Piston Grasso 10 Engineering Data PDF

Page 1 Reciprocating Compressors for industrial refrigeration / Series Grasso 10
Refrigeration Division
Grasso
ED10/v005=CA0365
Reciprocating Compressors for industrial refrigeration
Series Grasso 10
Product information (ED)
Page 2
Reciprocating Compressors for industrial refrigeration / Series Grasso 10
Grasso
ED10/v005
Copyright
All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be copied or published by means of printing,
photocopying, microfilm or otherwise without prior
written consent of Grasso.
This restriction also applies to the corresponding
drawings and diagrams.
Legal Notice
This publication has been written in good faith.
However, Grasso cannot be held responsible,
neither for any errors occurring in this publication
nor for their consequences.
Grasso
ED10/v005
Table of Contents
Section Title Page
1 DESCRIPTION AND SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR 11
1.1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 11
1.1.1 OUTLINE 11
1.1.2 TYPE DESIGNATION 11
1.1.3 APPLICATION 11
1.1.4 DRIVE SYSTEM 11
1.1.5 SELECTION COMPRESSOR AND ACCESSOIRIES 11
1.1.6 PRESSURE TESTS 11
1.1.7 ACCEPTANCE TEST 11
1.1.8 STANDARD SCOPE OF SUPPLY 11
1.1.9 OPTIONS 11
1.2 GRASSO 10 GRAPHICS 13
1.3 GENERAL DATA 17
1.3.1 TECHNICAL DATA 17
1.3.2 MAIN DIMENSIONS AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS 18
1.3.3 SHAFT END COMPRESSOR 20
1.3.4 SOUND RATING 21
1.3.4.1 SOUND DATA Grasso 10 22
1.3.5 PART-LOAD POWER CONSUMPTION 23
1.3.6 STARTING TORQUE 23
1.3.6.1 TORQUES GRASSO 10 24
1.3.7 FREE FORCES AND MOMENTS 24
1.3.7.1 FORCES AND MOMENTS 25
1.4 LIMITS OF OPERATION AND FIELDS OF APPLICATION 27
1.4.1 GENERAL LIMITS AND FIELDS OF OPERATION 27
1.4.2 FIELDS OF APPLICATION SINGLE-STAGE AND BOOSTER 28
1.4.2.1 DIAGRAMS Grasso 10 29
1.4.3 FIELDS OF APPLICATION TWO STAGE 30
1.4.3.1 FIELDS OF APPLICATION DIAGRAMS GRASSO 10 30
1.4.4 LIMITATIONS OF PART-LOAD OPERATION 31
1.4.5 STARTING UP OF TWO-STAGE COMPRESSORS 33
1.5 LUBRICATING OILS (choice and recommendations) 35
1.6 DESIGN DETAILS OF COMPRESSOR 37
1.6.1 COMPRESSOR HOUSING (Fig. 1.6-1 and Fig. 1.6-2) 37
1.6.2 CYLINDERS AND MOVING PARTS 39
1.6.3 ROTARY SHAFT SEAL 39
1.6.3.1 ROTARY SHAFT SEAL DIAGRAM 39
1.6.4 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVES 40
1.6.4.1 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVES DIAGRAM 40
1.6.5 VALVE-LIFTING MECHANISM 41
1.6.6 PRINCIPAL CONNECTIONS, GAS SUCTION FILTER AND PRESSURE EQUALIZING 41
Page 4
Grasso
ED10/v005
1.6.7 RELIEF VALVES 42
1.6.8 OIL PUMP AND FILTERS 42
1.6.8.1 OIL PUMP AND FILTERS DIAGRAM 42
1.6.9 CONTROL AND LUBRICATION OIL SYSTEM (Fig. 1.6-6 and Fig. 1.6-7) 43
2 DESCRIPTION AND SELECTION OF ACCESSORIES 45
2.1 CAPACITY CONTROL SYSTEMS 45
2.1.1 SURVEY CAPACITY CONTROL SYSTEMS AND UNLOADED START 45
2.1.2 ELECTRIC CAPACITY CONTROL AND FAST PULL DOWN (FPD) 46
2.1.2.1 General diagram of electrically operated capacity control 46
2.1.2.2 DIAGRAMS Grasso 10 47
2.1.3 MANUAL CAPACITY CONTROL 49
2.2 CONTROLS, SAFETIES, GAUGES AND SWITCHES 51
2.2.1 MONITRON CR CONTROL DEVICE 51
2.2.2 PRESSURE GAUGE AND SAFETY SWITCH CABINET 55
2.2.2.1 Electrical wiring schematic oil differential pressostat (RT260A) 56
2.2.3 CYLINDER HEAD DISCHARGE TEMPERATURE PROTECTION 57
2.2.3.1 SCOPE OF SUPPLY GRASSO 10 58
2.3 DIRECT AND V-BELT DRIVE 59
2.3.1 SELECTION OF DIRECT DRIVE 59
2.3.2 SELECTION OF V-BELT DRIVE, applicable to 1475 min
-1
(50 Hz) and 1775 min
-1
(60 Hz) motors 59
2.4 PACKAGED BASE FRAME AND FOUNDATION BLOCK 63
2.4.1 PACKAGED BASE FRAME 63
2.4.1.1 PACKAGED BASE FRAME 63
2.4.2 BARE COMPRESSOR ON CONCRETE FOUNDATION BLOCK 64
2.4.2.1 FOUNDATION BLOCK GRASSO 10 65
2.5 OIL SEPARATOR; OIL RETURN PROTECTION; OIL LEVEL FLOAT SWITCH; OIL QUALIZING AND OIL RETURN 67
2.5.1 OIL SEPARATORS 67
2.5.1.1 OIL SEPARATOR SELECTION 68
2.5.2 OIL RETURN PROTECTION 69
2.5.3 CRANKCASE OIL LEVEL FLOAT SWITCH 69
2.5.3.1 CRANKCASE OIL LEVEL FLOAT SWITCH 70
2.5.4 COMMON OIL RETURN AND OIL EQUALIZING CONNECTION 71
2.5.5 OIL RESERVOIR FOR MARINE USE 72
2.5.5.1 OIL RESERVOIR FOR MARINE USE 73
2.6 CRANKCASE HEATER 73
2.6.1 DETAILS GRASSO 10 74
2.7 STOP VALVES, FLANGES AND FILTERS 75
2.7.1 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE STOP VALVES AND FLANGES 75
2.7.1.1 DETAILS Grasso 10 75
2.7.2 INTERMEDIATE SUCTION GAS FILTER 76
2.8 INTERSTAGE COOLING SYSTEMS 77
2.8.1 SURVEY OF INTERSTAGE COOLING SYSTEMS FOR TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION 77
2.8.1.1 Graphics interstage cooling system A and B 82
Section Title Page
Grasso
ED10/v005
2.8.2 INJECTION SYSTEMS (A and B) 87
2.8.2.1 MAIN DIMENSIONS AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS INTERSTAGE SYSTEMS A AND B 88
2.8.3 OPEN AND CLOSED FLASH INTERSTAGE COOLING (System C and D) 89
2.9 SPARE PARTS AND (SPECIAL) TOOLS 93
2.9.1 SPARE PARTS 93
2.9.2 SPECIAL TOOLS 93
2.9.3 HAND-OPERATED OIL PUMP 93
3 Notes 95
3.1 95
Section Title Page
Page 6
Grasso
ED10/v005
Grasso
ED10/v005
Preface
This preface gives a survey of the types of
documentation and software available for this
Grasso compressor series.
All Grasso documentation and Grasso selection
software is available on CD-Roms (Consult Grasso).
1) Grasso Refrigeration Equipment Catalogue
(REC)
Contents
This catalogue contains all Product Information
(engineering data) and all brochures of the
reciprocating compressors, screw compressors, air
purgers, chillers, packages, etc. This catalogue also
includes the CD-Rom Grasso Software and the
CD-ROM Documentation Navigator.
User group
Project engineers, applications engineers, sales
managers and product managers for both
end-users and contractors.
Distribution
Sales Department of Grasso.
2) Grasso CD-ROM Grasso Software
Contents
COMSEL programme (the Grasso COMpressor
SELection programme), PURGER programme (to
calculate energy savings and pay-back time) and
REVALCO software (to select Revalco valves, check
valves, Revalco parts etc.).
User group
Project engineers, application engineers, sales
managers, product managers for both end-users
and contractors.
Distribution
3) Grasso CD-ROM Documentation Navigator
Contents
All Grasso documentation including a user friendly
navigation system.
With this CD-rom it is possible to re-use all text,
graphics, tables, etc. for various purposes
(presentations, reports, ...)
User group
and contractors.
Distribution
4) Product Information (Engineering Data Sheets;
ED)
Contents
All product information (engineering data) for this
series compressor and the corresponding
recommended accessories. It is meant to be a guide
to the selection of these components.
User group
and contractors.
Distribution
5) Installation and maintenance manual (IMM)
Contents
This manual will provide information on how to
transport, install, start-up and maintain the
compressor (package). It also contains a number of
"Product Information Sheets" and the current "Parts
List"
User group
To be used in the field by qualified personnel for
both end-user and contractor.
Page 8
Grasso
ED10/v005
Distribution
Supplied together with the compressor.
6) Instructions for Accessories (IFA)
Contents
All the relevant mounting and installation
instructions and spare parts information for those
accessories supplied with the compressor.
User group
To be used in the field by qualified personnel for
both end-user and contractor.
Distribution
Supplied together with the compressor.
7) Parts list (PL)
Contents
All current parts of the compressor and accessories
together with the design changes applicable to
previous supplied components ("History").
User group
Service and parts department for both end-user
and contractor.
Distribution
Service and Parts Department of Grasso.
8) Service & Maintenance Schedules (SMS)
Contents
Complete set of service and maintenance schedules
for 100 operating hours up to 48000 operating
hours (inspection, renewal, measuring, cleaning, ...)
of the bare shaft compressor.
User group
Service and parts department and in the field by
qualified personnel for both end-user and
contractor.
Distribution
9) Service and Maintenance Manual (SIM)
Contents
Description of (re)assembling, inspection, repair
and part or total overhaul of the bare shaft
compressor. This manual should be used together
with the 'Installation and Maintenance Manual'.
User group
To be used in the field by qualified personnel of
refrigeration installers or contractors.
Distribution
10) Miscellaneous
Typographic signs:
Indicates a caution, note or procedure to which you
should pay special attention.
READ IT CAREFULLY!
Indicates a WARNING. READ IT CAREFULLY!
Indicates an IMPORTANT note or procedure to
which you should pay special attention.
Indicates a HINT.
Values between []
Values between [ ] are read-outs of Grasso's
electronic control device Monitron CR.
Grasso
ED10/v005
Release Notes ED Grasso 10
Booster or single-stage operation
Booster operation applies if condensing
temperature <5
o
C.
Single stage operation applies if condensing
temperature =>5
o
C.
Cylinder numbering of Grasso reciprocating
compressors
Fig. 1 Cylinder numbering Grasso reciprocating
compressors
Description
Date
M-YY
Ref.
001 Evaluation copy 10-00 KK
002 Initial version 10-00 KK
003
1. Translation and lay-out checked by Grasso UK
2. Oil table; R507/R404 added; separate table for
recommended oils(Table 1.5-2)
3. Direct drive speeds 50 Hz 1328 and 1475 rpm;
graphic E, L and D values(Fig. 2.3-4)
4. Text for interstage cooling systems()
5. Stop valves and flanges; standard DN
connections changed(Section 2.7.1)
6. Oil selection table (Section 2.5.1.1Table 2.5-2)
12-00 KK
004
Height packages (Section 2.4.1.1)
Capacity control cylinders 310/410 (Table 2.1-1)
Sound data (Table 1.3-4)
Tcmax R134a(Fig. 1.4-4)
Dimensions interstage coolers A/B (Section
2.8.2.1)
Free Forces and Moments(Section 1.3.7.1)
Starting torques (Section 1.3.6.1)
03-01 KK
005
Oil equalizing connection (Section 2.5.4)
Section moved (Section 2.8.2.1)
Minimum pressure ratio 1.1 (was 1.5)(Table 1.4-1)
Packages dimension H (Section 2.4.1.1)
Max. pressure ration NH3 (Table 1.4-1)
Sep-01 KK
Legend
1, 2, 3, ... Cylinder numbers
T Top view of compressor
S Shaft-end of compressor
O Oil pump of compressor
Legend
Page 10
Grasso
ED10/v005
Grasso
1. DESCRIPTION AND SELECTION OF
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1. DESCRIPTION AND SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR
1.1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1.1 OUTLINE
Grasso10 is the designation of a series of open,
single- acting, reciprocating refrigeration
compressors with trunk-type pistons and with 2 up
to 8 cylinders in V- and Line-arrangement.
The series consist of 9 types, 5 single-stage and 4
integral two-stage (compound) compressors. The
single-stage types can also be used as booster
compressors.
1.1.2 TYPE DESIGNATION
The following examples will explain the type
designation:
6-cylinder single-stage compressor type
(K, M) Grasso610:
K (Lloyds-approval),
M (Marine application)
6 Number of cylinders
10 Series indication
8-cylinder two-stage compressor type
(K, M) Grasso6210
K (Lloyds-approval),
M (Marine application)
6 Number of LP cylinders
2 Number of HP cylinders
10 Series indication
1.1.3 APPLICATION
Industrial (heavy duty) operation.
Evaporating temp. between -68 and +33 C.
Refrigerants: amongst others NH
3
, R134a, R22,
R404A, R507.
For particular applications (cascade systems,
chemical processes, etc.) consult Grasso.
1.1.4 DRIVE SYSTEM
Electric motor: direct or V-belt.
Max. speed 1500 min
-1
Rotation normally counter-clockwise when
facing shaft end of compressor.
1.1.5 SELECTION COMPRESSOR AND
ACCESSOIRIES
Consult Grasso's software program COMSEL
(COMpressor SELection) in combination with
Engineering Data Sheets to select compressor
and/or accessories. The software program
COMSEL can be downloaded from our
homepage "www.grasso.nl" or
www.grasso.de
1.1.6 PRESSURE TESTS
Test pressure 37.5 bar(e).
Design pressure 26.0 bar(a).
Test run with air.
1.1.7 ACCEPTANCE TEST
Acceptance test under design conditions, acc. to
ISO 917, witnessed by the customer possible on
request.
1.1.8 STANDARD SCOPE OF SUPPLY
Standard bare compressor:
painting hammertone blue
oil and suction filters
Filled with nitrogen
Mating flanges suction and discharge
connections
Purge valve(s) on discharge line(s)
Supplied loose:
Suction filter element, including sealings
(running-in filter is factory mounted)
Oil discharge filter for first oil change, including
seals (running-in filter is factory mounted)
Swivel coupling for oil return connection
Installation and Maintenance Manual.(IMM)
Not included:
oil charge.
1.1.9 OPTIONS
Lloyds approval (other approvals on request),
Accessoiries as mentioned in next chapter.
Heavy duty oil discharge filter.
Back pressure independent relief valves, 26.0 bar
acc. to DIN 8975. One or two relief valves are
required depending on type of compressor.
Oil differential pressure indicator on oil
discharge filter.
Page 12
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Fig. 1.1-1 Option; Oil differential pressure indicator on
oil discharge filter
On request:
Different painting
Extra purge and evacuating stop valve(s) on
suction line(s)
Thermometers in suction and discharge lines
Explosion proof acc. to EEX-dIIC-T5
Check valves discharge lines
Clockwise direction of rotation
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.2 GRASSO 10 GRAPHICS
Fig. 1.2-1 Grasso 210
Page 14
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Fig. 1.2-11 Grasso 2110
Fig. 1.2-12 Grasso 2110
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Fig. 1.2-13 Grasso 3110
Fig. 1.2-14 Grasso 3110
Fig. 1.2-15 Grasso 4210
Fig. 1.2-16 Grasso 4210
Fig. 1.2-17 Grasso 6210
Fig. 1.2-18 Grasso 6210
Page 16
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.3 GENERAL DATA
1.3.1 TECHNICAL DATA
Table 1.3-1 Technical Data of Grasso 10
compressors
COMPRESSOR TYPE Grasso
Single-stage Two-stage
210 310 410 610 810 2110 3110 4210 6210
Number of cylinders
z
L
2 3 4 6 8
2 3 4 6
z
H
1 1 2 2
Cylinder arrangement 1xL 1xL 2xV 2xV 4xV 1xL 2xV 2xV 4xV
Cylinder bore D mm 110
Piston stroke S mm 85
Swept volume at
full-load and:
n=1500 min
-1
V
s
m
3
/h 145 217 290 435 580 145 217 290 435
Standard direction of rotation counter-clockwise when facing shaft end
Standard
compressor
speeds (with
V-belt drive) at
motor speed:
1475 min
-1
(50
Hz)
n min
-1
1475-1328-1180-1047-929-826-738-661-625
1775 min
-1
(60
Hz)
n min
-1
1416-1257-1115-991-885-793-750-708-637
Standard steps of
capacity control
(expressed in %
of full-load swept
volume):
manual and
electric control:
%
100-50
100-67-
33
100-75-
50
100-83-
67-50
-33
100-87-
75-62-
50-37-
25
100 100-67
100-75-
50
100-83-
67-50-
33
incl. Fast Pull
Down(FPD)
a - 100-50
100-67
33
100-
75(1.5)-
75(3.0)-
50(1.0)-
50(2.0)-
25
100-83-
67-
50(1.5)-
50(3.0)-
33(1.0)-
33(2.0)
Mass of bare compressor (without
flywheel and other accessories)
kg 510 585 610 725 990 590 615 730 998
Shipping mass (approx.) kg 560 635 660 775 1040 640 665 780 1048
Shipping volume m
3
0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.1
Oil charge in crankcase and oil
circuit (centre line of sight glass)
dm
3
9.5 12 9.5 12 16.5 12 9.5 12 16.5
Mass moment of inertia of crank
mechanism (without flywheel)
I
d
kg.m
2
0.0776 0.1491 0.0776 0.1491 0.1673 0.1491 0.0776 0.1491 0.1673
a. Volume ratio between brackets
Page 18
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.3.2 MAIN DIMENSIONS AND SPACE
REQUIREMENTS
COMPRESSOR TYPE Grasso 210 310 410 610 810 2110 3110 4210 6210
Length A 925 1105 925 1105 1455 1105 925 1105 1455
Width B 536 536 888 888 888 536 888 888 888
Height C 765 765 815 815 815 765 815 815 815
D 579 579 782 777 782 577 782 782 777
E - - - - - 685 709 722 722
F - - - - - 513 595 600 600
G - - 787 824 824 709 709 709 709
H - 516 - - - 516 315 345 735
J 343 402 301 372 821 519 315 481 845
K - - - - - 152 152 134 134
L - - - - - 30 38 68 68
M 152 134 0 0 0 152 152 152 152
N 68 68 77 100 98 70 77 77 98
O 555 735 555 735 1085 735 555 735 1085
R 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
S 211 211 0 0 0 210 0 0 0
MINIMUM REQUIRED FREE SPACE for removal of:
T - - - - - 519 326 470 860
flywheel
a
U 335 355 335 335 335 335 335 335 335
crankshaft
a
V 750 925 750 925 1270 925 750 925 1270
piston and cylinder liner
a
W
b
1000 1000 790 790 790 1000 790 790 790
X 300 300 530 530 530 300 530 530 530
LOCATION OF CENTRE OF GRAVITY
length Y
on request
width Z
MAIN CONNECTIONS DN (mm)
c
(LP) suction 1 50 65 65 80 100 50 65 65 80
LP dicharge/HP suction 2/3 - 32 32 50 50
(HP) discharge 4 32 50 50 65 80 32 32 32 32
AUXILIARY CONNECTIONS
Temperature 5
1/4 BSP
LP discharge pressure/
temperature
6
HP suction pressure/
temperature
7
HP dicharge pressure/
temperature
8
Crankcase 9
Oil lubrication pressure 10
Oil temperature 11
Oil drain 12
1/2 BSP Oil return oil separator 13
Crankcase heater 14
Oil leakage drain of rotary
shaft seal
15 clamp coupling provided width 6 x 1.5 mm steel precision tube
Oil control pressure 16 1/2 BSP
Crankcase pressure
equalizing
17 1/4 BSP
Oil charge valve 18 1/2 bsp (TAH 8)
a. Minimum required free space
b. Minimum required free space for interstage cooling system A or B refer to Section 2.8.2.1.
c. connection 45 degr. for Grasso 210, 2110 and 310.
COMPRESSOR TYPE Grasso 210 310 410 610 810 2110 3110 4210 6210
Page 20
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.3.3 SHAFT END COMPRESSOR
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.3.4 SOUND RATING
General
In the following pages the sound characteristics are
stated in:
SWL (= sound power level)
Average sound power level of the compressor
block.
SPL (= sound pressure level)
The values are based on an average sound
pressure in free field above a reflecting plane at
a distance of 1 metre from a fictional frame
around the unit.
Values are based on compressor + electric motor
IP23 + oil separator
Both values SWL and SPL are applicable for for next
conditions of operation:
All cylinders in operation (full-load)
All refrigerants
Discharge pressure 13.5 bar(a)
For different discharge pressures from 13.5 bar (a)
the indicated sound power level values have to be
corrected by adding: C (pdis - 13.5) dB, where pdis
is the discharge pressure in bar(a) and C is a
constant which can be taken from the correction
factor table.
Conversion to sound pressure level
Provided so-called "free field" conditions may be
assumed (i.e. flat concrete floor and sound
reflecting surfaces sufficiently far away), both the
octave band and overall sound power level L
w
can
be converted to the corresponding sound pressure
level L
p
, appearing at a distance R from the
compressor centre, so on the surface of a imaginary
hemisphere with radius R. See figure below. The
conversion formula reads as follows:
L
p
= L
w
- 8 - 20logR
where: - L
p
= sound pressure level in dB, re 2x10
-5

