J2EE Best Practices

Sun
Push
J2EE your development
Best furtherusing
Practices Tech
Days
Real-life Examples.
Sridhar Reddy
Technology Evangelist
sridhar.reddy@sun.com
Sun™ Tech Days
1
Sun
Push
What yourIs
development
Needed… further Tech
Days
Learning the technology is

not enough
Industry best practices
Proven solutions
How to avoid bad practices?
2
Sun
Push
eBay yourArchitecture:
development further How to Go… Tech
Days
From there… … to here?

Microsoft IIS J2EE™ Container
Web Container Services
Presentation Tier
Configuration
eBayISAPI.dll
Security
Logging
EJB™ Container
MSXML Business Tier
Integration Tier
Monolithic Layered
Proprietary Loosely coupled
Modular
Standards based
3
™ Sun
Push
Core yourJ2EE
development further
Patterns Tech
Days
Collection of best practices and Patterns for

for J2EE™ architecture
Also J2EE™ architecture bad practices and
refactorings
Based on Sun Java Center Services
experience
Proven solutions
Reuse design
Robust and scalable architecture
Improve quality
Flexibility and maintainability
Create a common vocabulary
4
Sun
Push your BluePrints
Java TMdevelopment further
Program Tech
Days
http://java.sun.com/blueprints
JavaTM Technology Series
books
Designing Enterprise Applications
with the J2EE Platform, 2nd Edition
Covers J2EE 1.3 platform features
TM
Designing Web Services with the

J2EE Platform (available fall 2003)
Sample applications
Java Pet Store Demo
Java Adventure Builder Demo
Concrete code for the BluePrints
guidelines
Starting points for your applications
5
Sun
Push your development further
Agenda Tech
Days
Web Tier best practices

EJB Tier best practices
Persistence Options
Container Managed Persistence
J2EE Performance
JMS Best Practices (depending on the time)
6
Sun
Push your development further Tech
Days
Some Web Tier

Best Practices
and Patterns
7
Sun
Layering Tech
Days
Web Tier or Client Presentation Layer
Data Transfer Objects

Network i.e. Business Data Values
EJB Session Beans Business Logic Layer

Service Layer
Entity Domain Layer

EJBs Persistent Entities
8
Sun
Push your development
Rationale further
for Layers Tech
Days
More flexible, extensible:

Presentation Layers
Frequent changes, design to be flexible
Business Services
Implement “use-cases”
Public Service interface
Interface should remain valid for changes in
presentation and data store
Data Layers
Fewer changes, designed to optimize data access
9
Sun
Model further
View Controller Tech
Days
Model = business data and rules, shared by all clients

Controller defines the application behaviour, interprets user
actions and maps them into actions performed on the model
View = renders the contents of the Model
Thin Browser Client
HTTP Request HTML Page
Presentation Layer Controller View
Model Layer Problem Domain Services
Persistence Layer Enterprise Resources
10
Sun
Model further
View Controller Tech
Days
Separate:
Model data
Control
Request Servlet Presentation of view
Controller
Forward Business
Event Event
Response
JSP Bean
View Model Model
Data
Client Web EJB Tier
MVC Pattern
11
Sun
Service to Worker further Tech
Days
Command
Factory
3. Parse Request
5. Create
1. Request Front 4. Get cmd
Client Controller
6. Execute Command
2. Common logic Helper
8. Dispatch
10. Response 7. Business
View logic
Dispatcher
Servlet View
Helper
JSP Data
9. Get Data Bean
Java™ Objects
12
Sun
Push
Useyour
andevelopment further
MVC Framework Tech
Days
Faster, easier development of

Request processing
Response generation
Use Struts, JSF, Sun ONE ... application framework
13
Sun
Struts Framework further Tech
Days
Form Bean Action

View 1 3
1
2
4
Action
ActionServlet
Model
(Controller)
5
Action
View 2
Struts-config.xml
........
Action
........
........
14
Sun
Struts and Core further
J2EE Patterns Tech
Days
Front Controller Command Model
Request Action Business

