LGS Vol2 Austronesian Phylo

3= AUSTRONESIAN phylosector Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory page 225

3=AUSTRONESIAN phylosector
This phylosector covers 72 sets of languages (1,179 outer languages, comprising 3,182 inner languages) spoken by
predominantly island-dwelling communities, located from the western Indian Ocean to the eastern Pacific and
constituting the Austronesian intercontinental affinity. They extend more than half-way around the planet (eastwards
from 43 E to 109 W; see note under phylozone 39=), and have also been associated with the languages of
phylozone 47=Daic, within the "Austro-Tai" hypothesis.
Zone 30= covers languages spoken on the island of Taiwan (Formosa), and zone 31= covers languages spoken by
communities situated on most of the islands from the Philippines and the Celebes through Java, Southeast Asia
(including Hainan island in China), Borneo and Sumatra to Madagascar:
30=TAIWANIC 31=HESPERONESIC
Zones 32= to 39= cover languages spoken on most of the islands from the Nusa Tenggera archipelago through New
Guinea and across the Pacific, as far as New Zealand / Aotearoa, French Polynesia and Hawaii:
32=MESONESIC 33=HALMAYAPENIC 34=NEOGUINEIC
35=MANUSIC 36=SOLOMONIC 37=KANAKIC
38=WESTPACIFIC 39=TRANSPACIFIC
Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One
Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed
by e-mail at: REGISTER@LINGUASPHERE.ORG, or by letter-post at: LINGUASPHERE PRESS, HEBRON SA34 0XT, WALES (UK).
COLUMN 1 & 2
layers of reference
codes and reference-names
COLUMN 3
other nomenclature and notes
COLUMNS 4 & 5
nation-states scale of
(+ provinces) and speakers
30=
TAIWANIC
phylozone
covers the "Formosan" grouping, part of the "Austronesian"
intercontinental affinity; comprising 11 sets of languages (= 24
outer languages) spoken by communities on Taiwan island
(Formosa):
30-A SQOLEQ+ SEDEQ 30-B BASAY+ KAVA*
30-C SAISIYAT+ TAOKAS 30-D THAO
30-E TSOU+ KANABU 30-F HOANYA+ SIRAYA*
30-G PAIWAN 30-H RUKAI
30-I BUNUN+ BUKUN 30-J PIYUMA+ PIMAMBA
30-K AMIS+ NATAORAN
The languages covered by this zone display the greatest
degree of internal diversity within the "Austronesian" affinity,
but have been largely submerged by [79] Min-nan (Chinese).
China (Taiwan)
5
30-A SQOLEQ+ SEDEQ
set
ATAYALIC, "formosan"-NE. $bilingual in [79] Min-nan
30-AA SQOLEQ+ SEDEQ
chain
30-AAA SQOLEQ+ TSOLE
net
atayal, ataiyal, attayal, tayal, tyal, taiyal, taijyal further dialects to be
identified (to a total of at least 34, for Sqoleq and Tsole combined)
30-AAA-a Sqoleq sqoliq, squliq Tatu Hain-bon valleys dialects to be added Taiwan 4
30-AAA-aa bonotsek Taiwan
30-AAA-ab chin-wan Taiwan
30-AAA-ac shabogala Taiwan
30-AAA-ad takonan Taiwan
30-AAA-ae tangao Taiwan
30-AAA-af yukan Taiwan
page 226 The Linguasphere Register

1999 / 2000 edition
30-AAA-b Tsole ts'ole', ci'uli in fragmented enclaves around northern mountains:
Wanta Nan-shih Chien-shih Nan-ao coast dialects to be
added
Taiwan 4*
30-AAA-ba mana-wyan Taiwan
30-AAA-bb mayrinax +heavily influenced by Sqoleq dialects Taiwan
30-AAA-bc pa'kuali' Taiwan
30-AAA-bd sikikun +heavily influenced by Sqoleq dialects Taiwan
30-AAB SEDEQ net Taiwan
30-AAB-a Sedeq sedek, sediakka, sedik, sediq, seedik, seedeq, shedekka, sejiq,
saediq, daiya-ataiyal, daiya ataiyal Wan-li middle valley Ho-ping
coast
Taiwan 4
30-AAB-aa taroko "standard" sedeq Taiwan
30-AAB-ab bu-hwan Taiwan
30-AAB-ac che-whan Taiwan
30-AAB-ad hogo hoogoo Taiwan
30-AAB-ae iboho Taiwan
30-AAB-af paran Taiwan
30-AAB-ag sazek Taiwan
30-B BASAY+ KAVA* set FORMOSAN-NORTH +influenced (sinicised) and submerged by [79]
Min-nan
30-BA BASAY* chain
30-BAA BASAY net Taiwan
30-BAA-a Basay Tan-shui Su-ao extinct Taiwan 0
30-BAA-aa kawanu-wan kawanu, basay-A., kiwanu-wan Taipei-N.&-E.: Tan-shui Jui-fang Taiwan 0
30-BAA-ab trobia-wan I-lan-E. coastal enclave Taiwan 0
30-BAA-ac linaw-quaqual* Su-ao coastal enclave Taiwan 0
30-BB KATANGA+ LUI*
chain

30-BBA KATANGA+ LUI net
30-BBA-a Katanga+ Lui Taipei-S.&-W.: Lin-kou Hsin-tien extinct Taiwan 0
30-BBA-aa katanga-lan katanga, ketaban, ketanga-nan, ketaga-lan, tanga-lan Taiwan 0
30-BBA-ab lui-lang Taiwan 0
30-BC KULUN* chain
30-BCA KULUN* net
30-BCA-a Kulun Tamshui lower left bank: T'ao-yuan-E. extinct Taiwan 0
30-BCA-aa kulun kulon Taiwan 0
30-BD KAVA+ KAREO*
chain
30-BDA KAVA+ KAREO net
30-BDA-a Kava+ Kareo formerly Tou-cheng Lan-yang valley; migration of last speakers >
Hualien east coast $bilingual in [79] Min-nan last surviving language
in Basay-Kava set, with less than 100 speakers in 1987; now
submerged by [79] Min-nan and/or replaced by [30] Sqoleq
Taiwan 1*
30-BDA-aa kava-lan kaba-laan, kaba-ran, caba-ran, kamalan, kba-lan, kava-nan, kiba-lan,
kiwa-raw, kuva-lan, kavara-uan, kuvara-wan, kuwara-wan, kva-lan
Taiwan
30-BDA-ab kareo-wan kareo-van Taiwan
30-BDA-ac shek-wan* Taiwan
30-C SAISIYAT+ TAOKAS
set
FORMOSAN-NORTHWEST +influenced (sinicised) and submerged
by [79] Min-nan
30-CA SAISIYAT chain
30-CAA SAISIYAT net
30-CAA-a Saisiyat saiset, saisett, saisiat, saisiett, saisirat, seisirat, saisyet, saisyett,
amutoura, bouiok Wu-chih mountains $bilingual in [79] Min-nan
Taiwan 3
30-CAA-aa taai saisiyat-N. Taiwan 2
30-CAA-ab tungho saisiyat-S. Taiwan 3
30-CB TAOKAS+ BABUZA
chain

30-CBA TAOKAS net
30-CBA-a Taokas Tou-chien Taan valleys extinct Taiwan 0
30-CBA-aa taokas taoka, taokat Taiwan 0

30-CBB PAZEH+ KAHABU
net
30-CBB-a Pazeh+ Kahabu Tachia middle valley last few elderly speakers alive in 1990
$bilingual in [79] Min-nan
Taiwan 1*
30-CBB-aa pazeh pazehe, pazex, pazzehe Taiwan 1*
30-CBB-ab kahabu kazebu Taiwan 0
30-CBB-ac lek-whan Taiwan 0
30-CBB-ad shek-hwan shek-hoan, sek-hwan 2 Taiwan 0
30-CBC BABUZA net
30-CBC-a Babuza Tatu+ Cho-shui lower rivers & coastal plain Taiwan 1
30-CBC-aa babuza-A. babusa, poavosa $bilingual in [79] Min-nan Taiwan 1
30-CBC-ab favor-lang* favor-langsch Taiwan 0*
30-CBC-ac jabor-lang* Taiwan 0*
30-CC PAPORA* chain
30-CCA PAPORA net
30-CCA-a Papora Ta-chia river-mouth Tai-chung extinct Taiwan 0
30-CCA-aa papora-A. bupuran, papola, vupuran Taiwan 0
30-CCA-ab hinapavosa* Taiwan 0
30-D THAO set FORMOSAN-NORTH-CENTRAL +influenced (sinicised) and
submerged by [79] Min-nan
30-DA THAO chain
30-DAA THAO net
30-DAA-a Thao sao, sau, shao, vulung, vonum 2, nakuijyo 2 Sui-sha, Jih-yeh
lake $bilingual in [79] Min-nan
Taiwan 2
30-DAA-aa brawbraw Taiwan
30-DAA-ab shtafari Taiwan
30-DAA-ac tsui-whan chui-huan, chui-hwan Taiwan
30-E TSOU+ KANABU set FORMOSAN-WEST-CENTRAL, "tsouic"
30-EA TSOU+ KANABU
chain
30-EAA TSOU net "tsouic"-N.
30-EAA-a Tsou tsu-u, tsoo, tso'o, tsuou, tsu-wo, tzo, namakaban, niitaka, tibola,
tibolah, tibolak, tibolal, nakuijyo Yu+ Ali+ Shih-pi massif Tseng-
wen upper valley Chi-shan upper valley $bilingual in [79] Min-nan
and/or Putonghua
Taiwan 3
30-EAA-aa duhtu luhtu Ho-she Taiwan
30-EAA-ab tapangu Ta-pang Taiwan
30-EAA-ac tfuea Ali-W. mountain. Taiwan
30-EAA-ad imutsu iimutsu Taiwan 0
30-EAB KANABU+ SAAROA
net
"tsouic"-S.
30-EAB-a Kanabu+ Saaroa saaroa+ kanabu Chi-shan, Lao-nung middle valleys $bilingual in
[30] Bunun and [79] Min-nan +submerged by [79] Min-nan and also
partially replaced by [30] Bunun
Taiwan 2
30-EAB-aa kana-kanabu kanabu, kanagou, kanakanavu Chi-shan middle valley: Min-chuan Taiwan 2
30-EAB-aaa kana-kanabu-A. Taiwan
30-EAB-aab nagisaru Taiwan
30-EAB-ab sek-hwan* Taiwan 2
30-EAB-ac saaroa saroa, saarua, rarua, la'alua Lao-nung middle valley 2
30-EAB-aca saaroa-A. Taiwan
30-EAB-acb haisen pachien, paichien, paitsiana Taiwan
30-EAB-acc sisyaban Taiwan
30-F HOANYA+ SIRAYA*
set
FORMOSAN-SOUTHWEST, siraya+ hoanya +influenced (sinicised)
and submerged by [79] Min-nan

30-FA HOANYA+ SIRAYA
chain

30-FAA HOANYA+ SIRAYA
net

30-FAA-a Hoanya+ Arikun kali Nan-t'ou Pu-tai extinct Taiwan 0
30-FAA-aa hoanya hoannya Taiwan 0
30-FAA-ab lloa loa Taiwan 0
30-FAA-ac arikun Taiwan 0
30-FAA-ad baksa Taiwan 0
30-FAA-ae kongana* Taiwan 0

1999 / 2000 edition
30-FAA-b Siraya siraia, siraiya, sideia, sideis, sideisch, "formosan proper" Tseng-
wen Chi-shan valleys extinct
Taiwan 0
30-FAA-ba pepo-hwan pepo, pepo-hoan, baksa, siraya "proper", kongana 2 Taiwan 0
30-FAA-bb taivoan tevorang Tseng-wen middle valley Taiwan 0
30-FAA-bc sinkan Taiwan 0
30-FAA-bd lamai Taiwan 0
30-FAA-be longkiau Taiwan 0
30-FAA-bf pongsoia+ dolatok Taiwan 0
30-FAA-bg makatao makattao, takaraya, tta'o Chi-shan lower valley Taiwan 0
30-FAA-bh liuchiu Liu-chiu island Taiwan 0
30-G PAIWAN set
30-GA PAIWAN chain
30-GAA PAIWAN net further dialects to be identified (to a total of at least 22)
30-GAA-a Paiwan paiuan, payowan, kadas 3, tsalisen 2, tsarisen 3 Wuta mountain
Taimali coast Heng-ch'un Kuoy script $bilingual in [79] Min-nan
Taiwan 4
30-GAA-aa shimo-paiwan ka-paiwan-an Taiwan
30-GAA-ab kale-whan kale Taiwan
30-GAA-ac kapiangan kapiyan, kaviangan, kipiyan Taiwan
30-GAA-ad katsausan Taiwan
30-GAA-ae lilisha laliklik, raorik, rikiriki Taiwan
30-GAA-af samobi Taiwan
30-GAA-ag samohai Taiwan
30-GAA-ah saprek Taiwan
30-GAA-ai tamari tsaovali Taiwan
30-GAA-aj butanglu Taiwan
30-GAA-ak stimul Taiwan
30-GAA-al kachirai tsoa-qatsilai Taiwan
30-GAA-am kunanau kulalau Taiwan
30-GAA-an naibun tsa'ovo'ovol, tsa'ova'ovul Taiwan
30-GAA-ao raisha tsala'avus Taiwan
30-GAA-ap tachaban patsavan, patsaval Taiwan
30-H RUKAI set FORMOSAN-CENTRAL-SOUTH
30-HA RUKAI chain
30-HAA RUKAI net
30-HAA-a Rukai drukay, drukai, dyokay, dukai, rutkai, tsalisen, tsarisen, sarisen, kadas
Wuta-N.&-E. mountain: Mao-lin Ta-nan $bilingual in [79] Min-nan
Taiwan 3
30-HAA-aa rukai-A. rukai "proper" Taiwan
30-HAA-aaa banga Taiwan
30-HAA-aab bantan-lang bantan, bantau-rang Taiwan
30-HAA-ab rukai-paiwan "paiwanised" rukai influenced by [30] Paiwan Taiwan
30-HAA-ac taloma taromak, taromaki, taramakau, talamakau, takamakau, dainan Taiwan
30-HAA-ad budai Taiwan
30-HAA-ae labuan Taiwan
30-HAA-af tanan Taiwan
30-HAA-ag maga tordukana Taiwan
30-HAA-ah tona Taiwan
30-HAA-ai mantau-ran upunuhu, opunoho Taiwan
30-I BUNUN+ BUKUN set FORMOSAN-CENTRAL-EAST
30-IA BUNUN+ BUKUN
chain
30-IAA BUNUN+ BUKUN net
30-IAA-a Bunun+ Bukun bunti, bunan, bunum, vonun, vonung, vonum, vunum, vunun, vunung,
nakuijyo 3 Cho-shui+ Hua-lien+ Hsiukuluan+ Pi-nan+ Lao-nung
upper valleys Kuoy; Latin scripts $bilingual in [79] Min-nan
Taiwan 4
30-IAA-aa tako-pulan pulan, bunun-W. Tapu-E.: Tseng-wen upper valley Taiwan 0
30-IAA-ab si-bukun bukun, boukun, boukaun, bukaun, bucoon, vukun, bunun-S., ish-
bukun, shi-bukun, si-boukun, si-boukaun, si-bukaun, si-bucoon, si-
vukun, bu-bukun Tungchu+ Pi-nan upper valleys
Taiwan 3*
30-IAA-ac bunun-N. Tan-nan Wan-li upper valley Taiwan 3*
30-IAA-aca take-todo todo, taki-tudu Taiwan
30-IAA-acb take-bakha bakha, taki-bakha Taiwan
30-IAA-ad bunun-C. Cho-shui upper valley: Tili Pi-nan upper headwaters Taiwan 3*
30-IAA-ada tak-banuath banuath Taiwan
30-IAA-adb take-vatan vatan, taki-vatan Taiwan
30-IAA-ae randai Taiwan 3*
30-IAA-af tondai Taiwan 3*

30-J PIYUMA+ PIMAMBA
set
FORMOSAN-SOUTH
30-JA PIYUMA+ PIMAMBA
chain
30-JAA PIYUMA+ PIMAMBA
net
30-JAA-a Piyuma+ Pimamba puyuma, pyuma, kadas 2 Pi-nan lower right bank: Lu-yeh Chihpen
$bilingual in [79] Min-nan
Taiwan 3
30-JAA-aa pi-yuma-C. yuma-C., nanwang T'ai-tung-E. Taiwan 3
30-JAA-ab pi-yuma-paiwan yuma-paiwan, "paiwanised" pi-yuma influenced by [30] Paiwan Taiwan
30-JAA-ac pi-nan nan Taiwan
30-JAA-ad pi-lam lam, pe-lam Taiwan
30-JAA-ae pi-mamba mamba Taiwan
30-JAA-af panapanayan Taiwan
30-JAA-ag tipun Taiwan
30-K AMIS+ NATAORAN
set
30-KA AMIS chain
30-KAA AMIS net
30-KAA-a Amis amia, including bakurut lam-si-hoan pangtsah, pagcah sabari
maran tanah, in [79] Han-yu: ami Mei-lun T'ai-tung coast
Kuoy script Latin $bilingual in [79] Min-nan
Taiwan 5
30-KAA-aa amis-S. Cheng-kung T'ai-tung coast Hsin-hiang-lan Tawu coastal
enclaves
Taiwan 4*
30-KAA-aaa peinan Taiwan
30-KAA-aab hengch'un hengch'un-amis Taiwan
30-KAA-aac taitung T'ai-tung Taiwan
30-KAA-ab chengkung+
kwangshan
kwangshan+ chengkung, amis-CS. Cheng-kung Kuan-shan Taiwan 4*
30-KAA-aba kwangshan Kuan-shan Taiwan
30-KAA-abb chengkung Cheng-kung Taiwan
30-KAA-ac amis-C. Taiwan 4*
30-KAA-aca haian-amis Taiwan
30-KAA-acb hsiukulan-amis Taiwan
30-KAA-ad tavalong+ vataan vataan+ tavalong, amis-CN., kwangfu, kuangfu Taiwan 4*
30-KAA-ada tavalong Taiwan
30-KAA-adb vataan Taiwan
30-KAA-ae nanshi-amis amis-N. Taiwan 4*
30-KB NATAORAN+
SAKIZAYA chain
30-KBA NATAORAN+
SAKIZAYA net
sakizaya+ nataoran
30-KBA-a Nataoran Fenglin-N. $bilingual in [79] Min-nan Taiwan 1*
30-KBA-aa nataoran Taiwan 1*
30-KBA-b Sakizaya Meilun-NW. $bilingual in [79] Min-nan Taiwan 1
30-KBA-ba sakizaya sakiraya, sakiray Taiwan 1

