INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT

CARRIED OUT AT
Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency ZIMSTAT!
"#
M$HO$HELI NLE#A

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE (HONS) DEGREE IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MIDLANDS STATE
UNIVERSITY
#EAR %&'&(%&''
SUPER)ISORS
INDUSTRIAL MR* MATAN+IRA T*M*
ACADEMIC MR* ,* $* MUTASA

Abst-act
0


This report is prepared in partial-fulfilment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Science Honours
Degree in Mathematics Work Related Learning eperience that spans for duration of one !ear" #
o$tained this eperience at the %im$a$&e Statistical 'genc! (%#MST'T)* formerl! +entral Statistical
,ffice (+S,) - Harare" #nformation contained in this report &as acquired through -da! to da!
acti.ities/ and +S, pu$lications" The report seeks to portra! a conceptual frame&ork of m!
eperiences during the era of m! industrial attachment at %#MST'T" The report &ill highlight the
organi0ational $ackground of %#MST'T* its operations* the resulting products and ser.ices it offers*
gi.ing an o.er.ie& of ho& the theor! # acquired at the uni.ersit! managed to simplif! the duties #
performed during m! period in the #nternational Migration and Tourism section"
E.ec/ti0e S/mma-y
The thrust of this report is to un.eil in detail and precisel! the &ork eperience at %#MST'T" The
report outlines the responsi$ilities* processes of &ork and duties undergone in each respecti.e
1


department" The &riter introduces the $rief histor! of %#MST'T* its .ision* the mission statement and
the organi0ational structure" The second section concentrates on the nature of %#MST'T* strengths*
&eaknesses* opportunities and threats" The other chapters outline the personal and professional
de.elopment gained $! the student during the attachment" The student ends up $! concluding the
report and making some recommendations to $oth the organi0ation of attachment and Midlands State
2ni.ersit!"
Ac1nowle2gements
# &ould like to etend special regards to m! famil! especiall! m! mom and dadd! &ho assisted me
through out the course of m! attachments especiall! finantiall! and a$o.e all* the 'lmight! 3od for
4


gi.ing me the grace and the strength that has $rought me this far* prospering during m! months of m!
&ork-related learning"
Special mention goes to all %#MST'T staff and management for creating an en.ironment suita$le for
&ork and training of students" M! earnest gratitude goes to m! super.isor Mr Matangira* m! &ork
mates* Mr Ham$a!i* Mr 5!ama* Mr Mumera* Mr Ma0hiri and all m! fello& students also on
attachment for the kno&ledge* support and moti.ation gi.en during the period of attachment"
#6m etremel! grateful to lo.el! friend +ha$ata T" for assisting me here and during the compilation of
m! report* making helpful suggestions and making me more firm to the challenges of life
CHAPTER ONE3 OR+ANISATIONAL IN,ORMATION
'*' "AC$+ROUND IN,ORMATION
Organizatina! Hi"tr#
The %im$a$&e Statistical 'genc! (%#MST'T) initiall! +entral Statistical ,ffice (+S,) came into
eistence in 1789 &hen the British South 'frican +ompan! (BS'+) first esta$lished a Record and
Statistical Department &hich &as under the control of Hu$ert Har.e!" The ,ffice conducted its first
census in Bula&a!oin178:
for &hich the Mining and +i.il +ommissioners supplied estimates of the mining and ur$an
population respecti.el!" #n 178; another census &as conducted in Salis$ur! and information &as
collected through the ,ffice of the 'cting Magistrate"
' .ariet! of independent sections &ere set up $! 1849 to engage in the collection of statistics" '
recommendation &as made that greater efficienc! &ould $e achie.ed if these duties &ere centrali0ed
in a department under a qualified statistician" ' monetar! pro.ision &as made upon recommendations
for the esta$lishment of a Statistical Bureau under the Ministr! of Home 'ffairs" The Bureau &as
<


tasked for carr!ing out an! census* collecting* compiling and anal!0ing statistical information for the
commercial* industrial* agricultural* mining and social spheres of the econom!" #t &as also to
colla$orate &ith the go.ernment in the collection* compiling* co-coordinating* anal!sis and
pu$lication of statistical records of administration"
In '45& t6e O77ice was t-ans7o-me2 into a 2e8a-tment /n2e- t6e Minist-y o7 Economic A77ai-s
an2 s/bse9/ently c6ange2 its name to t6e Cent-al Statistical O77ice C*S*O*!* In '4:' it was
t-ans7e--e2 to t6e Minist-y o7 ,inance an2 Economic De0elo8ment /n2e- w6ic6 it o8e-ate2
/ntil in A8-il %&&;* ,ollowing t6e s8lit o7 t6e Minist-y o7 ,inance an2 Economic De0elo8ment
into two se8a-ate minist-ies in A8-il %&&; it t6en o8e-ate2 /n2e- t6e Minist-y o7 ,inance* T6e
CSO 8-esently 6ol2s a semi<a/tonomo/s stat/s* It was -ename2 Zimbabwe National Statistical
Agency ZIMSTAT!* It is now e.8ecte2 to ens/-e e77iciency an2 acco/ntability*
'*% OR+ANIZATIONAL CULTURE
,rgani0ational culture is a ke! component in the achie.ement of an organi0ation=s mission and
strategies* the impro.ement of organi0ational effecti.eness* and the management of change" #t reflects
or mirrors &hat has &orked in the past and is a pattern of shared $eliefs* attitudes* assumptions and
.alues* &hich ma! not ha.e $een eplicitl! articulated (Ta!lor* 4009)" +orporate culture shapes the
&a! people act and interact and strongl! influences ho& things get done" #t encompasses the
organi0ation=s goals* $eha.ioral norms* and dominant ideologies" #t can $e influenced $! such
attitudes to&ards customers* corporate image* the decision making process or the degree of status
consciousness that is held $! management and emplo!ees"
)ision
To $e the leading &orld class producer of national statistics in %im$a$&e"
Mission Statement
9


To contri$ute to national de.elopment through the production and dissemination of timel! and
accurate national statistics that facilitate>
?olic! formulation
?lanning and decision making
@.aluation and research
Transparenc! and good go.ernance
This &ill $e achie.ed through the use of automated technolog! &ith highl! skilled and moti.ated
staff"
Co-e 0al/es
#n pursuit of the mission* the office holders shall $e respectful* courteous* open* transparent and
responsi.e to $oth users and suppliers of data" This &ill ensure high le.el of confidentialit! of
information in producing a high qualit! statistical ser.ice &ith professionalism and integrit!"
'*= OR+ANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
The organi0ation is structurall! di.ided into t&o main di.isions headed $! Deput! Directors namel!
the>
1) Social and ?opulation Statistics Di.ision
4) @conomics Statistics Di.ision
S ocial an2 P o8/lation S tatistics D i0ision
The main task of this di.ision is compiling and anal!sis of statistical information &ith regards to the
social &elfare of the population and carr!ing out an! field sur.e!s and mapping for the &hole
Department" The Di.ision compiles statistics used $! .arious organisations to determine the social
&elfare of the different communities around the countr!"
:


This di.ision is di.ided into t&o main $ranches &hich are headed $! 'ssistant Directors" These
$ranches are namel!>
i" +ensus and Sur.e!s Branch
ii" Social Statistics Branch
@ach of the t&o $ranches is further su$di.ided into sections &hich are headed $! statisticians"
C ens/s an2 S /-0eys " -anc6
This is the onl! $ranch that is decentrali0ed do&n to pro.incial and district le.els" The $ranch
consists of the follo&ing sections>
Ho/se6ol2 S/-0eys Section &hose maAor role is to carr! out a continuous and coordinated
series of national household sur.e!s on a &ide range of su$Aects such as health* education*
agriculture etc"
Po8/lation Cens/s an2 Ca-tog-a86y Section &hose main aim is to pro.ide the num$er of
persons per single defined unit* num$er of persons in particular categories such as age and se"
The +artograph! Section pro.ides a map data$ase that is linked to census data"
S ocial S tatistics " -anc6
The Social Statistics Branch on the other hand consists of a num$er of sections &hich are>
Em8loyment an2 E2/cation Statistics Section &hose function is to produce and pro.ide current
formal emplo!ment statistics* produce and disseminate the La$our Borce Sur.e! results* collect
and disseminate education statistics such as enrolment figures in different educational institutions*
the num$er of education institutions in the countr!* literac! le.els in the countr! etc into core
pu$lications"
C


En0i-onment Statistics Section &hose function is to produce current en.ironment statistics such
deforestation le.els in %im$a$&e* pollution le.els* climatic conditions* &ildlife* tourism etc"
Healt6 an2 )ital Statistics Section &hose function is to produce and pro.ide up to date health
and .ital statistics such as mortalit! rates* mor$idit! rates* suicides etc
+en2e- Statistics Section &hose function is to produce statistics on men and &omen so as to
sho& the status of &omen compared to men"
>/2icial an2 Social ?el7a-e Statistics Section &hose function is to produce statistics on
prisoners* crime rates* social &elfare statistics and communit! ser.ice statistics"
Social In2icato-s ( Li0ing Con2itions Statistics Section &hose function is to produce and
disseminate data on the li.ing conditions of the population" #t also houses the %im$a$&e 5ational
Statistics Data$ase (%#MD'T)"
E conomic S tatistics D i0ision
The di.ision is responsi$le for the compilation of statistical information that relates to the economic
acti.ities (acti.ities of the primar!* secondar! and tertiar! industries) going around the countr! and is
under the control of a Deput! Director &ho reports to the Director"
This di.ision consists of t&o $ranches* namel!>
?roduction Statistics Branch
#ncome 'nal!sis Branch
P-o2/ction Statistics "-anc6
This $ranch consists of three sections>
;