N/m
2
- L
w
= sound power level in dB, re 10
-12
W
- R = distance (radius) in m (1.5).
Fig. 1.3-1 Hemisphere
Sound power-frequency characteristics
The data below shows the sound power level (
S.W.L. or Lw , expressed in dB, re 10
-12
W) as a
function of the octave band centre frequency for all
compressor types (number of cylinders) at different
speeds and at a discharge pressure of 13.5 bar(a).
The data represent the sound power emitted by the
compressor (body) only, so excluding the influence
of the electric motor and (V-belt) drive. Each
dB-value is the direct or derived result of accurate
laboratory measurements according to ISO 9614-1
and carried out by means of the latest sound
intensity analysing system, make Difa measuring
systems, type DSA 220C, software version
D-TAC200 3.30, together with a Microtech intensity
probe SIS90 and Microtech microphones MK290.
Legend
H hemisphere
F floor
C compressor
R radius
Page 22
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.3.4.1 SOUND DATA Grasso 10
Fig. 1.3-2 Fictional frame
Table 1.3-2 Sound levels (Pdis=13.5 bar(a))
Table 1.3-3 Correction factor
Table 1.3-4 Sound power levels at discharge
pressure 13.5 bar(a)
Qty
Cylinders
SWL SPL
speed (min-1)
700 1000 1250 1500 700 1000 1250 1500
2 78 78 85 86 63 63 70 71
3 81 81 88 88 66 66 73 73
4 84 85 90 90 69 70 75 75
6 86 89 93 92 71 74 78 77
8 89 92 96 96 73 76 80 80
Speed (min
-1
) <=1000 1250 1500
C(-) 0.5 0.58 0.62
speed
Number of
cylinders
Sound power level (S.W.L. or Lw) in dB, re 10
-12
W, Pdis = 13.5 Bar(a)
Octave bands
63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 RMS
min
-1
- dB dB(A)
700
2 71 70 78 76 78 73 70 62 78
3 72 71 80 80 80 75 72 64 81
4 73 73 82 83 83 77 75 67 84
6 74 74 85 87 85 79 77 69 86
8 73 76 87 91 88 81 79 72 89
1000
2 74 75 80 80 74 73 71 65 78
3 75 76 82 84 76 75 73 68 81
4 76 78 84 87 79 77 75 70 85
6 77 79 86 91 86 79 78 73 89
8 76 81 88 95 84 81 80 76 92
1250
2 80 82 86 83 85 76 72 68 85
3 81 83 88 86 87 78 74 71 88
4 82 85 90 90 90 80 77 73 90
6 83 86 92 94 92 82 79 76 93
8 82 88 95 98 95 83 82 78 96
1500
2 78 86 87 88 83 80 77 72 86
3 79 88 89 90 85 82 79 73 88
4 80 89 91 91 87 84 81 75 90
6 81 91 94 93 90 85 83 77 92
8 82 93 97 98 93 88 85 80 96
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.3.5 PART-LOAD POWER CONSUMPTION
General
To determine the allowed partload steps for the
design conditons and the corresponding partload
power consumption refer to software program
Comsel.
1.3.6 STARTING TORQUE
The electric motor driving the compressor
sometimes has to be checked for proper starting,
especially in the case of two-stage compressors.
For that purpose the "torque - speed characteristic"
of the compressor at fully unloaded starting
(suction valves of all cylinders lifted) is needed. This
torque M
a
, the trend of which is shown in the figure
overleaf, is built up of the following components:
M
l
= pull-out torque (or break-away torque),
required to initiate the movement of the crankshaft
after a period of compressor standstill. This torque,
only occurring at compressor speed zero, is a
constant for each compresor type.
M
w
= friction torque, resulting from the purely
mechanial losses in the crank mechanism. This
torque, acting during the entire starting period at a
constant value, only depends on the compressor
type and the oil temperature.
M
p
= pumping torque, due to the flow resistance in
the lifted suction valves. This torque is zero at zero
speed and increases continuously with speed during
the starting period, its magnitude being dependent
on the refrigerant, the number of cylinders and the
suction pressure according to the formulas:
for single-stage compressors:
M
ps
= 1.62 x 10
-6
(A p
o
+ B)z n
2
(N.m)
for two-stage compressors:
M
pt
= 1.62 x 10
-6
[A(z
L
po + z
H
p
m
) + B z]n
2
(N.m)
M
d
= pressure torque, only valid for two-stage
compressors to counterbalance the pressure
difference across the HP-pistons. This torque, only
occurring at zero compressor speed and depending
on the number of HP-cylinders and their disposition
relative to each other, can be written as follows:
M
d
= C(p
m
- p
o
) (N.m)
Meaning of symbols used:
z = total number of cylinders
z
L
= number of LP-cylinders
z
H
= number of HP-cylinders
A and B = pumping torque factors, only dependent
on the refrigerant
C (N.m/bar) = pressure torque factor, only
dependent on (two-stage) compressor type
p
o
(bar(a)) = suction pressure during compressor
starting
p
m
(bar(a)) = intermediate pressure during
compressor starting
n (min
-1
) = compressor speed, increasing from zero
to the chosen nominal operating speed.
The total M
a
-curve as a function of the speed n is
derived from the components in table below.
The M
a
-curve, thus obtained, has to be compared
with the corresponding torque - speed
characteristic of the selected electric drive motor, as
supplied by the motor manufacturer and after
being converted to the compressor shaft by
multiplying with the transmission ratio D/d, where
D and d are the nominal diameters of the flywheel
and the motor pulley respectively.
In the normal case of a squirrel cage motor with
star-delta starter, two torque - speed characteristics
M
m
(Y) and M
m
(D) have to be considered as shown
in the figure below.
The difference between M
m
and M
a
at any speed
(shaded area) represents the torque available for
accelerating the combination motor - compressor.
The intersection points I and II indicate respectively
the theoretical switch-over speed from star to delta
and the final unloaded compressor speed.
Page 24
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Fig. 1.3-3 Compressor torque and electric motor torque
- speed characteristics
1.3.6.1 TORQUES GRASSO 10
1.3.7 FREE FORCES AND MOMENTS
Free forces and moments are inertia forces and
their resulting moments, generated by not fully
balanced masses of the compressor main moving
parts (crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons).
As indicated in the adjacent figure there can be
distinguished horizontal and vertical free forces,
called H and V respectively, both acting in a vertical
plane I, which is perpendicular to the crankshaft
centre line at a distance L from the vertical centre
plane of the compressor foot on drive end.
Likewise, there are horizontal and vertical free
moments, called Mh and Mv and respectively acting
in a horizontal plane II and a vertical plane III, which
both pass through the crankshaft centre line.
Each free force and moment consists of a "primary"
component (see table below for the different
compressor types) with a frequency equal to the
compressor speed and a "secondary" component
with a frequency of double the compressor speed.
Speed interval n = 0 n 200/min 0 n 200/min
Single-stage
compressors
M
a
= M
l
M
a
= M
w
+
M
ps
M
a
is lineair from M
l

to M
w
+ M
ps
Two-stage
compressors
M
a
= M
l
+ M
d
M
a
= M
w
+
M
pt
M
a
is lineair from M
l
+
M
d
to M
w
+ M
pt
Compr.
type
Grasso
Total
number
of
cylinder
s
Number of
LP and HP
cylinders
Pull-out
torque
Friction
torque
at 55 C
oil
temp.
Pumping torque factors
Pressure
torque
factor A B
Z Z
L
Z
H
M
I
(N.m)
M
w

(N.m)
NH
3
R134a R22 R404A R507 NH
3
R134
a
R22 R404A R507 C (N.m/bar)
S
I
N
G
L
E
-
S
T
A
G
E
210 2 - - 19 17
0.762 4.875 4.193 5.100 5.209 0.155
0.50
0
0.511 0.300 0.178
-
310 3 - - 23 19 -
410 4 - - 24 21 -
610 6 - - 36 25 -
810 8 - - 50 30 -
T
W
O
-
S
T
A
G
E
2110 3 2 1 23 19
0.762 4.193 0.155 0.511
41
3110 4 3 1 24 21 41
4210 6 4 2 36 25 41
6210 8 6 2 50 30 57
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Fig. 1.3-4 Planes
1.3.7.1 FORCES AND MOMENTS
Legend
VPI vertical plane I
VPIII vertical plane III
HPII horizontal plane II
F flywheel end of compressor
CF centre line of compressor foot
CL center line crankshaft
L distance VPI and centre line compressor foot
Compr. type
Grasso
Free forces and moments
L