1999 / 2000 edition
31= HESPERONESIC
phylozone
covers the "Hesperonesian" grouping, part of the
"Austronesian" intercontinental affinity; comprising 18 sets of
languages (= 462 outer languages) spoken by communities
from western Pacific to Indian Ocean, on most islands from
Philippines and Celebes through Java, mainland Southeast
Asia, Hainan, Borneo and Sumatra to Madagascar:
31-A ARTA* 31-B DITAYLIN+ KABALUWEN*
31-C TAGALOG+ ILOCANO 31-D BLAAN+ GIANGAN
31-E SAMA+ BAJAW 31-F IDA'AN+ BAGAHAK
31-G TAMBANUA+ SUMAMBUQ 31-H LUNDAYE+ KELABIT
31-I BINTULU+ BURUSU 31-J MODANG+ TUBU
31-K JAGOI+ AHE* 31-L MAANYAN+ MERINA
31-M MALAYU+ CHAM 31-N BUGIS+ GORONTALO
31-O SANGIR+ TONDANO 31-P PALAU
31-Q YAP 31-R CHAMORRO
including 3 arterial languages: [31-C] Tagalog (Filipino);
[31-M] Malay with Indonesian; [31-M] Jawa (Javanese)
Brunei; Cambodia; Guam;
Indonesia; Madagascar, Malaysia;
Micronesia; New Caledonia /
Kanaky; Northern Mariana Islands;
Philippines (including numbered
administrative regions); Singapore;
Sri Lanka; Thailand; Vietnam; with
migration to Surinam; French
Guiana
8
31-A ARTA* set part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito'
communities
31-AA ARTA chain
31-AAA ARTA net
31-AAA-a Arta Luzon-N. island Philippines (Region III) 1
31-AAA-aa arta nagtipunan 'agta' Villa Santiago Nagtipunan Philippines (Region III) 1
31-B DITAYLIN+
KABALUWEN* set
ALTA, part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata',
'negrito' communities Latin script
31-BA DITAYLIN+
KABALUWEN chain
alta-N.
31-BAA DITAYLIN net
31-BAA-a Ditaylin Luzon-N. island: Bayanihan Diteki Philippines (Region V) 2
31-BAA-aa ditaylin edimala, ditaylin dumagat; baler-'negrito', ditaylin 'agta' community Philippines (Region V) 2
31-BB KABALUWEN chain alta-S.
31-BBA KABALUWEN net
31-BBA-a Kabaluwen kabuluen, kabuluwan, kabulowan, kaboloan, baluga, pugot, kabuluwen
'agta', kabaluwen 'agta', ita Luzon-N. island: Sierra Madre-S. range
Philippines (Regions IV; V) 3
31-BBA-aa 'san-miguel' San Miguel Philippines (Region V) 3
31-BBA-ab bulacan-N. bulakan-S. Bulacan province Philippines (Region IV) 3
31-C TAGALOG+
ILOCANO set
MACRO-PHILIPPINE Latin script
31-CA IVATAN+ YAMI chain "bashiic"
31-CAA YAMI net
31-CAA-a Yami botel-tabago, botel-tobago Lanyu, Botel-Tobago island Taiwan 3
31-CAA-aa yami-A. Taiwan 3
31-CAA-ab imurut imurud, imrut, imrud Taiwan 3*
31-CAB IVATAN net
31-CAB-a Ivatan-N. Batan, Batanes islands also displaced to Minadanao island Philippines (Region III) 4
31-CAB-aa itbayat itbayaten Itbayat island Philippines (Region III)
31-CAB-ab bat-an bat- Batan, Basco-Ivatan Sabtang islands Philippines (Region III)
31-CAB-b Ivatan-S. Babuyan island Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CAB-ba i-bat-an bat, ibat-aan, ivat-an 2, babuy-an Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CB ILOCANO chain
31-CBA ILOCANO net
31-CBA-a Ilocano ilokano, iloko Luzon-N. island Philippines (Regions II; III) 6
31-CBA-aa ilocano-A. Luzon-N.&-W. coasts Magat middle valley Philippines (Regions II; III) 6
31-CBA-ab ilocano-V. "vehicular" ilocano, "vehicular" luzon-N. Philippines (Regions II; III) 6
31-CC ISNAG+ IBANAG
chain
"ibanagic"
31-CCA ISNAG+ ADASEN
net
adasen+ isnag
31-CCA-a Isnag isneg Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-N. mountains: Kabugao
Apayo valley
Philippines (Region II) 4
31-CCA-aa dibagat+ kabugao kabugao+ dibagat Philippines (Region II)
31-CCA-ab bayag Philippines (Region II)
31-CCA-ac calanasan Philippines (Region II)
31-CCA-ad karagawan daragawan Philippines (Region II)
31-CCA-ae talifugu-ripang tawini Philippines (Region II)

31-CCA-b Adasen adasen tinguian, addasen, adasen itneg Luzon island: Cordillera-
Central-N. mountains: Tineg headwaters
31-CCA-ba adasen-W. Tineg upper valley Philippines (Region II) 3*
31-CCA-bb adasen-E. Philippines (Region II) 3*
31-CCB IBANAG+ ITAWIT
net
itawit+ ibanag
31-CCB-a Ibanag ybanag Luzon-N. island Philippines (Regions III; II) 5
31-CCB-aa ibanag-N. "coastal" ibanag, Pamplona Cagayan river-mouth Philippines (Region III) 5
31-CCB-ab ibanag-S. "interior" ibanag Cagayan middle valley: San Pablo Philippines (Region III) 5
31-CCB-b Ibanag-Agta cagayan 'agta'-N., cagayan 'negrito'-N. communities, part of (non-
linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito' communities
Luzon-N. island
Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CCB-ba pamplona-agta pamplona 'agta', pamplona 'atta' Pamplona Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CCB-bb pudtol-agta pudtol 'agta', pudtol 'atta' Pudtol Philippines (Region II) 2
31-CCB-bc villaviciosa-agta villaviciosa 'agta' Villaviciosa Philippines (Region II) 2*
31-CCB-c Itawit Luzon island: Cagayan middle valley Rizal Philippines (Region III) 5
31-CCB-ca itawis itawit, tawit, itawes Cagayan middle valley: Iguig, Chico lower valley:
Piat
31-CCB-d Itawit-Agta cagayan 'agta'-C., cagayan 'negrito'-C. communities, part of (non-
linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito' communities
Luzon island: Cagayan middle valley Rizal
31-CCB-da malaweg malaueg, rizal 'atta', rizal 'agta' Rizal Philippines (Region III) 4
31-CCB-db faire-agta faire 'agta', faire 'atta' Sinundungan valley: Faire-Rizal Philippines (Region III) 2
31-CCC GA'DANG+
GADDANG net
31-CCC-a Ga'dang gadang-N., "pagan" gadang, "upland" gadang Luzon island:
Cordillera-Central foothills: Paracelis
31-CCC-aa baliwon Philippines (Region II)
31-CCC-ab ginabwal Philippines (Region II)
31-CCC-ac iraya-2 Philippines (Region II)
31-CCC-ad masablang Philippines (Region II)
31-CCC-ae katalangan Philippines (Region II)
31-CCC-af kalinga kalina Philippines (Region II)
31-CCC-ag maddukayang Philippines (Region II)
31-CCC-b Gaddang gadang-S., "christian" gadang, "lowland"-gadang Luzon-C. island Philippines (Region III) 4
31-CCC-ba gaddang-SW. cagayan 2 Bagabag Magal upper valley: Bayombong Philippines (Region III) 4
31-CCC-bb gaddang-SE. Cagayan-H valley Philippines (Region III) 4
31-CCD YOGAD net
31-CCD-a Yogad Luzon island: Cagayan-H valley Philippines (Region III) 4
31-CCD-aa yogad Echague Philippines (Region III) 4
31-CD DUPANINAN+
PARANAN chain
DUMAGET, part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata',
'negrito' communities
31-CDA DUPANINAN net
31-CDA-a Dupaninan dupaninan 'agta', cagayan 'agta'-E., cagayan-'negrito' communities-E.
Luzon island: Palaui island: Palanan bay
31-CDA-aa palaui palaui 'agta' Palaui island Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-ab yaga Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-ac tanglagan Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-ad 'santa-ana'-gonzaga Santa Ana-Gonzaga Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-ae barongagunay Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-af camonayan Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-ag 'valley-cove' Valley Cove Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-ah bolos Bolos Point Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-ai 'pe-a-blanca' Pe-a-Blanca Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-aj roso cagayan-SE. Philippines (Region III)
31-CDA-ak 'santa-margarita' Santa Margarita Philippines (Region III)
31-CDB PARANAN+
KASIGURANIN net
dumagat-C.
31-CDB-a Paranan Luzon island: Palanan Philippines (Region III) 4
31-CDB-aa paranan-A. palanenyo, "lowland" paranan Philippines (Region III)
31-CDB-ab palanan palanan 'agta', palanan-dumagat, dumagat-palanan, "palanan-valley"
Palanan valley
Philippines (Region III)
31-CDB-b Cagayan Luzon-N. island Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CDB-ba cagayan cagayan 'agta', cagayan-C. Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CDB-c Dicamay Luzon-N. island: Jones Philippines (Region III) 0
31-CDB-ca dicamay dicamay 'agta', dicamay-dumagat 'agta', dumagat-dicamay Philippines (Region III) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
31-CDB-d Casiguran Luzon-NE. island: Digollorin cape Baler bay Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CDB-da casiguran casiguran 'agta', casiguran-dumagat Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CDB-e Kasiguranin Luzon-NE. island: Casiguran San Ildefonso peninsula Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CDB-ea kasiguranin Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CDC ALABAT+ ANGLAT
net
dumagat-S.
31-CDC-a Alabat+ Anglat Luzon-E. island Philippines (Regions V; VI) 3*
31-CDC-aa alabat alabat 'agta', Alabat island Philippines (Region V) 3*
31-CDC-ab umiray umiray 'agta', umirey, umiray-dumagat, umiray-dumagat 'agta' Philippines (Region V) 3*
31-CDC-ac anglat anglat 'agta' Philippines (Region V) 3*
31-CDC-ad camarines camarines 'agta', camarines-norte 'agta', manide, agiyan Philippines (Region VI) 2
31-CE ITNEG+ KANKANAY
chain
CORDILLERAN-CENTRAL
31-CEA ITNEG +LUBUAGAN
net
itneg+ kalinga
31-CEA-a Itneg+ Binongan Luzon-NW. island: Tineg middle valley Philippines (Region II) 4
31-CEA-aa binongan tinguian, tingguian Ba-ay valley: Licuan Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CEA-ab inlaod Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-ac masadiit Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CEA-ad itneg-S. lubo-tiempo, lubo-tiempo itneg Philippines (Region II) 3*
31-CEA-b LIMOS+ TANUDAN kalinga-N. Luzon-NW. island: Cordillera-CE. mountains: Cagayan
upper valley perhaps to be re-classified as 2 or more outer-
languages
31-CEA-ba butbut Butbut Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CEA-bb limos+ liwan liwan+ limos Philippines (Region II) 4
31-CEA-bc mabaka mabaka itneg, kal-uwan Mabaka valley Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-bd madukayang Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-be mangali Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-bf pangul Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-bg 'lower'-tanudan Tanudan lower valley Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CEA-bh 'upper'-tanudan Tanudan upper valley Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CEA-c Lubuagan+
Guinaang
kalinga-C. Luzon-N. island: Cordillera-Central-C. mountains Philippines (Region II) 4
31-CEA-ca guinaang Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-cb balbalasang Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-cc banao banao itneg, kalinga itneg Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-cd lubuagan lubuagan "proper" Philippines (Region II) 4
31-CEA-ce ableg-salegseg Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-d Sumadel+ Tinglayan kalinga-S. Luzon-N. island: Cordillera-Central-CE. mountains: Chico
upper valley
31-CEA-da mallango Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-db sumadel Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-dc tinglayan Philippines (Region II)
31-CEA-dd bangad Philippines (Region II)
31-CEB BALANGAO net
31-CEB-a Balangao Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-CE. mountains Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CEB-aa balangao balangao bontoc, bontoc-N., balangaw, farangao Paracelis-W. Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CEC KANKANAY+
IGOROT net
bontoc+ kankanay
31-CEC-a Igorot+ Sadanga* central bontoc Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-C. mountains Philippines (Region II) 4
31-CEC-aa i-gorot* gorot, "pseudo" guinaang bontoc Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-ab sadanga Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-ac bayyu Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-b Kadaklan+ Barlig barlig+ kadaklan, bontoc-SE. Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-C.
mountains
31-CEC-ba lias Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-bb barlig Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-bc kadaklan Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-c Kankanay-N. sagada-igorot, igorot, bontoc-W. Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-C.
mountains: Abra upper valley
31-CEC-ca kankanay-A. kankanay "proper" Philippines (Region II) 4
31-CEC-cb kankanay-itneg* kankaney itneg, Abra valley: Pilar-SE. Philippines (Region II) 4

31-CEC-d Kankanay-S. kankanaey, kankanai, 'central kankanay' Luzon island: Cordillera-
Central-S. mountains: Amburayan upper valley Abra headwaters
31-CEC-da mankayan-buguias mankayan buguias Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-db kapangan Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-dc bakun-kibungan bakun kibungan Philippines (Region II)
31-CEC-dd guinzadan Philippines (Region II)
31-CED AMGANAD+
TUWALI net
ifugao
31-CED-a Amganad+ Banaue banaue+ amganad Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-S. mountains:
Amuyao-S. mountain.
31-CED-aa amganad Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-ab burnay Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-ac banaue Banaue Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-b Batad+ Mayoyao mayoyao+ batad Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-S. mountains Philippines (Region II) 4
31-CED-ba ayangan Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-bb batad Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-bc ducligan Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-bd mayoyao mayaoyaw, mayaoyao, mayawyaw, pungianes Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-c Tuwali Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-S. mountains: Tabayoc-NE.
mountain
31-CED-ca kiangan quiangan, gilipan, fugao, I-fugao "proper" Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-cb hapao Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-cc hungduan Philippines (Region II)
31-CED-cd lagawe lagaui Lagawe Philippines (Region II)
31-CF ISINAI chain
31-CFA ISINAI net
31-CFA-a Isinai Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-S.: Magal upper valley Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CFA-aa i-sinai sinai, i-sinay, in-meas Bambang Aritao Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CG KALAHAN+
PANGASINAN chain
"cordilleran"-S., pangasinan+ kalahan, "pagasinic"
31-CGA KALAHAN+ IBALOI
net
ibaloi+ kalahan
31-CGA-a Keleyi+ Bayninan Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-S. mountains: Napayo Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CGA-aa keley-i keley, keleyqiq, keleyqiq i-fugao, keley-i kalahan, keley-i kallahan,
antipolo, antipolo i-fugao distinct from [31] Amganad+Tuwali (Ifugao)
net and [31] Kalahan
31-CGA-ab bayninan Philippines (Region II) 3*
31-CGA-b Iwak* Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-S. mountains Tojongan
Salaksak
31-CGA-ba i-wak wak, i-waak Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CGA-c Kalahan i-kalahan, kallahan, kalangoya, kalanguyya, kalkali Luzon island:
Cordillera-Central-S. mountains
Philippines (Regions II; III; IV) 4
31-CGA-ca kayapa akab Kayapa Philippines
31-CGA-cb tinoc tinoc kalangoya, tinoc kalahan Philippines
31-CGA-d Karao Luzon island: Cordillera-Central-S.: Tabayoc-S. mountain Philippines (Region II) 3
31-CGA-da karao-A. karaw Karaw Philippines (Region II)
31-CGA-db ekip* Ekip Philippines (Region II)
31-CGA-e Ibaloi+ Daklan bengeut, benguet i-gorot, i-gorot, i-godor, gorot, godor Luzon island:
Cordillera-Central-S. mountains: Tabayoc-SW mountain
Philippines (Regions II; III) 4
31-CGA-ea i-baloi baloi, i-baloy, i-badoy, ini-baloi, na-baloi Philippines
31-CGA-eb daklan Philippines
31-CGA-ec kabayan Philippines
31-CGA-ed bokod Philippines
31-CGA-f Pangasinan Luzon island: Alaminos, Lingayen Gulf bay Agno lower valley Philippines (Region IV) 6
31-CGA-fa pangasinan Philippines (Region IV) 6
31-CGB ILONGOT+ IBALAO
net
31-CGB-a Ilongot+ Ibalao Luzon island: Cabarroquis Sierra Madre mountains Philippines (Region III) 3
31-CGB-aa i-lon-got lon-got, lin-got, bugkalut, bukalot Philippines (Region III)
31-CGB-ab abaka abaca Philippines (Region III)
31-CGB-ac e-gon-got gon-got Philippines (Region III)
31-CGB-ad i-balao balao, i-bilao Philippines (Region III)
31-CGB-ae i-talon talon Philippines (Region III)
31-CGB-af i-yon-gut yon-gut Philippines (Region III)