Ag-ic/lt/-e Statistics Section &hich collects socio- economic data pertaining to the agricultural
sector including structures of farms and holdings etc
,o-eign T-a2e Statistics Section &hose function is to produce eternal trade statistics &hich
sho& le.els and changes in statistics $! period* commodit! countr!D international and regional
groupings and statistics $! direction of flo&"
P-o2/ction Statistics Section &hose function is to produce industrial statistics &hich descri$e
the structure* characteristics and contri$ution of mining* manufacturing* construction* utilities and
transport and communication sectors of the econom!"
This section also includes the Dis8atc6 an2 Reco0e-y Unit &hich is responsi$le for dispatching
questionnaires on $ehalf of @mplo!ment Statistics and ?roduction Statistics Sections respecti.el!"
#t is also responsi$le for making follo&- ups on non-respondents to these questionnaires and
updating the register of companies"
Income Analysis "-anc6
This $ranch consists of the follo&ing sections>
National Acco/nts Statistics Section <The section calculates the 3ross Domestic ?roduct $!
industr! of origin" #t also calculates 3ross Bied +apital Bormation &hich seeks to assess the
change in the fied assets in the econom! from the pre.ious period" #ncome* +onsumption and
ependiture Sur.e!s are also conducted $! this section &hich sho& the deri.ation of +?# &eights*
po.ert! le.els e"t"c"
,inance Statistics Section -The section is responsi$le for managing the data$ase or such data
o$tained from financial institutions $! &a! of secondar! sur.e!s" Binancial Statistics are
7


aggregates that measure and quantif! monetar! flo&s (i"e" income and ependiture) and stocks
(such as assets and lia$ilities) eisting in the econom! of %im$a$&e"
T6e P-ices Section <The section is responsi$le for calculation of price indices and the
#nternational +omparison ?rogram" The maAor pu$lications are the +onsumer ?rice #nde*
?o.ert! Datum Lines* +i.il @ngineering ?rice #nde and Buildings Material ?rice #nde"
In7o-mal Secto- Statistics Section &hich produces current informal sector figures"
The t&o maAor di.isions of the +entral Statistical ,ffice are supported $! other non-statistical
sections &hich include>
Desktop ?u$lishing and ?rinting
@lectronic Data ?rocessing
'dministration and Binance
CSO O-ganog-am see net page)
The organi0ation chart sho&s that the organi0ation &orks under a Director &ho has a pri.ate secretar! to aid him" The
organi0ation is di.ided into Social and ?opulation Statistics Di.ision and @conomic Statistics Di.ision" @ach di.ision
&orks under a Deput! Director and hence the organi0ation has t&o deput! directors" The Social and ?opulation Statistics
Di.ision is further di.ided into +ensus and Sur.e!s Branch and Social Statistics Branch and each $ranch &orks under its
o&n 'ssistant Director" Like&ise the @conomic Statistics Di.ision is di.ided into ?roduction Statistics Branch and
#ncome 'nal!sis Branch &ith t&o 'ssistant Directors heading each $ranch" @ach $ranch is further split into different
departments and these departments &ork under a Statistician &ith the aid of officers &ho super.ises the clerical staff" The
current structure of the +S, is* ho&e.er* epected to change as the organisation transforms to The %im$a$&e Bureau of
Statistics (%#Mstat) as soon as the ne& 'ct is passed $! ?arliament" This transformation &ill see the esta$lishment of a
Board of Directors that &ill $e responsi$le for go.erning the operations of %#Mstat" ' Director 3eneral shall $e the +hief
@ecuti.e ,fficer and &ill $e responsi$le for the co-ordination of the 5ational Statistical S!stem" There are plans that a
Deput! Director-3eneral shall $e responsi$le for co-ordinating the technical &ork of the Bureau"
8


10
Economic Statistics
De8/ty Di-ecto-!
Po8/lation an2 Social Statistics
De8/ty Di-ecto-!
#ncome 'nal!sis
('ssistant Director)
?roduction Statistics
('ssistant Director)
?roductionE#ndustrial Statistics
'griculture Statistics
Boreign Trade Statistics
(Statisticians and +lerks)
Binance
(Statisticians)
(+lerks)
5ational 'ccounts
(Statisticians)
?rices
(Statisticians)
(+lerks)
Household sur.e!s
('ssistant Director)
'dministration
Human Resources
Registr! and Binance
?ri.ate Secretar!
Social Statistics Branch
('ssistant Director)
+artograph!
Mapping
(?ro.incial super.isors)
(Bield enumerators)
@n.ironment
3ender
Health
@mplo!ment
Fudicial and Social Welfare
Li.ing conditions
#MT
(Statisticians)
(+lerks)
DIRECTOR O, CENSUS AND STATISTICS


,rgani0ational +hart of +S,
CORPORATE )ALUES
Teamwo-1
#t is an essential element for the success of an organisation culture" Mem$ers need to ha.e a spirit of togetherness* &hich
is team&ork" #n terms* &e realise that -together e.er!one accomplishes more6* team&ork is encouraged at +S, for it is an
essential component of an! organisation* &hich could greatl! influence the total le.el of accomplishment and to some
etend can fulfil the social desires of their mem$ers"
T-ans8a-ency
There is an open communication and among emplo!ees" This promotes a peaceful and conduci.e &orking en.ironment
that fosters creati.it! and epands producti.it!" Transparenc! or clear communication de.elops a clear learning compan!
and its people are prepared to speak" The! can epress frank opinions &ithout fear or fa.our gi.ing chances to each
other6s opinion and in the end gro& and progress in harmon!"
,le.ibility
' compan! must run toda! if it &ants to &alk tomorro& alongside its competitors" This fast-paced corporate life is
compounded $! the e.er-looming threat of change* so much that an organisation must $e flei$le to changes and manage
adequatel! the risks that the changes $rings"
'*@ NATURE O, INDUSTR#
%#MST'T is a semi-autonomous go.ernment department &hich collects* compiles* anal!0es and
disseminates statistical information relating to the commercial* industrial* agricultural* mining* social*
economic and general acti.ities and conditions of the inha$itants of %im$a$&e" #t pu$lishes such
information and generall! organi0es a coordinated scheme of social and economic statistics relating
to %im$a$&eans" The Department is partiall! funded $! the 3o.ernment and is the $iggest source of
statistics in %im$a$&e &ith the legal frame&ork for collecting data $eing go.erned $! the +ensus and
Statistics 'ct +hapter 10>48"
T6e De8a-tmentAs Aims
Within the contet of its functions* the department thus aims to
i" ensure the a.aila$ilit! of current population* social and economic statistics to users"
ii" de.elop policies for human resources management"
11


iii" finali0e the production of the strategic or corporate plan"
i." promote the department acti.ities to donors* data users and the pu$lic"
#n order for the +entral Statistical ,ffice to produce economic and social statistical figures* it also
makes use of administrati.e data supplied $! other institutions such as>
%im$a$&e Re.enue 'uthorit!
Hospitals
?olice and ?risons
3o.ernment Ministries and Departments
Reser.e Bank of %im$a$&e
Met6o2s o7 ca--ying o/t s/-0eys at ZIMSTAT
Sur.e!s can $e carried out using
Self filled questionnaires"
Bield &ork using enumerators or in.estigators &ho collect data $! asking questions and noting
do&n responses"
The methods highlighted a$o.e are used in $oth the social and population statistics di.ision and the
economic statistics di.ision"
14


CHAPTER T?O3 DE)ELOPMENTS
%*' CREATION O, ZIMDAT
,n 41 Septem$er 400:* the %im$a$&e 5ational Statistical 'genc! &hile it functioned as +entral
Statistical ,ffice launched a national common indicator data$ase for %im$a$&e* %#MD'T that>
?ro.ides a method to organi0e* store and displa! data in a uniform format to facilitate data
sharing"
'llo&s user-friendl! anal!sis of data through ta$les* graphs and maps"
@na$les one to anal!0e trends o.er time"
'llo&s the creation* modification and merging of indicator data$ases &ithout the need for
speciali0ed programs or technical support"
@nhances monitoring of goals* policies and programmes"
1<


%#MST'T6s performance is measured $! the amount of statistics it disseminates to users" So the
creation of %#MD'T has made data more accessi$le &hich is the main o$Aecti.e of the department"
%#MD'T also>
@nhances statistical capacit! and literac!"
Support e.idence $ased polic! formulation* decision making* monitoring and e.aluation"
?romotes the use of official statistics"
%*% IN,ORMATION TECHNOLO+#
#nformation Technolog! (#T) is a s!stem $! &hich computeri0ed information is managed* directed
and controlled technologicall! in an organi0ation" #t encircles the procedures* rights* responsi$ilities*
and rules for decision making matters relating #T o$Aecti.es and #T performance measurement
s!stems"
With respect to %#MST'T* the section of computing has articulated a num$er of target o$Aecti.es* it
has also managed to accomplish ke! achie.ements in its computeri0ed information s!stems
operations"
The set of o$Aecti.es are to computeri0e the department6s data processing s!stems* pro.ide data entr!
ser.ices to the department* $ack up data and programs* maintain the dail! running of the net&ork*
maintain hard&are and soft&are for the department* update anti.irus soft&are and keep computers
clean of .iruses* pro.ide support ser.ices to the department i"e" computer usage* packages usage*
net&orking* internet G email and pro.ide training in computer related areas rele.ant to the
department"
%*= ZIMSTAT
19