(
m
m
)
Forces H (horizontal) and V (vertical) in (N);
Moments M
h
(horizontal) and M
v
(vertical) in
(N.m)
a
a. 1 N = 0.102 kgf = 0.225 lbf; 1 N.m = 0.102 kgf.m = 0.738 lbf.ft.
Primary Secundary
1500 rpm
b
b. For different speed n (min-1), all forces and moments have to be multiplied by
(n/1500)
2
1500 rpm
210
Forces
H 0 0
o
n

r
e
q
u
e
s
t
V 0 617
Moments
M
h
162 0
M
v
162 12
310/2110
Forces
H 0 0
V 0 0
Moments
M
h
281 0
M
v
281 101
410/3110
Forces
H 0 916
V 0 0
Moments
M
h
0 0
M
v
0 17
610/4210
Forces
H 0 0
V 0 0
Moments
M
h
0 143
M
v
0 0
810/6210
Forces
H 0 0
V 0 0
Moments
M
h
0 0
M
v
0 0
Page 26
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.4 LIMITS OF OPERATION AND
FIELDS OF APPLICATION
1.4.1 GENERAL LIMITS AND FIELDS OF
OPERATION
When operating the compressor, none of the limits
of operation as stated in the table below must be
exceeded.
1
The diagrams overleaf represent the overall fields
of application in which the individual operation
limits are taken into account.
Table 1.4-1 General limits and fields of operation
1. In practice, it is not so much the individual operation limits as combinations of
them that are decisive for the conditions under which a compressor may
operate. To check the various possibilities in this respect, use should be made
of the "fields of application" ).
REFRIGERANT NH
3
R22 R134a R404A R507
Compressor speed n min
-1
min. 600
max. 1500
Suction pressure = evaporating pressure =crankcase
pressure
a
p
o
bar(a)
min. 0.3
max. 8.5
Intermediate pressure p
m
bar(a)
min. 0.3
max. 8.5
Evaporating temperature = saturation temperature
at suction pressure
t
o
C
min. -55 -63 -50 -68 -68
max. 19 17 33 10 10
Actual suction temperature t
a
C min. -50
Discharge pressure = condensing pressure
b
p
c
bar(a) max. 26.0
Condensing temperature = saturation temperature
at discharge pressure
t
c
C max. 60 63 79 55 54
Discharge temperature
c
t
e
C max. +170
Pressure ratio per stage (p
c
/p
o
or p
c
/p
m
or p
m
/p
o
)
d
j -
min. 1.1
max. 7.0 10.0
Pressure difference
e
Dp bar max. 25.0
Oil temperature in crankcase
f
t
oil
C
min. +20 +30
max.
depending on type of oil (Required oil viscosity >
10 cSt)
a. 1 bar = 10
5
N/m
2
= 100 kPa = 1.02 kgf/cm
2
= 14.5 psi.
b. This pressure is also the maximum allowable pre-set value of the HP safety switch. CAUTION!: When adjusting the HP and/or LP safety switch, care
should be taken that the pressure difference Dp=(P
C
-p
o
) never exceeds 25.0 bar.
c. This is the actual discharge temperature, measured directly in the gas flow just before the discharge connection. The given value also applies to the LP
stage of two-stage compressors.
d. Pressure ratio limits are not absolute but arbitrary values based on practical considerations.
e. The standard built-in overflow safety valve(s) between suction and discharge side has been factory-set to 25.0 >1.0 bar to prevent advanced opening
during normal operation at Dp = (p
c
- p
o
) 25.0 bar.
f. Indicated minimum value is the lowest oil temperature at which the compressor is allowed to be started. The maximum oil temperature depends on
the operating conditions of the compressor, the oil type used and (for halocarbon refrigerants only) the solubility of the refrigerant in the oil. A
minimum actual oil viscosity of 10 cSt is always required.
Page 28
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.4.2 FIELDS OF APPLICATION
SINGLE-STAGE AND BOOSTER
General
Application of part-load operation for a long period
of time and/or superheat > 0 K results into higher
discharge temperatures. Consequently the fields of
application for single-stage and booster
compressors will be reduced. So line t
e-max
will shift
downwards for NH
3
.
Symbols used in diagrams
t
o
= evaporating temperature
p
o
= evaporating pressure
t
c
= condensing temperature
p
c
= condensing pressure
Dt
o
= suction superheat
j = pressure ratio = (p
c
/ p
o
)
Dp = pressure difference = (p
c
- p
o
)
t
e,max
= maximum discharge temperature
= Line shift downwards for Dt
o
> 0 K and/or
part-load operation
Procedure and data
Diagrams in Section 1.4.2 are based on
continuous full-load operation, suction
superheat = 0K.
For continuous minimum part-load (i.e. more
than 30 minutes) consult Grasso.
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.4.2.1 DIAGRAMS Grasso 10
Fig. 1.4-1 Field of application NH
3
Fig. 1.4-2 Field of application R404A/R507
Fig. 1.4-3 Field of application R22
Fig. 1.4-4 Field of application R134a
Page 30
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.4.3 FIELDS OF APPLICATION TWO STAGE
General
The fields of application for two stage compressors
are (besides superheat and part-load operation)
very dependant on j(ratio LP/HP swept volume;
full-load and part-load can have different values).
Because each capacity control step can have a
different j, it is very important to check for every
control step (especially during starting up!) that the
compressor will run with-in its limits of operation.
Refer to Starting Up Procedure and Limitations of
Partload Operation
Symbols used in diagrams
t
o
= evaporating temperature
p
o
= evaporating pressure
t
c
p
c
= condensing pressure
t
m
= saturation intermediate temperature
j = pressure ratio = (p
c
/ p
o
, p
c
/ p
m
or p
m
/ p
o
)
Dp = pressure difference = (p
c
- p
o
)
t
e,max
= maximum discharge temperature
t
eH,max
= maximum discharge temperature HP
j = ratio LP/HP swept volume (full-load and
part-load can have different values)
= Line shift downwards for Dt
o
> 0 K and/or
part-load operation
Procedure and Data
Two stage fields of application are not valid for
all types of compressors and/or all part-load
steps.
All compressor types are included within the
total field of application.
Diagrams overleaf are based on LP and HP
suction superheat 0K resp. 10K.
For continous part-load (i.e. more than 30 minutes)
consult Grasso.
The Dummy diagram shows field of application
for different j's.
Shaded areas are fields of single-stage operation
(used and allowed only during starting up
compressor).
Each j has its own field of application (Example;
see dummy diagram j= X area)
j = 1 is "Fast Pull Down" capacity control step
(option), to be used during starting up
compressor only. Refer to starting up procedure
Fig. 1.4-5 Dummy diagram
Table 1.4-2 Dummy Diagram; Explanation two
stage field of application
1.4.3.1 FIELDS OF APPLICATION DIAGRAMS
GRASSO 10
Legend
J
max
/ t
e,max
Area on the right side of this line indicates the
single stage field of operation (starting up). This
line shifts down in case of continuous part-load
operation and/or (intermediate) superheat.
Superheat also results in limited part-load
operation.
t
eH,max
* / t
e,max
Maximum HP-discharge temperature (not
applicable for halocarbons). This line shifts down
in case of continuous part-load operation and/or
(intermediate) superheat. Superheat also results
in limited part-load operation.
j
Each j (phi) has its own field of appication. The
higher this value, the lower possible evaporating
temperature. For each capacity control step field
of application must be verified in relation with j.
P
o,min
Minimum suction pressure (evaporating)
t
m,max
Maximum intermediate pressure.
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Fig. 1.4-6 Field of application two-stage NH
3
Fig. 1.4-7 Field of application two-stage R404A and R507
Fig. 1.4-8 Field of application two-stage R22
1.4.4 LIMITATIONS OF PART-LOAD
OPERATION
General
The Monitron CR will control automatically all
full-load and part-load limitations (motor current,
optimum j etc.) for booster, single- and two-stage
compressors.
Limitations of part-load operation for single-stage
compressors
In the case of continuous single-stage part-load
operation of Grasso compressors with the
refrigerant NH
3
, not all standard capacity control
steps can be used under all operating conditions.
There is a limitation with respect to minimum
capacity, which, depending on the amount of
suction superheat, is determined by the maximum
discharge temperature of 170 C. This means that
the full-load field of application as shown in the
NH
3
- diagram, is reduced at top-left for part-load
operation in a way as indicated by the arrows in the
the relevant diagram.
This part-load restriction cannot be eliminated by
applying a cooling system on the cylinder head.
When, on the contrary, the refrigerants R134a, R22,
R404A and R507 are used for continuous
single-stage part-load operation of all standard
capacity control steps, the same operating
conditions are allowed as for full-load operation
with all cylinders energized. In other words, the
full-load fields of application, also remain valid for
Page 32
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
part-load operation down to and including the
standard minimum capacity step.
Only under very extreme conditions with respect to
ambient temperature (e.g. above approx. +40 C)
and/or suction superheat (e.g. more than approx.
30 K) the situation may occur that during part-load
operation the maximum discharge temperature of
170 C and/or the maximum oil temperature are/is
exeeded, which implies that in these cases it is not
permitted to switch off cylinders down to the
standard minimum capacity.
In such a case the oil temperature is the decisive
factor, the limitation mentioned before can be
avoided by applying an oil cooler. For these special
cases, always consult Grasso.
In general the rule is that, irrespective of refrigerant
and conditions of operation, it is never allowed to
run a compressor during a prolonged period of
time fully unloaded, i.e. with all cylinders switched
off.
When using a Grasso compressor equipped with a
standard capacity control such a situation is
impossible because then, apart from the starting
period, always one or more cylinders are
permanently connected to the control oil pressure.
Limitations of part-load operation for two-stage
compressors
From the diagrams, it appears that for two-stage
compressors the field of application depends not
only on the kind of refrigerant but also on the ratio
j of L.P. and H.P. swept volume.
This involves (since the standard capacity control
steps of the individual two-stage types have not
always the same j-value) that for the successive
capacity control steps of a certain compressor type
different fields of application may be valid. If this is
the case, the situation may occur that, when
cylinders are switched on or off under constant
(design) conditions of operation, the corresponding
working point (= combination of condensing
temperature t
c
and evaporating temperature t
o
)
lies outside one or more of the relevant fields of
application.
This implies that it is not allowed to use the part
load steps concerned, either on account of too high
a H.P. discharge temperature in case of NH
3
only
(working point lies to the left of the field of
application), or on account of too high a saturation
intermediate temperature / intermediate pressure
(working point to the right of the field of
application). In the case of electrical capacity
control, such disallowed part-load steps can easily
be avoided in actual practice for once and forever
by adapting accordingly the wiring diagram for
energizing the three-way solenoid valves.
Should hand-operated capacity control be applied,
however, the operator in the engine room has to
be well informed about the part-load steps that are
not allowed to be used and consequently about the
positions of the oil distributor handle that must be
avoided. It will be clear that ignorance and/or
negligence in this respect may easily lead to failures
and/or breakdowns. This is one of the reasons that
for two-stage compressors hand-operated capacity
control is forbidden.
Apart from the above-mentioned inadmissibility of
certain standard part-load control steps, care
should always be taken to ensure that the capacity
of two-stage compressors is never reduced to such
an extent that only H.P. cylinders remain operative.
For then the compressor would operate as a single-
stage machine, but under two-stage conditions,
which would result, in particular for NH
3
, in an
unacceptably high discharge temperature. This
restriction means that the three-way solenoid
valves should be wired so that, when the
compressor is running under design conditions, at
least one solenoid valve remains energized. Here
again the undesirability of hand-operated capacity
control becomes evident, for it would mean that, as
long as the compressor in running, one has to be
sure that the handle of the oil distributor is never
set to (starting) position 1.
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.4.5 STARTING UP OF TWO-STAGE
COMPRESSORS
General
The Monitron CR will control automatically all
full-load and part-load limitations (motor current,
optimum j etc.) for booster, single- and two-stage
compressors.
Procedure for starting from compressor standstill
In the case of two-stage compressors it is very
important that immediately after the period of
automatic fully unloaded start (ensured by the
corresponding three-way solenoid valve in the
control pressure supply line from the oil pump; only
one or more H.P. cylinders become operative, viz.
only those cylinders of which the suction valve
lifting mechanism is directly and permanently
connected to the control pressure supply of the oil
pump via the starting solenoid valve mentioned.
This means that during starting none of the
three-way solenoid valves for the capacity control
are allowed to be energized.
Procedure to move on to two-stage operation and
to increase capacity.
Once properly started, as indicated in the previous
paragraph, the compressor has to be switched over
to two-stage operation with minimum capacity,
followed, if and when required, by gradual
stepping up to maximum capacity.
The procedure thereby to be applied depends on
the installation operating conditions during starting
which give rise to two distinct possibilities, viz.:
1. The compressor is started at low evaporating
temperatures, this being approx. the (design)
value during normal (full-load) operation.
This situation occurs after the compressor has
been stopped for a certain period of time
because of low capacity requirements of the
installation. Under these circumstances it is
permitted to switch over to the two-stage
part-load step of minimum capacity immediately
after proper starting with H.P. cylinders in
operation.
In the case of NH
3
, this is even a necessity, for
otherwise the compressor would be running in
single-stage under two-stage conditions,
resulting in too high a discharge temperature.
2. The compressor is started at a relatively high
evaporating temperature, that is to say much
higher than under design conditions and in any
case not suitable for two-stage operation.
Such a situation may occur after a prolonged
period of compressor standstill or when the
compressor operates on a batch type freezing
tunnel, just loaded with warm products. Under
these circumstances it is not permitted to switch
over to two-stage operation with minimum
capacity until the H.P. cylinders already in
operation have lowered (in single-stage) the
evaporating temperature to so much that the
corresponding working point at the condensing
temperature t
c
, lies inside the field of application
of the two-stage minimum part-load step
concerned. Only then, after this step has been
energized, the saturation intermediate
temperature t
m
will be below its maximum
value. Consequently, the maximum value of t
o
at
which it is allowed to switch over to two-stage
operation, is determined by the intersection of
the near-vertical line which represents the right
hand limitation of the relevant field of
application and the horizontal line which
represents the condensing temperature t
c
.
Likewise, during further stepping up to
maximum capacity, the evaporating
temperature has to be pulled down by each
intermediate part-load step so far that the
corresponding working point at given
condensing temperature lies each time just
inside the field of application of the next
part-load step of higher capacity, before that
step is energized.
Fast pull-down part-load control steps
When using the standard capacity control steps of
the two-stage compressor types, the pull-down
procedure to achieve full-load operation at design
conditions, as described in the previous paragraph,
is rather often very time consuming. This is due to
the fact that all compressor types are always started
with only one HP cylinder in operation and that the
minimum LP/HP swept volume ratio for any
part-load step is j = 2.
Therefore, for all Grasso two-stage types a fast pull-
down electric capacity control system has been
developed, which allows the compressors to be
started with two or more HP cylinders in operation
and which includes one or more part-load steps
with volume ratio j = 1.
Page 34
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.5 LUBRICATING OILS (choice and
recommendations)
For lubrication of refrigeration compressors, several
brands and types of specially developed lubricating
oils are on the market. The choice of oil depends
not only on its good lubrication properties
(viscosity) and chemical stability at the operating
conditions of the compressor, but also on the
operating conditions of the refrigerating plant
(solidifying and floc point, solubility).
Grasso has tested and approved for use in its
reciprocating-compressors the brands and types of
oil as listed in Table 1.5-2.
The choice of the viscosity of the lubricating oil
depends on the operating conditions of the
compressor.
The oil viscosity should always be more than 10 cSt
(based on bearing construction requirements of the
compressor). For the selection of the oil viscosity
grade number, refer to Table 1.5-1 below.
A higher viscosity should be chosen, when a high oil
temperature is expected, due to arduous operating
condition such as:
high evaporating temperature;
large superheat of the refrigerant suction
vapour;
prolonged part-load operation with a large
number of cylinders cut-out;
a high surrounding temperature;
large pressure ratio.
Remark
For the oil types mentioned below, applied with the
refrigerants R22, NH
3
and R134a, the minimum
requirement of the actual oil viscosity of 10 cSt is
fulfilled, but only when the maximum oil
temperature as mentioned in the Table 1.5-1 below
is not exceeded.
Table 1.5-1 Oil selection table
Example: R22, t
o,max
= 0
o
C): recommended oil type is ISO VG100. NH
3

under normal operating conditions, oil type with ISO VG68 is
recommended.
Table 1.5-2 Recommended oil types for Grasso
reciprocating compressors - NH
3
Some of the oil types listed in this table may be marketed under other
names and/or designations; these oils can also be used, provided their
identity can be proved beyond any doubt. Application of other oils is
not permitted without the written consent of Grasso.
Max. allowable
evaporating
temperature
t
o,max
(C)
Maximum allowable
crankcase oil
temperature
a
a. Data based on minimum oil viscosity of 10 cSt at the bearing surfaces,
which is derived from the oil type, solubility of the regrigerant in the oil
(halocarbon refrigerants only) and operating conditions. Assumed is that
the oil temperature at the bearing surfaces = 6 K above crankcase oil
temperature.
ISO VG-number
46 68 100
R
e
f
r
i
g
e
r
a
n
t

u
s
e
d
b
b. In case of other refrigerants always contact the oil supplier in advance for
advise
NH
3
- 73 80
c
c. Recommended ISO VG-numbered oil.
88
R22
-64 72 80
c
88
-30 69 78
c
86
-20 67 76
c
84
c
-10 65 74
c
82
c
0 60 71 78
c
+10 52 65 74
c
R134a, R507,
R404A
-50 - 88
c
94
-30 - 85
c
92
-20 - 83
c
91
-10 - 81
c
90
c
0 - 76 87
c
+10 - 68 84
c
Refrigerant
used
Brand Type designation
ISO VG
number
a
a. Viscosity grade number designation according to ISO Standard 3448.
N
H
3
CPI CP-1009-68
b
b. For NH3 only! Strongly recommended for NH
3
with discharge temp. > 120
o
C
100-68
PETRO CANADA
Reflo 68a
b
68
Reflo 68A
b
Page 36
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Table 1.5-3 Accepted oil types for Grasso
reciprocating compressors
Some of the oil types listed in this table may be marketed under other
names and/or designations; these oils can also be used, provided their
identity can be proved beyond any doubt. Application of other oils is
not permitted without the written consent of Grasso.
Refrigerant
used
ISO VG
number
a
N
H
3