1999 / 2000 edition
31-CH BOLINAO+
PAMPANGAN chain
LUZON-SOUTH, pampangan+ sambalic
31-CHA BOLINAO+ TINA net SAMBALIC, sambal, zambal, part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',
'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito' communities
31-CHA-a Bolinao Luzon island: Bolinao Philippines (Region IV) 4
31-CHA-aa bolinao bolinao sambal, bolinao zambal Philippines (Region IV) 4
31-CHA-b Tina+ Botolan botolan+ tina Luzon island: Infanta Bucao valley Philippines (Region IV) 5
31-CHA-ba tina tino, tina sambal Infanta Iba coast Philippines (Region IV) 4
31-CHA-bb botolan botolan zambal, aeta, aeta 'negrito' communities Bucao valley Philippines (Region IV) 4
31-CHB PAMPANGAN net
31-CHB-a Pampangan pampango Luzon island: Tarlac valley Manila bay Philippines (Region IV) 6
31-CHB-aa ka-pampangan pampangan Pampanga province Philippines (Region IV) 6
31-CHB-ab pampangan-V. "vehicular" pampangan, in [51] Espaol: pampangueo Philippines (Region IV) 6
31-CHC ABENLEN net part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito'
communities
31-CHC-a Abenlen Luzon island: Maontoc Pilyen Philippines (Region IV) 3
31-CHC-aa abenlen abenlan 'agta', abenlen 'ayta', abenlan, abenlan sambal, aburlin
'negrito' communities
Philippines (Region IV) 3
31-CHD MAG-ANCHI net part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito'
communities
31-CHD-a Mag-Anchi Luzon island: Manila bay-NW. (scattered) Philippines (Region IV) 3
31-CHD-aa mag-anchi mag-anchi 'agta', mag-anchi 'ayta', mag-anchi sambal Philippines (Region IV) 3
31-CHE BATAAN net part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito'
communities
31-CHE-a Bataan Luzon island: Mariveles Philippines (Region IV) 2
31-CHE-aa bataan bataan 'agta', bataan sambal, bataan 'ayta', mariveles 'ayta' Philippines (Region IV) 2
31-CHF AMBALA net part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito'
communities
31-CHF-a Ambala Luzon island: Subic Philippines (Region IV) 3
31-CHF-aa ambala ambala 'agta', ambala 'ayta', ambala sambal Philippines (Region IV) 3
31-CHG MAG-INDI net
31-CHG-a Mag-Indi Luzon island: Florida Blanca Porac Philippines 3
31-CHG-aa mag-indi mag-indi 'agta', mag-indi 'ayta', baloga, mag-indi sambal, indi 'ayta' Philippines 3
31-CHH SINAUNA net
31-CHH-a Sinauna Luzon island: Santa Inez Paimohuan Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CHH-aa sinauna remontado, remontado 'agta', hatang, hatang-kayey Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CI IRAYA+ ALANGAN
chain
MINDORO-NORTH
31-CIA IRAYA net
31-CIA-a Iraya Mindoro-N. island: Halcon-W. mountain Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CIA-aa abra-de-ilog Philippines (Region V)
31-CIA-ab alag-bako Philippines (Region V)
31-CIA-ac pagbahan Philippines (Region V)
31-CIA-ad palauan-calavite Philippines (Region V)
31-CIA-ae pambuhan Philippines (Region V)
31-CIA-af 'santa-cruz' Philippines (Region V)
31-CIB ALANGAN net
31-CIB-a Alangan Mindoro-CN. island: Halcon-S. mountain Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CIB-aa alangan Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CIC TADYAWAN* net
31-CIC-a Tadyawan Mindoro-E. island: Naujan-SW. lake Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CIC-aa tadyawan-A. tadianan Philippines (Region V)
31-CIC-ab pula Philippines (Region V)
31-CIC-ac balaban Philippines (Region V)
31-CJ MANGYAN+
PALAYAN chain
MESO-PHILIPPINE-WEST, palayan+ mangyan
31-CJA BUHID+ TAWBUID*
net
mangyan-S., tawbuid+ buhid
31-CJA-a Buhid+ Batangan including tawbuid-E. Mindoro-S. island: Lumintao-E. valley. Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJA-aa buhid buid, bu'id, mindoro bukid Philippines (Region V)
31-CJA-ab bukil buhil, buquil Philippines (Region V)
31-CJA-ac baribi beribi Philippines (Region V)
31-CJA-ad batag-non bangon, bangot Philippines (Region V)
31-CJA-ae batangan binatangan, barangan, bangon, bangot Philippines (Region V)
31-CJA-af tiron Philippines (Region V)
31-CJA-ag suri Philippines (Region V)

31-CJA-b Tawbuid-W. Mindoro-S. island Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJA-ba tawbuid-W. Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJB HANUNOO net mangyan-S.
31-CJB-a Hanunoo+
Kagankan
Mindoro-S. island: San Jose-E. Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CJB-aa hanu-noo hanu Philippines (Region V)
31-CJB-ab gubat-non gubat, gubata-non Philippines (Region V)
31-CJB-ac sorsogo-non sorsogo Philippines (Region V)
31-CJB-ad binli Philippines (Region V)
31-CJB-ae kagankan Philippines (Region V)
31-CJB-af waigan Philippines (Region V)
31-CJB-ag wawan Philippines (Region V)
31-CJB-ah bulalakaw-non bulalakaw, bulalakao Philippines (Region V)
31-CJC KALAMIA+ AGUTAY
net
31-CJC-a Kalamia+ Baras Calamian Palawan-NE. islands Philippines (Region V)
31-CJC-aa kalamia-nen kalamian, calamiano, karamiana-non Coron+ Busuanga islands Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJC-ab kalamian-tagbanwa. tagbanwa-N. Calamian islands Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJC-ac baras Palawan-NE. island:opposite Dumaren island Philippines (Region V) 2*
31-CJC-b Agutay Cuyo-N. islands: Agutaya Quiniluban (Palawan) islands Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CJC-ba agutay-nen agutay-non, agutay-no Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CJD BATAK+ ABORLAN
net
aborlan+ batak
31-CJD-a Batak-E. Palawan-CN. island Philippines (Region V) 2
31-CJD-aa batak-E. palawan batak, tinitianes, babuyan Babuyan 2
31-CJD-b ABORLAN+
SILANGA
Palawan-C. island Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJD-ba aborlan-tagbanwa tagbanwa-C., apurahuano Aborlan Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJD-bb tandula-non* Philippines (Region V)
31-CJD-bc silanga-non* Philippines (Region V)
31-CJE PALAWANO+
BONGGI net
31-CJE-a Palawano-C. Palawan-S. island Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CJE-aa palawano-C. palawa-nen, quezon palawano, in [51] Espaol: palaweo Quezon Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CJE-b Palawano-SW. Palawan-SW. island Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJE-ba palawano-SW. Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJE-c Palawano-SE. Palawan-SE. island Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJE-ca palawano-SE. brooke's-point palawano Brooke's Point Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJE-d Bugsuk palawano-S. Palawan island: Bugsuk island Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJE-da bugsuk Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJE-e Molbog Palawan island: Balabac island Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJE-ea molbog molbog palawano Philippines (Region V) 3
31-CJE-f Bonggi Banggi island Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-CJE-fa bonggi banggi, bangay, banggi dusun, molbog-S. Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-CK TAGALOG+
MARANAO chain
TRANSPHILIPPINE, comprising [31-CKA- to -CKM] "philippine"-C.
[31-CKN to 31-CKO] "philippine"-S. since c.+950: Tagala+Bisaya
script; Perso-Arabic script; Latin script
31-CKA TAGALOG net part of "philippine"-C.
31-CKA-a Tagalog 7
31-CKA-aa tagalog-A. tagalog "proper", pilipino, filipino, philippino, tagala, tagal Philippines
31-CKA-aaa tagalog-F. "standard" tagalog, "old standard" pilipino+ "new standard" filipino Philippines 6
31-CKA-aab tagalog-V. "vehicular" tagalog Philippines
31-CKA-aac manila-U. "popular urban" manila Philippines (Region I)
31-CKA-ab lubang Lubang island: Lubang Philippines (Region V)
31-CKA-ac marinduque Boac island: Marinduque Philippines (Region V)
31-CKA-ad batangas Luzon-C. island: Batangas Philippines (Region V)
31-CKA-ae bulacan-S. bulakan-S. Luzon-C. island: Bulacan Philippines (Region V)
31-CKA-af bataan-'peninsula' Bataan peninsula distinct from [31] Bataan ('Agta') Philippines (Region IV)
31-CKA-ag tanay-paete Tanay Philippines (Region IV)
31-CKA-ah tayabas-'bay' "post"-tayabas-'agta' Tayabas bay distinct from [31] Tayabas
('Agta')
Philippines (Region IV)
31-CKB TAYABAS* net part of "philippine"-C.; part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',

31-CKB-a Tayabas Luzon-S. island Philippines (Region VI) 0
31-CKB-aa tayabas tayabas 'agta', tayabas 'ayta' Tayabas bay assimilated to [31]
Tagalog
Philippines (Region VI) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
31-CKC KATABAGA* net part of "philippine"-C.; part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',

31-CKC-a Katabaga Luzon-S. island Philippines (Region VI) 0
31-CKC-aa catabaga katabaga 'agta' assimilated to [31] Tagalog Bondoc peninsula Philippines (Region VI) 0
31-CKD BIKOL net bicolano, central bikol; part of "philippine"-C.
31-CKD-a Bikol-A. "coastal" bicol, bicol "proper" Luzon-SE. island Philippines (Region VI) 6
31-CKD-aa naga Daet Naga: Bicol lower valley Philippines (Region VI) 6
31-CKD-ab legaspi Legaspi Philippines (Region VI) 5*
31-CKD-ac bicol-V. "vehicular" bikol Philippines (Region VI) 5*
31-CKD-b Bikol-Agta bicol-agta; part of "philippine"-C.; part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta',
'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito' communities
31-CKD-ba isarog isarog 'agta' Isarog mountain Philippines (Region VI) 2
31-CKD-bb iraya-agta iraya 'inagta', itbeg rugnot, buhi-E. 'agta', buhi rugnot-E. including 4
dialects Iraya mountain: Buhi-E. lake
31-CKD-c Virac Cantanduanes-S. island Philippines (Region VI) 4
31-CKD-ca virac cantanduanes bikol, bikol-S. Virac Philippines (Region VI) 4
31-CKE PANDAN-NORTH net bikol-N.; part of "philippine"-C.
31-CKE-a Pandan-N. cantanduanes bikol, bikol-N. Luzon-SE. island: Cantanduanes-N.
island
31-CKE-aa pandan-N. Pandan distinct from [31] Pandan-S. Philippines (Region VI) 4
31-CKF BUHI+ IRIGA net "inland" bikol, bikol-S.; part of "philippine"-C.
31-CKF-a 'Rinconada' Luzon-SE. island Philippines (Region VI) 5
31-CKF-aa 'rinconada' rinconada bikol, iriga bikol Iriga #[51] Espaol rinconada =corner Philippines (Region VI) 5
31-CKF-b Buhi+ Daraga albay bikol Philippines (Region VI) 5
31-CKF-ba buhi-non Buhi lake Philippines (Region VI) 5
31-CKF-bb oas Oas Philippines (Region VI) 4*
31-CKF-bc daraga Philippines (Region VI) 4*
31-CKF-bd libon Philippines (Region VI) 4*
31-CKF-c Iriga part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito'
communities Iriga mountain: Buhi-W. lake
31-CKF-ca iriga san-ramon 'inagta', buhi-W. 'agta', iriga 'negrito' communities Philippines (Region VI) 3
31-CKG CEBUAN+ AKLAN
net
"WIDER"-BISAYAN, comprising [31-CKG-a to f] "wider bisayan"-W.
[31-CKG-g to o] "wider bisayan"-C. (-p to -r) "wider bisayan"-S.;
part of "philippine"-C.
31-CKG-a Datag* Mindoro-S. island Tablas island Philippines (Region V) 1
31-CKG-aa datag-non datag, ratagnon, latagnun, latan, lactan, aradigi Mindoro-S. island
(including Ilin island )
31-CKG-ab 'santa-teresa' Mindoro-S. island Philippines (Region VI) 1*
31-CKG-b Cuyo kuyo Cuyo island migration> Palawan-N. island Philippines (Region V) 5
31-CKG-ba cuyo-non cuyono, cuyonon, cuyo, kuyunon, kuyonon Philippines (Region V) 5
31-CKG-c Kinaray kinaray-a, hinaray-a, karay-a Panay-W. island Guimaras-S. island Philippines (Region VII) 5
31-CKG-ca pandan-S. distinct from [31] Pandan-N. Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-cb hamtik-non hamtik, hamtic, sulud, panayano, in [51] Espaol: antique, antiqueo Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-cc hamtik-ati* hamtik 'ati', part of "philippine"-C., part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta',
'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito' communities
Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-cd anini-y Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-ce pototan Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-cf lambunao Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-cg miag-ao Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-ch guimaras Guimaras-S. island Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-d Aklan panay, aklano, aklanon bisayan Panay-NW. island Philippines (Region VII) 5
31-CKG-da akla-non akla, aklan-N. Panay coast-N. Philippines (Region VII) 5*
31-CKG-db buruanga aklan-NW. Buruanga Philippines (Region VII) 5*
31-CKG-dc alcan aklan-SE. Alcan valley Philippines (Region VII) 5*
31-CKG-dd malay-non Panay island: Malay Philippines (Region VII) 3
31-CKG-e Semirara+ Sibay Semirara islands Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CKG-ea semirara-A. Semirara island Philippines (Region V)
31-CKG-eb caluya-nun caluya, caluya-nen, caluya-nhon Caluya island Philippines (Region V)
31-CKG-ec sibay Sibay island Philippines (Region V)
31-CKG-f Inonhan 'unhan', looc+ alcantara Tablas-S.+ Carabao island Philippines (Region V) 4
31-CKG-fa looc-non looc Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-fb dispohol-non dispohol Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-fc alcantara-non alcantara Philippines (Region VII)

31-CKG-g Bantua+ Odiogan asiq Tablas-NW. island Banton+ Simara+ Maestre de Campo
islands
Philippines (Region VII) 4
31-CKG-ga odiogan-non odiogan, odioga-non Tablas-W. island: Odiogan Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-gb sibale-non sibale, sibale-nhon Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-gc calatrava-non calatrava, calatrava-nhon Tablas-N. island: Calatrava Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-gd simara-non simara, simara-nhon Simara island Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-ge bantua-non bantua, banton Banton island Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-h Rombloma+
Sibuyan
Tablas-NE. island Romblon island Sibuyan island Panay-N.
island
31-CKG-ha rombloma-non rombloma, romblon Romblon island Philippines (Region VII) 4*
31-CKG-hb sibuyan Sibuyan island Philippines (Region VII) 5*
31-CKG-hc basiq Philippines (Region VII) 4*
31-CKG-i Masbate+ Burias Burias-S. island Masbate island Luzon-S. island Philippines (Region VII) 5
31-CKG-ia burias Burias-S. island Philippines (Region VII) 4*
31-CKG-ib masbate-o masbate, minasbate, masbate-nyo Masbate-C.+ S. island Ticao
island
31-CKG-ic sorsogon-N. sorsogon bikol-N. Sorsogon bay Philippines (Region VII) 4*
31-CKG-j Sorsogon-S. Luzon-S. island Philippines (Region VI) 5
31-CKG-ja sorsogon-S. waray-sorsogon, sorsogon bikol-S., gubat Bulusan peninsula Philippines (Region VI) 5
31-CKG-k Samar+ Leyte waray-waray, waray, binisaya Philippines (Region VIII ) 6
31-CKG-ka samar-N. samaran-N., samareo-N. Samar-N. island Philippines (Region VIII) 5*
31-CKG-kb samar-S. samaran-S., samareo-S. Samar-S. island Philippines (Region VIII) 5*
31-CKG-kc leyte Leyte-W. island Philippines (Region VIII ) 5*
31-CKG-kd homo-nhon homo Homonhon island Philippines (Region VIII ) 4*
31-CKG-l Hiligay hiligay-non, hiligainon, ilonggo Panay-E. island Negros-W. island Philippines (Regions VI; VII; VIII) 6
31-CKG-la panay Panay-E. Guimaras-N. islands Philippines (Region VII)
31-CKG-lb bantayan Bantayan island Philippines (Region VIII )
31-CKG-lc bacolod Negros-N. island: Baclod Philippines (Region VI)
31-CKG-ld kawayan Negros-W. island: Cauayan Philippines (Region VI)
31-CKG-le hiligay-V. "vehicular" hiligay Philippines (Region VI; VII; VIII)
31-CKG-m Capiz Philippines (Region VII) 5
31-CKG-ma capiz-non capiz, capisa-no, capise-o Philippines (Region VIII) 5
31-CKG-n Panay-Ati panay 'ati', panay 'ata', panay 'inati'; part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta',
'atta', 'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito' communities Panay island
(scattered)
31-CKG-na barotac in [51] Espaol: viejo nagpana (=old nagpana) Philippines (Region VII) 3
31-CKG-nb malay-ati influenced by [31] Malay-non Malay Philippines (Region VII) 1
31-CKG-o Poroha Camotes islands Philippines (Region VIII) 4
31-CKG-oa poroha-non poroha, camotes 4
31-CKG-p Cebuan+ Visayan "Wider"-Cebuano, cebuan-no, sebuano, sebuan-no, sugbuha-non,
sugbua-non Negros-E. island Cebu island Bohol island
Philippines (Regions VIII; IX; X) 7
31-CKG-pa cebuan-V. "vehicular" cebuan Philippines (Regions VIII; IX; X) 7
31-CKG-pb cebuan-negros Negros island Philippines (Region VIII ) 6*
31-CKG-pc cebuan-no cebuan, cebu, Cebu island Philippines (Region VIII ) 6*
31-CKG-pd cebuan-masbate Masbate-S. island +transition to [31] Masbate+ Burias Philippines (Region VIII) 5*
31-CKG-pe cebuan-leyte Leyte-W. Biliran-W. islands +transition to [31] Samar+ Leyte Philippines (Region VIII) 6*
31-CKG-pf bohol-a-no bohol, boholano Bohol island Philippines (Region VIII) 6*
31-CKG-pg cebuan-siquijor Siquijor island Philippines (Region VIII) 5*
31-CKG-ph 'visayan'-N. bisayan "proper"-N., binisaya-N. Mindanao-N. island Philippines (Region IX) 6*
31-CKG-pi 'visayan'-S. bisayan "proper"-S., binisaya-S. Mindanao-S. island Philippines (Region X) 6*
31-CKG-q Butuan+ Tausug Philippines 5
31-CKG-qa butuan-non butuan, butuanon Mindanao-N. island: Butuan bay Philippines (Region IX) 5*
31-CKG-qb moro-joloan-no moro-joloan, sulu, sooloo Sulu archipelago: Julu island Tapul
islands
Philippines (Regon X) 4*
31-CKG-qc suluk migration from Sulu archipelago> Borneo-NE. island: Banggi island
Darvel bay Sembakung delta
Malaysia (Sabah); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
5
31-CKG-qd tau-sug-V. "muslim vehicular" tau-sug, taw-sug, tau-sog, taosug Philippines; Malaysia; Indonesia 5
31-CKG-r Surigao Mindanao-N. island Philippines (Region IX) 6*
31-CKG-ra surigao-non surigao, Mindanao-N. island Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKG-rb cantilan kantilan Mindanao-N. island Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKG-rc jaun-jaun Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKG-rd 'naturalis' Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKG-re dinagat Dinagat island Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKG-rf siargo Siargo island Philippines (Region IX)