The +S, faced a num$er of challenges in pro.iding relia$le and rele.ant statistics that meet the
needs of the users as it found it difficult to maintain routine data collection eercises* let alone
impro.e them" The state of the 5ational Statistical S!stem (5SS) &as uncoordinated* &here man!
institutions produced the same data &hich at times &as conflicting" 'n effecti.e statistical
organi0ation needs to $e managed strategicall!* making efficient use of the scarce resources to meet
the needs of its users"
The Department has transformation +S, to a semi-autonomous agenc! named %im$a$&e 5ational
Statistics 'genc! (%#MST'T)"
Wh! the transformation of +S, to a semi-autonomous agenc!>
To enhance the credi$ilit! and impartialit! of official statistics
To impro.e efficienc! in the pro.ision of official statistics
To stem the tide of high staff turno.er"
%#MST'T &ill $e dri.en $! a common statistical s!stem that &ill ensure that the arrangements for the
production* management and use of statistics &ill>
?re.ent duplication of effort that often leads to inconsistent data and &asteful utili0ation of
resources"
'.oid &orking at cross-purpose* uncomplimentar! &ork and ri.alr!"
?roduce $etter statistical information"
#ncrease use of information* especiall! for e.idence $ased polic! and decision making"
%#MST'T no& operates under a Board of Directors
1:


CHAPTER THREE3 EBPECTATIONS
=*' INDI)IDUAL EBPECTATIONS
?rior to Aoining the %#MST'T* m! kno&ledge of the national statistical s!stem &as rather shallo&" #
epected to acquire greater kno&ledge of the statistics s!stem as a &hole and ho& the uses of these
statistics affect our da! to da! li.es as human $eings and the nation as a &hole" # particularl!
epected to>
'ppl! theor! into practice
Be eposed to situations that &ould help me appreciate the eisting mathematical models
and $e a$le to formulate ne& ones"

2tili0e at hand statistical soft&ares for designated duties properl! e"g" S?SS* +S?ro for
data capturing
1C


Be full! a$le to collect* code* capture* anal!0e* interpret and disseminate statistical
information
Be a$le to interpret statistical information into real life implications and make decisions
$ased on the a.aila$le data (Statistical #nference)
Do data coding as per organi0ational s!stem
2se all Microsoft packages properl!* effecti.el! and efficientl!
Be eposed to situations that &ould help me appreciate Mathematics more
Be full! equipped &ith report &riting and anal!tical skills
Bull! comprehend ho& the 3o.ernment* 5on-3o.ernmental ,rgani0ations and industr!
use dataEstatistics produced $! the %#MST'T to plan for the present and future purposes
+onduct researches and prepare research reports"

=*% OR+ANIZATIONAL EBPECTATIONS
's a student attached to the %im$a$&e 5ational Statistics 'genc! (%#MST'T) # &as epected to
a$ide to the ,fficial Secrec! 'ct* +ensus and Statistics 'ct and other la&s and regulations go.erning
the emplo!ees" 's a norm # &as epected to a$ide $! all rules and regulations laid do&n $! the
organi0ation"
's # &as attached to the #nternational Migration and Tourism Statistics Section for the entire
attachment period* # &as epected to master as much codes as possi$le used in this section so as to
impro.e speed in the coding process &hich happen to $e the maAor dut! in the section" #n addition* #
&as epected to cooperate &ith the rest of the staff and seek the attention of m! super.isor* &hen
need arise and &ork on an! task assigned to me"
1;


CHAPTER ,OUR3 NATURE O, INDUSTR#
The official statistics produced $! %#MST'T as the onl! organi0ation mandated $! the go.ernment to
produce such statistical information forms the foundation of all 5ational Statistics &ith regard to
requirements of the +ensus and Statistics 'ct" The department produces a range of economic* social
and population statistics" The pu$lic including international organi0ations such as the #nternational
Monetar! fund and the World Bank uses the information produced $! this organi0ation" The maAor
duties of this organi0ation are data collection* compilation* anal!sis and dissemination of statistics
relating to the socio-economic situation in %im$a$&e" The increasing importance of the pri.ate sector
has made it imperati.e the need for statistics from them" The statistics produced $! this organi0ation
are used to monitor progress in go.ernment policies and measures performance &ithin the micro-
economic en.ironment"
The organi0ation is di.ided into t&o main di.isions and these are>
SOCIAL AND POPULATION STATISTICS DI)ISION
17


This di.ision is di.ided into t&o main $ranches that are headed $! 'ssistant Directors" These
$ranches are namel!>
+ensus and Sur.e!s Branch
Social Statistics Branch
@ach of the t&o $ranches is further su$di.ided into sections that are headed $! statisticians"
CENSUS AND SUR)E#S "RANCH
This is the onl! $ranch that is decentrali0ed do&n to pro.incial and district le.els" The $ranch
consists of the follo&ing sections>
Ho/se6ol2 S/-0eys Section
#ts maAor role is to carr! out a continuous and coordinated series of national household sur.e!s on a
&ide range of su$Aects such as health* education* agriculture etc"
Po8/lation Cens/s an2 Ca-tog-a86y Section
The main aim is to pro.ide the num$er of persons per single defined unit* num$er of persons in
particular categories such as age and se "The cartograph! section pro.ides a map data$ase that is
linked to census data"
SOCIAL STATISTICS "RANCH
The Social Statistics Branch on the other hand consists of a num$er of sections &hich are>
Inte-national Mig-ation an2 To/-ism Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce data on immigrants* emigrants* departing .isitors and residents* pu$lishing
tra.el receipts6 figures and hotel occupanc! data"
Em8loyment an2 E2/cation Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce and pro.ide current formal emplo!ment statistics* produce and disseminate
the #ndicator Monitoring- La$our Borce Sur.e! results* collect and input education statistics such as
enrolment figures in different educational institutions* the num$er of education institutions in the
countr!* literac! le.els in the countr! into core pu$lications"
En0i-onment Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce current en.ironment statistics such deforestation le.els in %im$a$&e*
pollution le.els* climatic conditions* &ildlife and tourism"
18


Healt6 an2 )ital Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce and pro.ide up to date health and .ital statistics such as mortalit! rates etc
+en2e- Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce statistics on gender inequalities $et&een males and females"
>/2icial an2 Social ?el7a-e Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce statistics on prisons* crime rates $asing on information recei.ed from the
%im$a$&e Repu$lic ?olice* social &elfare statistics and communit! ser.ice statistics"
Social In2icato-s ( Li0ing Con2itions Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce and disseminate data on the li.ing conditions of the population" #t also
houses the %im$a$&e Statistics Data$ase (%#MD'T)"
ECONOMIC STATISTICS DI)ISION
This di.ision consists t&o $ranches* namel!>
PRODUCTION STATISTICS "RANCH
This $ranch consists of three sections>
Ag-ic/lt/-e Statistics Section
#t collects socio- economic data pertaining to the agricultural sector including structures of farms and
holdings"
,o-eign T-a2e Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce eternal trade statistics> &hich sho& le.els and changes in statistics $!
period* commodit!* countr!D international and regional groupings and statistics $! direction of flo&"
P-o2/ction Statistics Section
#ts function is to produce industrial statistics> &hich descri$e the structural* characteristics and
contri$ution of the distri$uti.e* producti.e (ecluding agriculture) transport and communication
sectors of the econom!" This section also includes the
Dis8atc6 an2 Reco0e-y Unit
40


#t is responsi$le for dispatching questionnaires on $ehalf of some of the organi0ation6s sections &hich
include 'griculture Statistics* @mplo!ment Statistics and ?roduction Statistics Sections respecti.el!"
#t is also responsi$le for making follo&- ups on non-Respondents to these questionnaires"
These sections are supported $! the T-aining Section that is responsi$le for facilitating an in-house
training programme for not onl! departmental personnel $ut for fello& ministries and other
go.ernment departments" This is done to ensure that the qualit! of the data collected $! the +S, is
not compromised in an! &a!"
INCOME ANAL#SIS "RANCH
This $ranch consists of the follo&ing sections>
National Acco/nts Statistics Section
Whose maAor function is that of compiling national accounts reports"
,inance Statistics Section
This anal!ses +entral go.ernment re.enue* ependiture and consumption $! preparing production
accounts* income and ependiture accounts etc"
P-ices Statistics Section
Whose functions include processing and pu$lishing the monthl! +onsumer ?rice #nde* Huarterl!
?rices Bulletin* update food po.ert! lines and disseminate information on monthl! inflation rates"
In7o-mal Secto- Statistics Section
This produces current informal sector figures" The t&o di.isions of the +entral Statistical ,ffice are
supported $! other non-statistical sections &hich include>
Desktop ?u$lishing and ?rinting
@lectronic Data ?rocessing
'dministration and Binance