Action
Mapping Action Service
Servlet
(xml)
Client
Uses
Response
Action Action
JSP View
Forward Form
View Dispatcher View Helper

15
Sun
Ebay.com: further
Presentation Tier Tech
Days
Request Handler
Request
Intercepting
Filter
Front
Controller
Command ? Business
Service
Navigation and Dispatch
Client
Navigator Dispatcher
View Processor XML
Intercepting View Transformer

XSL Core J2EE
Filter Processor Helper
Response Pattern
Strategy
16
Sun
Business Delegate Tech
Days
Client
independent from
ejb tier
Ejb details
hidden
Mock objects can
be used to test
client w/o ejb tier
17
Sun
Ebay.com: further
Presentation Tier Tech
Days
Request Handler Service Interface
Request
Intercepting Front Business Business
Command
Filter Controller Delegate Service
Navigation and Dispatch
Client Service
Locator
Navigator Dispatcher
View Processor XML
Intercepting View Transformer

XSL Core J2EE
Filter Processor Helper
Response Pattern
Strategy
18
Sun
Push
Cacheyour development further
for Performance Tech
Days
Some things can be cached and shared, use a

singleton:
InitialContext object
Anything retrieved from JNDI, EJB Home interfaces
Repeated lookups can be expensive! Use Service Locator
Pattern
Some things are user specific, cached in session:
Cache search results when you are only displaying a few
at a time (static data)
Value List Pattern
19
Sun
Service Locator further
Pattern Tech
Days
DON'T DO
EJB JMS EJB JMS
Client Client Client Client
Service
Locator
JNDI EJB JDBC

EJB JDBC Client
Client
Client Client
JNDI
Repeated lookups can be expensive!

Use the Service Locator Pattern to
Cache references obtained by JNDI lookups
(ejb references, datasources, jms connection)
20
Sun
ServiceLocator code Tech
Days
01 public class ServiceLocator {

02 private InitialContext ic;
03 private Map cache;
04 private static ServiceLocator me;
05
06 private ServiceLocator() {
07 ic = new InitialContext();
08 cache = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
09 }
10 public static ServiceLocator getInstance() {
11 if (me == null) {
12 me = new ServiceLocator();
13 }
14 return me;
15 }
21
Sun
ServiceLocator code Tech
Days
01 public EJBHome getRemoteHome(String jndiHomeName, Class className){

02 EJBHome home = null;
03 if (cache.containsKey(jndiHomeName)) {
04 home = (EJBHome) cache.get(jndiHomeName);
05 } else {
06 Object objref = ic.lookup(jndiHomeName);
07 Object obj = PortableRemoteObject.narrow(objref, className);
08 home = (EJBHome)obj;
09 cache.put(jndiHomeName, home);
10 }
11 return home;
12 }
15
22
Sun
Client code further Tech
Days
01 ServiceLocator serviceLocator =
02 ServiceLocator.getInstance();
03 try {
04 ProjectHome projectHome =(ProjectHome)
05 serviceLocator.getHome(“ProjectHome.class”);
...
23
Sun
Push
Tipsyour
fordevelopment
Servlets further Tech
Days
Servlets are Multithreaded

Avoid use of shared modified class variables
Synchronize only small blocks in code
Don't store a lot of data in the HTTP

Session
Remove servlet sessions when they
are no longer needed:
In logoff call session.invalidate()
24
Sun
Servlet Tips further Tech
Days
DO use high performance J2EE

design patterns
MVC, Service Locator
DON’T hold resources – explicitly

free them
25
Sun
Push
Tipsyour
fordevelopment
JSPs further Tech
Days
Avoid scriptlets in JSP

Use JSTL (JSP 2.0 Standard Tag Libraries):
<c:forEach var="item" values="${cart}">
Pass data to JSP in Servlet request object not

session
If JSP does not use the HTTP session
Use <%page session="false"%> to prevent
HTTP Sessions from being automatically created
26
Sun
Days
Some EJB Tier