1999 / 2000 edition
31-CKH SORSOGON-AGTA
net
part of "philippine"-C., part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',
31-CKH-a Sorsogon-Agta Luzon-SE. island: Sorsogon Philippines (Region VI) 1
31-CKH-aa sorsogon-agta sorsogon 'agta', sorsogon 'ayta' Prieto Diaz distinct from [31]
Masbate+ Burias (incl. Sorsogon-N.) and [31] Sorsogon-S.
31-CKI SULOD* net part of "philippine"-C., part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',
31-CKI-a Sulod Panay island Philippines (Region VII) 4
31-CKI-aa sulod sudlod 'agta', panay bukid-non, mondo Philippines (Region VII) 4
31-CKJ MAGAHAT* net part of "philippine"-C., part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',
31-CKJ-a Magahat Arniyo mountain Negros-SW. island Philippines (Regions VII; VIII) 1*
31-CKJ-aa magahat negros-bukid-non, bukid-non, ata-man Philippines (Regions VII; VIII)
31-CKK 'NEGROS-AGTA'*
net
part of "philippine"-C., part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',
31-CKK-a 'Negros-agta' Mabinay Negros-E. island Philippines (Region VIII) 1
31-CKK-aa 'negros-agta' negros 'atta', negros-ata Philippines (Region VIII) 1
31-CKL 'CAROLANOS'* net karolanos, part of "philippine"-C.
31-CKL-a 'Carolanos' carolanos Negros-C. island Philippines (Regions VII; VIII) 2*
31-CKL-aa 'carolanos' Philippines (Regions VII; VIII)
31-CKM MAMANWA net part of "philippine"-C., part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',
31-CKM-a Mamanwa Mindanao-N. island Philippines (Region IX) 3
31-CKM-aa mamanwa minamanwa, mamanwa 'negrito' communities, mamanwa samba
Mainit lake
Philippines (Region IX) 3
31-CKN MANDAYA+
CAMAYO net
MANSAKAN; part of "philippine"-S.
31-CKN-a Camayo Mindanao-E. island Philippines (Region IX) 4*
31-CKN-aa camayo-N. Bislig Philippines (Region IX) 4*
31-CKN-ab camayo-S. Lingig Philippines (Region IX) 4*
31-CKN-b Davawenyo-E. Mindanao-SE. island Philippines (Region X) 5
31-CKN-ba davawenyo-E. "highland" davawenyo, in [51] Espaol: davaoeo oriental Cateel
Tarragona coastal mountains
Philippines (Region X)
31-CKN-c Davawenyo-W. Mindanao-S. island Philippines (Region X) 5
31-CKN-ca davawenyo-W. matino, "lowland" davawenyo, transphilippine-creole, davaweo
creole, in [51] Espaol: davaoeo occidental Davao
31-CKN-d Mandaya Compostela Pujada bay Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKN-da sangab Carraga headwaters Philippines (Region X) 3*
31-CKN-db cataelano cataelano-mandaya, cateelenyo Cateel Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKN-dc karaga caraga, carraga, mandaya, caraga-mandaya, manay-mandayan,
mangaragan-mandaya Lamiyawan
Philippines (Region X) 3
31-CKN-dd mansaka mandaya-mansaka Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKN-e Kalagan Mindanao-S. island: Davao Gulf bay Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKN-ea i-samal samal Samal island Philippines (Region X)
31-CKN-eb piso Philippines (Region X)
31-CKN-ec tumuaong Philippines (Region X)
31-CKN-ed lactan Philippines (Region X)
31-CKN-f Cagan Mindanao-S. island: Davao Gulf-NW. bay Philippines (Region X) 3
31-CKN-fa cagan kagan, kalagan Davao Philippines (Region X) 3
31-CKN-g Tagakaulu Mindanao-S. island: Davao Gulf-SW. bay Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKN-ga tagakaulu tagakaulu kalagan, tagakaolo Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKO AGUSAN+
SARANGANI net
MANOBO, part of "philippine"-S.
31-CKO-a Cagayanen kagayanen, part of manobo-N. Cagayanen islands Palawan N.+
C. island
Philippines 4
31-CKO-aa cagayanen cagayano-cillo, cagayancillo Philippines 4
31-CKO-b Cinamigin part of manobo-N. Mindanao island: Camiguin island Philippines (Region IX) 4
31-CKO-ba cinamigin cinamiguin, cinamiguin manobo, kinamigin, kamigin Philippines (Region IX) 4
31-CKO-c Binukid part of manobo-N. Mindanao-CN. island Philippines (Region IX) 5
31-CKO-ca binukid-non binukid, binokid-non, mindanao bukid-non-N. Cagayan middle
valley Pulangi upper valley
31-CKO-d Higao part of manobo-N. Mindanao-C. island Philippines (Region IX) 3
31-CKO-da higao-non higao, misamis-higao-non, higao-non manobo Philippines (Region IX) 3

31-CKO-e Agusan+ Banua agusan manobo; part of manobo-C. Mindanao-NE. island: Agusan
middle river-basin
31-CKO-ea agusan Agusan middle valley Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKO-eb omayam-non omayam, umayam-non Umayan valley Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKO-ec adga-wan Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKO-ed banua-non banua, banwaon Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKO-ee sagunto Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKO-f Dibaba+ Manguaga part of central manobo Mindanao-E. island Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKO-fa dibaba-won didaba, mandaya, dibabaon, debabaon, dibabawon manobo Agusan
upper valley: Monkayo
Philippines (Region X) 3*
31-CKO-fb manguaga manguagan, manguagan manobo Philippines (Region X) 3*
31-CKO-g Kabunsuwan part of central manobo Mindanao-E. island Philippines (Region IX) 3*
31-CKO-ga kabunsu-wan rajah-kabunsuwan, rajah-kabungsuan manobo Bislig-N. coast Philippines (Region IX) 3*
31-CKO-h 'Manobo-Agta' part of central manobo; part of (non-linguistic) 'agta', 'ayta', 'atta',
'inagta', 'ati, 'ata', 'negrito' communities Mindanao-C. island
31-CKO-ha 'manobo-agta' 'agta' manobo, 'ata' manobo, 'ata'-o-manobo, davao 'ata', langilang
Kapalong Davao upper valley
31-CKO-i Matig-Salug+ Tigwa part of central manobo Mindanao-C. island Philippines (Regions IX; X) 4
31-CKO-ia matig-salug salug-E., matig salug, matig salud, matig-salug manobo Davao upper
valley
Philippines
31-CKO-ib kulamanen Philippines
31-CKO-ic tigwa Philippines
31-CKO-id tala-ingod Philippines
31-CKO-ie langilan langilang 2 Philippines
31-CKO-j Obo part of central manobo Mindanao-C. island Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKO-ja obo obo bagobo, bagobo, kidapawan, kidapawan manobo Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKO-k Pulangi+ Kiriyente mindanao bukid-non-S., ' manobo-bukid-non-W.'; part of central
manobo Mindanao-C. island: Mulita upper valley Pulangi upper &
middle valley (Maramag)
31-CKO-ka ilentun-gen Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKO-kb kiriyente-ken Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKO-kc pulangi-yen pulangi "proper" Pulangi upper & middle valley Philippines (Region IX)
31-CKO-l Ilia+ Puleni ilianen manobo; part of central manobo Mindanao-C. island: Pulangi
middle river-basin
31-CKO-la ilia-nen Philippines (Region X) 3
31-CKO-lb livunga-nen Philippines (Region X) 3
31-CKO-lc puleni-yan Philippines (Region X) 3
31-CKO-m Tagabawa part of manobo-S. Mindanao-S. island Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKO-ma tagabawa tagabawa manobo, tagabawa bagobo Apo-S. mountain Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKO-n Tasaday+ Blit cotabato manobo, cotabato-S.; part of manobo-S. Mindanao-SW.
island: Limulan valley (Lebak Palimbang)
31-CKO-na tasaday Philippines (Region X)
31-CKO-nb blit Philippines (Region X)
31-CKO-o Sarangani sarangani manobo; part of manobo-S. Mindanao-S. island: Davao
Gulf bay
31-CKO-oa sarangani-SW. Batulaki Jose Abad Santos Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKO-ob sarangani-NE. governor-generoso manobo Governor Generoso Surub Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKP MARANAO+
MAGINDANAO net
DANAO
31-CKP-a Maranao+ Ila maranao+ iranon, including maginda-naon, maginda-nao, maguinda-
nao, maginda-naw Mindanao-SW. island Borneo-NE. island
Philippines (Regions IX; X;
Malaysia (Sabah)
6
31-CKP-aa ma-ranao ranao, ma-ranaw Mindanao-SW. island: Lanao lake Philippines (Region IX) 5
31-CKP-ab sabah-ila-nun sabah ila-non, ila-nun, illa-noan, illa-noon, la-noon, ylanos, la-nun,
illanos Borneo-NE. island migrated in 1850 from Mindanao
Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-CKP-ac mindanao-ila-non mindanao ila-non, ira-nun, ila-non, illa-non, ira-non Mindanao-SW.
island: Parang
31-CKP-ad isebanga-nen mindanao ila-non 2 Mindanao-SW. island Philippines (Region X) 5*
31-CKP-b Magindanao maginda-naon, maginda-nao, maguinda-nao, maginda-naw
Mindanao-SW. island: Cotabato Buluan lake
31-CKP-ba laya Philippines (Region X)
31-CKP-bb ilud Philippines (Region X)
31-CKP-bc biwangan Philippines (Region X)
31-CKP-bd sibugay Philippines (Region X)
31-CKP-be tagakawa-nan tagakawa Philippines (Regions X; IX)

1999 / 2000 edition
31-CKQ TUBOY+ SIOCON
net
subanon, subanen
31-CKQ-a Tuboy+ Salog tuboy subanon, subanon-NE. Mindanao-W. island: Zamboanga
peninsula
Philippines (Regions IX; X) 4
31-CKQ-aa tuboy Philippines (Region X)
31-CKQ-ab dapitan Philippines (Region X)
31-CKQ-ac salog salug Philippines (Region X)
31-CKQ-ad dikayu Philippines (Region X)
31-CKQ-b Lapuyan lapuyan suba-non, suba-non-SE. Mindanao-W. island: Zamboanga
peninsula
31-CKQ-ba lapuyan lapuyen, margosatubig, suba-nen Katpunan Margosatubig Philippines (Region X) 4
31-CKQ-c Sindangan sindangan suba-non, suba-non-C. Mindanao-W. island: Zamboanga
peninsula
31-CKQ-ca sindangan-A. Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-CKQ-cb kolibugan-E. kalibugan-E., calibugan-E. Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-CKQ-d Siocon+ Kolibugan suba-non-W., calibugan suba-non Mindanao-W. island: Zamboanga
peninsula
31-CKQ-da siocon Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-CKQ-db kolibugan-C. kalibugan-C., calibugan-C. Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-CKQ-dc kolibugan-W. kalibugan-W., calibugan-W. Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-D BLAAN+ GIANGAN
set
MINDANAO-SOUTH Latin script
31-DA BLAAN+ TIRURAY
chain
31-DAA TIRURAY net
31-DAA-a Tiruray Mindanao-SW. island Philippines (Region X) 4
31-DAA-aa tiruray tirurai, teduray Upi Philippines (Region X) 4
31-DAB BLAAN+ TBOLI net "bilic"
31-DAB-a Tboli tiboli, t'boli, 'tagabili' Mindanao-S. island Philippines (Region X) 4
31-DAB-aa sinalon Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-DAB-ab kiamba Kiamba Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-DAB-ac ubu Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-DAB-b Blaan bilaan, bilanes, biraan, baraan Mindanao-S. island Philippines (Region X) 5
31-DAB-ba koronadal koronadal blaan, cotabato blaan, tagalagad Sarangani-E. bay Philippines (Region X) 5
31-DAB-bb sarangani-blaan balud, tumanao Sarangani-W. bay Philippines (Region X) 5
31-DB GIANGAN chain bagobo
31-DBA GIANGAN net
31-DBA-a Giangan Mindanao-S. island Philippines (Region X) 4
31-DBA-aa giangan bagobo, jangan, guanga, gulanga, clata, eto, atto Apo-E. mountain Philippines (Region X) 4
31-E SAMA+ YAKAN set
31-EA SAMA+ YAKAN
chain
languages scattered across Sulu+ Sulawesi seas semi-nomadic
seafaring communities
31-EAA ABAK net
31-EAA-a Abak Capul island and scattered elsewhere throughout Philippines Philippines 4
31-EAA-aa abak-non abak, inbak-non, inabak-non, capul, kapul, in [51] Espaol: capuleo Philippines 4
31-EAB YAKAN net
31-EAB-a Yakan Sulu archipelago Philippines (Region X) 4
31-EAB-aa yakan yacan, yacanes Basilan island also migration > Borneo island Philippines (Region X) 4
31-EAC SAMA+ BAJAW net sama-bajau, sama bajau, sama badjao; comprising 2 overlapping
communities: sulu-sama, si-nama, samah, a'a-sama, a'a-samah,
sama', same', samal, samar, in [31] Malay: sama-laut; (and) bajaw,
bajao, bajau, badjo, bajo, bayo, badjao, in [31] Malay: bajaw-laut
31-EAC-a Balangingi+
Lutangan
sama-N., si-nama-N., balangingi bajaw, balangingi sama, bangingi
sama Luzon island: Subic bay Mindanao island: Olutanga+ Vitali+
Basilan islands Sulu archipelago Borneo-E. island
Philippines (Region X); Malaysia
(Sabah)
4
31-EAC-aa balingingi balangingi, balanguingui, baangingi', balanian, balagnini, balanini,
balignini, binadan, banadan
(Sabah)
4
31-EAC-ab si-buguey buguey, batuan, si-buguey sama Philippines (Region X) 2
31-EAC-ac lutangan lutango Mindanao-W. island: Olutanga island Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-EAC-ad si-buco buco, si-buku, si-buco+ vitali Mindanao-W. island: Vitali island Philippines (Region X) 4
31-EAC-ae daongdung Philippines (Region X) 4*
31-EAC-af kabinga'an Philippines (Region X) 4*