PRODUCTS(SER)ICE MAR$ETS
41


@*' STATEMENT O, CAPACIT# AND EBPERIENCE
The %#MST'T has the capacit! and technolog! to deli.er the required statistical ser.ices to the
nation" The staff consists of skilled and qualified professional statisticians* $oth &omen and men" The
&a!s to achie.e these ser.ices are usuall! in the form of the media* that is print* electronic and
internet" To this end &e ha.e the %#MST'T &e$site www*Cimstats*co*Cw" The recipient of the
ser.ices include the go.ernment at national and local authorit! le.els* international organi0ations*
de.elopment partners* indi.iduals* and pu$lic and pri.ate sectors ($anks* insurance companies*
$usiness enterprises etc") " These each ha.e different use of the data thus the! require it in different
forms" This can $e ra& data or processed data" Thus the products offered $! %#MST'T in form of
the ser.ices the! ha.e to offer to its market are> -
Data collection and processing
Report generation
?u$lications
%#MST'T has $een maintaining the %im$a$&e Master Sample Brame (%MS) &hich is used in most
household sur.e!s conducted $! different 3o.ernment Ministries* and other local and international
agencies"
%#MST'T operates statistical offices in all administrati.e regions and is the authoritati.eEofficial
source of statistical information pertaining to socio-economic conditions in the countr!" 'n institution
a$le to pro.ide such information most effecti.el!* at point of reference on statistical methodolog! and
standards" # eecuted m! &ork related learning in the ?opulation and Social Statistics Di.ision and
this di.ision has got ; sections under its um$rella and the ser.ices offered $! these sections are
statistical pu$lications* reports and ta$les a.aila$le on request"
's sho&n in the organi0ational chart there are se.eral sections that make up the %#MST'T* all &hich
pu$lish different information for different markets and it also has other sections that offer ser.ices
44


like Training* +omputing* DT? and ?rinting" %#MST'T &ill remain focused on operational
ecellence and creating the most cost-efficient and customer-centric structure since it mainl! deals
&ith information at all le.els of its operations"
The compendium of statistics is the principal or chief reference of &ork produced $! the %#MST'T"
#t pro.ides data on most issues concerning the economic and social status of the countr!"
The +entral Statistical ,ffice has the follo&ing stakeholders>
+o0e-nment>
+entral* ?ro.incial and Local go.ernment use statistical information etensi.el! to inform polic!
de.elopment and measure the impact of go.ernment programs on economic and social &ell $eing"
The statistical information is .ital in guiding ci.ic groups mandated $! the go.ernment to champion
in its efforts to turnaround the raging economic collapse the countr! is currentl! facing" The
information required $! these groups includes the inflation rate* consumer price inde (+?#)* and
po.ert! datum line and agriculture information for crop forecast"
T6e 8/blic>
The communit! at large is mainl! interested in $asic information on the econom! and societ! such as
economic gro&th* emplo!ment* inflation* population* etc" this information is largel! communicated
through the media* and largel! su$sidi0ed reports &hich are sold at the +S,6s pu$lications section"
The +entral Statistical ,ffice6s strateg! stri.es to inspire confidence in the qualit! of these ke!
measurements" The pu$lic also supplies data through Household Sur.e! collections and the census"
"/siness>
The $usiness communit! shares similar interests in the quantitati.e ness of information and in
principle* all economic .aria$les are potential su$Aects for comparison" #mportant attri$utes include
the si0e of the market* return on capital in.ested and the rate at &hich the prices are adAusted"
Businesses are important sources and users of our statistics information" Reducing the $urden
4<


sur.e!s on the $usiness communit! continue to $e an important factor in the design of statistical
programs"

Non<+o0e-nmental O-ganiCations N+Os!>
The +S, has a track record of its hand-to-hand relationship &ith the 53,s" ,.er the past !ears +S,
ha.e $een &orking closel! &ith the 53,s* conducting sponsored researches on $ehalf these
organi0ations and suppl!ing .ital information to them free of charge" These 53,s includes 5B%*
B',* +'R@ #nternational* '?5 and %DS etc" These organi0ations are $oth suppliers and users of
statistical information
T6e Aca2emic Secto->
The academic sector uses statistical information $oth for research and teaching purposes" ,ther users
require statistics to inform decision-making $ut the academic sector can pla! a strategic role in
e.aluating the qualit! of statistics produced" The +S, also attaches students from different
institutions that gi.e the attached students the much needed eperience and eposure so that the
required academic ecellence can $e attained"
T6e Me2ia>
The media pla!s a crucial role in the pu$lication of statistical information on $oth national and local
le.el" Bor this reason the +S, has em$arked on a communication and de.elopment strateg! to
empo&er ke! role pla!ers in the media arena" This ensures that the right information is pu$lished at
the right time and it is properl! descri$ed and imparted to the pu$lic in an appropriate form" The
directorate chairs a press conference e.er! month pu$licl! announcing statistical information through
the media to the general pu$lic to understand the meaning of fluctuations in statistical figures through
the electronic media
E.t-a<Te--ito-ial O-ganiCations an2 "o2ies>
,fficial statistical information is an essential $asis for mutual kno&ledge* comparison and trade
among the states and peoples of the &orld" #t is for this reason that +S, meets the international
information requirements of this class &hich includes the acti.ities of international organi0ations such
as the 2nited 5ations and its speciali0ed agencies* regional $odies* etc"* the ,rgani0ation for
49


@conomic +o-operation and De.elopment* ,'2* #MB* World Bank* etc"* also dominate the list of
+S, stakeholder
Iarious pu$lications are produced to the pu$lic and $usiness sectors and these are summarised $elo&>
Section P/blication
Ag-ic/lt/-e 'griculture and Li.estock sur.e! of +ommunal Lands(1888)
'gricultural ?roduction on +ommunal Land #rrigation
Scheme(1887)
'gricultural ?roduction on Resettlement Schemes(188;)
E2/cation @ducation Report(4001)
Em8loyment La$our Borce Sur.e!(400C)
+hild La$our Report(400C)
En0i-onment @n.ironment Statistics (4009)
,inance Binancial Statistics Report
#ncome Ta Statistics
+en2e- Women and Men in %im$a$&e(4004)
Healt6 Health Statistics Huarterl! Ta$les
In2/st-ial 'rchitect Bulletin(1888)
+onstruction Bulletin
Inte-national Mig-ation DTo/-ism Huarterl! Migration G Tourism Statistics
'nnual Migration G Tourism Statistics
National Acco/nts #nequalit! 'mong Households in %im$a$&e
5ational #ncome and @penditure Report
?o.ert! in %im$a$&e
Po8/lation +ensus 'tlas(1874)
4:


Ser.ices '.aila$ilit! Sur.e!(1878)
4004 +ensus 5ational Report
P-ices Monthl! +onsumer ?rices #ndices
?roducer ?rice #nde
Huarterl! ?rices Bulletin
Po0e-ty #ncome +onsumption @penditure Sur.e!(1880-1881)
#nequalit! among Households in %im$a$&e(1880-1881)

CHAPTER ,I)E3 COMPAN# SOCIET# CONNECTION
,rgani0ations interact &ith each other* directl! or indirectl!" The! also ha.e to net&ork &ith the
eternal en.ironment for them to prosper"
;*' EDUCATIONAL SECTOR CONNECTION
4C


Since education is the root of organi0ational eistence* %#MST'T offers a helping hand to students
from the tertiar! institutions $! securing attachment places hence resulting in students gaining .ast
eperience" This is of $enefit to the student and the societ!" #n the past the office could donate $ooks
(statistical pu$lications) to schools and colleges" #t also pro.ides the much needed statistical
information to students carr!ing out their proAects free of charge"
;*% PRI)ATE SECTOR CONNECTION
%#MST'T has also esta$lished concrete relationship &ith the $usiness sector" #t hosts special
meetings and &orkshops &ith concerned parties to officiall! announce figures* clearl! eplaining
ho& these figures &ere o$tained" This reduces* if not eliminates* confusion and mis-interpretations on
statistical pu$lications" #t pu$lishes the inflation figures and the ?DL &hich is mostl! needed $! the
pri.ate sector"
;*= INTERNATIONAL OR+ANIZATIONS CONNECTION
#nternational $odies pla! a crucial role in the production of national statistics in %im$a$&e"
,rgani0ations like the 2nited 5ations (25) offer support to the %#MST'T to measure the progress of
the national Millennium De.elopment 3oals (MD3) in all areas* from reducing po.ert! to com$ating
H#I and '#DS* from empo&ering &omen to impro.ing maternal and child health etc" The partners
pro.ide technical and financial assistance in carr!ing out and anal!sis of sur.e!s and population e"g"
M#MS* H@# etc"
;*@ MEDIA
4;


?ress conference and dissemination &orkshops are held &here people from the media and stake
holders are in.ited to attend" The! pro.ide a platform to disseminate sur.e! results and clear
misconceptions"
T6e gene-al 8/blic>
The organi0ation disseminates statistical information to the pu$lic at un$elie.a$l! lo& costs that keep
them informed* &hich help them in decision making and forecasting" The organi0ation also carries
out a&areness &orkshops aimed at educating the societ! a$out its functions and good interpretation
of information" Research #nstitutions> the organi0ation carr!out sponsored researches for other
organi0ations and institutions" The research is done on the societ! to monitor progress of go.ernment
policies and there$! noting areas needing impro.ement for $etter li.ing of %im$a$&eans"
47


CHAPTER SIB3 ?OR$DONE
5*' MI+RATION AND TOURISM STATISTICS
Statistics is not onl! useful $ut it can $e likened to a light in the earthl! affairs of men* in the
management of the affairs of the state* pri.ate $usiness and in a countr!6s interaction &ith the rest of
the &orld" The le.el of immigrants* migrants and tourists of a countr! are a ke! indicator for social
and economic conditions of a countr!" Bor eample a countr! &ith a high num$er of immigrants
sho&s health! and safe economic conditions and .ice-.ersa" This entails the go.ernment to formulate
comprehensi$le and coherent legal* institutional and polic! frame&ork for implementing migration
practices in an integrated manner"
The %im$a$&e 5ational Statistics 'genc! has $een collecting its migration and tourism statistics
from the Department of #mmigration and +ontrol on arri.als and departures" The %#MST'T has also
$een getting its data on $ed occupanc! from %im$a$&e Tourism 'uthorit! (%T') and the Reser.e
Bank of %im$a$&e on receipts and ependitures"
The migration statistics are required on planning* implementing and monitering of national policies
and programmes such as the Short-Term @mergenc! Reco.er! ?rogrammes (ST@R?) and the
Medium-Term ?lan (MT?) on migration" #t also pro.ides indicators for monitoring the Millenium
De.elopment 3oals (MD3s)"
Duties and Responsi$ilities
48