Best Practices
and Patterns
27
Sun
Push
Do your
youdevelopment
need EJBs?further Tech
Days
Do you need declarative

transactional support?
Do you need to distribute your
business logic?
Do you need JMS, JAX-RPC, RMI?
Do you need to support multiple
client types?
Do you need method-level security
on your objects?
Do you need Clustering for Scalability?
28
Sun
Architecting further
Applications Tech
Days
ebay Case Study
Functional requirements captured

via use-cases
Use-cases implemented using MVC &
Command design patterns
Implement Business Logic as Services
29
Sun
Push
ebay yourUse
development
case further
realization Tech
Days
ebay Case Study View Items
View Items
by category
Any User
Any user can view auction

items by category
30
Sun
Push
View yourItems
development further Requirements
Design Tech
Days
ebay Case Study

Centralize
Request Hndlg
Convert to
Biz Command
Assemble
Data
Use case
Biz logic
Retrieve
Data by category
31
Sun
Push
View yourItems
development further
Design Tech
Days
ebay Case Study

Front
Controller
Transfer
Action Object Transfer
Command Object
Assembler
Business Session Value List

Delegate Facade Handler
Service Data Access

Locator Object
32
Sun
Push yourApplication
Core development further
Design Patterns Tech
Days
Ebay Case Study Business Logic & Data Integration

Presentation
Messaging Fabric & Persistence
Request Response BUSINESS

SERVICE
FACADE
FRONT
VIEW
CONTROLLER
DATA
MODEL Value List Handler ACCESS
OBJECT
COMMAND DATA
TRANSFER DATA
object TRANSFER
OBJECT
OBJECT
WEB Tier SessionEJB
Servlet Java™ Objects

JSP Session EJB
33
Sun
Push
Data yourTransfer
developmentObject
further Tech
Days
Client
Object EJB
Network
boundary
GetCity()
GetState()
DON'T DO
Before GetZipCode()
too much network traffic
A Da ta Tra ns fe r Obje ct e ncaps ula te s

a s e t of da ta va lues to re turn to the
Client Item Info EJB
Object Data Transfer Object clie nt in one ne twork tra ns fe r
GetItemInfo()
Return DTO
GetCity()
After DO
GetState()
Reduce network traffic
GetZipCode() with Data Transfer Object
Network
boundary
34
Sun
Days
Presentation Business Logic & Data Integration


SERVICE
FACADE
FRONT
VIEW
CONTROLLER
DATA
OBJECT
COMMAND DATA
TRANSFER DATA
object TRANSFER
OBJECT
OBJECT
WEB Tier SessionEJB

JSP Session EJB
35
Sun
Push
Data yourAccess
development further
Object Tech
Days
Use DAO for read-only tabular access to a large set of data,

when query results are large and short-lived
BusinessObject DataAccessObject DataSource

Uses Encapsulates
Use Data Access Objects to

encapsulate data-access logic
creates/uses -provides a simplified interface for
performing complex JDBC
operations
-allows decoupling of data-access
optimizations
obtains/modifies TransferObject
36
Sun
Push your
EJB Tierdevelopment
patterns further Tech
Days
Data Access Object (DAO)
public class FacadeEJB implements SessionBean { DAOs

protected EbayDAO dao; as the app is designed for
public void ejbCreate() { different databases
try {
dao = EbayDAOFactory.getDAO();
The name of the particulary
} catch (EbayDAOSysException se) {
DAO class is lookup in the env.
throw new EJBException(se.getMessage());
settings given in the deploy-
}}
…
ment descriptor
public ListChunk getItems(String categoryId,
int startIndex, int count, Locale locale) { Reflection is used to instantiate
try { a concrete instance of the class
return dao.getItems(categoryId, startIndex, count, locale);
} catch (EbayDAOSysException se) {
throw new EJBException(se.getMessage());
}} Example: EbayDAOFactory
…. }
37
Sun
Days


SERVICE
FACADE
FRONT
VIEW
CONTROLLER
DATA
OBJECT
COMMAND DATA
TRANSFER DATA
object TRANSFER
OBJECT
OBJECT
WEB Tier SessionEJB