a
n
d

R
2
2
AVIA Avilub FC 46/68
b
BP
Energol LPT-F 46 46
Energol LPT-F 68 68
CASTROL Icematic 299
b
CPI
Recommeded!
CP-1009-68
c b
(NH
3
only!)
ELF Elfrima FR 68
b
ESSO
Zerice 46 46
Zerice 68 68
Zerice 46 46
Zerice 68 68
FINA Purfrigol MP 68 68
FUCHS
KC 46 46
KC 68 68
KROON OIL Carsinus FC 46/68
b
MOBIL Arctic oil 300
b
PETRO CANADA
Recommended!
Reflo 68a
b
(NH
3
only!)
Reflo 68A
b
Q 8
StravinksyB
b
Stravinsky C
b
SHELL
Clavus 46 46
Clavus 68 68
Clavus G 46 46
Clavus G 68 68
Clavus G 100 100
SUN-OIL
Suniso 3.5 GS
b
Suniso 4 GS
b
Suniso 5 GS
b
Suniso 4 SA
b
(NH
3
only!)
TEXACO Capella WF 68 68
TOTAL Lunaria S 46/68
b
R
1
3
4
a
/
R
4
0
4
A
/
R
5
0
7
CASTROL
Icematic SW 68 68
Icematic SW 100 100
CPI
Solest 68
b
Solest 120
b
DEA
Triton SE 55
b
Triton SE 80
b
Triton SE 120
b
ELF
Planetelf ACD 68
b
Planetelf ACD 100
b
FINA
Purfrigol ST VG 68
b
Purfrigol ST VG 100
b
FUCHS
Reniso E 68 68
Reniso E 100 100
ICI
Emkarte RL 685
b
Emkarte RL 100S
b
MOBIL
EAL Arctic 68
b
EAL Arctic 100
b
SHELL
Clavus R68
b
Clavus R100
b
SUN-OIL Suniso Excel
b
TEXACO
Capella HFC 68 68
Capella HFC 100 100
a. Viscosity grade number designation according to ISO Standard 3448.
b. Consult your oil supplier to determine the maximum allowable oil
temperature at an oil viscosity of 10 cSt, under prevailing operating
conditions and refrigerant used.
c. For NH3 only! Strongly recommended for NH
3
with discharge temp. > 120
o
C
Refrigerant
used
ISO VG
number
a
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.6 DESIGN DETAILS OF
COMPRESSOR
1.6.1 COMPRESSOR HOUSING (Fig. 1.6-1
and Fig. 1.6-2)
Fig. 1.6-1 Design of bare compressor (Grasso 4210)
Legend
A Cylinder head cover
B Intermediate bearing
C Relief valve
D HP discharge connection
E Discharge line
F Suction gas filter
G Suction connection
H Suction line
I Bearing cover
J Control oil pressure regulator
K Oil charge valve
L Oil discharge filter
M Oil pump housing
N Oil pump
O Oil sight glass
P Plugged off connection for crankcase heater
Q Oil suction filter
R Thrust bearing
S Sleeve for crankcase heater
T Cylinder jacket
U Oil drain connection
V Service cover
W Crankcase
X Control cylinder valve lifting mechanism
Legend
Page 38
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Fig. 1.6-2 Design of bare compressor (Grasso 4210)
The compressor housing is of welded steel
construction and comprises the crankcase and the
cylinder jackets. In the lower part of each cylinder
jacket, an interchangeable cylinder liner is provided.
The annular space between cylinder liner and jacket
serves as suction chamber. The discharge chamber
is formed by the upper part of the cylinder jacket
shut off by the cylinder head cover.
Legend
A Relief valve
B Buffer spring
C HP discharge connection
D HP Suction connection
E LP Discharge connection
F Suction connection
G Suction gas filter housing
H Suction and discharge valve assembly
I Cylinder liner
J Connecting rod
K Bearing cover
L Crank shaft
M Rotary shaft seal
N Shaft seal housing
O Plug (oil return orifice)
P Piston
Q Valve lifting mechanism
Legend
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
The crankshaft runs in bearings at either end of the
crankcase. The covers also carry the rotary shaft seal
housing and the oil pump housing. In the case of
compressors whose crankshaft is provided with
intermediate bearings, one or more supports for
the bearing blocks are welded to the crankcase.
A certain level of oil is always contained in the
crankcase for lubrication purposes.
To determine the oil level, a sight glass is located on
oil pump side of the compressor.
All compressors are fitted with a crankcase heater
connection.
The oil which is separated in the suction chamber
from the refrigerant vapour can flow back to the
crankcase via a small orifice inside a plug. This plug
is fitted between suction chamber and crankcase in
the lower supporting ring of the cylinder liner. The
plugs fitted in the HP-cylinders of two-stage
compressors are not provided with an orifice.
The crankcase interior is accessible via one or more
service covers provided on both sides of the
crankcase.
1.6.2 CYLINDERS AND MOVING PARTS
The cylinders are formed by interchangeable,
centrifugally cast iron cylinder liners pressed into
the cylinder jackets. The collar on top of the
cylinder liner is provided with openings and acts as
a seat for the suction valve ring.
In the cylinder liners light metal pistons are located,
on which compression rings and 1 oil scraper ring
are fitted.
The connecting rods have a split-type big end, in
which precision bearing shells are positioned.
To provide bearing for the gudgeon pin, a bush, or,
in the case of HP cylinders of two-stage
compressors, two needle bearings are pressed into
the small end bore.
The nodular cast iron crankshaft is mounted in slide
bearings consisting of interchangeable, one-piece
bushes pressed into the bearing covers.
Intermediate bearings are built up of split-type
bearing shells located in bearing blocks.
The axial crankshaft thrust is taken up by a special
heavy duty thrust bearing on the oil pump end,
consisting of a rotational steel disc, fitted onto the
crankshaft, and a stationary steel ring. The sliding
surface of this ring is coated with a wear-resistant
layer and has separately fed oil chambers.
The crankshaft is dynamically balanced. The shaft
end with key, for taking up flywheel or coupling, is
carried by the bearing and maintained gastight by
the shaft seal.
1.6.3 ROTARY SHAFT SEAL
In order to maintain gastightness, the compressor is
provided with a special rotary shaft seal, the parts
of which are retained in a housing mounted against
the bearing cover on the driving end.
The seal between rotating and stationary parts is
effected by the sliding surface between a stationary
ring fitted in the shaft seal housing and a rotating
slip ring fitted on the crankshaft.
For this purpose the sliding surface of both slip rings
is ground to extreme finish and lapped.
The slip ring is carried by the slip ring holder and
forms an integral part of the rotary seal assembly.
This assembly consists of the slip ring holder with
insert, a metal bellows and a drive collar.
O-rings are provided to ensure the sealing between
the rotary seal assembly and shaft seal housing and
between the counter-slip ring and crankshaft.
To remove frictional heat developed by the slip
rings, the shaft seal is incorporated in the relatively
cool main stream of the lubricating oil circuit.
1.6.3.1 ROTARY SHAFT SEAL DIAGRAM
Fig. 1.6-3 Rotary shaft seal
Page 40
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Table 1.6-1
1.6.4 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVES
The suction and discharge valves of the compressor
are of the ring type. They contain valve rings kept
in closed position under spring tension. The lift of
the valve rings is limited by the stroke limitor.
The suction valve consists of one synthetic valve ring
with sinusoidal spring(s) mounted, between the
collar of the cylinder liner and the stroke limitor.
The stroke limitor of the suction valve is centred by
the collar of the cylinder liner.
The discharge valve consists of a valve seat and a
stroke limitor fixed together by means of a central
bolt and between which valve ring(s), with
sinusoidal spring(s), are placed concentrically. The
whole assembly is pressed onto the collar of the
cylinder liner by a powerful buffer spring. This
buffer spring prevents serious damage to the
compressor due to any incidental slight liquid
hammer.
1.6.4.1 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVES
DIAGRAM
Fig. 1.6-4 Suction and discharge valve assembly
Legend
1 Shaft seal housing
2 Screw
3 Rotary seal assembly
4 Metal bellows
5 Stationary counterslip ring
6 O-ring
7 Oil leakage drain of rotary shaft seal
8 Drive collar
9 Crankshaft
10 Bearing bush
11 Bearing cover
A Internal lubricating system
B Clean lubricating oil, direct from oil pump
Left side of picture = compression, Right side = suction
1 Discharge valve ring
2 Cylinder liner/suction valve seat
3 Suction chamber
4 Suction valve ring with sinusoidal spring
5 Discharge valve/stroke limitor/spring cup
6 Discharge chamber
7 Buffer spring
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.6.5 VALVE-LIFTING MECHANISM
Fig. 1.6-5 Valve-lifting mechanism
In order to enable the compressor to start fully
unloaded, all cylinders are put out of action
mechanically by suction valve ring lifting. The
cylinder liner is provided with push pins capable of
lifting the suction valve ring from its seat via
openings in the collar of the cylinder liner. A cam
ring is provided in each cylinder, which can turn
around the cylinder liner.
By turning the cam ring the push pins can move
upwards (against spring tension) or downwards.
The cam ring is is connected to a spring loaded
control piston via a flexible shaft.
The cam ring can rotate by means of an axial guide
pin which in turn is driven by the piston in a
hydraulic cylinder on the outside of the cylinder
jacket. The piston can be moved inwards against
spring tension by the oil pressure from the oil
pump.
At compressor standstill there is no oil pressure and
the control piston is forced outwards by the spring
tension and turns the cam ring in a position which
causes the push pins to lift the suction valve ring.
After the compressor has been started, oil pressure
energizes the control piston which moves the
piston inward and rotates the cam ring via the
flexible shaft so that the push pins move
downwards by spring tension.
The suction valve ring then descends on to its seat
and the cylinder is in operation.
The valve-lifting mechanism is also used for capacity
control by succesively cutting in or out cylinders or
cylinder groups, which is controlled either manually
or electrically.
Because there is only oil pressure after the
compressor has been started, fully unloaded
starting of the compressor is ensured, i.e. ALL
suction valves rings are lifted.
1.6.6 PRINCIPAL CONNECTIONS, GAS
SUCTION FILTER AND PRESSURE
EQUALIZING
The suction and discharge chambers of the cylinders
are connected into a single suction and discharge
connection with flange, with which the compressor
is coupled to the refrigerating plant.
The (LP) suction connection is located on the
suction filter housing on the oil pump side of the
compressor, in which one removable suction filter is
provided for filtering the intake refrigerant gas. In
the case of two-stage compressors, an extra LP
discharge and HP suction connection is provided,
which can be interconnected via an interstage
cooler.
The HP suction connection requires an externally
mounted suction gas filter (available as an
accessory from Grasso).
Picture shows cylinder not in operation (suction valve ring
lifted)
1 Suction valve ring
2 Spring
3 Push pin
4 Piston housing
5 Spring
6 Control oil pressure
7 Piston
8 Flexible shaft
9 Guide pin
10 Cam ring
Page 42
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
Between suction filter housing and crankcase an
equalizing line is provided in order to prevent the
crankcase pressure from rising due to piston
leakage. Consequently, the crankcase pressure is
equal to suction pressure for single-stage as well as
for two-stage compressors. All principal
connections have nipples for connecting the lines of
pressure gauges and pressure safety switches or in
case of an electronic control device (Monitron CR)
for connecting the lines of pressure and
temperature sensor elements.
1.6.7 RELIEF VALVES
In order to prevent excessive pressure difference in
the compressor, one or more relief valves
(dependent on compressor type) are provided.
In case of single-stage compressors these counter
pressure dependent type of relief valves act on the
difference between discharge and suction pressure.
In case of two-stage compressors counter pressure
dependent type of relief valves act on the
difference between intermediate and suction
pressure (LP-stage). For the HP-stage always a
counter pressure independent type of relief valve
will be applied
To comply with certain regulations a counter
pressure independent type of relief valve is
available (optional).
The valves are fitted externally against the
crankcase housing. The relief valves are
spring-loaded valves adjusted at the works.
1.6.8 OIL PUMP AND FILTERS
The direct-driven oil pump is fitted on the bearing
cover opposite the compressor driving end. The oil
pump housing accommodates the pump element
and two adjustable oil pressure regulators.
The oil pump supplies, besides the lubricating oil
pressure, a separate control oil pressure for
actuating the valve-lifting mechanisms, mounted
on each cylinder to obtain unloaded starting and
for capacity control.
The oil suction and discharge filters are fitted
externally to the oil pump housing. The oil suction
and oil discharge filter elements are
spring-mounted inside their housings. In case the
pressure difference over the filter element exceeds
the maximum value, the filter element will be lifted
from its seat against spring pressure and the oil
by-passes the filter element.
Fig. 1.6-6 Oil pump, oil filters and oil pressure regulators
1.6.8.1 OIL PUMP AND FILTERS DIAGRAM
Legend
1 Oil suction filter
2 Oil discharge filter
3 Pump element
4 Oil pump housing and bearing cover
5 Lubricating oil pressure regulator
6 Control oil pressure regulator
A Oil suction from crankcase
B
Control oil pressure to valve lifting mechanisms for unloaded
starting and capacity control
C Return of excess oil to crankcase
D
Oil discharge to shaft seal and lubrication system via internal
line
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
1.6.9 CONTROL AND LUBRICATION OIL
SYSTEM (Fig. 1.6-6 and Fig. 1.6-7)
Fig. 1.6-7 Control and lubricating oil system
The oil is drawn from the crankcase via the oil
suction filter. The pressures delivered by the pump
are controlled by a control oil pressure regulator
together with a lubricating oil pressure regulator at
the beginning of the lubrication system just before
the oil discharge filter.
The pump discharge pressure, which is the control
pressure is determined by the built-in control oil
pressure regulator; excess oil flows to the
lubricating oil pressure regulator. This regulator
acts as relief valve from which excess oil is returned
to the crankcase.
Legend
1 From lubricating system
2 Return of excess oil to crankcase via internal bore
3
Internal line for oil supply to shaft seal and lubrication
system
4 Oil discharge filter housing
5 Oil pump housing
6 Oil pump element
7 Steel disk
8 Stationary trust bearing ring
9 Measure point of oil pressure
10 Bearing cover
1 Oil suction filter
2 Oil pump
3 Control oil pressure regulator
4 External oil pressure line(s) to valve lifting mechanism(s)
5 Piston housing of valve lifting mechanism
6 Lubricating oil pressure regulator
7 Oil discharge filter
8
Internal oil pressure line for oil supply to shaft seal and
lubrication system
9 Shaft seal housing
10 Measure point of oil pressure at the end of lubrication system
11 Thrust bearing
12 Oil sump
A Control oil pressure
B Oil lubricating pressure
C Crankase pressure
Page 44
Grasso
COMPRESSOR
ED10/v005
The oil available between the control oil pressure
regulator and lubricating oil pressure regulator
flows to the lubrication system via the oil discharge
filter. The lubrication of the compressor is effected
under pressure. The pump delivers the oil via a
discharge filter and an internal oil supply line to the
shaft seal housing.
From this housing the oil flows into the crankshaft,
in which a continuous oil channel has been drilled,
provided with radially drilled oilways in the
bearings.
The connecting rods also have an internal oil
channel through which the oil is supplied to the
small end bearings. Sufficient lubrication of the
cylinder walls is ensured by splash lubrication.
The thrust bearing at the oil pump end of the
crankshaft is also lubricated.
As well as its lubricating function, the oil has a
cooling function, especially for the rotary shaft seal,
the amount of circulating oil is considerably more
than that required for lubrication. This excess is fed
back into the crankcase via four oil ways in the
stationary thrust bearing ring and a separate bore
inside the bearing cover.
A connection for measuring the lubricating oil
pressure at the end of lubrication oil system is
located at the outside of the bearing cover just
above the oil pump housing.
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2. DESCRIPTION AND SELECTION OF ACCESSORIES
2.1 CAPACITY CONTROL SYSTEMS
2.1.1 SURVEY CAPACITY CONTROL
SYSTEMS AND UNLOADED START
General
Capacity control of the compressor will be enabled
by lifting the suction valves, by means of the control
oil pressure from the oil pump. One of the options
mentioned below is compulsory.
One of the options must be applied;
Electric (compulsory for two-stage compressors);
Standard (recommended for single-stage and
booster compressors)
'Fast pull down' (FPD); obligatory for R404A
and R507 applications; recommended for all
two-stage compressors
Manual (Not allowed for two-stage
compressors)
In case manual or electric capacity control is
applied, fully unloaded starting of the compressor is
ensured.
Unloaded start
Fully unloaded compressor starting is enabled by
energizing the solenoid valve for unloaded
starting, which is an Normally Open valve in
contrast with the solenoid valves for capacity
control which are Normally Closed.
This NO-solenoid valve has to be energized when
starting the electric motor and has to be
De-energized when the compressor is running and
the specified lubricating oil pressure is reached, by
means of the star delta switch of electric motor
when electric motor switches from star to delta or
by means of an auxiliary time relay.
Time relay and/or star-delta switch are not included
(time relay is built-in in Monitron CR).
After fully unloaded compressor starting, this
solenoid valve must be DE-engergized allowing
control oil pressure to the control pistons of these
cylinders and causing these cylinders to become
operative automatically.
In the case of single-stage compressors, they are at
the same time the minimum number of cylinders
that must always remain energized during
continuous operation.
For two-stage compressors only HP cylinders are
involved, which, however, do not at the same time
represent the minimum capacity.
The other cylinders can be energized or
de-energized in one or more steps in a standard
sequence for each type of compressor.
Summary wiring logic NO-unloaded start
solenoid:
If compessor is NOT running then NO-solenoid is
not energized.
If compressor starts then NO-solenoid is
energized until star-delta switch switches from
star to delta or by means of an auxiliary time
relay.
De-energize NO-solenoid after the specified
lubricating pressure is reached, OR a maximum of
30 seconds after starting the compressor.
If compressor is running then NO-solenoid is
NOT energized.
Page 46
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.1.2 ELECTRIC CAPACITY CONTROL AND
FAST PULL DOWN (FPD)
General
Electric capacity control is compulsory if Monitron
CR is applied and is included in the standard scope
of supply for two stage compressors.
Procedure and data
Refer to diagrams and figures below.
The possible control steps and the number of
solenoid valves depends on type of compressor
Standard scope of supply
One NO-solenoid valve (with LED indicator) for
unloaded starting (mounted).
A number of NC- solenoid valves (each with LED
indicator; mounted).
Oil pressure lines (mounted).
Options (for two-stage compressors only)
Fast Pull Down control system
FPD is compulsory for R404A and R507.
The standard starting procedure which is
contained in the standard electrical capacity
control, is only suitable if the compressor is being
started at design evaporating temperature.
In case the compressor has to start frequently
with high evaporating temperatures (batch
freezing, etc), fast pull down capacity control is
necessary to avoid that the compressor runs
continuously in part-load.
2.1.2.1 General diagram of electrically
operated capacity control
Legend
A Top view of compressor
B Valve lifting mechanism
C oil return to crankcase
D oil pump
E electrical wiring to start/delta switch of the motor
G solenoid valve for unloaded starting (NO)
H supply of oil pressure
J solenoid valve(s) for capacity control (NC)
NO Normally Open
NC Normally Closed
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.1.2.2 DIAGRAMS Grasso 10
Table 2.1-1 Solenoid valve/cylinder numbering for
capacity control
Table 2.1-2 Capacity control steps
C
o
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p
r
.