Since # &as attached on this section # had some dail! tasks # had to do so that the section could
produce competent and timel! results" These included the follo&ing> coding* .erificationE$alancing*
updating control sheets* capturing of ?ort ReturnsD coding* num$ering* and capturing of #mmigration
Statistical cardsD sorting of eit cards" # also created ta$les for our reports"
?ort Returns
+oding
-This in.ol.es gi.ing each countr! (resident or destination) a unique standard international
code* for eample South 'frica is gi.en num$er 1< as its unique num$er and Bots&ana
num$er 4"
IerificationEBalancing
-#n this case # .erif! arithmeticall! that the num$ers tall!" That is the linear in equalities
$alance &ell" Bor eample of an #n Transit case> Total in transitJmalesKfemalesKminors and
this total must $e equal to the num$er of #n Transit $! destination (that is the total num$er of
#n Transit after the! ha.e $een separated $! countr! of destination)" @"g" #n transit of males*
females and minorsJ#n transit to Bots&anaKSouthK'fricaKLen!a etc* and this same applies to
.isitors and entries" #n the case of entries &e ha.e this equation> 'll entriesJ$usiness
.isitorsK.isitors on education purposesKin transitKreturning residentsK.isitors on tour
Kunspecified
2pdating control sheets
-# made sure that all port returns &ere recorded on control sheets" When a ?ort Return form
for a certain month and !ear from a certain port &as recei.ed an MR6 is recorded and if not !et
<0


recei.ed &e record an MB6" This makes it eas! to do follo& ups on those ports not !et
for&arded on their monthl! ?ort Returns"
+aptureE@ntr!
-once the a$o.e had $een done the net step &as to enter the coded data into the
computer" This is done using statistical soft&are kno&n as +S?ro entr! soft&are"
#mmigration Statistical +ards
+oding
-each port is gi.en a unique code for eample Harare 'irport is gi.en code M&'6* and
destination is gi.en a unique code* for eample Harare is M&E6" #mmigration categor!*
marital status* se* race* nationalit!* occupation* nature of $usiness* name and address
of emplo!er* all these ha.e their unique codes"
5um$ering
-e.er! #mmigration Statistical +ard is gi.en its unique serial num$er in preparation for
data capture and for eas! retrie.ing if an error occurs later" Serial num$ers start from
M16 going up&ards"
+apturing
-after coding is done &e enter the information into the computer using +S?ro soft&are
@it cards
Sorting
-# took part on sorting all the a.aila$le eit card cards according to their categories*
&hich is $! port* $! categor!* $! departing .isitors and $! residents and emigrants"
<1


Data collection
# had a hand on collecting data used in #MT Section* that is ?ort Returns and
#mmigration Statistical +ards from Department of #mmigration and +ontrol"
+reation of ta$les
-after data entr! &as complete # had to compile these figures $! a &a! of ta$ulation" #
first checked for an! errors that occurred during data entr!" # then used Microsoft
@cel spread sheets to create the monthl! ta$les" This in.ol.ed editing and .erif!ing
the ecel formulas &e used for compilation of figures" # &as in.ol.ed in creating
monthl! and quarterl! ta$les"
,ther &ork done
?articipation on in office proAects
-?articipated in the data coding* editing and capturing proAect that encompassed Huarterl!
@mplo!ment #nquir! (H@#)* Salar! Ser.ices Bureau (SSB) and #nformation +ommunication
Technolog! (#+T)" M! tasks in.ol.ed coding* editing of the a$o.e questionnaires" # &as also an
on line editor* that is # attended to an! pro$lems encountered $! data captures" # also did the data
capturing" The aims of the proAect &ere to pro.ide up-to-date statistics to all the stakeholders and
to close the data gaps &hich &ere eisting for the past !ears"


<4



Data Dissemination
The section produces ta$les on>
o #mmigrants $! countr! of last permanent residence"
o #mmigrants $! countr! of citi0enship"
o #mmigrants $! age group and se"
o #mmigrants $! industr! and se"
o @conomicall! acti.e immigrants $! occupation and se"
o @conomicall! acti.e immigrants $! occupation* age group and se"
o #mmigrants $! mode of tra.el and port of entr!"
o #mmigrants $! to&n of initial destination"
o #n transit .isitors $! countr! of destination"
o #n transit .isitors $! countr! of last permanent residence"
o 'rri.ing residents $! mode of tra.el and port of entr!"
o @itors $! port of eit"
o Da! trippers $! port of eit
<<


Se-0ice Deli0e-y
This section disseminates information through:
?u$lications* the reports* &hich pertain mainl! this section are>
o Monthl! Migration and Tourist Statistics Report
o Huarterl! Migration and Tourist Statistics Report
o Nearl! Huarterl! Migration and Tourist Statistics Report
?ertinent complains pertaining to the section can $e channelled to the 'ssistant Director of Social
Statistics Branch through the head of the section"
CHAPTER SE)EN3 S$ILLS DE)ELOPED
<9


,o-mal Lea-ning Co/-ses
During m! first &eek # under&ent on the Ao$ training &here m! super.isor eplained the s!stem #
&orked on" 'ided $! a training manual for the s!stem and &ith the assistance from m! full time
&orking colleagues # easil! familiari0ed m!self &ith the s!stem and ke! terms that required
clarification and definitions" This &as of $enefit to the degree program since it ga.e me kno&ledge
on popular economics terms used $! the Migration and Tourism Section"
$ey S1ills De0elo8ment
P-o7essional S1ills
a* Tec6nical s1ills
# acquired data sur.e! techniques that encompasses
1" Data collection
4" Data coding and editing
<" Data capturing
9" Data cleaning and ta$ulation
:" Data anal!sis
$" E77ecti0e Comm/nication S1ills >
#nitiall! this pro.ed to $e difficult as # found m!self ha.ing to deal &ith the general pu$lic as
&ell as senior personnel" Su$sequentl!* the interaction &ith clients* suppliers and $usiness
partners meant that # need to impro.e on ho& # articulated m!self"" 'lso de.eloped good
formal and informal communication skills &ithin the organi0ation since almost all
communication &as done either $! telephone* e-mail or letters" # also distri$uted
$usinessEin.itation letters to our stakeholders around Harare +BD" This skill in.ol.es .isual*
oral and &ritten communication"
Initiati0e an2 o-ganiCing ability
# &as a$le to use o&n initiati.e in pro$lem situations and &ork &ithout close super.ision
measured $! m! completion of &ork in time and producing satisfactor! results
c" Analytical S1ills >
<:


+arr!ing out inferences on the causes of .ariations on immigrants income generated there of"
d" Manage-ial S1ills >
These include confidence and team&ork spirit"
e* Ris1 Management S1ills >
5eed for the anal!sis of pa!offs of alternati.e actions !ou can take* this is a .ital skill in
decision making"
7* In7o-mation Tec6nology S1ills >
# also learnt some computer skills that are essential in the efficient use of computers* these
include>
-@lectronic mail
-Business applications
-#nternet and accessories application
-Was also a$le to de.elop t!ping skills
-+D &riting
-Spreadsheets
#ncludes email* internet and accessories application &ord processing* spreadsheets* data$ase* pu$lishing*
cd-&riting* file management and organi0ation* html and &e$ designing
g* A2a8tability3
# am no& a$le to &ork &ith others as a team" This actuall! helped me to appreciate the
essentialit! of e.er!one to&ards the goals of the organi0ation due to the roles each and
e.er!one pla!s"
6* F/ality stan2a-2s o7 wo-1 o/t8/t3
# achie.ed the required standards of qualit! and completeness of &ork" # &as a$le to complete
data coding* editing* capturing* cleaning and processing on time to meet m! super.isor6s dead
line for finali0ing reports"
NON TECHNICAL S$ILLS
<C


a) Responsi.eness
The organi0ation &as m! chief priorit! so &hiche.er task # &as gi.en # &ould attend to it urgentl!
and to perfection"
$) ?u$lic Relations
Ha.ing &orked in the #MT section* it meant that # had to represent the ,ffice constantl! as #
interacted &ith* suppliers and $usiness partners" #t &as important to portra! a good image of the
organi0ation and this meant that professionalism &as imperati.e in m! conduct" 'spects of note
included the &a! # dressed* the &a! # spoke* mannerism and ho& # handled difficult situations"
c) +onfidence
" Before attached at the %#MST'T* # &as .er! sh! and not asserti.e* # couldn6t attend a difficult
pro$lem $ut no& # am self confident and asserti.e" # am prepared to take a risk on sol.ing
challenging situations till # come up &ith a solution"
d) Time Management
Time management is ke! aspects to the achie.ement of assigned duties" These helped me eecute
m! duties effecti.el! hence meeting m! deadlines"
e) ' good communication skill
Working in a highl! acti.e en.ironment* # often had to collect data from other organi0ations such
as the #mmigration Department and %im$a$&e Tourism 'uthorit!" This meant going through
certain channels and making consultations &ith quite a num$er of people i"e" eplaining &h! #
need the data* ho& it &as to $e used etc" This certainl! impro.ed m! communication skills as #
interacted &ith different people at different le.els"
f) Blei$ilit!
<;