JSP Session EJB
38
Sun
Push
Valueyour development
List Handlerfurther Tech
Days
Interface
For querying, filtering, and
ValueListIterator displaying large amounts
+GetSize():int
of data:
+getCurrentElement():Object
+getPreviousElements(count:int):List
Value List Handler handles
+getNextElements(count:int):List the search, can cache results
+resetIndex():void and provides a traversable result
set
<<List>>
Client ValueListHandler ValueList TransferObject
DataAccessObject
39
Sun
Example CachingfurtherResults Tech
Days
Client Stateful DataAccessObject

Session
ValueListHandler
1: Create ValueList
ValueListiterator
2: Execute Search
2.1: Execute Search
2.1.1: Create
Return Sub List Return Value List
3: Get Next
3.1: Get Sub-list
3.2: Return Sub-list
4: Get Previous
4.1: Get Sub-list
4.2: Return Sub-list
5: Get Current
5.1: Get Current
5.2: Return Value Object
6: Get Size
6.1: Get Size
6.2: Return Size
40
Sun
Returning Searchfurther
Results Options Tech
Days
ValueList Handler as a Stateful Session

EJB caches search results, and returns
sub list
ValueList Handler as Stateless Session
EJB:
Select * FROM item WHERE id=? LIMIT
[count] OFFSET [startIndex]
Instead of Value list could use JDBC 2.0

scrollable ResultSet but keeps
connection open ! (J2SE 1.5 will have
disconnected scrollable ResultSet)
41
Sun
Stateless further
Example Tech
Days
Client Stateless DataAccessObject

Session
ValueListHandler
1: Create
ValueListiterator
2: Execute Search (index, count)

2.1: Execute Search (index, count) ValueList
2.1.1: Create
Return Sub List Return sub List
2: Execute Search (index+count, count) 2.1: Execute Search (index+count, count)

2.1.1: Create
Return Sub List Return sub List
Select * FROM item WHERE id=?

LIMIT [count]OFFSET [startIndex]
42
Sun
Days


SERVICE
FACADE
FRONT
VIEW
CONTROLLER
DATA
OBJECT
COMMAND DATA
TRANSFER DATA
object TRANSFER
OBJECT
OBJECT
WEB Tier SessionEJB

JSP Session EJB
43
Sun
Session Facade further
pattern Tech
Days
Session Bean Entity

Bean 1
Entity Bean
Plain Java™ Object 2. getData() 2. getData()
Data
Entity
Access
Bean 2
Object 1
Client Session
1. doThis(...) Facade
Session Data
Bean Access
Object 2
3. process
Java™
Use the Session Facade: Object
provide a simple interface to a complex subsystem of

enterprise beans
Enforce a clear and strict separation of business logic from
presentation and data logic
44
Sun
Push
Useyour
thedevelopment
Session further
Facade pattern Tech
Days
To Execute complex use cases in a single network call to

reduce network overhead
Direct Bean Access

Don’t: EJB
Client
Network
Direct Entity Bean access results in excessive network overhead

and multiple transactions
Do:
EJB
Network F
a
Client c
a
d
e
Direct Entity Bean access results in excessive network overhead

45
Sun
Push
Use yourthe
development
SessionfurtherFacade Tech
Days
To group finer grained calls to local entity beans
Local vs. Remote Interfaces

Remote Interfaces Local Interfaces
EJB EJB EJB EJB

client Object client Object
Network
Pass by Value: Pass by Reference:

Serialize/deserialize Better performance
method parameters
46
Sun
Design your localfurther& remote EJBs Tech
Days
Use Session Facade to group finer grained calls to local EJBs

in a Coarse Grained Interface
Java
Client
WebComp
onent
Remote WebComp
Facade onent Determine which EJBs
WebComp
onent will be collocated within same
Business
Delegate
VM
LineItem
Relationship Admin
Remote CreditCard
Reference Facade Purchase Order
Address
47
Sun
Push
Useyour
thedevelopment
Session further
Facade Tech
Days
To group related updates into container managed transactions
Application Server DataBase Server

TX_REQUIRED TX_REQUIRED
or JMS Provider
Check Out Update
Inventory Inventory
Facade Resource
Client Order
createOrder
Commit
or
Start Prepare rollback
Transaction Create context x