t
y
p
e

G
r
a
s
s
o
H
P

c
i
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n
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r
s

N
o
.
Cylinder number/ solenoid valves
NC
a
a. NC= Normally closed
NO
b
b. NO= Normally open
NC
a
FPD
c
c. FPD= Fast Pull Down
UNL
d
d. UNL= Unloaded starting
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3
210 - - 1 2 - -
310 - - 1 3 2 -
410 - - 1 + 2 3 4 -
610 - - 1 + 2 5 3 + 4 6
810 - - 1 + 2 6 3 + 4 5 + 7 +8
2110 1 - 1 2 + 3 - -
2110FPD 1 3 1 2 - -
3110 2 - 2 1 + 3 4 -
3110FPD 2 1 2 3 4 -
4210 2-4 - 2 1 + 3 4 + 5 6
4210FPD 2-4 4 2 1 + 3 5 6
6210 2-4 - 2 1 + 6
4 + 5 + 7
+ 8
3
6210FPD 2-4 4 2 1 + 6 5 + 7 + 8 3
C
o
m
p
r
.

t
y
p
e
G
r
a
s
s
o
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
%
a
R
e
m
a
r
k
s
C
y
l
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n
d
e
r
s
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
s
j
b
210
50 - 1 - -
100 - 1+2 1 -
310
33 - 1 - -
67 - 1+3 1 -
100 - 1+2+3 1+2 -
410
50 - 1+2 - -
75 - 1+2+3 1 -
100 - 1+2+3+4 1+2 -
610
33 - 1+2 - -
50 - 1+2+5 1 -
67 - 1+2+3+4 2 -
83 - 1+2+3+4+5 1+2 -
100 - 1+2+3+4+5+6 1+2+3 -
810
25 - 1+2 - -
37 - 1+2+6 1 -
50 - 1+2+3+4 2 -
62 - 1+2+3+4+6 1+2 -
75 - 1+2+5+6+7+8 1+3 -
87 -
1+2+3+4+5+7+
8
2+3 -
100 -
1+2+3+4+5+6+
7+8
1+2+3 -
2110
0
starting
only
1 - 0.0
100 - 1+2+3 1 2.0
2110 +
FPD
c
0
starting
only
1 - 0.0
50
starting
only
1+3 FPD 1.0
100 - 1+2+3 1+FPD 2.0
3110
0
starting
only
2 - 0.0
67 - 1+2+3 1 2.0
100 - 1+2+3+4 1+2 3.0
3110 +
FPD
0
starting
only
2 - 0.0
33
starting
only
1+2 FPD 1.0
67 - 1+2+3 1+FPD 2.0
100 - 1+2+3+4 1+2+FPD 3.0
4210
0
starting
only
2 - 0.0
50 - 1+2+3 1 2.0
75 - 1+2+3+6 1+3 3.0
100 - 1+2+3+4 1+2+3 2.0
4210 +
FPD
0
starting
only
2 - 0.0
25
starting
only
d 2+4 FPD 0.0
50
starting
only
1+2+3+4 1+FPD 1.0
50 - 1+2+3 1 2.0
75 - 1+2+3+4+6 1+3+FPD 1.5
75 - 1+2+3+6 1+3 3.0
100 - 1+2+3+4+5+6 1+2+3+FPD 2.0
C
o
m
p
r
.

t
y
p
e
G
r
a
s
s
o
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
%
a
R
e
m
a
r
k
s
C
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l
i
n
d
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r
s
S
o
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n
o
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d
s
j
b
Page 48
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
6210
0
starting
only
2 - 0.0
33 - 1+2+6 1 2.0
50 - 1+2+3+6 1+3 3.0
67 - 2+3+4+5+7+8 2+3 2.0
83 -
1+2+4+5+6+7+
8
1+2 2.5
100 -
1+2+3+4+5+6+
7+8
1+2+3 3.0
6210 +
FPD
0
starting
only
2 - 0.0
0
starting
only
2+4 FPD 0.0
33
starting
only
1+2+4+6 1+FPD 1.0
33 - 1+2+6 1 2.0
50 - 1+2+3+4+6 1+3+FPD 1.5
50 - 1+2+3+6 1+3 3.0
67 - 2+3+4+5+7+8 2+3+FPD 2.0
83 -
1+2+4+5+6+7+
8
1+2+FPD 2.5
100 -
1+2+3+4+5+6+
7+8
1+2+3+FPD 3.0
a. Refers to the swept volume expressed as a percentage of the full-load swept
volume for single stage compressors, resp. LP full-load swept volume for
two-stage compressors.
b. Number of LP/ Number of HP cylinders
c. FPD compressor; incl. Fast Pull Down (optional)
d. FPD=Fast Pull Down step only;
C
o
m
p
r
.

t
y
p
e
G
r
a
s
s
o
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
%
a
R
e
m
a
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k
s
C
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i
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r
s
S
o
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n
o
i
d
s
j
b
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.1.3 MANUAL CAPACITY CONTROL
General
Instead of the recommended electric capacity
control in combination with the Monitron CR, a
manual operated capacity control system can be
delivered for single stage and booster compressors.
Electrical supply still required for solenoid valve(s).
Manual capacity control system is equal to standard
electric control system with as extra an electric
capacity control switch.
Capacity control steps are equal to electric capacity
control.
Procedure and data
Monitron CR is not applied.
Standard electric capacity control.
Electric capacity control switch.
Fig. 2.1-1 Diagram of manually operated capacity
control system
Legend
A Top view of compressor
B Valve lifting mechanism
C oil return to crankcase
D oil pump
E electrical wiring to start/delta switch of the motor
Page 50
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
G solenoid valve for unloaded starting (NO)
H supply of oil pressure
J solenoid valve(s) for capacity control (NC)
NO Normally Open
NC Normally Closed
ES Electric capacity control switch
Legend
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.2 CONTROLS, SAFETIES, GAUGES
AND SWITCHES
2.2.1 MONITRON CR CONTROL DEVICE
General
Grasso can supply a solid state
microprocessor-based control device for
monitoring, protecting and controlling
compressors.
See Fig. 2.2-1 below and Fig. 2.2-2 overleaf.
Data
Limitations:
Protection Class IP55.
Ambient temperature between +0 and
+55 C.
Relative humidity between 0 and 95%.
Features:
Display of all relevant operating parameters.
Automatic start/stop.
Sequence control.
Capacity control, based on a pressure or
temperature signal. The accessory "Electric
capacity control" is necessary.
Controlling all individual limits of operation of
the compressor.
Real time clock with battery back-up.
Data storage in EEPROM.
Alarm history file for the last 20 alarms.
Computer communication via MPC (option).
Sensor failure detection.
Emergency stop button (3).
Built-in time relay for unloaded starting.
Password protection.
Main input signals
1 Imot; motor current (optional)
2 Olev; oil level (optional)
3 Pcrk; crankcase pressure
4 Pdis; discharge pressure
5 Pext; external pressure (optional)
6 Pint; LP discharge intermediate pressure
7 Poil; oil pressure
8 Psuc; suction pressure
9 Tcil; cylinder head temperature protection
(optional)
10 Text; external temperature (optional)
11 Tdis; discharge temperature
12 Tinh; HP suction intermeditate temperature
13 Tint; LP discharge intermediate temperature
14 Toil; oil temperature in crankcase
15 Tsep; oil temperature in oil separator (optional)
16 Tsuc; suction temperature
Additional input signals (optional)
External safety, External start, motor temperature
protection, start/delta switch.
Main output signals
1 Cap; capacity control
2 FPD; fast pull down
3 Inj; injection solenoid valve (interstage cooling
system (Ecotron) A/B
4 Oret; oil return protection (optional)
5 Unl; unloaded starting
Additional output signals
Alarm, Start, Running, Start request.
Standard scope of supply (Fig. 2.2-2)
Steel cabinet (2) including the electronic control
unit.
Terminal unit (keyboard/display; 1), connected
to the cabinet.
Console (4).
Pressure transducers and temperature sensors
(mounted and wired).
1
Wiring of three-way solenoid valves of electrical
capacity control and unloaded start.
Discharge pressure safety switch(es) (Refer to
table below)
All cabling and wiring of components and
accessories which are built together with the
compressor or package.
1. Grasso can supply compressors with sensors only, without control unit and
display.
Page 52
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Fig. 2.2-1 Monitron CR control device
Options
Motor current transducer (supplied loose).
External pressure sensor (supplied loose).
External temperatur sensor incl. signal
transducer PT1000/4-20mA) (supplied loose).
Pressure safety switch system according to
UVV-VBG20 (mounted on suction filter housing).
Monitron Protocol Converter (MPC; supplied
loose).
1 Terminal unit with keyboard and display
2 Steel cabinet containing the control unit
3 Emergency stop button
4 Console for terminal unit
5 Communication cable
6
Cable entries of e.g. power supply, temperature and pressure
signals, etc.
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Fig. 2.2-2 Schematic flow diagram
1 two-stage compressor
2 interstage cooling system A, B, C or D
3 oil separator
4 LP suction header
5 LP discharge header
6 HP suction header
7 HP discharge header
8 oil pump
9 oil pressure regulator
10 three-way solenoid valve
11 hydraulic cylinder of valve lifting mechanism (capacity control)
12 oil level float switch
13 sensor plug of discharge temperature protection
14 compressor drive motor
15 solenoid valve of interstage cooling system A or B
16 solenoid valve of oil return protection
17
three-way solenoid valve for fast pull-down feature for
two-stage compressors
18 three-way solenoid valve for unloaded starting
19 mechanical float valve
TU Terminal unit
TC Control unit
AI Additional input signals
AO Additional output signals
T Transducer (temperature or pressure)
A For two-stage compressors only
B To valve lifting mechanism(s)
Page 54
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Table 2.2-1 Safety switches used with Monitron CR
Example: TV, two-stage, NH
3
System C: Pressure safety switches
applied are; RT6AB, RT6AS, RT30AB and RT30AS.
Description of
pressure safety
switches
Application
a
Type
Range of
pressure
setting
(bar
(e))
b
Range of
contact
different
ial
pressure
(bar)
b
Remarks
c
Standard TV
S B TAB TCD S B TAB TCD
Discharge
pressure switch
NH
3
-
NH
3
NH
3
-
-
NH
3
NH
3
RT 6AB
10 to 28 3 fixed
pressure
limitor
switch,
locking
device,
external
reset,
protection
class IP54
R R R R R R RT 6B
-
NH
3
- -
NH
3
- RT 30AB 1 to 10 0.3 fixed
R R
-
NH
3
-
NH
3
NH
3
RT 6AS
10 to 28 3 fixed
pressure
safety
switch,
locking
device,
external
reset,
protection
class IP54
R R R RT 6S
-
NH
3
- RT 30AS 1 to 10 0.3 fixed
R
Intermediate
pressure switch
-
NH
3
-
NH
3
RT 30AB
1 to 10 0.3 fixed
pressure
limitor
switch,
locking
device,
external
reset,
protection
class IP54
R R
-
NH
3
RT 30AS
pressure
safety
switch,
locking
device,
external
reset,
protection
class IP54
R
a. S = single-stage; B = booster; T = two-stage; TAB = two-stage system A or B; TCD = two-stage system C or D;
b. 1 bar = 10
5
N/m
2
= 100 kPa = 1.02 kgf/cm
2
= 14.5 psi.
c. Protection class of enclosure according to IEC 144 and DIN 40050.
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.2.2 PRESSURE GAUGE AND SAFETY
SWITCH CABINET
General
Grasso can deliver a pressure gauge and safety
switch cabinet.
This cabinet included stainless steel industrial
gauges are glycerine filled to reduce the vibration
of pointer and protected against overloading
and/or pressure safety switsches.
Selection and Data
Pressure range suction and intermediate gauge
(=also discharge booster): -1 to 12 bar(e).
Pressure range discharge gauge: -1 to 31bar(e).
Pressure range lubricating oil pressure gauge: -1
to 12 bar(e).
Types of gauges and switches dependant on
refrigerant.
Number (3, 4, 5 or 7) of switches dependant on
type of compressor, interstage cooling system
and TV approval
Type of switches acc. to table below.
Number of gauges dependant on single-stage
(3) or two-stage (4)
Standard scope of supply single-stage and booster
3 gauges (suction, discharge, lubricating oil)
3 switches (suction, discharge, lubricating oil)
Standard scope of supply two-stage interstage
cooling system A, B, C and D
4 gauges (suction, discharge, lubricating oil,
intermediate)
4 switches (suction, discharge, lubricating oil,
intermediate)
Scope of supply single-stage and booster with
TV approval
3 gauges (suction, discharge, lubricating oil)
4 switches (suction, discharge safety, discharge
limitor, lubricating oil)
Scope of supply two-stage interstage cooling
system A and B with TV approval
4 gauges (suction, discharge, lubricating oil,
intermediate)
5 switches (suction, HP-discharge limitor,
HP-discharge safety, lubricating oil,
intermediate)
Standard scope of supply two-stage interstage
cooling system C and D with TV approval
4 gauges (suction, HP-discharge safety,
HP-discharge limitor, lubricating oil,
LP-discharge)
7 switches (suction, discharge limitor, discharge
safety, lubricating oil, LP-discharge safety,
LP-discharge limitor)
Fig. 2.2-3 Pressure gauge and safety switch cabinet
Legend REMARK: Diameter gauges 100 mm.
a small cabinet
b large cabinet
Page 56
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Table 2.2-2 Pressure safety switches
2.2.2.1 Electrical wiring schematic oil differential pressostat (RT260A)
Pressure
safety
switches
a
Application
b
T
y
p
e
Range of
pressure
setting
(bar (e))
c
Range of
contact
differential
pressure
(bar)
c
Remarks
d
Standard Alternatives TV
S B Tab Tcd S B Tab TCD S B TAB TCD
D
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