,f late # ha.e come to a certain understanding that flei$ilit! is a skill in its o&n respect &hich is
impart a$le* that is* learna$le and practicall! applica$le" # can simpl! testif! this $! gi.ing an
eample" Though # &orked under #MT section* # could also perform some duties in other sections*
such as @mplo!ment section"
CHAPTER EI+HT3 APPLICATION O, LEARNT S$ILLS
<7


:*' MINI PRO>ECT
Int-o2/ction
Bor the past !ears* the 3o.ernment em$arked on gender equalit! in all areas of the econom!" ' lot of
organisations &ere formed to represent &omen" This proAect seeks to find out if the efforts $! the
responsi$le stake holders of promoting gender equalit! came into effect for the period (188:-4009)"
#n %im$a$&e* most of the formal emplo!ees are found in the four maAor pro.inces (Bula&a!o
pro.ince* Harare pro.ince* Manicaland pro.ince and Midlands pro.ince)" The four maAor pro.inces
are differentl! situated hence choosing these four pro.inces &ill gi.e a $etter o.er.ie& of the
&orkforce of the countr!"
@mplo!ees6 fluctuations are of maAor concern since the la$our force is the &eapon that dri.es the
econom!" There ha.e $een some changes in policies that go.ern the &orkforce $! the responsi$le
authorities and these changes ha.e affected the la$our force6s status" #n order to anal!se these and
other issues # $asicall! used ta$les* graphs and h!pothesis testing"
ObGecti0es3
1) To determine the four maAor pro.inces contri$ution to %im$a$&e6s total &orkforce"
4) To determine &hich pro.inces among the four has done much $etter than others in tr!ing to
address gender im$alances at &ork"
<) To in.estigate &hether there is an association $et&een the emplo!ees6 se and the industrial
groupings"
3 >/sti7ication o7 Resea-c6
<8


Workers in the formal sector pla! a .er! important role in the nation6s economic de.elopment" #n
%im$a$&e* increase in the la$our force is generall! regarded as lo&" +hanges in economic policies
en.ironmental conditions and climatic conditions are the maAor factors that affected the num$er of
emplo!ees the period under stud!" Most of the industries are located in Bula&a!o pro.ince* Harare
pro.ince* Manicaland pro.ince and Midlands pro.ince and emplo!ees in these four pro.inces
contri$ute nearl! C: percent of the national &orkforce" 3eographical locations of these three
pro.inces are also of great importance since it illustrates a closer status of the national &orkforce"
,f late more and more females ha.e $een said to $e Aoining the la$our force* e.en in those said to $e
male-orientated industries"
So the proAect is to in.estigate if these .ie&s are true or notO
Lite-at/-e Re0iew3
Media reports ha.e $een suggesting that there has $een a lot of retrenchments $eing caused $!
eercises such as pri.atisation of go.ernment institutions* change in go.ernment policies* drought
and of late* economic hardships" Ho&e.er* it is changes in go.ernment policies and economic
hardships that ha.e $een continuousl! accused of affecting the gro&th of the &orkforce"

So/-ces o7 2ata3
The data used in this proAect is from the Huarterl! @mplo!ment Ta$les (188:-4009) that are produced
$! the +"S", @mplo!ment and @ducation Statistics Section" The data is of high qualit! since the staff
responsi$le for its collection and processing is highl! professional"
Met6o2ology3
90


1" ' flo& chart is going to $e used to sho& the composition of formal emplo!ees for the four
pro.inces (188:-4009)"
4" Bar graphs are going to $e used to sho& the distri$ution of emplo!ees $! se and !ear in the
four pro.inces (188:-4009)"
<" Line graphs are going to $e used to sho& the distri$ution of emplo!ees6 se ratios $! !ear
(188:-4009)"
9" ' multiple $ar graph is going to $e used to sho& the distri$ution of emplo!ees $! se and
industr! (188:-4009)"
:" H!pothesis testing"
a" To test at :P le.el of significance &hether there is an association $et&een emplo!ees6
se and industrial groupings"
$" Degrees of freedom J (num$er of columns Q 1) (num$er of ro&s Q 1)
c" Test statistic>
4
:P (n) J R S(,-@)
4
T @U
Analysis o7 ObGecti0e A
91


ObGecti0e A3 To determine the four pro.inces contri$ution to %im$a$&e6s total &orkforce"
Table %3 P-o8o-tional 2ist-ib/tions o7 t6e 7o/- 8-o0inces em8loyees 7-om '44; to %&&@
Near
Bula&a!o
?ro.ince
(P)
Harare
pro.ince
(P)
Manicaland
?ro.ince
(P)
Midlands
?ro.ince
(P)
The four
?ro.inces
Total (P)
,ther
pro.inces
(P)
%im$a$&e
5um$er of
@mplo!ees
188: 1;"7< <7"C9 <"71 <":4 C<"70 <C"40 84C 877
188C 1;"C8 <;"C: <";C
<"80
C<"09 <C"8C 84: 984
188; 1;"84 <8"47 <":8
<"40
C<"88 <C"01 8:: 179
1887 1;"<1 <7"C4 <"C8
<":1
C<"1< <C"7; 81: :48
1888 1C"90 <7"C8 <"8<
<"84
C4"89 <;"0C 8<C 901
4000 1C"18 <7"89 <"C0
<":4
C4"4: <;";: 8;8 C87
4001 1:";4 <;"84 <"99
<"4C
C0"<9 <8"CC 1 019 :;C
4004 1C"49 <;"88 <"90
<"<C
C0"88 <8"01 881 88;
400< 1:":; <7"81 <":;
<"94
C1"9; <7":< 840 ;77
4009 1:"C: <8"<1 <"<C
<"04
C1"<9 <7"CC 801 8;9
'.erage 1C"C9 <7":8 <"C1 <":0 C4"<< <;"C; 89C 7C<
Brom Table 2 a$o.e* the a.erage num$er of emplo!ees for the ten !ears &as 89C 7C<" Harare
pro.ince had the highest a.erage percentage proportion of emplo!ees (<7":8P) for the ten !ears
period as compared to the other four pro.inces" Manicaland had the least contri$ution of <":0 percent
on a.erage for the ten !ears period among the four"
Brom 188: to 4009* the a.erage percentage contri$ution $! the four pro.inces &as C4"<< percent
(See Bar 3raph below)" The other pro.inces could onl! settle for <;"C; percent of the a.erage formal
emplo!ment population for %im$a$&e"
94


Bor the ten !ears understud! Harare pro.ince* Bula&a!o* Manicaland pro.ince and Midlands ha.e
contri$uted a$out C4"<< percent* on a.erage* of the total &orkforce" Harare pro.ince contri$uted
<7":8 percent (the maAorit!)* follo&ed $! Bula&a!o &ith 1C"C9 percent of the a.erage total
emplo!ees in %im$a$&e for the period understud! &hile Midlands and Manicaland contri$uted the
least* of all the four* percentage of a$out <":0 percent and <"C1 percent respecti.el! of the a.erage
total emplo!ees of the countr! for the period understud!"
Analysis o7 ObGecti0e "
Proportional distribution of employees for the four
Provinces
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70



1
8
8
:
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8






1
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
Year
P e r c e n t a g e s
Harare
Bulawayo
Manicaland
Midlands
Toal o! "e !our
#rovinces
9<


ObGecti0e "3 To determine which province among the four has done much better
than others in trying to correct gender imbalances at work.
Table 3a: Distribution of Harare employees by gender (1995-2004)
#ea- '44; '445 '44E '44: '444 %&&& %&&' %&&% %&&= %&&@
Total emplo!ees <:7 408 <97 97: <;: 44; <:< C14 <C4 47< <71 9:7 <79 ;;< <;C 7:7 <:7 4;8 <:9 :C;
Males (P) 7<";9 74":7 7<"08 74"14 71"74 74"1: 74"01 71"<1 70";; 70"48
Bemales (P) 1C"4C 1;"94 1C"81 1;"77 17"17 1;"7: 1;"88 17"C8 18"4< 18";1
M(, ;*'; @*E@ @*4% @*;4 @*; @*5 @*;5 @*=; @*% @*&E
MEB (to the nea-
rest emplo!ee) : : : : : : : 9 9 9
Notes3 M/F = Male employees (P)EFemale employees (%
99


Figure 3a: Harare's employees (%) by gender
(1995-2004)
0
10
40
<0
90
:0
C0
;0
70
80
100
#ea-3 '44;<%&&@
N
/
m
b
e
-

o
7

e
m
8
l
o
y
e
e
s

H

!
Male
Bemale
Figure !a sho&s that the capital cit!6s percentage of male emplo!ees is decreasing &hilst that of
females is increasing" Male emplo!ees ha.e $een occup!ing more than 70 percent &hile females ha.e
occupied less than 40 percent of the capital cit!6s &orkforce" Table !b sho&s that male percentage
declined $! <"9: percentage points from 188: to reach 70"48 percent $! 400: and female percentage
increased from 1C"4C percent in 188: to reach 18";1 percent $! Decem$er 400:" This led to the
decline of the ratios from : males per 1 female to 9 males per 1 female emplo!ee o.er the decade"
The general .ie& is that* e.en though the 3o.ernment implemented policies such as proclamation of
e.er! child6s right to education and gender equit! sensitisation programmes* it appears all its efforts
did little in correcting the im$alances at &ork in the capital cit!"
9:


Table =b3 Dist-ib/tion o7 "/lawayo em8loyees by gen2e- '44;<%&&@!
Year
'44; '445 '44E '44: '444 %&&& %&&' %&&% %&&= %&&@
Total emplo!ees 1C: <1; 1C< C84 1;1 187 1:7 990 1:< :78 1:7 C19 1:8 9C< 1C1 140 19< <;7 191 1:C
Males (P) 79"< 74"87 71"7; 71"78 70"8: 70"C4 70"98 70"79 ;7"<4 ;;"::
Bemales (P) 1:"; 1;"04 17"1< 17"11 18"0: 18"<7 18":1 18"1C 41"C7 44"9:
M(, ;*=E @*:: @*;% @*;% @*%; @*'5 @*'% @*%% =*5' =*@;
MEB (to the
nearest emplo!ee) : : : : 9 9 9 9 9 <
Notes3 M/F = Male employees (P)EFemale employees (%

Figure 3b: Bulawayo's employees (%) by gender
(1995-2004)
0
10
40
<0
90
:0
C0
;0
70
80
100
#ea-3 '44;<%&&@
N
/
m
b
e
-

o
7

e
m
8
l
o
y
e
e
s

H

!
Male
Bemale
Figure !b a$o.e sho&s that in Bula&a!o* the num$er of male emplo!ees has generall! $een
decreasing &hile that of females has $een increasing" Male emplo!ees declined from 79"< percent to
;;":: percent &hile females rose from 1:"; percent to a$out 44"9: percent $et&een 188: and 4009
9C


(Table !b" Decreases in the percentage of male emplo!ees led to a decline in the maleEfemale ratio
from :>1 in 188: to <>1 in 4009"
The general declining trend* though at a .er! slo& rate* can $e attri$uted to supporti.e go.ernment
policies that include proclamation of e.er! child6s right to education and the implementation of
gender equit! sensitisation programmes"
Table 3c: Distribution of Manicaland employees by gender (1995-2004)
Year
'44; '445 '44E '44: '444 %&&& %&&' %&&% %&&= %&&@
Total emplo!ees <: <01 <9 7<9 <9 497 << 710 <C ;7: <: <1; <9 81< << ;:1 <4 80< <0 <0C
Males (P) 7<"8; 7<"<; 74"<; 71"7; 71";7 71"0; 71"8< 71"1< ;7"9: ;8"01
Bemales (P) 1C"0< 1C"C< 1;"C< 17"1< 17"44 17"8< 17"0; 17"7; 41":: 40"88
M(, ;*%@ ;*&' @*5E @*;' @*@4 @*%: @*;= @*= =*5@ =*EE
MEB (to the
nearest emplo!ee) : : : : : 9 : 9 9 9
Notes3 M/F = Male employees (P)EFemale employees (%
9;


Table 3d: Distribution of Midlands employees by gender (1995-2004)
#ea- '44; '445 '44E '44: '444 %&&& %&&' %&&% %&&= %&&@
Total
emplo!ees
<:<1; <981< <<;:1 <480< <0<0C <:<01 <97<9 <9497 <<710 <C;7:
Males (P) 71"0; 71"8< 71"1< ;7"9: ;8"01 7<"8; 7<"<; 74"<; 71"7; 71";7
Bemales(P) 17"8< 17"0; 17"7; 41":: 40"88 1C"0< 1C"C< 1;"C< 17"1< 17"44
M(, 9"47 9":< 9"< <"C9 <";; :"49 :"01 9"C; 9":1 9"98
MEB to the
nearest
emplo!ee
9 : 9 9 9 : : : : 9
5otes> MEB J Male emplo!ees (P)EBemale emplo!ees (P)
97


Figure 3d: Midlands employees (%) by
gender (1995-2004)
0
10
40
<0
90
:0
C0
;0
70
80
100
#ea-3'44;<%&&@
N
/
m
b
e
-

o
7

e
m
8
l
o
y
e
e
s

H
!
Male Bemale
Like the other pro.inces* Figure !c and !d sho&s that the t&o pro.inces6 percentage of male
emplo!ees are generall! decreasing and increasing for Manicaland and Midlands respecti.el! o.er
the !ears* reaching ;8"01 percent in 400: from 7<"8; percent in 1889* for Manicaland as sho&n in
Table !c a$o.e" Bemale percentage increased from 1C"0< percent in 188: to 40"88 percent in 400:
ecept in 1887* &hich &as affected $! casual fluctuations" These decreases and increases in the
percentage of emplo!ees led to a decrease in the maleEfemale ratios from : males per single female
emplo!ee in 1884 to 9 males per single female emplo!ee in 4001"
We can generall! sa! the eastern $order to&n6s la$our force distri$ution is almost the same as that of
Harare" #t seems as if that the go.ernment6s efforts in tr!ing to impose policies that safeguard
im$alances at &ork are not complemented .er! &ell in the area" This might $e $ecause the Ao$s
in.ol.ed in most industries are still a $it challenging to most females"
98


Commen t
Figure !e a$o.e sho&s that the male to female ratios for the four pro.inces ha.e $een generall! going
do&n o.er the !ears" Bula&a!o pro.ince cur.e has $een mo.ing $elo& the other three pro.inces
cur.es for the greater part of the decade (since 1888)" This means that gender im$alance at &ork for
the to&n has $een impro.ing to the $etter o.er the decade" ,n the contrar!* Harare6s cur.e has $een
mo.ing on top of the other three pro.inces cur.es since 1888* resem$ling that the to&n ha.e the
&orst* of all the four* gender im$alance at &ork" Midlands pro.ince has got the last part of the cur.e
mo.ing a$o.e the other three meaning that there &as still gender inequalit! in the pro.ince6s
Figure 3e: Employees Gender Ratio by gender
(1995-200!
3
3$5
4
4$5
5
5$5
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
3
Year
M a l e / F e m a l e R a t i o
Harare
Bulawayo
Manicaland
Midlands
:0


&orkforce" @ducation for the girl-child and gender sensitisation programmes has helped a lot in the
status of the emplo!ees6 se disparities as sho&n $! the general do&n &ard mo.ement of the cur.es
for all the pro.inces from 4000 to 4009"
We can see that the gender disparit! at &ork is impro.ing in Bula&a!o pro.ince and Harare as of
4009" Because of casual fluctuations in female emplo!ees Midlands and Manicaland had an up&ard
trend from 400< to 4009"
Concl/sion
+learl!* &e can see that Bula&a!o has done much $etter than the other three pro.inces in tr!ing to
correct gender im$alances at &ork o.er the decade e.en though at a slo&er rate than &hat might ha.e
$een &ished" #t reduced the gender ratio from : males per single female emplo!ee to < males per
single female emplo!ee as of 4009" The other pro.inces reduced their maleEfemale ratios from : to 9
males per 1 female emplo!ee"
:1


Analysis o7 ObGecti0e C
ObGecti0e C3 To investigate whether there is an association between the
employees sex and the industrial groupings.
Table 4a: Average employees distributions by sex and industry for the
period understudy (1995 2005).
In2/st-y Male Bemale Total
Distri$ution C1C4C 14;78 74415
Health : 8<0 7 ;40 14650
+onstruction 14 C<9 80C 13540
Binance 19 :8: C <00 20895
Manufacturing 1<C 1;: 1< 08; 149272
Transport <9 4C1 < :08 37770
'dministration 49 8C9 : <4: 30289
@ducation 18 1:C 1C ;;1 35927
@lectricit! ::<C <89 5930
Domestic Workers :0 ;:8 41 7C0 72619
,ther #ndustries 78 C07 14 4;1 101879
Total 9:: 499 101 894 557186
:4


Figure 4a: The ten-year period average employees'
distribution by sex and industry.
-
40
90
C0
70
100
140
190
1 4 < 9 : C ; 7 8 10 11
In2/st-y
E
m
8
l
o
y
e
e
s

I
&
&
&
I
male female $oth
Notes:
1- Distribution 2- Health
3-Construction 4-Finance, Insurance and Real Estate
5- Manufacturing 6-Transport and Communication
7-Public Administration 8-Education
9- Electricity 10-Domestic Workers
11-Other Industries
Comment
There is a high gender disparit! $et&een males and females in most industrial groups ecept in
ser.ice-pro.iding industries such as health and education* as sho&n in the Ta$le and Bigure a$o.e"
Health is the onl! industrial sector &ith more female emplo!ees than male ones" This is $ecause the
kind of Ao$ in.ol.ed in this sector is more female-orientated than in an! other sector" Bor all the other
:<


industrial groups male emplo!ees had a high pro$a$ilit! of access to formal emplo!ment than the
opposite se" This is $ecause man! of these industrial groupings are mostl! associated &ith hard
la$our* &hich is not suita$le for females"
We can conclude that females are more associated &ith ser.ice-pro.iding industrial groupings &hile
males ha.e a high chance of emplo!ment in the other industries"
:*% CHI<SFUARED TEST
The
4
-test is a significant test that ena$les us to decide &hether it is .alid to use a particular
distri$ution* such as the Binomial distri$ution* poison distri$ution* 3eometric or 5ormal distri$ution
as a model so that &e can interpret o$ser.ed data" ' .er! useful application of the
4
-test occurs in
contingenc! ta$les* to decide &hether t&o .aria$les are independent or not" ' contingenc! ta$le is
usuall! constructed for the purpose of stud!ing the relationship $et&een .aria$les of classification" #n
m! anal!sis # used the
4
-test in contingenc! ta$les to determine &hether there is an association
$et&een emplo!ees6 se and their industrial groupings"
Ta$le 9$"1 $elo& sho&s a.erage num$er of emplo!ees* $! se and industr! for the ten-!ear period
under stud!" These a.erages &ere used as the o$ser.ed frequencies in the follo&ing anal!sis"
:9