Manager Add to context x Transaction
Add to context x context
Check context
x to see if
updates will work
48
Sun
eBay.com: further
Business Tier Tech
Days
ebay Case Study

Dispatch Persistence
Application Domain
DAO Data
Controller Store
Source
Business
Command Context Logic/Data
Object
Application
Service
Business
Facade Object
Transfer
Object
Transfer Value
Object List
Core J2EE
Assembler Handler
Pattern
Strategy
49
Sun
Session EJB tips
Days
Remove stateful session beans when

finished (user logs out)
Bean.remove()
Limit size of objects stored in session

beans due to memory cost and I/O for
passivation
50
Sun
Stateless further
or Stateful Session EJB? Tech
Days
Stateless session beans are pooled and

can service multiple clients
give best performance
Stateful store conversational state=1 per

client (are activated and passivated)
For Performance Strive for Statelessness
when application has a high number of
users
convert Stateful to stateless by adding parameters
to the bean methods that hold the extra state
51
Sun
Service Tier DON'Tfurther s Tech
Days
DO NOT store large amount of data

in Stateful SessionEJB
DO NOT access of Entity EJBs remotely
DO NOT implement fine-grained
components as remote EJBs
52
Sun
Design Patterns further
Summary Tech
Days
Mediate business Locate services

processing
Locate services
Session Facade Service Locator
Obtain composite Encapsulate

value objects Access business list
data
Value Object Assembler Value List handler
Invoke
business Transactional Encapsulate
methods Data data
Business Components
Encapsu- Access data
Entity late data Transfer Object sources
Access data Encapsulate

sources data
Message Driven Data Access Object

Bean
53
Sun
Summary Tech
Days
Data Transfer Object

Exchanges data J2EE tiers
Service Locator
Holds results of JNDI lookups
Value List Handler

Handles larger result sets from database queries
Business Delegate
Simplifies the coupling between the J2EE Web &
EJB tiers
Session Facade
Provide business logic functionality
Data Access Object

Isolation layer for interfaces to a systems
resources
Etc.
www.sun.com/developer/blueprints/
54
Sun
Days
Persistence
Best
Practices
55
Sun
Push
Data yourAccess
development further
Options in J2EE: Tech
Days
Object-oriented (transactional) data model

EJB container managed persistence
Great choice for ease and performance
JDO
Tabular access
EJBs should not be simple wrappers on
database data rows; they should have business
logic. To simply access data, use Plain JDBC
JDBC RowSets (disconnected J2SE 1.5)
Non-relational, non-object data access
Use J2EE Connectors
56
Sun
Push
BMP yourvs.
development
CMP further Tech
Days
BMP JDBC JDBC SQL Bean

Bean SQLJ Driver State
Database
EJB Container
1) Bean provider manages State and Data consistency
2) Bean provider handles relationships and OR Mapping
CMP JDBC JDBC SQL Bean

Bean SQLJ Driver State
Persistence Database
EJB Container Manager
1) Container manages State and Data consistency

2) Container/PM provides concurrency, relationships and OR Mapping
57
Sun
Push your of
Effect development
Good further
CMP Optimizations Tech
Days
28
24
20
16
12 Simple BMP
8 Optimized BMP
CMP
4
0
Benchmark # of Database
Score Calls
58
Sun
Push
CMP your2.0
development
Entity further
Beans Tech
Days
Entity Bean is now an abstract class, container extends it
<<interface>>
java.io.Serializable
<<interface>>
javax.ejb.EnterpriseBean
<<interface>>
javax.ejb.EntityBean
CMP Entity Bean abstract class You (bean provider)

(Contains data handling logic) write this code.
CMP Entity Bean subclass Container provides