31-EAC-b Sama-S.* south+ central sama; including mande-laut, samadi-laut, in [31] Malay:
orang-laut, gaj, luaan, lutaos, lutayaos, turije'ne', "sea"-bajaw, "sea-
gypsies", including also: banaran darat laminusa Sulu
archipelago Borneo-E. island Caroline islands Halmahera
islands Sulawesi islands
(Sabah); Indonesia (Kalimantan)
; Indonesia (Sulawesi;
Halmahera); Micronesia (Caroline
Islands)
5
31-EAC-ba siasi siasi sama, sinam-C., bajaw-S., part of sama-C. Siasi island Philippines (Region X); Malaysia
(Sabah)
3*
31-EAC-bb di-laut dilaut bajaw, part of sama-C. Philippines (Region X) 3*
31-EAC-bc ubian obian, sama-ubian, tau-ubian Sulu archipelago: North Ubian island Philippines (Region X) 3*
31-EAC-bd si-munul munul, sama-simunul Sulu archipelago: Simunul island Philippines (Region X) 3*
31-EAC-be si-butuq butuq, sama-sibutuq, sibutu', sibutu, samah-lumbah, samah-samah
Sulu archipelago: Sibutu island
Philippines (Region X) 3*
31-EAC-bf tandu-bas Tawi-Tawi islands: Tandu-batu island Philippines (Region X)
31-EAC-bg sama-borneo-E. "east-coast" sama, "east-coast" bajau, including si-kubung bajaw-
asli Borneo-E. island
(Kalimantan)
4
31-EAC-bga balembangan-banggi Balembangan+ Banggi islands (Sabah)
31-EAC-bgb paitan-jembongan Paitan bay Jembongan island (Sabah)
31-EAC-bgc labuk-sandakan Labuk bay Sandakan coast (Sabah)
31-EAC-bgd tambisan Tambisan peninsula (Sabah)
31-EAC-bge semporna Semporna peninsula Sebatik island (Sabah; Kalimantan)
31-EAC-bgf sama-tarakan tarakan 2 Tarakan island (Kalimantan)
31-EAC-bgg maratua Maratua+ Kakaban islands+ coast (Kalimantan)
31-EAC-bgh balabalangan Balabalangan islands+ coast (Kalimantan)
31-EAC-bgi kotabaru Laut island: Kotabaru (Kalimantan)
31-EAC-bh pala'au sama-pala'au Palau islands Micronesia (Caroline Islands) 3*
31-EAC-bi kajoa Halmahera island: Kayoa island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
31-EAC-bj bacan-bajaw Halmahera island: Bacan island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
31-EAC-bk obi-bajaw Halmahera island: Obi island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
31-EAC-bl sula-mu Sula islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
31-EAC-bm poso-bajaw Sulawesi island: Teluk Tomini bay: Poso Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-EAC-bn butung-bajaw Sulawesi-SE. islands Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-EAC-bna wowoni Wowoni island (Sulawesi)
31-EAC-bnb butung Butung-N. island (Sulawesi)
31-EAC-bnc muna-bajaw muna 2 Muna island (Sulawesi)
31-EAC-bo kabaena-bajaw Sulawesi-SE. island: Kabaena island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-EAC-c Pangutaran+ Lapara sulu sama-W., sulu-si-nama-W. Sulu archipelago Philippines (Region X) 4
31-EAC-ca panguturan sama-panguturan Panguturan islands Philippines (Region X) 4
31-EAC-cb lapara sama-lapara Laparan islands Philippines (Region X)
31-EAC-d Bajau-Borneo-W.* "west-coast" bajao, "land" bajaw, including kawang putatan
Borneo island
Malaysia (Sabah; Sarawak);
Brunei
4
31-EAC-da sandakan-bajau Sandakan Malaysia (Sabah)
31-EAC-db jembongan Jembongan island Malaysia (Sabah)
31-EAC-dc banggi Banggi island Malaysia (Sabah)
31-EAC-dd pitas-bajau pitas bajau, Marudu bay: Pitas Malaysia (Sabah)
31-EAC-de bajau-borneo-NW. Borneo-NW. coast Malaysia (Sabah; Sarawak);
Brunei
31-EAC-dea kota-belud Kota Belud coast (Sabah)
31-EAC-deb bajau-bukit papar, papar bajau Papar coast (Sabah)
31-EAC-dec brunei-bay Brunei bay (Sabah); Brunei
31-EAC-ded sibuti Sibuti (Sarawak)
31-EAC-e Mapun Cagayan Sulu island Palawan-S. islands Borneo-NW. coast Philippines (Region X); Malaysia
(Sabah)
4
31-EAC-ea mapun sama-mapun, jama-mapun, pullon-mapun, sulu-cagayan, cagayanon,
kagayan, bajau-kagayan, orang-cagayan, cagayano
(Sabah)
4
31-F IDA'AN+ BAGAHAK
set
31-FA IDA'AN+ BAGAHAK
chain
31-FAA IDA'AN+ BAGAHAK
net
31-FAA-a Ida'an+ Bagahak Borneo-NE. island Latin script Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-FAA-aa ida'an idahan, idan, idayan, idaan, eraans, bulud-upi Kinabatangan
Segama lower valleys
Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-FAA-ab bagahak begak Tungku Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-FAA-ac subpan supan, sungai Malaysia (Sabah) 3*

1999 / 2000 edition
31-G TAMBANUA+
SUMAMBUQ set
BORNEO-NORTHEAST
31-GA TAMBANUA+
SINABU chain
PAITANIC
31-GAA TAMBANUA+
SINABU net
31-GAA-a Abai-Sungai Kinabatangan lower valley Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GAA-aa abai-sungai Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GAA-b Tambanua Paitan, tambanuo, tambanuva, tambanwas, tembenua, tombonuva,
tombonuwo, tunbumohas, tumbunwha, paitan, sungai 2, sungei 2,
orang-sungai 2, orang-sungei Sugut valley
Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GAA-ba tambanua-C. Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GAA-bb tambanua-W. Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GAA-bc tambanua-N. Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GAA-bd lingkabau-sugut linkabau sugut Sugut headwaters: Lingkabau upstream Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GAA-c Lingkabau Lingkabau headwaters Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GAA-ca lingkabau linkabau Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GAA-d Lanas-Lobu Lanas Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GAA-da lobu Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GAA-db rumanau-alab rumanau, romanau-alab, roomarrows Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GAA-e Tampias-Lobu Tampias Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GAA-ea tampias-lobu Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GAA-f Segama Segama valley Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GAA-fa segama dusun-segama, segama-dusun, saga-i, soghai, segai Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GAA-g Kinabatangan "upper" kinabatangan Kinabatangan upper valley Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GAA-ga kalabuan kolobuan Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GAA-gb makiang Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GAA-gc sinarupa sinarupo Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GAA-h Sinabu Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GAA-ha sinabu sinabu' Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GB KADAZAN +TIDONG
chain
DUSUNIC
31-GBA KADAZAN+
RUNGUS net
31-GBA-a Dumpas* Labuk lower right bank Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GBA-aa dumpas doompas Perancangan Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GBA-b Rungus+ Nulu dusun dayak, melobong rungus, memagun, memogun, melobong,
momogun, rungus dusun Marudu bay
Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBA-ba rungus roongas Marudu-E. bay Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GBA-bb nulu Marudu-W. bay Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GBA-bc gonsomon Marudu-W. bay Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GBA-c Kimaragang kimaragan, kimaragangan, maragang, marigang Marudu-SE. bay Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-ca tandek garo Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GBA-cb pitas-kimaragang Pitas Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GBA-cc sandayo Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GBA-d Sonsogon Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-da marudu-sonsogon kota-marudu sonsogon Kota Marudu district Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-db pitas-sonsogon Pitas-S. collines Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-e Tinagas+ Talantang sugut dusun, sugut, sugut kadazan, sugut kadayan Sugut
headwaters
Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-ea marudu-tinagas kota-marudu tinagas Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-eb tanggal Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-ec tilau-ilau Tilau-Ilau Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-ed talantang garo, kota-marudu talantang Kota Marudu district Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-f Tebilung Marudu-SW. bay Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-fa tebilung tabilong, tobilang, tobilung Bandau Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-g Tempasuk Tempasuk Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-ga tempasuk tempasuk dusun, tindal, kedamaian, kedamaian dusun, tampasuk,
tampassuk, tampasok, tempasok
Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-h Lotud Tuaran Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-ha lotud latod, latud, suang-lotud, tuaran, tuaran dusun Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-i Sinulihan+ Ranau dusun, dusan, dusum, dusur, 'kadazan-C.' Sugut Labuk Pagalan
upper valleys
Malaysia (Sabah) 5
31-GBA-ia sinulihan dusun sinulihan, sinulihan dusun Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-ib kadazan kadazan "proper", kadayan, kedayan, kadasan Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-ic tagaro kadazan-tagaro Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-id kiundu Malaysia (Sabah) 4*

31-GBA-ie pahu' Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-if sokid Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-ig bundu taginambur Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBA-ih ulu-yuaran Ulu Yuaran Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-ii luba* Bandau valley. Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-ij menggatal kiulu, telepok Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBA-ik ranau Ranau district Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBA-il 'beaufort' Beaufort district Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GBA-j Kadazan-E. labuk+ kinabatanga Labuk Kinabatangan valleys Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBA-ja labuk-kadazan Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBA-jb mangkaak mangkahak, mangkok, mangkak Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-jc sukang Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-jd sogilitan Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-je tompulung Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-jf kinabatangan-
sungai
lamag, lamag sungai, sungai, sungei, kinabatangan sungai
Kinabatangan (Lamag) Segaliud (Sukang) valleys
Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-jg orang-sungai Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-jh tindakon-sungai tindakon, tindakon sungai Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-k Minokok Kinabatangan headwaters Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-ka minokok Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-l Tambunan Tambunan district Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-la tambunan-A. Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GBA-lb monsok-dusun kuala-monsok, kuala-monsok dusun Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-GBA-m Kuijau sabah-kuijau, "hill" dusun Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-ma kuijau-A. kijau, kujau, kwijau, kuliow, kuiyow, kuriyo, koijoe Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-mb minansut Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-mc menindal mendaq, tindal 2 Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-GBA-n Ganaq Baiaya valley Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-na ganaq gana, gana', minansut, keningau dusun Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-o Kadazan-W. "coastal" kadazan Kota Kinabalu Papar Bongawan coast Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBA-oa putatan Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-ob penampang penampang kadazan Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-oc papar-kadazan Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-od membakut-kadazan Malaysia (Sabah) 4*
31-GBA-p Klias klias-river kadazan Klias valley Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-pa klias Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-q Tatanaq+ Bisaya-N. Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBA-qa tatanaq tatana, tatana' Kuala Panyu district Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GBA-qb bisaya-N. basaya-N., besaya-N., bisaia-N., bisayah-N., jilama bawang-N., jilama
sungai-N., jilama-N. Brunei-N. bay Padas lower valley
Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBB BISAYA+ LIMBANG*
net
31-GBB-a Bisaya-C. Brunei; Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBB-aa bisaya-C. bisayah-C., bisaya-bukit-C., visayak-C., bekiau-C., lorang-bukit-C.,
basaya-C., besaya-C., bisaia-C., jilama bawang-C., jilama sungai-C.,
jilama-C.
Brunei; Malaysia (Sabah) 4
31-GBB-b Bisaya-S. bisayah-S., bisaya bukit-N., visayak-N., bekiau-S., lorang bukit-S.
Marudi>SE.
Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-GBB-ba 'lower'-bisaya Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-GBB-bb 'middle'-bisaya "mid" bisaya Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-GBB-bc 'upper'-bisaya Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-GBB-c Limbang-Tutong Limbang lower valley Malaysia (Sarawak); Brunei 4
31-GBB-ca limbang-tutong tutong distinct from neighbouring [31] Tutung (Tutong) Malaysia (Sarawak); Brunei 4
31-GC SUMAMBUQ+
TIDONG chain
MURUTIC
31-GCA SUMAMBUQ+
TIMUGON net
MURUT #the designation Murut occurs also in the names or
alternative names of 3 inner-languages of the [31] Tidong+Baukan net
and in an alternative name of [31] Lun-Daye (Murut-S. or Sarawak
Murut)
31-GCA-a Bintaq+ Sandiwar padas murut, murut padas; part of "lowland" murut Padas, Beaufort
lower valley
Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GCA-aa bintaq beaufort murut, binta' Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ab bukow Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ac sandiwar sandewar Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ad dabugus Malaysia (Sabah)

1999 / 2000 edition
31-GCA-b Timugon+ Poros timugon murut, timigun, timogon, timugun, timugan, tenom-murut; part
of "lowland" murut Bukau Padas confluence
Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GCA-ba kapagalan Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-bb poros Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-bc timugon-S. Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-c Tambual+ Nabay keningau murut, murut-C.; part of "lowland" murut Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GCA-ca nabay nabai, nebee, dabi, dabay, dabai, rabay, rabai Keningau-W. Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-cb tambual Keningau-NE. Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-cc apin-kuijau apin-apin kuijau Apin-E. Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-cd dusun-murut Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-d Paluan+ Pandewan paluan murut Padas tributaries Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GCA-da paluan peluan Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-db dalit-murut Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-dc sook-murut Sook lower valley Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-dd takapan Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-de makaheeliga makialiga Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-df pandewan pandewan murut Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-e Sumambuq+ Tagal tagal murut Walker Maitland-S. mountain ranges Malaysia (Sabah; Sarawak);
Indonesia (Kalimantan)
4
31-GCA-ea tumaniq omani Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-eb sumambuq sumabug, semambu, semembu Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ec maligan mauligan, maligan murut Malaysia (Sabah; Sarawak)
31-GCA-ed tagal tagol, tagul, taggal Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ee bol bole, bol murut, bole murut Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ef rundum arundum, rundum murut Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-eg tolokoson Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-eh pentjangan pensiangan, pensiangan murut Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ei sapulut sapulot, sapulut murut Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ej lagunan lagunan murut Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-ek kalimantan-kuijau Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-el tenom Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCA-em alumbis lumbis, loembis Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCA-en salalir sadalir, sedalir, saralir Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCA-eo taw Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCA-f Okolod Pakerayan headwaters Malaysia (Sarawak; Sabah);
Indonesia (Kalimantan)
3
31-GCA-fa okolod kolod, kolour, kolur, okolod murut 3
31-GCA-g Selungai selungai murut Sapulut+ Pensiangan confluence Sembakung valley Malaysia (Sabah); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
3
31-GCA-ga selungai Malaysia (Sabah); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
3
31-GCB TIDONG+ BAUKAN
net
31-GCB-a Baukan+ Tengara tidong-N. Sook+ Kinabatangan headwaters Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GCB-aa baukan baokan, bokan, boken, bokun, bukun, bokon, ulun-no bokon, ulun-no
bokan, ulun-no, pingas
Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCB-ab kokoroton kokoroton murut close to but distinct from languages of [31] Murut net Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCB-ac tengara tungara, tingara, tenggaraq, tangara', tanggaraq, kinabatangan murut
+transitional to [31] Tagal-Murut
Malaysia (Sabah) 2*
31-GCB-b Sembakung+
Serudung
tidong-C. Sembakung Kalabakan valleys Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sabah)
3
31-GCB-ba sembakung simbakuong, sembakoeng, sembakong, sembakung murut, simbakong Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sabah) adjacent
31-GCB-bb tinggalan* tinggalum, tingalun Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCB-bc serudung serudung murut Serudung valley distinct from languages of [31]
Murut net
(Kalimantan)
31-GCB-bd kalabakan kalabakan murut Kalabakan valley Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-GCB-c Tidong+ Tarakan tidong-S., camucones, tiran, tirones, tiroon Tawau coast+ Sebatik+
Nunukay Timur islands Kayan delta
(Kalimantan)
4
31-GCB-ca tawau-murut Tawau distinct from languages of [31] Murut net, and from [31]
Tawau
Malaysia (Sabah)
31-GCB-cb tidong tidong "proper", tedong, tidoeng, zedong Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCB-cc nonukan nunukan Nunukay Timur island Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCB-cd penchangan Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCB-ce sedalir salalir, sadalir, saralir, selalir Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCB-cf sibuku Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCB-cg sesayap sesajap Sesajap Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-GCB-ch tarakan terakan Tarakan island Indonesia (Kalimantan)