Table 4b.1: Distribution of Observed frequencies
Sex
Industry
Male Bemale
"otal
Distri$ution C1 C4C 14 ;78 ;9 91:
Health : 8<0 7 ;40 19 C:0
+onstruction 14 C<9 80C 1< :90
Binance 19 :8: C <00 40 78:
Manufacturing 1<C 1;: 1< 08; 1984;4
Transport <9 4C1 < :08 <; ;;0
'dministration 49 8C9 : <4: <0 478
@ducation 18 1:C 1C ;;1 <: 84;
@lectricit! ::<C <89 5930
Domestic Workers :0 ;:8 41 7C0 ;4 C18
,ther #ndustries 78 C07 14 4;1 101 7;8
Total
9:: 499 101 894 ::; 17C
Hy8ot6esis3 #s there an association $et&een the emplo!ees6 se and industrial groupingsO Test at
:P le.el of significant"
SOLUTION3
H0> there is no association $et&een the emplo!ees6 se and industrial groupings"
H1> there is an association $et&een the emplo!ees6 se and industrial groupings"
E.8ecte2 ,-e9/encies3
::


Bormula> @pected Brequenc! J +olumn Total Ro& Total
:C


3rand Total
:;

%
;H '&! J ':*=&E
't :P le.el &e reAect H0 if
%
cal V
4
:P (10)

%
cal J R S(,-@)
4
T @
J C0<:<"19;9:
J C0<:<"1: (4 d"p")
Since
%
cal K
critical .alue of 17"<0;* &e reAect H0 and conclude that at :P le.el of significance* there
is indeed an association $et&een emplo!ees6 se and the industrial groupings"
Concl/sion
There is a great association $et&een emplo!ees6 se and industrial groupings Q that is female
emplo!ees are more associated &ith ser.ice-pro.iding industrial groupings and male emplo!ees ha.e
a higher chance of $eing emplo!ed in the other industrial groupings"
:7


CHAPTER 43 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
4*' RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE OR+ANIZATION
T6e nee2 to c-eate g-eate- statistical awa-eness
Statistical a&areness in the %im$a$&ean societ! is generall! .er! lo&" There is .er! little
appreciation of statistics as most people .ie& it as the mere production of figures &ithout kno&ledge
of ho& to interpret them or their significance* in some cases one might encounter a compan!6s
Managing Director refusing to suppl! the necessar! data" %#MST'T thus needs to>
'd.ocate for and market statistics $! carr!ing out campaigns amongst all ke!
stake-holders and the general pu$lic
@ffecti.el! use resources $! promoting the use of statistics in societ!
Build and de.elop greater statistical capacit! $! channeling funds and sourcing
in.estments for the de.elopment of the national statistical s!stem as a &hole"
T6e nee2 to /82ate t6e Statistical 2atabase
%#MD'T the statistical data$ase used $! the %#MST'T should $e frequentl! updated to
pro.ide up-to-date statistical information &hich is much needed $! the end users"
T6e-e is nee2 to stic1 to t6e inte-national stan2a-2s o7 2ata collection
The office must ensure that up-to-date standards are emplo!ed so as to ensure that useful
information is collected and international comparisons are eased"
:8


To t6e IMT section
4*% RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE UNI)ERSIT#
There is need for the &ork-related learning department to liaise more &ith industr! in sourcing
placements for students going for &ork-related learning "The uni.ersit! can do this $! esta$lishing an
#ndustrial Liaison office &hose sole responsi$ilit! is to source for places of attachment for students
prior to the period of commencement" This has to $e so as it is rather difficult to secure a place for
attachment purposes"
The uni.ersit! needs to source more computers for the department in order to create practical
kno&ledge of the statistical soft&are6s such as Minita$* S'S* S?SS and @cel to students prior going
for attachment since these packages are .er! helpful in the compilation of proAects" # also noted that
most cases* the students spent most of their time carr!ing out sur.e!s and # suggest if possi$le for the
department to offer a module on Sur.e!ing Techniques on a compulsor! $asis for the second !ear
students"
The uni.ersit! needs to source computers for the department Mathematics as practical
kno&ledge of the $asic applications (Microsoft Word* @cel* ?o&er-point etc) is
$elo& par"
# &ould like to commend the good &ork $eing done $! the 'pplied Mathematics Department in
terms of organi0ing attachment for students" Students in our department found the task of securing
attachment places much easier as compared to students in other departments" # urge the
department to continue maintaining good relations &ith the industr!"
There is need for the students to ha.e the kno&ledge of fundamental statistical packages such as
S'S and S?SS in addition to mathematical packages like M'TH@M'T#+'"
C0


The lecturers should ha.e frequent .isits to the industr! and attend $usiness &orkshops for them
to ha.e the actual feel of &hat is happening in the industr! in order for them to produce full!
$acked graduates"
4*= CONCLUSION
M! industrial attachment at the +entral Statistical ,ffice &as an e!e opener" #t &ent a long &a! in
enriching m! kno&ledge of the application of statistics in $oth the local and international markets" #
can confidentl! sa! this &as indeed a .alue adding eperience" This has ena$led me to take a $ig
stride to&ards achie.ing one of m! goals &hich is that of contri$uting to&ards the greater
de.elopment of the industr! through the pro.ision of accurate and timel! statistics and statistical
solutions"
C1


APPENDIB
,OUR PRO)INCES ANNUAL A)ERA+E
EMPLO#EES "# #EARL INDUSTRIAL
+ROUP AND +ENDER
188: 188C 188; 1887 1888 4000 4001 4004 400< 4009
1"Manufacturing Male 19C*78; 1<C*8<4 197*94< 1<<*;:7 14;*CCC 190*;;9 199*8C8 1<8*0;7 144*C8< 140*:C1
Bemale 11*088 14*0C1 1:*0:9 14*<<0 14*9:8 14*:<7 1<*C<1 19*C47 1<*;1C 1<*9::
4"@lectricit! Male <*:<; 4*818 7*<1: 9*C70 C*4;9 :*9:7 :*84; ;*407 C*0<< :*007
Bemale 411 74 988 <7: 9C1 949 9<9 :18 979 9<8
<"+onstruction Male 18*1<4 41*8C8 41*7;7 1:*9C7 1:*0<C 8*<1; ;*19< C*770 :*1<C 9*<7C
Bemale ;98 1*917 1*C87 1*14: 1*0;7 ;7; C<: C:; 9;8 9<9
9"Binance Male 14*04C 11*7C8 1<*7:4 14*901 1<*C9: 1:*74C 1C*<:< 1C*;0C 1;*:97 1:*;48
Bemale 9*191 :*<88 C*918 C*149 :*8:C C*<;7 C*7<8 C*;14 7*090 C*881
:"Distri$ution Male C1*CC< C0*<74 C4*7<1 :8*114 :8*C07 C9*1<: CC*7C< CC*8;8 :8*1C7 ::*:4<
Bemale 10*;41 10*890 14*419 11*:;< 11*791 1<*404 19*4C0 19*C:4 19*<<9 19*1:;
C"Transport Male <;*404 <:*019 <;*<89 <:*8;: <:*984 <:*84C <:*<49 <1*97; <0*:48 47*4;4
Bemale 4*C1: <*1;0 <*:1: <*9;1 <*C<: 9*007 9*447 <*C99 <*:14 <*480
;"'dministratio
n Male 47*78: 4;*9<; 4C*104 4:*087 49*149 4<*:;< 49*0<7 49*99: 44*9C; 4<*9C:
Bemale :*<11 9*704 9*;:C :*<C7 :*900 :*<4< :*9C1 :*CC; :*::: :*C1<
7"@ducation Male 18*490 18*:;; 18*;;; 18*9<< 41*748 44*7<C 17*714 1C*9C< 1C*1<4 1;*9C4
C4


Bemale 1:*0<1 1:*:94 1:*08; 1:*7CC 1;*84: 18*:44 1;*<88 1C*<1: 1C*:4< 17*98<
8"Health Male :*7:1 :*;CC :*8;0 :*780 C*:9: C*07; C*<11 C*0;1 :*1;; :*C<7
Bemale 7*C<1 7*:9C 7*::: 7*9;4 7*941 7*9:9 7*77< 7*798 7*7:C 8*:<9
10"Domestic
Workers Male :0*;C0 :0*;C0 :0*;C1 :0*;C1 :0*;C1 :0*;C1 :0*;C1 :0*;C1 :0*;7< :0*;40
Bemale 41*7:7 41*7:7 41*7:8 41*7C0 41*7C0 41*7C0 41*7C0 41*7C0 41*7C9 41*7CC
11",ther
industries Male 7<*;;9 70*017 79*7CC 7:*497 78*7C7 8:*17< 8C*009 8;*8;0 81*749 81*<4;
Bemale 8*97C 10*::1 10*7<8 11*9C9 14*;;9 1<*040 1<*01; 19*171 1<*;0; 1<*CC8
T,T'L Male 9C7*8;: 9:4*C94 970*1C; 99;*749 9:0*79C 9C8*7;< 9;4*:09 9C9*09C 94;*980 917*078
Bemale 78*7:4 89*<C; 100*:09 87*0<7 101*710 10:*:1: 10C*C9: 10;*C74 10;*0;0 10;*890
3R'5D T,T'L ::7*747 :9;*008 :70*C;4 :9:*7C4 ::4*C:C :;:*<77 :;8*198 :;1*;47 :<9*:C0 :4C*047
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IDUSTRIAL SUPER)ISOR MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM*
STUDENT MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM*
ACADEMIC SUPER)ISOR MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM**
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