(Contains persistence logic) this class.
59
Sun
Accessors further and
for CMP CMR Tech
Days
public abstract class OrderBean implements EntityBean {
private EntityContext context;
//access methods for cmp fields
public abstract String getOrderID(); //primary key

public abstract void setOrderID(String id);
. . .
//access methods for cmr fields
public abstract Collection getLineItems();

public abstract void setLineItems(Collection lineItems);
60
Sun
Container further
Managed Relationships Tech
Days
Address
Order
Local Entity
1
Shipping Address
1 Local Entity
Client OrderBean Product
1 1
LineItems ProductOrdered
M M
OrderHome LineItem
Local Entity
EJB Tier
61
Sun
Push
CMP your2.0
development further
Relationship Handling Tech
Days
In CMP 2.0, you declare fields and

relationships in deployment descriptor
Container generates all the necessary code
<ejb-jar>
<enterprise-beans>
... define your enterprise beans ...
<cmp-field> elements represent container-managed
persistent fields
</enterprise-beans>
<relationships>
... define EJB relationships ...
</relationships>
62
Sun
Example further
CMP Wizard Tech
Days
63
Sun
Advantages of further
CMP 2.0 Tech
Days
for developer
container manages the persistence and
the relationships, not you!
Freedom from maintaining interactions
with the data store
EJB™ Query Language (EJB QL)
Portable code
64
Sun
Advantages of further
CMP 2.0 Tech
Days
for Container
Optimization is possible in query
operation
Because Query is defined in deployment
descriptor via EJB QL
Optimization is possible because
persistent fields are only accessible
via get and set methods
Lazy loading,Dirty writes,Optimistic locking
65
Sun
Push
CMP yourOptimizations
development further Tech
Days
Aggressive Loading
Loading fields relationships and fields of
children in the same query
Lazy Loading
Deferring loading of any data until it is accessed
Dirty Writes
Only update data which has been changed
in the database
66
Sun
Push
CMP: yourStandard
development further
Vs. Tech
Days
Vendor Specific Features

***HIDDEN SLIDE***
Standard features
Declarative specification of:
Persistent attributes, abstract schema, relationships,
queries for finder/select methods(via EJBQL),
transactional attributes
Vendor specific
Tools for O/R mapping, concurrency and
consistency semantics, caching semantics,
performance and usability
67
Sun
Database further Modes
Isolation Tech
Days
Choose the lowest cost transaction

isolation level that avoids corrupting
the data.
Transaction levels in order of
increasing consistency and cost are:
Read Uncommitted
Read Committed
Repeatable Read
Serializable
consider READ COMMITTED with

optimistic locking
68
Sun
Entity Bean Tips further Tech
Days
Do not use EJB entity beans for batch

loading or queries that return large result
sets. Use Data Access Objets
encapsulating JDBC
Use CMP rather than BMP entity bean
when possible
Do not call EJB entity bean get & set
methods from client
Wrap with session beans to provide course
grain access and single transaction context
69
Sun
Push
EJB your development further
Summary Tech
Days
EJB Container Services – use appropriately for:

Distributed transaction management
Robust security service
Resource management (threads, sockets, database connections)
Container persistence
Remote accessibility
Dispatch and life-cycle management.
Use EJB 2.0 local interfaces for performance

improvements
When running in same JVM.
70
Sun
Days
J2EE
Performance
Tips
71
Sun
Application further
Resources Tech
Days
Standard application resources:

CPU
Memory
I/O
Network
Database
72
Sun
Push
Tune yourApp
development
Serverfurther Tech
Days
# Execute threads that requests run on

JDBC
connection pools
Prepared statement cache size
JVM Heap size
(go to Performance code camp)
EJB Bean Cache and Pools
Correct settings depend on application,
test to determine sizes
73
Sun
The EJB
Push your Container
development further Tech
Days
Pooling and Caching of EJB Instances

Allow for reuse of bean
instances
Pooling Caching
objective: minimize creation + activation /
initialization passivation
for message-driven yes no

for stateless session yes no
for stateful session no yes
for entity beans yes yes
74
Sun
Push
Tune yourKey
development further
Container Parameters Tech
Days
Stateful session bean and entity bean

cache
Cache = EJB instances with state
Session timeouts
Stateless session and entity bean pools