s
w
i
t
c
h
NH
3
-
NH
3
NH
3
- -
RT 5A
4 to 17 1 to 4
locking device,
external reset,
protection class
IP66
R R R RT 5
-
NH
3
-
RT 1A
e
-0.8 to 5 0.4 to 1.6
R RT 1
e
-
NH
3
-
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
-
NH
3
NH
3
RT
6AB
f
10 to 28 3 fixed
pressure
limitor
switch, locking
device, external
reset, protection
class IP54
R R R R R R RT 6B
f
-
NH
3
- -
NH
3
-
RT
30B
f 1 to 10 0.3 fixed
R R
- -
NH
3
-
NH
3
NH
3
RT
6AS
f
10 to 28 3 fixed
pressure
safety
switch, locking
device, internal
reset, protection
class IP66 (RT 6AS
and RT 65) or IP54
(RT 30AS)
R R R RT 65
f
-
NH
3
-
RT
30AS
f 1 to 10 0.3 fixed
R
S
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
-
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
RT 1A
-0.8 to 5
0.5 to 2 locking device,
external reset,
protection class
IP66
R R R R R R R R RT 1 0.3 to 2
I
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

s
w
i
t
c
h
-
NH
3
NH
3
- -
NH
3
NH
3
RT 1A
-0.8 to 5
0.3 to 1.3 without locking
device, protection
class IP66 R R R R RT 1 0.5 to 1.6
- -
NH
3
RT
30B
f 1 to 10 0.3 fixed
pressure
limitor
switch, locking
device, external
reset, protection
class IP54
R
NH
3
RT
30AS
f 1 to 10 0.3 fixed
pressure
safety
switch, locking
defice, external
reset, protection
class IP54
R
O
i
l

d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

s
w
i
t
c
h
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
- -
MP
55A
0.3 to 4.5 0.2 fixed
locking device,
external reset,
internal time relay,
protection class
IP54
R R R R MP 55
-
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
NH
3
RT
260A
0.5 to 4 0.3 fixed
without locking
device, without
time relay,
protection class
IP66
R R R R R R R R
a. When mounted on a panel all pressure connections of the safety switches are provided with a clamp coupling for 6 x 1 mm steel precision tube.
b. S = single-stage; B = booster; T = two-stage; TAB = two-stage system A or B; TCD = two-stage system C or D;
c. 1 bar = 10
5
N/m
2
= 100 kPa = 1.02 kgf/cm
2
= 14.5 psi.
d. Protection class of enclosure according to IEC 144 and DIN 40050. Some of the safety switches are provided with a locking device so that, when cut out, the
compressor does not become operative automatically on return of the original pressure. To unlock, an external or internal reset button is used but only after the
reason for cut-out has been investigated.
e. These switches, which break contact at rising pressure, are provided with a sticker "discharge pressure" to distinguish them from the similar suction pressure switches.
f. Obligatory pressure safety switches in case a Monitron CR is applied. Refer also to Table 2.2-1.
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Fig. 2.2-4
2.2.3 CYLINDER HEAD DISCHARGE
TEMPERATURE PROTECTION
Recommended for all applications with discharge
temperatures > 120
o
C.
General
Grasso can supply an electronic temperature safety
device to protect each individual cylinder.
The discharge temperature may not exceed 170 C.
If the temperature in one or more cylinder heads
rises beyond this value there is the risk of damage
due to amongst others high pressure ratio, high
suction superheat, broken valves, faulty interstage
cooling system, etc.
Selection and Data
Recommended for automatically operated
plants.
Max. 6 sensors (PTC thermistors) wired in series.
Preset value of sensors 170 C (R = 4500 W, can
not be adjusted).
Wiring: If one or more sensors > 170 C then
interrupt of the control current circuit of electric
motor.
Reset-Differential 5K.
Sensor cicuit 2.5 V/DC.
Ambient temperature between -20 and +50 C.
Number of temperature sensors.
If Monitron is not applied: Number of TSU units.
If monitron is applied: mounting and wiring.
Not included: Refer to Fig. 2.2-5
Options
Two stage:
All cylinders OR HP cylinders only.
Page 58
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Fig. 2.2-5 Wiring diagram of temperature safety device
Fig. 2.2-6 PTC thermistor (temperature sensor)
2.2.3.1 SCOPE OF SUPPLY GRASSO 10
Legend
t Temperature sensor
K1M Start delta switch (not included)
S1 Remote reset button (not included)
H1 Signal lamp (not included)
A1 TSU685 unit
Number of
compressor
cylinders
Temperature sensor
plug
Relay unit (if
monitron is not
applied)
Number Type Number Type
2 2
170G13
1
TSU685
3 3
4 4
6 6
8 8 2
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.3 DIRECT AND V-BELT DRIVE
2.3.1 SELECTION OF DIRECT DRIVE
General
Grasso can supply a complete standard direct drive,
consisting of a torsional stiff coupling and
accessories.
Procedure and data
Selection: Consult COMSEL.
Torsional stiff coupling including all parts
necessary for mounting and securing.
Options
Drive guard acc. to CE.
Tool for removing coupling from shaft.
Tool for alignment
Fig. 2.3-1 Standard direct drive
Fig. 2.3-2 Torsional stiff coupling
V1=Flywheel on motor side only, V2= fly wheel on
motor side and compressor side.
2.3.2 SELECTION OF V-BELT DRIVE,
applicable to 1475 min
-1
(50 Hz) and
1775 min
-1
(60 Hz) motors
General
Grasso can supply a complete V-belt drive system.
Procedure and data
Selection: Consult COMSEL or graphs below.
Refer "Options" on Page 60
Type of coupling
Dimensions in mm
A (compressor
foot-motor shaft
end)
D L
195
317 195 142 195V1
195V2
Page 60
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Options
Flywheel (supplied loose).
Motor pulley (mounted for packages, else
supplied loose).
Set of V-belts (supplied loose).
Drive guard:
one side protection
two sides protection acc. to CE (mounted for
packages, else supplied loose).
Table 2.3-1 Flywheel data
Fig. 2.3-3 Flywheel
Number of grooves
a
a. To determine the required number of V-belts, refer to the graphs.
8
Type of Groove SPB
Mass. approx. kg 41
Mass moment of inertia kg.m
2
2.224
Dimensions
(mm)
D (nom.) 500
a 158
b (pitch) 19.0
c 12.5
d 76
e 221.5
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Fig. 2.3-4 Selection V-bellt 50 Hz
Fig. 2.3-5 Selection V-belts 60 Hz
Legend
N Standard compressor speed (min
-1
)
Pe Maximum installed motor power (kW) to transmit
#V Number of V-belts
E Centre distance flywheel - Motor pulley (mm)
L Pitch length of V-belts (mm)
Legend
N Standard compressor speed (min
-1
)
Pe Maximum installed motor power (kW) to transmit
#V Number of V-belts
E Centre distance flywheel - Motor pulley (mm)
L Pitch length of V-belts (mm)
Page 62
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.4 PACKAGED BASE FRAME AND
FOUNDATION BLOCK
2.4.1 PACKAGED BASE FRAME
General
For mounting on a concrete foundation block,
Grasso can supply a standard welded steel base
frame to support compressor, motor and
accessoiries.
Especially for vibration free operation on floors and
on roof tops, a base frame with vibration dampers
can be delivered (concrete foundation block can be
omitted).
A. Base frame for mounting on concrete block
Design Data
Base frame to be placed on concrete foundation
block. For foundation block dimensions consult
Grasso.
There should never be a direct rigid connection
whatsoever between the foundation block and
the floor or any other main part of the building.
The concrete block should be extend down to
any subsoil.
Scope of supply
Steel base frame, incl mounting of compressor,
electric motor and accessories.
B. Base frame for mounting on vibration dampers
Design Data
Frame to be placed direct on floors and on roof
tops (every structural floor should be designed
to take the weight of the packaged unit).
Concrete foundation block can be omitted.
The first two pipe supports must be secured to a
solid foundation.
Horizontal piping must be arranged parallel to
the crankshaft of the compressor.
Consult always Grasso.
Scope of supply
Steel closed box profile base frame, including
mounting of compressor, electric motor and
accessories.
Set of vibration dampers.
2.4.1.1 PACKAGED BASE FRAME
Fig. 2.4-1 Grasso 10 package, direct drive with oil
separator
Fig. 2.4-2 Packaged base frame for mounting on
vibration dampers for direct drive
Page 64
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Fig. 2.4-3 Packaged base frame for mounting on
concrete block for V-belt drive
2.4.2 BARE COMPRESSOR ON CONCRETE
FOUNDATION BLOCK
For direct driven compressors, a packaged base
frame is strongly recommended
General
In case a base frame is not applied, a V-belt driven
compressor can be mounted direct on a concrete
foundation block.
This Data Sheet should not be considered to be a
guide to the design and lay-out of the foundation
block as such.
This matter requires practical experience and a
detailed knowledge of the situation on the spot.
Therefore it is strongly recommended to leave the
disign and carrying out of foundations entirely to
qualified firms, which, at the same time, are
prepared to take full responsiblility for the job.
Selection and Data
Consult grasso to determine dimensions of
concrete foundation block
There should never be a direct rigid connection
whatsoever between the foundation block and
the floor or any other main part of the building.
The concrete block should extend down to any
subsoil.
Dimensions in the table below are directly
related to the compressor and the drive. Other
dimensions are determined by amongst other
the electric motor.
Approx. dimensions and weights
Direct driven Grasso 10 compressor at NH
3
-10/+35, 1475 min
-1
, incl. oil separator (excl. stop valves)
Number of
cylinders
(kg) L(mm) W(mm) H(mm)
2 1010 1695
940
1180
3 1200 1910 1240
4 1230 1730 1300
6 1630 2095 1300
8 1940 2445 1470
Approx. dimensions and weights
V-belt driven Grasso 10 compressor at NH
3
-10/+35, 1475 min
-1
, incl. oil separator (excl. stop valves)
Number of
cylinders
(kg) L(mm) W(mm) H(mm)
2 1060 1715 1060 1180
3 1250 1715 1180 1240
4 1280 1785 1100 1300
6 1700 1855 1255 1300
8 2020 1855 1530 1470
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.4.2.1 FOUNDATION BLOCK GRASSO 10
Legend Dimensions in mm
dg Drive guard
FW Fly wheel
MP Motor pulley
CLC Centre line compressor
CLM Centre line motor
fa
Foundation anchor (number of foudation anchors for
compressor = 4)
fb Foundation block
fc Filling compound
cc Concrete
C-O
Compressor dimension O
Grasso 210/410/3110 555
Grasso 310/610/2110/4210 735
Grasso 810/6210 1085
e
2.5 x diameter of foundation anchor (= 50 mm for
Grasso10-compressor; only valid when using filling
compound)
h Total height of concrete block (consult Grasso)
Legend Dimensions in mm
Page 66
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.5 OIL SEPARATOR; OIL RETURN
PROTECTION; OIL LEVEL FLOAT
SWITCH; OIL QUALIZING AND OIL
RETURN
2.5.1 OIL SEPARATORS
General
Grasso can supply standard oil separators, designed
for application in discharge lines (also LP discharge
lines for interstage cooling system C and D).
Procedure and Data
Selection:
Consult Grasso software program COMSEL
and/or selection table.
Standard oil separator.
Float valve assembly, for automatic return of oil
to crankcase of the compressor and stop valve
(not mounted).
Oil drain stop valve (not mounted).
Options
TV approval (other approvals on request).
Set of flanges (DIN2635) for in- and outlet
connections.
Welding mating flanges.
Base support for mounting on concrete floor.
Oil return protection.
Fig. 2.5-1 Oil separator (types OC50 up to OC125)
1 inlet connection
2 outlet connection
3 set of flanges (optional)
4 stop valve (type TAH8) for oil return to crankcase
5 connection for temperature transmitter
6 float valve
7 stop valve (type TAH8) for oil drain
8 base support (optional)
9 dirt drain
Page 68
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Table 2.5-1 Oil separator design data
Fig. 2.5-2 Oil separator (type OC160)
2.5.1.1 OIL SEPARATOR SELECTION
Table 2.5-2 Oil separator selection Grasso 10
OIL SEPARATOR TYPE
O
C
5
0
O
C
8
0
O
C
1
0
0
O
C
1
2
5
O
C
1
6
0
D
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s

(
m
m
)
L 500 630 790 1155
r
e
f
.