31-H LUNDAYE+
KELABIT set
APO-DUAT
31-HA LUNDAYE+
KELABIT chain
31-HAA LUNDAYE+
KELABIT net
31-HAA-a Putoh+ Abai Mentarang valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-HAA-aa putoh Longberang Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-HAA-ab pa-kembaloh Bangalan Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-HAA-ac abai Mensalong-W. Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-HAA-b Lengilu Mentarang upper valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 1
31-HAA-ba lengilu Indonesia (Kalimantan) 1
31-HAA-c Lun-Daye daye, lun dayeh, lun dayah, lun daya, lun dayoh, lun lod, lun bawang,
murut-S., sarawak murut Brunei bay Padas+ Sesayap headwaters
distinct from languages of [31] Murut net
Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak; Sabah); Brunei
4
31-HAA-ca kawang-menadong Malaysia (Sarawak; Sabah) 3
31-HAA-cb lawas Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-HAA-cc trusan Malaysia (Sarawak; Brunei) 3
31-HAA-cd long-sukang Malaysia (Sarawak; Brunei) 3
31-HAA-ce long-semado Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-HAA-cf adang Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-HAA-cg limbang Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-HAA-ch tabun Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-HAA-ci treng tring 2 Tutoh lower valley: Long Terawan Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-HAA-cj balait Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-HAA-ck ba-kelalan Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-HAA-cl padas Padas upper valley Malaysia (Sabah) 3*
31-HAA-cm long-pa-sia Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-HAA-cn papadi Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-HAA-co lun-bawang bawang, long bawan, lun daye "proper" Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-HAA-d Sa'ban saban Mentarang upper valley Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak)
3
31-HAA-da sa'ban Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak)
3
31-HAA-e Kelabit kalabit, kerabit Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
3
31-HAA-ea long-napir napir Malaysia (Sabah) 1
31-HAA-eb long-seidan seidan Long-Seridan Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-HAA-ec long-lellang Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-HAA-ed long-bangaq bangaq long-bangag Malaysia (Sabah); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
2
31-HAA-ee brung Malaysia (Sabah) 2*
31-HAA-ef libbung Malaysia (Sabah) 2*
31-HAA-eg lepu-potong Malaysia (Sabah) 2*
31-HAA-eh bario Malaysia (Sabah) 2
31-I BINTULU+ BURUSU
set
TRANSBORNEO, rajang+ baram
31-IA BINTULU+
BALINGIAN chain
"transborneo"-W., rajang+ baram "proper"
31-IAA KIPUT+ BERAWAN
net
baram-tinjar
31-IAA-a Tutung "coastal" tutong Tutung, Tutong distinct from neighbouring [31]
Limbang-Tutong
Brunei 4
31-IAA-aa tutung Brunei 4
31-IAA-b Kiput+ Lemiting Seria-S. Marudi Brunei; Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAA-ba long-kiput Brunei; Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAA-bb balait-jati Brunei; Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAA-bc lemiting Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAA-c Berawan+ Terawan Tutoh Baram valleys Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-ca berawan-W. Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-cb long-pata pata Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-cc batu-baleh batu-bla Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-cd long-terawan terawan Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-ce long-jegan jegan Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-d Lelak+ Dali Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-da lelak Tinjar valley Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-db dali-sibuti dali 2 Sibuti-E. Malaysia (Sarawak) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
31-IAA-e Narom+ Miri Baram-S. river-mouth. Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAA-ea narom narum Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAA-eb miri Miri Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAB BINTULU net "coastal" rajang-bintulu, "coastal" rejang-bintulu
31-IAB-a Bintulu Sibuti Balingian coast (5 enclaves) Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAB-aa bintulu Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAC LAHANAN+
BUKITAN net
"interior" rajang-bintulu, "interior" rejang-bintulu
31-IAC-a Kajaman+ Sekapan Rajang upper valley Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAC-aa sekapan sekepan Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAC-ab kajaman kayaman, kejaman Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAC-b Lahanan Rajang upper left bank Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAC-ba lahanan lanun, lanan Long Murum downstream Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAC-c Bukitan+ Ukit Rajang upper valley & headwaters Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
2
31-IAC-ca bukitan bakitan, bakatan, beketan, mangkettan, manketa, pakatan Merit-
W.
31-IAC-cb sian Malaysia (Sarawak) 1
31-IAC-cc punan-batu-W. Long Murum-S. community of nomadic hunter-gatherers Malaysia (Sarawak) 1
31-IAC-cd ukit-NW. Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAC-ce punan-ukit-SE. punan ukit-SE. Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia 2
31-IAC-cf punan-busang punan busang Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
2
31-IAD BALINGIAN+
KANOWIT net
melanau, milanau, milano, belana'u, "lower" rejang
31-IAD-a Balingian Balingian river-mouth Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-aa balingian Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-b Mukah+ Oya mukah, muka+ oya, oya', oga Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-ba mukah muka Mukah river-mouth Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-bb oya oya', oga Oya river-mouth Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-bc dalat dalad Oya lower valley Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-c Daro+ Matu Rajang-N. delta Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-ca matu Matu Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-cb daro Daro Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-d Bruit Bruit island Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-da bruit Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-e Sarikei Rajang-S. delta Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-IAD-ea sarikei Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-IAD-f Sibu siduani, seduan+ banyok Sibu Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAD-fa sibu-W. Rajang lower valley: Sibu-W. Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAD-fb sibu-N. igan Igan valley: Sibu-N. Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAD-g Kanowit Rajang middle valley: Kanowit upstream Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAD-ga kanowit Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAD-h Tanjong Rajang middle valley: Song downstream Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAD-ha tanjong Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAD-i Seru Kabong Malaysia (Sarawak) 0
31-IAD-ia seru Malaysia (Sarawak) 0
31-IAD-j Segahan* segalang Malaysia (Sarawak) 2*
31-IAD-ja segahan segalang Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-IAD-k Prehan* Malaysia (Sarawak) 2*
31-IAD-ka prehan Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-IAD-l Siteng* Malaysia (Sarawak) 2*
31-IAD-la siteng Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-IAE BAH+ BIAU net rajang+ sajau-W., rejang+ sajau-W.
31-IAE-a Bah+ Biau Rajang middle valley: Merit nomadic hunter-gatherers Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAE-aa punan-bah bah, ba Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IAE-ab punan-biau Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-IB BURUSU+ BASAP
chain
"transborneo"-E., rajang+ sajau-E.
31-IBA BURUSU+
JEMBAYAN net
31-IBA-a Punan-Merap Malinau upper valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-IBA-aa punan-merap Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2

31-IBA-b Burusu Sekatakbunyi Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-IBA-ba burusu Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-IBA-c Sajau sajau-basap Muaramalinau-NE. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-IBA-ca sajau-basap sajau, sujau distinct from languages of neighbouring [31] Basap net Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-IBA-cb punan-sajau Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-IBA-cc punan-basap distinct from languages of neighbouring [31] Jembayan+ Dumaring
(Basap) net
Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-IBA-cd punan-batu-E. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-IBA-d Jembayan+
Dumaring
basap Kayan-S. river-mouth Balikpapan estuary scattered cave-
dwelling communities
31-IBA-da jembayan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-IBA-db bulungan bulungan basap Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-IBA-dc berau-basap berau 2 Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-IBA-dd dumaring dumaring basap Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-IBA-de binatang binatang basap Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-IBA-df karangan karangan basap Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-J MODANG+ TUBU set kayan+ kenyah
31-JA NIBONG+ SIPENG
chain
31-JAA NIBONG+ SIPENG
net
31-JAA-a Nibong+ Sipeng Baram Nibong Balui upper valleys (scattered) nomadic & semi-
nomadic hunter-gatherers, with Muslim agricultural settlements
31-JAA-aa punan-nibong penan nibong, nibon Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JAA-ab bok-punan bok Malaysia (Sarawak) 1
31-JAA-ac punan-silat silat Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JAA-ad punan-gang gang Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JAA-ae punan-lusong lusong Malaysia (Sarawak) 1
31-JAA-af punan-apo apo, penan apo Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JAA-ag sipeng speng Malaysia (Sarawak) 1
31-JAA-ah punan-lanying lanying Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JAA-ai jelalong-punan jelalong Malaysia (Sarawak) 1
31-JB MODANG+ ATIP
chain
KAYAN, kajan, kajang
31-JBA ATIP+ LAKAN net kayan-W.
31-JBA-a Atip+ Bawang baram-kayan, baram-kajan Baram valley Brunei; Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-JBA-aa long-atip atip Long Atip Brunei; Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-JBA-ab uma-bawang una bawang Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-JBA-ac long-akah akah, semuka, akah-semuka Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-b Badan+ Geng rejang-kayan Rejang Balui valleys scattered communities Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-JBA-ba ma'-aging Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-bb long-badan badan Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-bc uma-daro daro Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-bd long-kehobo kehobo, uma poh Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-be uma-juman juman Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-bf long-murun murun, murum Long Murum Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-bg long-geng geng Long Geng Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-bh kemena Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBA-bi lisum Malaysia (Sarawak) 2*
31-JBA-c Lakan+ Kayaniyut kayan-"river" kayan, lakan kayan Kayan valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-ca uma-lakan lakan Kayan upper valley: Datadian downstream Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-cb kayaniyut Kayan middle valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBA-d Wahau-S. wahau kayan Muara Wahau-N. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBA-da wahau-S. wahau kayan distinct from neighbouring [31] Uma-Timai (Wahau-
N.)
31-JBA-e Mendalam mendalam kayan Mendalam valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-ea mendalam Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-f Mahakam kayan mahakam Mahakam valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-fa mahakam Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-g Belayan+ Bleh Mahakam upper valley Oga Belayan valleys Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-ga mahakam-busang Mahakam upper valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-gb belayan Belayan valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-gc long-bleh bleh Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-JBA-h Bahau-C. Busang Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBA-ha bahau-C. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
31-JBB BANYUQ+
SEMIANG net
murik kayan, murik kajan, murik kajang
31-JBB-a Banyuq+ Semiang Baram valley Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-JBB-aa long-hubung hubung, bahau-SE. Malaysia (Sarawak) 2*
31-JBB-ab long-banyuq banyuq Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-JBB-ac long-semiang semiang Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JBC MODANG+ SEGAI
net
modang kayan, modang kajan, modang kajang
31-JBC-a Segai Kelai valley Longlaai Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBC-aa kelai Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBC-ab punan-kelai Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBC-ac punan-segah segah Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBC-ad bolongan* Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBC-b Modang Segah Kelinjau Belayan valleys Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-JBC-ba long-wai wai, long we, kelingan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBC-bb long-glat glat Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBC-bc long-bento' bento' Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBC-bd benehes Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBC-be nahes-liah-bing Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBD AOHENG+ BUKAT
net
"muller-schwaner's punan"
31-JBD-a Bukat Kapuass valley (3 enclaves) Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBD-aa bukat Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBD-b Hovongan Cemaru-SW.mountain Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBD-ba hovongan-A. punan bungan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2*
31-JBD-bb semukung-uheng Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2*
31-JBD-c Kereho-Uheng Kerihun mountain Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBD-ca kereho-uheng punan-keriau Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBD-d Aoheng Liangpran-S. mountain Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBD-da aoheng penihing Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JBD-e Punan-Merah Mahakam valley: Ujohhilang-E. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBD-ea punan-merah merah Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBD-f Punan-Aput Menyapa-NW. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JBD-fa punan-aput aput Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JC TUBU+ BAKUNG
chain
KENYAH, "kenyahic"
31-JCA TUBU net
31-JCA-a Tubu Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCA-aa punan-tubu Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCB SIBOP+ MALEI net sebob kenyah
31-JCB-a Sibop+ Lirong sibop, sebob, sebop, sabup, sambup Tinjar upper valley Rejang
Baram valleys
31-JCB-aa tinjar-sibop Malaysia (Sarawak) 2*
31-JCB-ab lirong Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCB-ac long-pokun pokun Malaysia (Sarawak) 2*
31-JCB-ad long-atun atun Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCB-ae long-ekang ekang, long-ikang Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCB-af long-luyang luyang Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCB-b Bah-Malei* Malaysia (Sarawak) 1
31-JCB-ba bah-malei ba-mali Malaysia (Sarawak) 1
31-JCC BAKUNG+
KAYANIYUT net
kenyah, kenja, kinjin, kindjin, kehja, kenya, kanyay
31-JCC-a Labid+ Wat tutoh kenyah Tutoh valley Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-aa long-wat wat Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-ab long-labid labid Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-ac lugat Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-JCC-b Madang+ Malang lepo-tau-kenyah, lepo-tau-kenya Tinjar valley Malaysia (Sarawak) 2*
31-JCC-ba madang badang, medang, Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-JCC-bb malang Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-JCC-c Bangan+ Kakus kenyah-W. Rajang upper river+Balui river-basin (scattered) Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-JCC-ca long-bangan bangan Belaga valley Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-cb kemena-penan punun kemena Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-cc kakus-penan punun kakus Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-cd uma-bakah bakah, long bulan Balui valley Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-ce lunan Malaysia (Sarawak)

31-JCC-cf lepu-anau* Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-JCC-cg lepu-pohun* Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-JCC-ch lepu-pun* Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-JCC-ci lepu-sawa* Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-JCC-d Jeeh+ Nyamok "upper baram" kenyah Baram valley Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan) adjacent; Brunei
3
31-JCC-da long-anap anap Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-db long-jeeh jeeh Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-JCC-dc long-moh moh Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-dd nyamok Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-de long-lamai lamai Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-JCC-e Atau+ Puyungan "bahau-river" kenyah Longkemuat Iwan valley 3
31-JCC-ea long-atau atau Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-eb long-bena bena Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-ec long-puyungan puyungan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-ed punan-benalui benalui Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-f Kayaniyut+ Bia kayan-"river" kenyah Apo-Kayan massif Iwan valley Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak)
3
31-JCC-fa 'lower'-kayan "lower"-kayan kenyah Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-fb punan-penjalin penjalin Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-fc long-bia bia Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-fd punan-ban Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-fe kayaniyut-kenyah kayaniyut 2 distinct from [31] Lakan+ Kayaniyut Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-ff long-nawan nawan Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak)
3
31-JCC-fg long-kelawit kelawit Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-g Mahakam-Kenyah+
Boh
mahakam kenyah Makaham valley distinct from [31] Mahakam Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-ga mahakam-kenyah Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-gb boh Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-h Tau+ Jalam kelinyau kenyah Kinjau Telen valleys Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-ha uma-bem bem Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-hb uma-tau tau, lepu tau Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-hc lepo'-kulit kulit Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-hd uma-jalam jalam Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-i Timai wahau kenyah Muara Wahau+ Wahau Kayan>N. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-ia uma-timai timai, wahau-N. distinct from neighbouring [31] Wahau-S. Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-JCC-j Bakung+ Poh bakung kenyah, bakong Oga valley Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak)
3
31-JCC-ja boh-bakung Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-JCC-jb punan-oho' Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-jc oga-bakung Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak) adjacent
2
31-JCC-jd kayan-bakung "kayan-river" bakung Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-JCC-je punan-poh Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-K JAGOI+ AHE* set LAND-DAYAK
31-KA JAGOI+ AHE chain
31-KAA JAGOI+ AHE net
31-KAA-a Silakau Lundu Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-KAA-aa silakau selekau Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-KAA-b Lara Lundu+ Sambas upper valleys Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
4
31-KAA-ba lara lara', luru, la Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
4
31-KAA-c Jagoi+ Tringus sarawak-dayak Samarahan Lundu Landak valleys Malaysia (Sarawak) 4
31-KAA-ca jagoi sentah, jaggoi, bau-jagoi Malaysia (Sarawak) 4
31-KAA-cb grogo gurgo, gugu Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-KAA-cc sentenggau sentenggau-jagoi Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-KAA-cd gumbang Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-KAA-ce serambau serambo Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-KAA-cf empawa Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-KAA-cg suti Tan>S. Malaysia (Sarawak) 2
31-KAA-ch taup tahup Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*

1999 / 2000 edition
31-KAA-ci assem Landak upper valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-KAA-cj tengoh Landak upper valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-KAA-ck dongay Landak upper valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-KAA-cl krokong Krokong Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
3*
31-KAA-cm tringgus tringus, tring Tutoh lower valley Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
2
31-KAA-d Singgi Kuching>W. Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-KAA-da singgi singgie, singhi, singai, bi-singai Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-KAA-e Atah+ Sadong* Padawan Balai Ringin Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
4
31-KAA-ea bi-atah siburan community Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
4
31-KAA-eb lundu landu Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-KAA-ec bi-deyu bukar-bidayuh, bi-dayuh, bi-dayah Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-KAA-ed sadong bukar-sadong, buka, bukar, serian, sabutan Malaysia (Sarawak); Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
4
31-KAA-ee tebakang Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-KAA-f Kuap+ Ta* Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-KAA-fa bi-kuap kuap, kiap, quop, bi-kuab Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-KAA-fb be-ta ta Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-KAA-g Murang+ Busang* Malaysia (Sarawak) 3*
31-KAA-ga murang-punan Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-KAA-gb penyabung-punan Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-KAA-gc busang Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-KAA-gd djuloi Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-KAA-h Bekati Sambas Seluas Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak)
3
31-KAA-ha be-kati be-kati', ba-katiq Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak)
3
31-KAA-i Benyadu+
Balantiang
31-KAA-ia be-nyadu nyadu, be-nyadu', njadu Tan Darit Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-ib ba-lantiang lantiang, balantian Sambas tributary Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-KAA-j Kembayan Landak valley Balaikarangan Kembayan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-ja kembayan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-k Ribun Kembayan>S. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-ka ribun Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-l Djongkang Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-la djongkang Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-m Sanggau Kapuas valley: Sanggau Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-ma sanggau Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-n Semandang+ Gerai Balaiberkuwak Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-na semandang Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-KAA-nb gerai Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-KAA-nc be-ginci ginci Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-KAA-nd bi-hak hak Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-KAA-o Sara Sanggau-Ledo Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-KAA-oa sara Sanggau-Ledo Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-KAA-p Ahe Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-pa ahe ahe-dayak, dayak-ahe Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-KAA-q Sau+ Ratak* Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-KAA-qa sau sauh Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-KAA-qb bi-ratak ratak Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-L MAANYAN+
MERINA set
barito+ malagasy
31-LA DOHOI+ NGAJU chain BARITO-WEST
31-LAA DOHOI+ SIANG net barito-NW.
31-LAA-a Dohoi danum Muller Schwaner massifs Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAA-aa ot-balawan balawan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LAA-ab ot-banu'u banu'u Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LAA-ac ot-olang olang Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LAA-ad ot-tuhup tuhup Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LAA-ae sarawai melawi Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LAA-af ot-danum uut-danum, danum "proper", dohoi "proper" Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAA-ag ulu-ai' da'an Nangamentebai enclave Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3

31-LAA-b Punan-Ratah Maruwai+ Busang confluence Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-LAA-ba punan-ratah ot-murung-NW., murung-NW. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-LAA-c Siang Kapuas+ Maruwai upper valleys Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAA-ca ot-siang Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4*
31-LAA-cb ot-murung-SE. Purukcahu Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAB NGAJU+ BAKUMPAI
net
barito-SW.
31-LAB-a Katingan Katingan valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAB-aa katingan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAB-b Ngaju+ Mantangai ngadju, ngaju dayak, biadju, barito-SW. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 5
31-LAB-ba kapuas ngaju, ngadju, ngaju-dayak, biadju, biaju, bara-dia Kapuas valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 5
31-LAB-bb ngaju-V. "vehicular" kalimantan Borneo-S. island Indonesia (Kalimantan) 5
31-LAB-bc pulopetak Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4*
31-LAB-bd ba'amang ba'amanjg-ngaju, bara-bare, sampit Indonesia (Kalimantan) 5
31-LAB-be oloh-mantangai Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4*
31-LAB-c Kahayan Kahayan Kapuas valleys Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAB-ca kahayan kahaian, kahajan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAB-d Bakumpai bara-jida Kualakapuas>NE. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAB-da bakumpai-A. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LAB-db oloh-mengkatip mangkatip Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LB MAANYAN+
LAWANGAN chain
barito-E.
31-LBA MAANYAN+ DEYAH
net
barito-SE.
31-LBA-a Maanyan+ Samihim Barito valley>E. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 5
31-LBA-aa dusun-malang Tewe lower valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBA-ab dusun-witu Barito upper left bank: Buntokecil Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBA-ac paku Barito upper left bank: Buntok+ Ampah Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBA-ad ma'anyan maanyak-dayak, ma'anjan, siang-S., sihong, siong Barito upper left
bank: Tamanglayang
31-LBA-ae dusun-balangan Paringin>E. (enclave) Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBA-af samihim buluh-kuning Damardatar (enclave) Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBA-b Dusun-Deyah Tabalong valley Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBA-ba dusun-deyah deah, dejah Bengkang>E. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBB LAWANGAN+
TABUYAN net
barito-NE.
31-LBB-a Lawangan+
Tabuyan
Tewe valley Jangeru peninsula Indonesia (Kalimantan) 5
31-LBB-aa benua Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBB-ab benua-N. Dempar Muarasiran Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LBB-ac benua-S. Longikis>W. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LBB-ad bantian bentian Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBB-ae bantian-N. bentian-N. Namis Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LBB-af bantian-S. bentian-S. Kandilo upper left bank Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3*
31-LBB-ag tabuyan taboyan, tabojan, tabojan-tongka, tawoyan, tawoyan-dayak Palori Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBB-ah bawu Muarapayang>W. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBB-ai lawangan luwangan Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBB-aj pasir Kandilo upper right bank Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LBB-ak ajuh Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-al bakoi borneo-lampung, lampung Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-am banuwang Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-an kali Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-ao karau beloh Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-ap lawa-kalimantan Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-aq lolang Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-ar mantararen Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-as njumit Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-at purai Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-au purung Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-LBB-av tuwang Indonesia (Kalimantan)