Pool = EJB instances with no assigned state
75
Sun
Entity Bean further Tech
Days
Bean pool size EjbActivate()
Bean cache size Does

not exist
NewInstance()
setEntityContext() unsetEntityContext()
pooled
ejbFind()
EJB
Instance
ejbCreate() ejbRemove()
ejbPostCreate()
ejbActivate() ejbPassivate()
ready
EJB EJB ejbStore()

ejbLoad()
Object Instance
business method
76
Sun
Entity Bean Cachingfurther Tech
Days
Commit Option A
At the end of the transaction, the instance stays
ready (cached) and the instance state is valid
Commit Option B
At the end of the transaction, the instance stays
ready (cached) but the instance state is NOT
valid ( ejbLoad will be called )
Commit Option C
At the end of the transaction, neither the instance
nor its state is valid (passivated)
Best Option: do profiling with your application on
your app server
77
Sun
Stateful Session further
Bean Tech
Days
Bean cache size

Session time out
does not
exist
1) newInstance() ejbRemove()
2) setSessioncontext()
3)ejbCreate() ejbPassivate()
Method-ready
EJB EJB passive

Object Instance
business method EjbActivate()
78
Sun
Stateless
Push Session
your development further Bean Tech
Days
and Message Driven Bean
Bean pool size

does not
exist
1) newInstance()
2) setSessioncontext() EjbRemove()
3)ejbCreate()
method-ready
pool
Business method
EJB
Instance
79
Sun
The Sun's EJB Container
Days
Cache Tunables
commit-option (B|C) (entity beans)
Max-cache-size (0 = unbounded)
cache-idle-timeout-in-seconds
(0 = indefinitely)
removal-timeout-in-seconds
(stateful session)
Adjust cache size: Increase until a good cache hit
rate is reached
For fine tuning, understand a beans usage

pattern (reads, updates, creates, removes ...)
80
Sun
Push
Theyour development
Sun's EJBfurther
Container Tech
Days
Pool Tunables
steady-pool-size (not for message-
driven)
max-pool-size (0 = unbounded)
pool-idle-timeout-in-seconds
(0 = indefinitely)
Adjust a bean’s pool size:
Increase when observing excessive creation
and deletion of bean instances
Decrease when accumulating a large number
of instances in pool
81
Sun
Push
Theyour development
Sun's EJBfurther
Container Tech
Days
Configuring Pool and Cache

Per bean: in ejb module’s sun-ejb-
jar.xml
<bean-pool> and <bean-cache>
Global defaults: in server instance’s
server.xml
<ejb-container> and <mdb-container>
82
Sun
Push
JDBC your development
Tips further Tech
Days
Select a certified, high performance

type 2 (Thin) JDBC driver
Tune connection pool size
Close resources as soon as you’re done
with them (in finally)
E.g. Statements, Connections, ResultSets…
Use JDBC’s PreparedStatement instead
of Statement when possible
Tune statement caching
Turn off Auto-Commit
83 Group updates into a transaction

Sun
Database further
Performance Tech
Days
Common performance bottleneck

Typical problems:
Use small primary keys (number)
Inefficient queries - sending SQL data
that asks the database to do more work
than necessary
run the SQL through the EXPLAIN SELECT command
index the columns in your WHERE clauses
Large Data Sets - processing large sets

of data in ResultSets
84
Sun
Push your developmentTips
Performance furtherSummary Tech
Days
Tips for better performance

Tune app server and infrastructure
Container Caching and Pools
Database access
Use JDBC for:
Batch loading: session bean or message bean
Large result sets: value list handler
Use CMP rather than BMP Entity Beans
Use right isolation level and database
transactional control (locking)
85
Sun
Manage further
Expensive Resources Tech
Days
Cache “EJB homes”

Cache data sources
Minimize use of HTTP sessions
Release database connections
Remove unused stateful session beans
Use local Interfaces [Session Facade]
86
Sun
can Tech
Days
Significantly Help Performance
Session Facade
Service Locator
Value List Handler
Data Transfer Object
87
Sun
Days
Some JMS
Messaging,
J2EE Best
Practices
88
Sun
Point-to-Point Tech
Days
Example: Order and Fulfillment
Queue
JMS JMS
Java™ Pet
Store
89
Sun
Publish further
and Subscribe Tech
Days
Example: Stock Price Changes
Topic
Price Change
Traders/Brokers
90
Sun
Message-Driven Bean Tech
Days
Concurrent Asynchronous Processing