d
r
a
w
i
n
g
D 273 323.9 460 610
DN 50 80 100 125
Li 50 50 50 50
Lu 115 150 160 160
E 120 155 205 270
l 330 330 455 455
h 80 80 80 80
b 190 190 315 315
d 14 14 18 18
t1 150 150 275 275
t2 270 270 395 395
t3 150 150 275 275
Shipping mass (kg) 59 121 201 335 545
Shipping volume (m
3
) 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.5
Oil charge (dm
3
) 4.6 6.0 12.2 21.9 12.2
Design pressure (bar) 25.0 25.0 23.0 23.0 23.0
Test pressure (bar) 32.5 32.5 29.9 29.9 29.9
1 inlet connection
2 outlet connection
3 set of flanges (optional)
4 stop valve (type TAH8) for oil return to crankcase
5 connection for temperature transmitter
6 float valve
7 stop valve (type TAH8) for oil drain
8 dirt drain
9 base support (optional)
T
y
p
e

o
f

o
i
l

s
e
p
a
r
a
t
o
r
Maximum compressor discharge volume rate (m
3
/h)
A
m
m
o
n
i
a
H
a
l
o
c
a
r
b
o
n
s
A
m
m
o
n
i
a
H
a
l
o
c
a
r
b
o
n
s
Booster compressor and
two-stage compressor on
LP stage
Single-stage compressor
and two-stage compressor
on HP stage
OC50 214 123 134 80
OC80 369 212 231 138
OC100 776 447 485 291
OC125 1379 793 862 517
OC160 2369 1362 1481 888
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.5.2 OIL RETURN PROTECTION
General
Grasso can supply an oil return protection system,
to prevent excessive foaming of oil in crankcase,
which can occur when starting the compressor after
a long period of standstill with relatively low oil
temperature. (refer also to accessory 'crankcase
heater')
Selection and Data
The minimum oil return temperature of the
thermostat has to be set at approx. 40 C.
Solenoid valve is always closed during
compressor standstill.
Sensor to be connected to float valve connecton
of oil separator.
Solenoid valve, different types for NH
3
and
halocarbons (not mounted).
A) When Monitron is applied:
Temperature sensor (not mounted).
B) When Monitron is not applied:
Thermostat with sensor (not mounted).
Solenoid valve can also be used in combination
with accessory oil level float switch.
Options
For packages with built-on oil separator(s):
Mounting and wiring solenoid and temperature
sensor OR thermostat.
Fig. 2.5-3 Oil return protection
Fig. 2.5-4 Thermostat with sensor
2.5.3 CRANKCASE OIL LEVEL FLOAT
SWITCH
General
In case two or more compressor operate in parallel
on one common oil reservoir, Grasso can supply an
electric oil level float switch.
Selection and Data
Mounted in special housing provided with a
sight glass
Housing to be fitted on crankcase sight glas
connection
Max peak current = 1 A (auxiliary relay required)
Wiring: If 'Low oil level' and 'Compressor is
running' then 'solenoid valve open'
Legend
C Compressor
OR Oil return line
a
a. Oil return via the suction line is not allowed!
V1 Solenoid valve
TC Thermostat
TT Temperature transmittor
OS Oil separator
Legend (dimensions in mm)
CL Cable length
Page 70
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Oil level float switch
Not included: refer to Fig. 2.5-5.
Options
Mounting
In case of Monitron CR:
Wiring
Fig. 2.5-5 Float switch wiring diagram
2.5.3.1 CRANKCASE OIL LEVEL FLOAT SWITCH
Fig. 2.5-6 Crankcase oil level switch
Legend
a oil from oil separators
b common oil reservoir (not included)
c hand operated stop valve (not included)
d compressor (not included)
e oil level float switch
f oil return from oil separator or liquid rectifier
g solenoid valve (not included)
h auxilary relay (not included)
N Neutral
L Live
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2.5.4 COMMON OIL RETURN AND OIL
EQUALIZING CONNECTION
General
In case two or more compressor operate in parallel
on one common oil separator / oil reservoir, the oil
return to the crankcase must be arranged as
follows;
Table 2.5-3 Oil level control crankcase
Legend
ORS from oil return system
LC Grasso oil level float switch (optional)
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If compressor crankcase level = LC
High
, stop
compressor.
Crankcase heater (optional) is recommended
Oil return via suction line of the compressor is not
allowed.
2.5.5 OIL RESERVOIR FOR MARINE USE
This option is obligatory for compressors installed
aboard ships.
General
Whenever a compressor is installed aboard ships, an
adequate supply of crankcase oil to to oil pump will
be enabled by an oil reservoir.
The crankcase of the compressor has an extra
flange connection underneath the crankcase, to
mount this reservoir.
REMARK: The type designation of compressor with
a marine oil reservoir is MGrasso10.
Oil reservoir
Internal suction line oil pump
Options
Mounting (for packages only)
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2.5.5.1 OIL RESERVOIR FOR MARINE USE
Fig. 2.5-7 Oil revervoir for marine use
Fig. 2.5-8 Location of marine oil reservoir
2.6 CRANKCASE HEATER
Recommended for all types of refrigerant and all
types of compressors.
General
During standstill of the compressor, refrigerant may
dissolve in the oil charge of the crankcase or it may
even condense, both due to an increase of
crankcase pressure, a decrease of crankcase
temperature and/or possible temperature
differences between crankcase and evaporator.
Excessive foaming of oil in crankcase, can occur
when starting the compressor after a long period of
standstill with relatively low oil temperature which
may result in damaging the compressor by a lack of
lubrication.
Low oil temperatures may also cause a high oil
viscosity, which may result in troublesome starting.
Selection and Data
Refer to table.
Engine room temperatures between 15 and
20 C.
Heater fitted into a sleeve so can be exchanged
while compressor is in operation.
Wiring: If 'compressor NOT running' then
'element is energized'.
Heater element (mounted).
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Fig. 2.6-1 Crankcase heater
2.6.1 DETAILS GRASSO 10
Fig. 2.6-2 Location of crankcase heater sleeve
Legend
CE Cable entry
RC Removable cap to protect connections
Number of
compressor
cylinders
Installed power of
heater element
Dimension L (mm)
2-4 325 380
3-6-8 525 600
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2.7 STOP VALVES, FLANGES AND
FILTERS
2.7.1 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE STOP
VALVES AND FLANGES
Refer to Main Dimensions and Space
Requirements to determine DN connections
General
Grasso can deliver (straight through) stop valves to
suit suction, intermediate and discharge
connections.
It is strongly recommend to apply always suction,
intermediate and discharge stop valves.
Selection and Data
For more detailed information refer to
Engineering Data of Revalco B.V.
Suction and discharge stop valve (not mounted).
Options
Set of flanges for suction and discharge line (not
mounted).
Two stage:
Stop valves for intermediate lines (not
mounted).
Options:
Set of flanges to suit for intermediate line
(not mounted).
Welding stop valves and mating flanges.
2.7.1.1 DETAILS Grasso 10
Fig. 2.7-1 Compressor with stop valve
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2.7.2 INTERMEDIATE SUCTION GAS FILTER
Compulsory for interstage cooling system C and D
General
Grasso can supply a suction gas filter which is
compulsory for HP suction lines of two stage
compressors interstage cooling system C/D to
protect the compressors.
Selection and Data
Refer to table.
filter and mounting materials to fit onto
compressor (not mounted).
Fig. 2.7-2 HP-Suction gas filter Danfoss DN 32
Fig. 2.7-3 HP-Suction gas filter Danfoss DN 50
Table 2.7-1 Intermediate filters
Suction gas filter type
Suitable for
compressor
type: Grasso
Danfoss type
DN32 2110, 3110 FIL32-D-2-2-1
DN50 4210, 6210 STA50-D-2-2-1
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2.8 INTERSTAGE COOLING SYSTEMS
2.8.1 SURVEY OF INTERSTAGE COOLING
SYSTEMS FOR TWO-STAGE
COMPRESSION
General
The criteria for two-stage compression, at certain
combination of condensing temperature t
c
and
evaporating temperature t
o
, are as follows:
1. Actual discharge temperature too high,
2. Capacity per unit of swept volume too low (poor
volumetric efficiency),
3. Unfavourable specific power consumption.
As a rule of thumb:
Two-stage compression becomes necessary when
t
c
-t
o
exceeds 50 K with ammonia or 70 K with
halocarbons, at full load conditions; under partload
conditions 5 K less.
Survey
One has a choice out of two possibilities: namely
booster operation with LP and HP compressor or
compound operation with LP and HP stage
integrated in one compressor by means of separate
cylinder groups.
In principle there is no difference between booster
or compound operation. In both cases gas cooling
as close as possible to saturation point is necessary
between the LP- and HP-stage. Use is made of the
possibilities in the installation itself, whereby liquid
cooling usually takes place between condenser and
evaporator.
Different systems of interstage cooling are available
whereby the advantages and disadvantages of
each system determine the field of application. The
current systems are shown schematically in the
figures overleaf.
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Fig. 2.8-1 Survey of Grasso's interstage cooling systems
a two-stage compressor
b evaporator
c condenser
d oil separator
e throttle control valve for evaporator feeding
f injection interstage gas cooler
g injection interstage liquid cooler
h thermostatic expansion valve
i open flash interstage cooler
j closed flash interstage cooler
k throttle control valve for feeding interstage cooler
LC level control
t
c
condensing temperature {T cond.}
t
m
saturation intermediate temperature {T interm.}
t
o
evaporating temperature {T evap.}
Dt
m
HP suction superheat {DT interm.}
Dt
o
LP suction superheat {Superheat}
Dt
v
temperature difference between outlet liquid coil and
saturation intermediate temperature tm {DT cooler}
p
c
absolute condensing pressure
p
m
absolute intermediate pressure
p
o
absolute evaporating pressure
h enthalpy
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Explanation of the operation and comparison of
interstage cooling systems
System A (Injection interstage gas cooling)
Interstage cooling takes place by injecting liquid
refrigerant from the condenser into an interstage
gas cooler via an expansion valve. This cooler is
mounted between the LP discharge and HP suction
connection of the compressor.
ADVANTAGES:
Interstage cooling section very simple and
inexpensive; no need for additional isolation
stop valves, oil separator in the LP discharge line
or suction filter in the HP suction line.
Complete interstage cooling system can be built
onto the compound compressor, thus saving on
floor space in the engine room.
The installation is conveniently arranged and
easy to control.
Suitable for all refrigerants
Reduced oil carry over due to the priority of the
liquid supply to the intercooler expansion valve,
especially when using ammonia and with the
feed taken from the lowest position of the
receiver, priority vessel (see installation
instructions) or HP-float, (take care of dirt),
settled oil will be drained.
In case of large plants; exessive oil return is possible,
safe guard compressor against overfilling
DISADVANTAGES:
Less efficient as the interstage economiser
cooling system B, C and D.
Expansion valve operation requires condensing
pressure control, to ensure a minimum
pressure-difference over the expansion valve(> 4
bar). Too low pressure-differences result in
hunting.
Expansion valve operation requires a minimum
load of 25% to obtain stable control. Injection
only possible in 2-stage mode.
CONCLUSION:
Application in small to medium-large
refrigeration plants, resulting in low costs and
simple operation.
System B (Combined interstage gas and
economiser cooling)
The liquid subcooler is integrated in the gas cooler.
The full liquid refrigerant flow is subcooled in a
parallel circuit inside the interstage cooler.
ADVANTAGES:
Thermodynamically identical alternative for
system D (see text further on).
Is characterized by a neglectible refrigerant
charge of the interstage cooler.
Trouble-free oil return to the HP stage.
Interstage cooling section smaller, simpler and
more convenient than for system D.
In principle complete interstage cooling built
onto compound compressor is possible, resulting
in saving on floor space in engine room.
As with system A: no need for additional
isolation stop valves, LP oil separator or HP
suction filter (direct piping between LP discharge
and HP suction).
Suitable for all refrigerants.
Less expensive than system D while retaining
favourable capacity and power consumption.
Reduced oil carry over due to the priority of the
liquid supply to the intercooler expansion valve,
especially when using ammonia and with the
feed taken from the lowest position of the
receiver, priority vessel (see installation
instructions) or HP-float, (take care of dirt),
settled oil will be drained.
In case of large plants; exessive oil return is possible,
safe guard compressor against overfilling
Injection on single stage operation allowed as
liquid load of sub cooler ensures stable
expansion valve operation, resulting in
controlled discharge temperatures during pull
down.
DISADVANTAGES:
Expansion valve operation requires condensing
pressure control, to ensure a minimum
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pressure-difference over the expansion valve.
(>4bar) Too low pressure-differences result in
hunting.
REMARK: On/off control of main user liquid flow
should be prevented. Use base load valve
open at running compressor, selected on
about 70% of minimum cooling capacity
at maximum condensing pressure and a
level controlled valve (HP/LP) selected on
120% of maximum capacity on lowest
condensing pressure
REMARK: Do not connect a HP-float after the
subcooler, as this will result in
condensation of high stage vapour in the
subcooler, resulting in large capacity
losses, high intermediate pressures and
high end temperatures.
CONCLUSION:
Synthesis of the systems A and B, applied in small
and medium-large installations, with the
advantages of system A (simplicity and
space-saving) as well as system D (favourable
power consumption and running costs).
System C (Open flash interstage cooling)
Interstage cooling takes place by passing the full
hot discharge gas flow from the LP stage through a
bath of liquid refrigerant inside a interstage cooler
vessel, which is aspirated at intermediate pressure
by the compressor HP stage.
At the same time, the full liquid refrigerant flow is
passed through this vessel, thereby undergoing a
double- expansion: first from condensing to
intermediate pressure via a level-controlled throttle
valve and then the saturated liquid at intermediate
pressure is fed from this vessel to the evaporator via
a second throttle control valve.
ADVANTAGES:
Enthalpy difference over evaporator has
maximum possible value for given operating
conditions. Therefore, maximum two-stage
refrigerating capacity with minimum specific
power consumption and minimum compressor
price per unit of capacity.
Minimum operating costs assuming a sufficiently
large number of running-hours per year.
DISADVANTAGES:
Interstage cooling section rather complicated
and expensive due to the necessity of isolation
stop valves, an oil separator in the LP discharge
line and a suction strainer in the HP suction line.
Requires extra floor space in the engine room.
(Flash) interstage cooler contains a considerable
volume of liquid refrigerant and traps oil coming
from the LP-stage. Therefore less suitable for R22
(expensive supply of refrigerant and hindrance
of undissolved oil).
Low pressure difference accross the throttle
control valve for evaporator feeding.Risk of
forming flash gas in liquid line from interstage
cooler to evaporator.
Risk of forming flash gas in liquid line from
interstage cooler to evaporator.
Sensative for intermediate pressure fluctuations
CONCLUSION:
Optimum system of interstage cooling, with
application in medium-large to very large
ammonia installations where the interstage
cooler has been fitted approx. level or above the
evaporator and the distance between these
components has been kept to a minimum (both
installed in engine room).
System D (Closed flash interstage cooling)
This is a variant of system C. The interstage cooling
takes place in a similar manner, but the liquid
refrigerant flows under condensing pressure via a
closed cooling coil in the interstage cooler vessel to
the throttle control valve of the evaporator. So, the
liquid expansion is singular and the level-controlled
throttle valve for feeding the interstage cooler
vessel, has only to inject just that amount of liquid
required for the interstage gas cooling.
At the same time, the full liquid refrigerant flow
through the coil is subcooled.
ADVANTAGES:
Alternative for system C, excluding the
operational disadvantages. In other words, full
pressure difference condenser-evaporator
available to properly operate the throttle control
valve for evaporator feeding and hardly any risk
of flash gas bubbles in liquid line from interstage
cooler vessel to evaporator.
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DISADVANTAGES:
Refrigerating capacity at given conditions
somewhat lower than that of system C (approx.
3.5%, due to higher enthalpy of liquid-vapour
mixture at evaporator inlet). Therefore, specific
power consumption and compressor price per
unit of capacity somewhat higher.
Interstage cooler slightly more expensive than
the one of system C due to the built-in coil.
Total operating costs are somewhat higher than
those of system C, though still considerably
better than those of system A.
As system C: more complicated, more expensive,
takes up more room, less suitable for R22,
necessity of LP oil separator, HP suction filter and
isolation stop valves between stages.
REMARK: Do not connect a HP-float after the
subcooler, as this will result in
condensation of high stage vapour in the
subcooler, resulting in large capacity
losses, high intermediate pressures and
high end temperatures.
CONCLUSION:
Application as with system C in medium-large to
very large ammonia installations. Not the
optimum solution, yet more universal, i.e.
without restrictions regarding erection of the
different components in respect of one another.
General remarks A, B, C, D:
Ensure a continuous condensed liquidsupply to
the intercooler expansion valve. Connect the
intercooler expansion valve supply-line to a
lower position than the main-user line(s)
otherwise hunting of the expansion valve could
occur.
If no receiver is available (high pressure float
control), use a priority vessel. (For system A only:
In case of Witt HP-floats, the drain-valve
EA-10-GB under the float-vessel can be used to
connect the intercooler expansion valve supply.)
Create enough liquid head or subcooling to
prevent flash gas formation by pressure loss
and/or radiation otherwise hunting of the
expansion valve could occur. If the conditions
are such that this can occur, or in worst case if
the intercooler is positioned above the
condenser/receiver, Grasso can supply a priority
vessel with integrated liquid lifting device.
If subcooling is expected please inform us to
prevent oversizing of the expansion-valve
otherwise hunting of the expansion valve could
occur.
A built in sight glass before the expansion valve
makes it possible to check if a continuous liquid
supply is secured.
For more detailed layout see general installation
instructions.
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2.8.1.1 Graphics interstage cooling system A
and B
Installation schematic system (Ecotron)A;
Fig. 2.8-2 Installation schematic system (Ecotron)A;
Legend/installation instructions
A Gas cooler
TC Temperature Controller
TT Temperature Transmitter
PT Pressure Transmitter
V1 Stop valve
V2 Solenoid valve
V3
Electronic Expanson Valve(s)
In case of Monitron; Danfoss AKVA for all refrigerants!
V4
Thermostatic expansion valve(s)
Danfoss TEA for all refrigerants
F Filter
S Sight glass
SOS Scope of supply
I Injection Flow
PV
Priority Vessel
Gives injection priority to main flow by height (h)
M Liquid to main users
P
Liquid velocity < 0.3 m/s (preferred velocity to allow gas to
flow back to condenser)
Diameter Priority Vessel (PV) approx. 3 x diameter of
condenser connection
Q
Line velocity (m/s)/H(cm/m equivalent line length)
=< 0.7 / 20
0.5 / 10
=<0.3 / 5
R
WRONG! No gas traps
No liquid-rise, otherwise use Grasso Priority Vessel (PV)
X
To be opened:
System A; 2-stage mode only
System B; 1- and 2-stage mode
Single stage injection is required for system B to offset
the effects of LP superheat and the heatload created by
consenser liquid in sub cooler
h Buffer height
H Required static height (refer Q)
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Priority Vessel (PV);
Fig. 2.8-3 Priority Vessel (PV);
Installation schematic system (Ecotron)A;
Fig. 2.8-4 Installation schematic system (ecotron)A
A B C D E F
PV ***
DN (mm) mm
40 32 20 125 15 170 DN40
50 40 25 150 15 170 DN50
65 50 32 200 15 170 DN65
80 65 40 250 20 198 DN80
100 80 50 399 20 198 DN100
LLS = Level Float switch optional on request
C Liquid from condenser
S Liquid to evaporator
A Subcooler A
1 Stop valve
2 Filter
3 Solenoid valve
4 Sight glass
5 Stop valve
h
*
minimum height of float switch in relation to subcooler A
* Line length max = 30 m
NH
3
; h
*
> (Q
cooler
/100)
2
(m)
Halocarbons; h
*
> (Q
cooler
/20)
2
(m)
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Installation schematic system (Ecotron) B;
Fig. 2.8-5 Installation schematic system (Ecotron) B;
B Gas cooler with integrated subcooler
TC Temperature Controller
TT Temperature Transmitter
PT Pressure Transmitter
V1 Stop valve
V2 Solenoid valve
V3
Electronic Expanson Valve (Monitron)
Danfoss AKVA for all refrigerants!
V4
Thermostatic expansion valve
Danfoss TEA for all refrigerants
V5 Liquid shut off valve (Danfoss EVRAT)
F Filter
S Sight glass
SOS Scope of supply
OPT Optional, on request
I Injection Flow
PV
Priority Vessel
Gives injection priority to main flow by height (h
p
)
M Liquid to main users
MF Main flow
P
Liquid velocity < 0.3 m/s (preferred velocity to allow gas to flow
back to condenser)
Diameter Priority Vessel (PV) approx. 3 x diameter of condenser
connection
Q
Line velocity (m/s)/H(cm/m equivalent line length)
=< 0.7 / 20
0.5 / 10
=<0.3 / 5
R
No gas traps
No liquid-rise, otherwise use Grasso Priority Vessel (PV)
X
To be opened:
System A; 2-stage mode only
System B; 1- and 2-stage mode
Y
Only necessary in case of multiple subcoolers. Opening
pressure loss 0 bar (e.g.Danfoss EVRAT). Must be
positioned on subcooler outlet and switched off during
stand still!
Hp Buffer height priority vessel
H Required static height (refer Q)
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Installation schematic system (Ecotron) B
(Preferred)
Fig. 2.8-6 Installation schematic system (Ecotron) B
(Preferred)
Installation schematic system (Ecotron) B (Not
recommended)
Fig. 2.8-7 System (Ecotron) B, Installation instruction
with HP-floats, NOT PREFERRED BY
GRASSO!
Legend
Installation instruction system (Ecotron) B, insterstage
cooler in combination with High Pressure Float System
(Equal to system D).
PREFFERED BY GRASSO
OPT Optional, on request
M Main users
LS Low stage cylinders
HS High stage cylnders
TC Temperature controller
LC Level controller (Optional, on request)
1
Solenoid valve; Base-load valve, to be opened with running
compressor. Selected on 70% of minimum cooling capacity
at highest Pc
2
Solenoid valve; Level-controlled valve. Selected on 120% of
maximum cooling capacity at lowest Pc
PV Priority vessel (Optional, on request)
Legend
Installation instruction (ecotron) sytem B interstage cooler in
combination with High Pressure Float Systems (equal to
system D)
Not preferred by Grasso!
HPF-N
High pressure float, not preferred by Grasso (Consult your
HP-float supplier)
HPF-W
WRONG!
High pressure float drains ALL liquid ahead, when fitted lower
than subcooler.
Integrated subcooler will be overloaded with condensing
vapour out of receiver/condenser!
PV Priority vessel (Optional, on request)
HS High stage cylinders
LC Level controller (optional, on request)
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Installation schematic Priority Vessel (PV);
Fig. 2.8-8 Grasso Priority Vessel, installation schematic
Installation schematic system (Ecotron) B, double
version;
Fig. 2.8-9 Installation schematic system (Ecotron) B,
double version;
Legend
MA Main Users, system A
MB Main Users, system B
LC Level controller (optional, on request)
PV
Priority vessel (optional, on request)
Grassos priority vessel compensates for approx. 3 m
liquid rise and 30 m length.
HS High stage cylinders
1 Injection unit, built on interstage cooler
Legend
N To be switched off at approx. 50% HP cylinders
HP-S HP-Suction
LP-D LP-Discharge
B Interstage cooler B
MF Main flow
MF-S Subcooled main flow
HP-D HP-Discharge pilot pressure
GPV Gas powered valve
1 Actuator GPV
2 Three-way solenoid valve
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2.8.2 INJECTION SYSTEMS (A and B)
General
Grasso can supply two types of interstage injection
systems:
1. System A, gas cooling.
2. System B, gas and liquid cooling.
Both systems can be supplied with:
1. Grasso's Ecotron, an electronic expansion valve
system, only possible in combination with
Monitron CR.
Advantages:
The software changes the injected refrigerant
flow before compressor capacity step is
activated, thus less sensitive.
Capacity step time > 60 sec.
Significant lower stable superheat, 5 to 10 K.
2. TEV, the conventional system with thermostatic
expansion valve(s).
Advantages:
cheap and simple
Disadvantages
More sensitive to rapid compressor capacity
steps,
capacity step time > 180 sec.
Stable superheat 10 to 15 K.
Procedure and Data
Consult the software program COMSEL.
Standard scope of supply:
One (1) gas cooler and one (1) injection unit.
Depending on compressor type, operation
conditions and refrigerant or when the
maximum pressure loss is exceeded, an
additonal gas/liquidcooler/injection unit can be
necessary. Consult Comsel.
At partload conditions with =<50% of HP cylinders,
one cooler and injection unit will be switched of.
For part-load conditions < 30% of HP cylinders,
two parallel gas coolers and injection units must
be applied. For those part-load conditions one
gas cooler will be switched of by means of a gas
powered valve.Consult Comsel. In case of speed
control consult Grasso
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2.8.2.1 MAIN DIMENSIONS AND SPACE
REQUIREMENTS INTERSTAGE SYSTEMS
A AND B
Fig. 2.8-10
Table 2.8-1
2110 3110 4210 6210
B1
NH
3
-31 152 134
H
a
B2
NH
3
348 272 266
H
H1
NH
3
900 894 920
H
H2
NH
3
1057 1051 1075
H
L1
NH
3
295 63 36 425
H
L2
NH
3
175 421 590 980
H
L3
NH
3
# -149 0 390
H
1
26.9 x 2.3 2
3
a. H=Halocarbons
2110 3110 4210 6210
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2.8.3 OPEN AND CLOSED FLASH
INTERSTAGE COOLING (System C and
D)
General
Grasso can supply a open (system C) or closed
(system D) flash interstage cooling system. See Fig.
2.8-12.
System C consists of a vessel only and system D
consists of a vessel with a built-in subcooling coil.
Symbols
D
i,min
= minimum internal diameter in mm
(based on max gas velocity of 0.25 m/s)
n = speed in rpm
ZH = total number of HP cylinders (RC2110 and
RC4210 operation on one vessel give Z
h
=3),
Dh
s
, Dt
v
, Dh
v
, refer to Fig. 2.8-11,
t
c
Dt
v
= t
c - Temp. coil liquid out (normally 10K),
t
m
= intermediate temperature,
v
m
= mean log. temp. difference =
Q
o
= Refrigerating capacity,
M
s
= liquid mass flow coil,
Q
s
= coil capacity,
F
n
= cooling surface coil,
w = liquid velocity in subcooling coil, w
max
= 2.0
m/s.
k
NH3
= -417w
2
+ 2439w + 359 W/m
2
K
k
R22
= -135w
2
+ 923w + 105 W/m
2
K
v = specific volume: NH
3
liquid cooler @ 1.53
dm
3
/kg
R22 liquid cooler @ 0.75 dm
3
/kg
Fig. 2.8-11 Log p-h diagram
Fig. 2.8-12 Closed flash interstage cooling assembly
(Open flash would be without subcooling
coil, shown shaded)
Procedure and Data
A) Vessel (system C and D)
Consult Grasso software program Comsel, OR:
Select type of cooler from Table 2.8-2 below by
means of D
i,min
> D
i-table
B) Subcooling coil (system D)
Determine required coil surface F
n required
based
on required capacity Q
s required
and max. k value
at maximum liquid velocity (w
max
= 2.0 m/s).
a vapour in
b vapour out
c mixture in
d liquid (in/)out
e standpipe
f oil drain
g standpipe
h subcooling coil (system D only)
1 Open or closed "flash" interstage cooler
2 Main standpipe
3 Throttle control valve
4 Oil separator
5 Gas suction filter
A LP-discharge
B Vessel (System C = FTO; System D = FTG)
C HP-suction
D1 Liquid from condenser
D2 Liquid from condenser (System D only)
E (Subcooled) liquid to main users
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K
NH3,w=2.0
= 3568 W/m
2
K,
K
R22,w=2.0
= 1411 W/m
2
K
Select coil from Table 2.8-2
Check selected coil with actual liquid velocity
Table 2.8-2 FTO/FTG data
Cooler type FTO/FTG 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200 1400
D
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s