1999 / 2000 edition
31-LC TUNJUNG+
AMPANANG chain
barito makaham
31-LCA TUNJUNG+
AMPANANG net
31-LCA-a Tunjung tunjung-dayak Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LCA-aa tengah tunjung-tengah Adas Dempar Melak + Mahakam middle valley
Muntaiwan
31-LCA-ab linggang tunjung-linggang Melak>W. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 2
31-LCA-ac londong tunjung-londong Mahakam middle left bank Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-LCA-ad mahakam-pahu pahu 2 Mahakam middle right bank Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-LCA-b Ampanang Beratus mountain>N. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LCA-ba ampanang Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-LD MERINA+ TANDROY
chain
31-LDA MERINA+ TANDROY
net
MALAGASY, malagasi, in [51] Franais: malgache
31-LDA-a Merina+ Betsileo malagasy-C. Madagascar island Madagascar 7
31-LDA-aa merina teny-malagasy (teny =language), malagasy "proper", mrina, hova
Antananarivo
Madagascar 7
31-LDA-aaa merina-F. "standard" malagasy, teny-ofisialy (=official language) Latin script KMadagascar
31-LDA-aab merina-U. tananarivo "urban", in [51] Franais: tananarivien Antananarivo Madagascar
31-LDA-aac merina-V. "vehicular" malagasy Madagascar
31-LDA-ab sihanaka a'tondrazaka Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-ac betsimisaraka-N. becimisaraka-N., betsimaraka-N. Madagascar coast-NE. Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-ad betsimisaraka-S. becimisaraka-S., betsimaraka-S. Madagascar coast-CE. Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-ae bezanuzanu Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-aea bezanuzanu-A. bezanozano Madagascar
31-LDA-aeb an-taiva an-tanka, tankay Madagascar
31-LDA-af vorimo vurimu Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-ag taimanambondro taimanambundru Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-ah tanala Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-aha an-tanala Madagascar
31-LDA-ahb menabe-ikongo including tanalana Madagascar
31-LDA-ai sahafatra sahaftra Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-aj betsileo becileu, betsilo, betsileu Ambositra Fianarantsoa +transition to
[31] Malagasy-SW.
Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-b Tanosy+ Taimoro malagasy-SE. Madgascar-SE. island Madagascar 6
31-LDA-ba an-tambahoaka tambahoaka, an-tamboaka, an-tambahuaka Madagascar
31-LDA-bb an-taimoro taimoro, an-taimuru Madagascar
31-LDA-bc zafisoro zafisuru Madagascar
31-LDA-bd zalisere Madagascar
31-LDA-be an-taifasy taifasy, an-taifasi Madagascar
31-LDA-bf an-taisaka taisaka Madagascar
31-LDA-bg an-tanosy tanosy, an-tanosi, an-tanusi, tanosy-E. Fort-Dauphin Madagascar
31-LDA-c Tandroy+ Tanalana malagasy-SW. Madagascar-SW. island Madagascar 6*
31-LDA-ca an-tandroy tandroy, an-tandrui, including "neutral" an-tandroy "respectful" an-
tandroy registers
Madagascar
31-LDA-cb mahafale mahafaly, mahafali Madagascar
31-LDA-cc tanalana including "neutral" tanalana "respectful" tanalana "scornful"
tanalana registers
Madagascar
31-LDA-cca tanalana-tandriake #=tanalana of the sea Onilahy river-mouth>S. Madagascar
31-LDA-ccb tanalana-tanolahy #=tanalana of Onilahy Onilahy lower valley. Madagascar
31-LDA-cd onilahy-tanosy tanosy-W. Onilahy middle valley Madagascar
31-LDA-ce vezu vezo Madagascar
31-LDA-cf masikoro Madagascar
31-LDA-cg bara-mikaty bara-W. Madagascar
31-LDA-ch bara-E. Madagascar
31-LDA-d Talaotsy+ Sakalava malagasy-W. Madagascar-W. island (west of central mountain
range) Comores islands
Madagascar; also migration>
Mayotte
6
31-LDA-da sakalava-menabe Mangoky Manambao river-mouths Madagascar
31-LDA-db sakalava-ambongo Manambao river-mouth Soalala Madagascar
31-LDA-dc sakalava-boina Betsiboka lower valley Madagascar
31-LDA-dd an-talaotsy Betsiboka Mahajamba river-mouths Madagascar

31-LDA-e Sambiranu+
Tsimihety
malagasy-NW. Madagascar-NW. island: Tsaratanana massif>W.+ S. Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-ea sambiranu sambirano, sakalava-sambiranu, sakalava-N. Tsaratanana
massif>W.: Maromandia Anaborano
Madagascar
31-LDA-eb nosy-be Nosy-Be, Nossi B island Madagascar 4*
31-LDA-ec tsimihety cimiheti, tsimiheti, tsimihetry Tsaratanana massif>S: Bealanana
Mandritsara +transition to [31] Malagasy-C.
Madagascar
31-LDA-f Tankarana malagasy-N. Madagascar extreme north island Madagascar 5*
31-LDA-fa an-tankarana takarana Tsaratanana massif>N. Madagascar
31-LDA-g Boshy+ Talaotra ki-boshy, boshy +influenced by [99] shi-Maore Mayotte island Mayotte 4*
31-LDA-ga ki-boshy boshy, bushi, ki-boshy "proper", ki-boshy-ki-maore, ki-maore, maore
with [99] Bantu language-prefix ki-
Mayotte
31-LDA-gb an-talaotra ki-antalaotsy, antalaotsy, ki-boshy-ki-antalaotsy, talauntsiu Mayotte
31-M MALAYU+ CHAM set SUNDIC, including malayic classification into chains and nets is
provisional +historical relationships have been blurred by maritime
migrations and contacts and by sea-borne spread of [31] Malayu
31-MA CHAM+ UTSAT
chain
"chamic", part of "achinese+ chamic" chains
31-MAA UTSAT net "chamic"-N.
31-MAA-a Utsat Hainan-S. coast: Yanglian-W. China (Hainan) 3
31-MAA-aa utsat utset, hainan-cham, in [79] Han-yu (Chinese): huihui Huihui Huixin China (Hainan) 3
31-MAB JARAI+ RHADE net "chamic plateau", part of "chamic"-S.
31-MAB-a Jarai djarai, gia-rai, jorai, cho-rai, chor, mthur San upper Ayun valleys Vietnam; & adjacent Cambodia 5
31-MAB-aa hodrung hdrung Kontum-SW. Vietnam
31-MAB-ab golar Pleiku Vietnam
31-MAB-ac jhue Vietnam
31-MAB-ad arap Vietnam
31-MAB-ae habau ho-bau Vietnam
31-MAB-af to-buan Vietnam
31-MAB-ag sesan Vietnam
31-MAB-ah chuty Vietnam
31-MAB-ai plei-kly* Plei-Kly Vietnam
31-MAB-b Haroi Hau Bon>E. Vietnam 4
31-MAB-ba haroi hrway, hroi, hroy, hoi, aroi, bahnar-cham Vietnam 4
31-MAB-c Rhade rade, raday, rde, e-de, de Ea-Kan Song-Ba middle valleys Vietnam; & adjacent Cambodia ;
migration> U.S.A.
5
31-MAB-ca rde-kpa kpa Vietnam
31-MAB-cb krung-S. Vietnam
31-MAB-cc bih Vietnam
31-MAB-cd ndhur mdhur Vietnam
31-MAB-ce a-dham Vietnam
31-MAB-cf blo Vietnam
31-MAB-cg kodrao kdrao Vietnam
31-MAC CHAM+ NOANG net "coastal chamic", part of "chamic"-S., including ro-glai, ra-glai, radlai,
adlai, ray-glay, rang-glai
31-MAC-a Cacgia-Roglai Phan-Rang>NE. coast Vietnam 3
31-MAC-aa cacgia-roglai Vietnam 3
31-MAC-b Noang+ Chru Song-Cai+ Lagna upper valleys Vietnam 4
31-MAC-ba noang la-oang, roglai-N. Vietnam 4
31-MAC-bb roglai-S. Vietnam 4
31-MAC-bc rai-E. rai 2 Vietnam 4
31-MAC-bd chru churu, chrau-hma, cadoe-loang, seyu, cru, kru, choru, chu, Vietnam 4
31-MAC-c Cham tjam, chiem Vietnam; Cambodia 4
31-MAC-ca cham-E. chiem-thanh Phan-Rang>W. Ham-Tan>E. (3 enclaves) Vietnam 4
31-MAC-cb cham-W. "new" cham Mekong middle valley: Phum Dey Dos downstream;
Tonle Sap lake; Phnom-Penh>N.+ SE. ; Kampot>W. coast; Viet-nam
frontier: Ky upper valley (enclaves)
Cambodia; Vietnam 5
31-MB ACEH chain ACHINESE, part of "achinese+ chamic" chains
31-MBA ACEH net
31-MBA-a Aceh acheh, atjeh, "achehnese", "atjehnese" Sumatra-N. island Indonesia (Sumatera) 6
31-MBA-aa banda banda-aceh Banda-Aceh Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MBA-ab baruh Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MBA-ac bueng Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MBA-ad daja Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MBA-ae pase Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MBA-af tunong Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MBA-ag pidie pedir+ timu Indonesia (Sumatera)

1999 / 2000 edition
31-MC GAYO chain
31-MCA GAYO net
31-MCA-a Gayo gayoo, gajo Sumatra-N. island Takengon, Takingeun Genten
Lokon
Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MCA-aa dorot Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MCA-ab bobasan Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MCA-ac serbodjadi Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MCA-ad tampur Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MD PAKPAK+ LOM
chain
SUMATRA, sumatera, part of "wider malayic" chains
31-MDA PAKPAK+ KARO net BATAK-NORTH
31-MDA-a Alas+ Kluet Indonesia (Sumatera) 4
31-MDA-aa kluet-W. Leuser range-SW. Indonesia (Sumatera) 3
31-MDA-ab kluet-E. Leuser range-E. Indonesia (Sumatera) 3
31-MDA-ac alas Geumapang, Gumpang. valley: Kutacane, Kutatyane Indonesia (Sumatera) 4
31-MDA-b Karo Wampu upper valley Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MDA-ba karo Sibuatan mountain>N. Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MDA-c Pakpak+ Dairi batak-pakpak, batak-dairi Sibuatan mountain>SW. Indonesia (Sumatera) 6
31-MDA-ca dairi Sibuatan mountain>SW. Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDA-cb pakpak Sidikalang> S. Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDA-cc singkil Simpang-kiri lower river: Singkil upstream Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDB SIMALUNGUN net BATAK-CENTRAL
31-MDB-a Simalungun batak-simalungun Toba lake>N. Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MDB-aa simalungun simalungan, simelungan, timur Pematangsiantar Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MDC TOBA+
MANDAILING net
BATAK-SOUTH
31-MDC-a Toba+ Mandailing Toba lake Barumun valley Indonesia (Sumatera) 6
31-MDC-aa toba batak-toba, toba-batak, batta Toba lake+ island Asehan valley Indonesia (Sumatera) 6
31-MDC-ab mandailing batak-mandailing, mandailing batak, batta, batak-S. "vehicular" Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MDC-ac angkola batak-angkola, anakola Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MDD SIMEULUE+ NIAS
net
5
31-MDD-a Simeulue simalur, simulul, simeulo', long-bano, bano, lekon Simeulue Banjak
islands
Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-aa simeulue-W. Simeulue-W. island Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-ab simeulue-E. Simeulue-E. island Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-ac babi* Babi+ Lasia islands Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-ad banjak* Banjak islands: Tuangku+ Bangkaru islands Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-b Sichule Simeulue-C island Indonesia (Sumatera) 4
31-MDD-ba sichule-A. sikhule, sikule, wali-banuah Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-bb lekon Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-bc tapah Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-c Nias Nias Batu islands Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MDD-ca nias-NW. Nias-N.+ C. island Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-cb nias-SE. Nias-S. island Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDD-cc batu Batu+ Pini islands Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE MENTAWAI net part of "sumatra"
31-MDE-a Mentawai mentawei, mentawi Mentawai islands Indonesia (Sumatera) 4
31-MDE-aa siberut-N. Siberut-N. island Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE-ab simalegi Siberut-N. island: Simaleke Hilin* Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE-ac siberut-S. Siberut-S. island Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE-ad sipura sipora Sipura, Sipora island Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE-ae pagai Utara Selatan islands Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE-af sakalagan Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE-ag silabu Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE-ah taikaku Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDE-ai saumanganja Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MDF ENGGANO net
31-MDF ENGGANO
31-MDF-a Enggano Sumatra-SW.: Enggano islands Indonesia (Sumatera) 3
31-MDF-aa enggano "engganese" Indonesia (Sumatera) 3
31-MDG LOM net part of "sumatra"
31-MDG-a Lom Bangka-NE. island Indonesia (Sumatera) 1
31-MDG-aa lom mapor, belom, maporese Belinya peninsula Indonesia (Sumatera) 1

31-ME LAMPUNG+ ABUNG
chain
"lampungic", part of "wider malayic" chains
31-MEA ABUNG+
KOTABUMI net
31-MEA-a Abung Sumatra-S. island Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MEA-aa abung jabung, lampung-N. Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MEA-b Kotabumi Kotabumi> NE. Indonesia (Sumatera) 5*
31-MEA-ba kotabumi lampung-NW. Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MEA-c Menggala Menggala>E. Indonesia (Sumatera) 5*
31-MEA-ca menggala lampung-NE. Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MEB LAMPUNG+
KOMERING net
influenced by [31] Malayu
31-MEB-a Komering Sumatra-S. island Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MEB-aa komering-A. komerin, njo-N. Komering middle valley (Martapura+ Kangkung)
Mesuji river-mouth
31-MEB-ab komering-ogan* ogan 2 Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MEB-b Sungkai Sumatra-S. island Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MEB-ba sungkai Kanan upper valley Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MEB-c Lampung Sumatra-S. island Lampung script Indonesia (Sumatera) 6
31-MEB-ca lampung lampong, lampung-C., api Kanan middle valley (Karangan)
Labuhanmeringgai coast
31-MEB-d Pubian pesisir-N. Sumatra-S. island Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MEB-da pubian Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MEB-e Pesisir pesisir-S., lampung-S. Sumatra-S. island Indonesia (Sumatera) 5
31-MEB-ea kota-agung lampung-SW. Semangka bay: Kota-Agung Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MEB-eb way-lima Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MEB-ec telukbetung Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MEB-ed talang+ padang Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MEB-ee kalianda lampung-SE. Kalianda Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MEB-f Krui lampung-W. Sumatra-S. island Indonesia (Sumatera) 4
31-MEB-fa krui kroe, kru'i, njo-S. Krui Sanggi Kotajawa Indonesia (Sumatera) 4
31-MF MALAYU+ JAWA
chain
part of "wider malayic" chains
31-MFA MALAYU net MALAY, melaju, melayu, in [12] 'Arabiyya: jawi, in [51] French: malais,
in [52] Nederlands: maleis
31-MFA-a Bahasa-Malayu Malay-Indonesian, "general malay", "general malay+ indonesian"
#bahasa=language from c.1450: Perso-Arabic (Jawi) script; Latin
Malaysia; Brunei; Singapore;
Indonesia; Thailand; migration>
Netherlands; United Arab Emirates
8
31-MFA-aa malayu-riau-
johor
"classical malay", 'high malay', "riau-johore malay" from c.1450 Malaysia
31-MFA-ab bahasa-malaysia malaysian, "modern standard malaysian" malayu, bahasa-
kebangsaan (=national language) #=language of Malaysia
KMalaysia; KBrunei; KSingapore 7
31-MFA-ac bahasa-
indonesia
indonesian, "modern standard indonesian" #=language of
Indonesia developed in 20
th
cent. (official in Indonesia since 1945)
KIndonesia; migration>
Netherlands
8*
31-MFA-ad malayu-pasar melayu-pasar, pasir, "pasar-malay", "pasir-malay", "commercial
malay", "bazaar malay", "trade malay", 'low malay'
Malaysia; Brunei; Singapore;
Indonesia; Thailand
7
31-MFA-b Malayu-C. "malay-C.", "malacca-straits local malay" Malaysia; Thailand-S. adjacent;
Singapore ; Indonesia
(Sarawak)
6
31-MFA-ba malayu-kedah Taiping Satun Penang Ko Tarutao islands Malaysia (Kedah; Penang; Perak);
& adjacent Thailand
31-MFA-bb malayu-johor johor, "malay"-S. Malaysia (Johor; Melaka; Pahang;
Selangor; Perak); Singapore
31-MFA-bc malayu-negeri-
sembilan
#=malayu of the nine villages influenced by [31] Minangkabau-
Negeri-Sembilan
Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan)
31-MFA-bd deli Deli sultanate: Pangkalansusu Medan Kisaran Indonesia (Sumatera: Sumatera
Utara)
31-MFA-be malayu-riau riouw, part of riouw+ lingga Riau province: mainland Riau
archipelago
Indonesia (Sumatera: Riau)
31-MFA-bf malayu-lingga part of riouw+ lingga Lingga archipelago Indonesia (Sumatera: Riau)
31-MFA-c Malayu-N. "thailand-gulf local malay" Gulf of Thailand west coast Malaysia (Trengganu; Kelantan);
Thailand-S.
6
31-MFA-ca malayu-trengganu "malaysian" malayu-E. Malaysia (Trengganu)
31-MFA-cb malayu-kelantan Malaysia (Kelantan)
31-MFA-cc malayu-pattani pattani-malay, thai-malay Pattani+ Songhla Nakhon Si
Thammarat Tha Chana
Thailand-S.