High Scalability, High Throughput
MDB instances are pooled by the container
Allow for asynchronous concurrent message consumption
from the same destination
Container
JMS Container
Provider
Msg-
Desti MDB
Consume MDB
Queue Consumer driven
Instances
Instances
n- r
Bean
ation
Msg-Driven
Bean Class
91
Sun
Push yourFacade
MDB development further
Pattern Tech
Days
Mailer MDB
EJB
Asynchronous
Message
LineItem Tier
Delivery Order Entity
Card
Approval 1:m
Entity
MDB Purchase
Order Entity
Address
Entity
Use the MDB Facade:

provide a simple asynchronous interface to a complex
subsystem of enterprise beans
92
Sun
Push
JMSyour development further Tech
Days
Use JMS for loosely coupled

applications that need reliable,
scalable document oriented
message exchange
Including Message-Driven
Beans and JMS in your J2EE™
application can greatly increase
performance, robustness, and
efficiency
93
Sun
Days
Tools
Summary
Resources
94
Sun
Push your
Use development further
Tools Tech
Days
Use IDE or Xdoclet to keep EJB class,

home interfrace, remote interface
consistent
Use Junit for Unit testing
Use Ant to automate deployment and
testing
All of these are provided with
Sun Java Studio
95
Sun
Summary Tech
Days
J2EE Patterns and Best Practices

are proven solutions
Reuse design
Robust and scalable architecture
Improve quality, performance
Flexibility and maintainability
JavaTM BluePrints Program

http://java.sun.com/blueprints
Designing Enterprise Applications
with the J2EE Platform, 2nd Edition
96
Sun
Resources: Tech
Days
http://java.sun.com/blueprints Java Performance Tuning
97 J2EE Performance Testing

Sun
Days
Sridhar Reddy
Technology Evangelist
sridhar.reddy@sun.com
Sun™ Tech Days
98

J2EE Best Practices

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J2EE Best Practices

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Sun

Sun™ Tech Days

Learning the technology is

From there… … to here?

MSXML Business Tier

Collection of best practices and Patterns for

Create a common vocabulary

 Designing Web Services with the

Web Tier best practices

Some Web Tier

Web Tier or Client Presentation Layer

Data Transfer Objects

EJB Session Beans Business Logic Layer

Entity Domain Layer

More flexible, extensible:

Model = business data and rules, shared by all clients

Thin Browser Client

HTTP Request HTML Page

Presentation Layer Controller View

Model Layer Problem Domain Services

Persistence Layer Enterprise Resources

Request Servlet Presentation of view

Client Web EJB Tier

Faster, easier development of

Form Bean Action

Front Controller Command Model

Request Action Business

View Dispatcher View Helper

Navigation and Dispatch

View Processor XML

Intercepting View Transformer

Request Handler Service Interface

Navigation and Dispatch

View Processor XML

Intercepting View Transformer

Some things can be cached and shared, use a

JNDI EJB JDBC

Repeated lookups can be expensive!

01 public class ServiceLocator {

01 public EJBHome getRemoteHome(String jndiHomeName, Class className){

Servlets are Multithreaded

Don't store a lot of data in the HTTP

DO use high performance J2EE

DON’T hold resources – explicitly

Avoid scriptlets in JSP

Pass data to JSP in Servlet request object not

Some EJB Tier

Do you need declarative

ebay Case Study

Functional requirements captured

ebay Case Study View Items

Any user can view auction

ebay Case Study

ebay Case Study

Business Session Value List

Service Data Access

Ebay Case Study Business Logic & Data Integration

Request Response BUSINESS

WEB Tier SessionEJB

Servlet Java™ Objects

A Da ta Tra ns fe r Obje ct e ncaps ula te s

Presentation Business Logic & Data Integration

Request Response BUSINESS

WEB Tier SessionEJB

Sun

Designing Web Services with the