i
n

m
m
Shell diameter
inner Di 308 406 488 575 786 984 1181 1375
outer Du 318 416 500 587 800 1000 1200 1400
Total height A 2290 2340 2375 2415 2515 2630 2720 2850
Distance B 1940 1965 1980 1990 2020 2070 2080 2150
Distance C 340 365 380 390 445 495 530 600
Width of base plate E 300 400 400 500 700 800 1000 1000
Foot diameter F 216 267 318 416 500 600 800 800
Centreline distance
a
G
Refer to Table 2.8-3
H
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
vapour in
b
a 60.3x2.9 76.1x2.9 88.9x3.2 114.3x3.6 139.7x4.0 168.3x4.5 193.7x5.6 219.1x6.3
vapour out
b
b 48.3x2.6 60.3x2.9 76.1x2.9 88.9x3.2 114.3x3.6 139.7x4.0 168.3x4.5 193.7x5.6
mixture in
b
c 26.9x2.6 26.9x2.6 26.9x2.6 26.9x2.6 33.7x2.6 42.4x2.6 48.3x2.6 60.3x2.9
liquid
(in/)out
a di/du Equal to dimension B of liquid coil. Refer to Table 2.8-3
liquid out
b
d 21.3x2.6 26.9x2.6 33.7x2.6 33.7x2.6 42.4x2.6 60.3x2.9 60.3x2.9 76.1x2.9
standpipe
b
e 21.3x2.6 21.3x2.6 21.3x2.6 21.3x2.6 21.3x2.6 21.3x2.6 21.3x2.6 21.3x2.6
Shipping mass approx. (kg) 190 260 340 400 610 850 1220 1770
Shipping volume approx. (m
3
) 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.5 3.5 4.8 6.5
Internal volume approx. (dm
3
) 140 250 370 520 1010 1655 2475 3560
Liquid volume approx.: for type FTO
c
(dm
3
) 60 105 155 215 415 685 1035 1500
for type FTG and G = 780 mm
cd
(dm
3
) 70 125 185 260 500 815 1215 1710
cd
(dm
3
) - 135 200 285 545 885 1315 1845
cd
(dm
3
) - - - - - 950 1410 1975
a. Measure applicable for cooler type FTG only.
b. Measures indicate outer pipe diameter x wall thickness.
c. Liquid volume based on max. liquid level, being 250 mm below the centerline of connection c.
d. Liquid volume without built-in liquid coil.
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Fig. 2.8-13 Dimensioned sketch of open/closed flash
interstage cooler
A) FTO/FTG Vessel (system C and D)
Vessel with welding connections, as shown in
Fig. 2.8-14.
Painting sysdrostene
Not included are:
welding flanges
appendages and controls
insulation
B) Subcooling coil (system D)
Subcooling coil, welded into vessel (see Fig.
2.8-14 and Table 2.8-3).
Options
TV or Lloyds approval (Other approvals on
request)
Fig. 2.8-14 Dimensioned sketch of interstage liquid
subcooling coil
Table 2.8-3 Subcooling coil data
Coil type VS 1 VS 2 VS 3 VS 4
Effective heat transfer surface area Fs (m
2
) 0.75 1.20 1.95 2.85
Number of tubes in parallel z (-) 1 2
D
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s

(
m
m
)
Max. overall diameter A (mm) 197 302 365 470
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
Outer pipe diameter x wall
thickness
B (mm) 26.9x2.6
Vertical centre distance G (mm) 780 870
Horizontal centre distance H (mm) 170 275 223 328
Total mass without liquid content
approx.
(kg) 18 27 42 59
Internal volume approx. (dm
3
) 3.5 5.7 9.5 13.5
External volume approx.
a
a. Volume to be substracted from the liquid volume as stated in the Table 2.8-2,
in order to find the actual liquid content of the vessel.
(dm
3
) 5.4 8.8 14.7 21
Page 92
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
2.9 SPARE PARTS AND (SPECIAL)
TOOLS
2.9.1 SPARE PARTS
General
Grasso can supply a set of the spare parts kits which
may be required when then compressor has been in
operation up to the recommended overhaul
1

running hours.
Scope of supply
Shaft seal assembly,
Oil discharge filter,
Discharge valves (rings and springs),
Suction valves (rings and springs),
Required gaskets, O-rings, seals.
REMARK: All parts are supplied loose.
2.9.2 SPECIAL TOOLS
General
Grasso can supply a set of special tools, for e.g.
removal and fittings of pistons, cylinder liners and
shaft seal.
Oil filter servicing tool,
Tool for piston removal and insertion,
Tool for cylinder liner removal and insertion,
Eye bolts for measurement of axial end play of
crankshaft,
Allen key for (dis)mantling shaft seal,
Oil charge line,
Service Instruction Manual.
Control oil discharge pressure measurement set
This set, which can be ordered separately, is a must
for every engineer who has to overhaul a
compressor.
Option
Alignment toolset for (dis)mounting direct drive
coupling,
2.9.3 HAND-OPERATED OIL PUMP
hand-operated oil pump
charging hose
Fig. 2.9-1 Hand-operated oil pump
Dont use the oil drain valve of the compressor.
1. Overhaul at 12000 hours, based on 4000 running hours/year, 600 starts/year,
with an average part-load capacity of at least 75% and t
o
/t
c
= -10/+35 C (single
stage), -30/-10 C (booster), -30/+35 C (two-stage). Extra starts equals 9
running hours. Consult Grasso for advice.
Legend
a Oil charge valve, located on the oil pump of the compressor
Page 94
Grasso
ACCESSORIES
ED10/v005
Grasso
3. Notes
ED10/v005
3. Notes
3.1
Page 96
Grasso
ED10/v005
Grasso Products B.V. P.O. Box 343 5201 AH
s-Hertogenbosch The Netherlands
Phone: +31 (0)73 - 6203 911 Fax: +31 (0)73 - 6231 286
E-Mail: products@grasso.nl URL: www.grasso.nl
Grasso GmbH Refrigeration Technology Holzhauser Strae -
165 13509 Berlin Germany
Phone: +49 (0)30 - 43 592 6 Fax: +49 (0)30 - 43 592 777
E-Mail: info@grasso.de URL: www.grasso.de
Please contact the technical department of your supplier for
extra information.

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Page 1 Reciprocating Compressors for industrial refrigeration / Series Grasso 10

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