1999 / 2000 edition
31-MFA-d Malayu-SW. "sumatra-S. local malay" Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 7
31-MFA-da kerinci Kerinci mountain Kerinci lake Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 5
31-MFA-db lematang Musi middle valley. Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 5*
31-MFA-dba lematang-NW. Sarolangun-E. (Sumatera-S.)
31-MFA-dbb lematang-SE. Muaraenim. (Sumatera-S.)
31-MFA-dc rawas Ambacang Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 5
31-MFA-dd musi Muraktingi-W. Musi middle valley Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 5
31-MFA-de sekayu* Sekayu Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 5
31-MFA-df sindang-kelingi Muraktingi-SE. Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 5*
31-MFA-dg enim Muaraenim-S. Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 5*
31-MFA-dh palembang Palembang Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 5*
31-MFA-di ogan Palembang-S. Pagerdewa Baturaja Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4
31-MFA-dj belide Prabumulih-N. Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4
31-MFA-dk penesak penasak Prabumulih-E. Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dl kayu-agung Kayuagung Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dm lengkayap Baturaja-S. Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4
31-MFA-dn aji Muaradua-N. Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4
31-MFA-do daya Muaradua Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4
31-MFA-dp ranau-pesagi ranau 2 Pesagi-NE.lake Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4
31-MFA-dq semendo part of "middle malay" Muaradua Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dqa semendo-S. Pajarbulan-S. (Sumatera-S.)
31-MFA-dqb semendo-N. Patuh-NE. mountain (Sumatera-S.)
31-MFA-dr pasemah besemah, part of "middle malay" Lahat Uludanau Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-ds lintang Kebur-S. Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dt lembak linggau, including lembak bliti lembak sindang Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dta lembak-N. Lubuklinggau (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dtb lembak-S. Bengkulu-W. (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-du bengkulu benkulan, bencoolen Bengkulu Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dv serawai Tais Manna coast Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dw mulak Bintuan Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dx bangka-W. Bangka island Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dy belitung Beleitung island Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4*
31-MFA-dz suku-batin* Indonesia (Sumatera-S.) 4
31-MFA-e Malayu-Tioman Tioman island Malaysia (Johor) 4*
31-MFA-ea tioman tioman "local malay" Malaysia (Johor)
31-MFA-f Malayu-Borneo "borneo-coast local malay" Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak; Sabah); Brunei
7
31-MFA-fa brunei+ kedayan brunei+ kadaian Malaysia (Sabah; Sarawak) 4
31-MFA-faa kedayan kadaian, kadayan, kadian, kadien, kadyan, karayan, kedyan, kedien,
kerayan Brunei Bay-NE. coast
Malaysia (Sabah)
31-MFA-fab malayu-brunei brunei, "brunei malay", including orang-bukit (=community of the
mountain)
Brunei; Malaysia adjacent
(Sarawak; Sabah)
4
31-MFA-fac kedayan-W.* Baram river-mouth>W. Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFA-fb malayu-sarawak "sarawak malay" Lupar bay & estuary Malaysia (Sarawak) 5*
31-MFA-fc selako+ kendayan malayu-borneo-W., "western coastal malay", including "sea"-dayak-W.
Sematan coast Kumai bay; Anambas islands Kadapongan island
Indonesia (Kalimantan; Jawa
adjacent islands); Malaysia
(Sarawak adjacent)
5*
31-MFA-fca selako Singkawang Sematan coast Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sarawak adjacent)
5
31-MFA-fcb kendayan+ ambayang Mempawah-E. (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcc banana' Singkawang-SE. (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcd tapitan tapitn Bengkayang-E. (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fce kayung (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcf delang (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcg semitau (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fch suhaid (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fci keninjal (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcj mentebah-suruk (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fck serasan Serasan island (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcl subi Subi+ Panjang island (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcm anambas Anambas islands (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcn tambelan Tambelan islands (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fco salembu Masalembu, Salembu islands (Jawa)
31-MFA-fcp karamian Karamian island (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fcq kadapongan Kadapongan+ Matasiri+ Kalambau islands (Kalimantan)

31-MFA-fd banjar banjarese, bandjarese, banjar-malay Kumai Berau river-mouths
influenced by [31] Jawa
Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia
(Sabah)
6
31-MFA-fda sampit Sampit bay (Kalimantan) 4
31-MFA-fdb banjar-kuala kuala Pleihari (Kalimantan) 5
31-MFA-fdc meratus orang-bukit 2 (=mountain community) Meratus mountains
Sampanahan upper valley
(Kalimantan) 4
31-MFA-fdd laut+ sebuku Laut+ Sebuku islands (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fde banjar-hulu-W. Kandangan Rantau (Kalimantan) 5
31-MFA-fdf banjar-hulu-E. Klumpeng Pamukan bays (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fdg balikpapan Balikpapan (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fdh berau Berau-S. river-mouth (enclave) (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fdi tawau Tawau (Sabah)
31-MFA-fe pasir-kalimantan pasir-malay 2 Adang bay Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-MFA-ff kutai kutai-malay Indonesia (Kalimantan) 5
31-MFA-ffa kutai-tenggarong Kutai lower valley (Kalimantan) 5
31-MFA-ffb kutai-ancalong Kinjau lower valley (Kalimantan) 4
31-MFA-ffc kutai-N. Suntan coast Talok peninsula (Kalimantan)
31-MFA-fg kota-bangun kota-bangun kutai, kutai 2 Mahakam+ Belayan confluence:
Kotabangum
Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4*
31-MFA-fh bakumpai-malay Belawang-W. Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4*
31-MFA-fi merau merau-malay Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-MFA-fj labu labu-malay, lebu-malay, lebu, labu-basap Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-MFA-g Malayu-Sulawesi "celebes malay", "celebes vehicular malay" Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-MFA-ga malayu-makassar macassarese, macassarese-malay, makassarese Ujung-Pandang,
Makassar
Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-MFA-gb malayu-manado manado-malay, menadonese Manado Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-MFA-h Malayu-Maluku-N. "moluccan malay"-N. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
31-MFA-ha malayu-ternate ternate Halmahera Obi Suli islands Indonesia (Maluku) 2
31-MFA-hb malayu-bacan bacanese, batjan Bacan island: Labuha Indonesia (Maluku) 3
31-MFA-i Malayu-Maluku-S. "moluccan malay"-S. Indonesia (Maluku) 5
31-MFA-ia malayu-ambon "ambonese", "ambonese malay" Ambon Haruku Nusa Laut
Saparua Seram islands
Indonesia (Maluku); migration>
Netherlands
5
31-MFA-j Malayu-Tenggara "tenggara malay" Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
31-MFA-ja malayu-larantuka ende-malay Flores-E. Solor Pantar Alor Wetar islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
31-MFA-jb basa-kupang Timor-SW. (Kupang) Roti islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
31-MFA-k Malayu-Irian "new-guinea malay" Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
31-MFA-ka malayu-irian irianese Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
31-MFA-l Malayu-Kokos "cocos malay" Australia (Cocos Islands;
Christmas Island); migration>
Malaysia (Sabah)
3
31-MFA-la kokos-keeling Cocos-Keeling islands Australia (Cocos Islands) 2
31-MFA-lb kokos-krismes Christmas islands Australia (Christmas Island) 2
31-MFA-lc kokos-sabah Tawau Lahad Datu (enclaves) Malaysia (Sabah) 3
31-MFB BETAWI+ CHITI net MALAYO-CREOLE
31-MFB-a 'Baba-Malay' "chinese malay" influenced by [79] Min-nan Singapore; Malaysia (Melaka) 5
31-MFB-aa 'baba-malay' baba Singapore; Malaysia (Melaka) 5
31-MFB-aaa singapour-baba Katong Geylang+ Joo Chiat Singapore 5
31-MFB-aab malacca-baba (Melaka) 4
31-MFB-b Peranakan "chinese indonesian malay" influenced by [79] Min-nan Indonesia (Jawa) 4
31-MFB-ba paranakan baba-indonesian Indonesia (Jawa) 4
31-MFB-c Betawi Jakarta Indonesia (Jawa) 6
31-MFB-ca bahasa-betawi malayu-jakarta, melayu-jakarte, batavi, batawi, omong-jakarta
(=dialect of Jakarta), "jakarta creole malay", "jakartanese"; betawi-
asli community #=language of Batavia influenced by [79] Min-nan
Jakarta, former Batavia
Indonesia (Jawa; Bali) 6
31-MFB-caa betawi-F. "formal" betawi Jakarta, former Batavia (Jawa)
31-MFB-cab betawi-U. "popular urban" betawi Jakarta, former Batavia (Jawa)
31-MFB-cac malayu-bali Bali-SW. island (Bali)
31-MFB-d Chiti Melaka straits Malaysia (Peninsula) 4*
31-MFB-da chiti "chitties creole malay", "malaccan creole malay" Melaka straits
influenced by [46] Tamil
Malaysia (Peninsula)
31-MFB-e Malayu-Lanka "sri lankan creole malay", "sri lankan malay" influenced by [49] Tamil
Perso-Arabic (Jawi) script; Latin
Sri Lanka 4
31-MFB-ea malayu-lanka-F. "literary sri-lankan malay" Sri Lanka
31-MFB-eb malayu-lanka-U. "popular urban sri-lankan malay" Colombo Kandy Badulla
Hambantota
Sri Lanka 4

1999 / 2000 edition
31-MFC MOKEN+ MOKLEN
net
31-MFC-a Moken mawken, basing, chau-ko', lawta, in [77] Bama: salon, selung, selong,
in [48] Thai: chao-thalee (=community of the ocean), part of "sea-
gipsy", in [31] Malay: orang-laut seafaring nomads Mergui
archipelago
Burma-S.; Thailand-S. 3
31-MFC-aa moken mawken, chau-ko' Burma-S. and/or Thailand-S. 3
31-MFC-aaa dung Burma-S. and/or Thailand-S.
31-MFC-aab ja-it Burma-S. and/or Thailand-S.
31-MFC-aac l'be Burma-S. and/or Thailand-S.
31-MFC-aad basing Burma-S. and/or Thailand-S.
31-MFC-b Moklen Thailand-S. 3
31-MFC-ba moklen Phangnga Phuket islands Thailand-S. 3
31-MFD URAK-LAWOI net
31-MFD-a Urak-Lawoi urak lawoi', orak lawoi, part of "sea-gipsy", in [31] Malay: orang-laut Thailand-S.; Malaysia (Kedah) 3
31-MFD-aa urak-lawoi-N. Phuket Lanta Adang islands Thailand-S. 3
31-MFD-ab urak-lawoi-S. Batang, Butang Langkawi islands Thailand-S.; Malaysia (Kedah) 0
31-MFE DUANO net part of "para-malay"
31-MFE-a Duano Melaka straits Malaysia (Johor) 3
31-MFE-aa duano' orang kuala, desin-dola' Pontial Kechil Batu Pahat coast (enclaves) Malaysia (Johor) 3
31-MFF TEMUAN+ SELETAR
net
jakun, "island aboriginal" malay, part of "para-malay" Malaysia (Pahang)
31-MFF-a Temuan benua, jakun -N., niap Malaysia (Pahang) 4*
31-MFF-aa temuan-A. temuan "proper" Malaysia (Pahang) 4
31-MFF-ab beduanda biduanda Malaysia (Pahang) 3*
31-MFF-ac belanda belandas, belana, blanda, landa, belanas Malaysia (Pahang) 3*
31-MFF-ad berembun birmun Malaysia (Pahang)
31-MFF-ae besisi cellate, mah-meri, sisi Malaysia (Pahang) 3
31-MFF-af kenaboi* orang kenaboi, "post-kenaboi-austronesian" Malaysia (Pahang) 0*
31-MFF-ag mantra mentera, mintra Malaysia (Pahang) 3*
31-MFF-ah udai Malaysia (Pahang) 3*
31-MFF-b Orang-Hulu Malaysia (Pahang; Johor) 4
31-MFF-ba orang-hulu jakun -S., jaku'd, jakud'n, jakoon, djakun Malaysia (Pahang) 4
31-MFF-c Orang-Kanaq Mawai-NE. Malaysia (Johor) 1
31-MFF-ca orang-kanaq Malaysia (Johor) 1
31-MFF-d Orang-Seletar Singapore River both banks Malaysia (Johor); Singapore 2
31-MFF-da orang-seletar Malaysia (Johor); Singapore 2
31-MFG MINANG net part of "para-malay"
31-MFG-a Minang minang-kabau, padang influenced by [31] Malayu Indonesia (Sumatera; migration>
Jawa); Malaysia (Peninsula)
5
31-MFG-aa minang-W. Sumatra coast-W. Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MFG-aaa meulaboh Meulaboh (coastal enclave) (Sumatera)
31-MFG-aab blangpidie Blangpidie (coastal enclave) (Sumatera)
31-MFG-aac tapaktuan Tapaktuan (coastal enclave) (Sumatera)
31-MFG-aad minang-singkil singkil 2 Singkil (coastal enclave) (Sumatera)
31-MFG-aae sibolga Sibolga (coastal enclave) (Sumatera)
31-MFG-aaf minang-padang padang 2 Singkuang Padang coast Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFG-ab minang-N. Rokan valley Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MFG-ac minang-C. Talkmau Malintang mountains+ foothills Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MFG-aca minang-CN. Bangkinang (Sumatera)
31-MFG-acb minang-CW. pajokumbuh Payakumbuh, Pajokumbuh (Sumatera)
31-MFG-acc minang-A. Batusangkar (Sumatera)
31-MFG-acd singkarak Singkarak lake (Sumatera)
31-MFG-ace minang-CE. (Inderagiri upper & middle valley) Sijunjung Rengat (Sumatera)
31-MFG-ad minang-S. (Masurai mountain) Hari headwaters Musi sources Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MFG-ada minang-SE. (Sumatera)
31-MFG-adb minang-SW. Painan Indrapura (Sumatera)
31-MFG-adc minang-kerinci kerinci-mingkabau Kerinci mountain (Sumatera)
31-MFG-ae muko-muko influenced by [31] Rejang Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MFG-af pekal influenced by [31] Rejang Indonesia (Sumatera) 4
31-MFG-ag agam* Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MFG-ah tanah* Indonesia (Sumatera) 4*
31-MFG-ai minangkabau-
negeri-sembilan
"malaysian-minangkabau", ulu-muar-malay, orang-negeri
#=minangkabau of the 9 towns Kuala Lumpur>SE.
Malaysia (Peninsula) 4*

31-MFH LUBU+ KUBU net part of "para-malay"
31-MFH-a Lubu* kerinci, kerinchi, kerintji, kinchai Kerinci mountain (Sungaipenuh) Indonesia (Sumatera) 4
31-MFH-aa ulu Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-ab mamaq orang-mamak Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-ac akit Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-ad talang Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-ae sakei Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-b Kubu Bangko-S. Indonesia (Sumatera) 3
31-MFH-ba lalang Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-bb bajat Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-bc ulu-lako Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-bd tungkal Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-be tungkal-ilir Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-bf dawas Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-bg supat Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-bh djamb jambi-malay Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-bi ridan Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFH-bj kubu-nomad "nomadic" kubu Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFI REJANG net "pseudo para-malay"
31-MFI-a Rejang rejang-lebong, redjang, jang, djang, Duen mountain: Bengkulu>N. Indonesia (Sumatera) 6
31-MFI-aa lebong djang-lebong Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFI-ab musai djang-musai Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFI-ac lai djang-lai Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFI-ad bekulau djang-bekulau Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFI-ae bele-tebo djang-bele-tebo Indonesia (Sumatera)
31-MFJ BALAU+ SIGARAU*
net
"malayic-dayak", "malay-dayak", including 'iban', 'ivan', "ibanic", "sea
dayak" #in [31] Kayan: iban, ivan=immigrant, migrant
31-MFJ-a Balau+ Sekarang 'iban'-sarawak Malaysia (Sarawak); Brunei 5
31-MFJ-aa batang-lupar Malaysia (Sarawak); Brunei 4*
31-MFJ-ab bugau-N. Malaysia (Sarawak); Brunei 4*
31-MFJ-ac balau bala'u, kami-balau Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-MFJ-ad milikin millikin Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-MFJ-ae sibuyau sebuyau, sabuyau, sibuian, sibuyan, sabuyan Malaysia (Sarawak) 3
31-MFJ-af kantu' Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFJ-ag desa Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFJ-ah dali Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFJ-ai lemanak Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFJ-aj ulu-al Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFJ-ak undup Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFJ-al sekarang Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFJ-am dau Malaysia (Sarawak)
31-MFJ-b Sigarau+ Sebaru 'iban'-ketungau Ketungau river-basin Indonesia (Kalimantan) 3
31-MFJ-ba air-tabun Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-bb sigarau Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-bc sekalau Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-bd sekapat Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-be bugau-S. Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-bf banjur Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-bg sebaru' Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-bh demam Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-bi maung Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFJ-c Seberuang 'iban'-seberuang Kapuas upper river-basin Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-MFJ-ca seberuang Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-MFK EMBALOH net
31-MFK-a Embaloh Borneo-CW. island: Kapuas upper river-basin Indonesia (Kalimantan) 4
31-MFK-aa embaloh-A. mbaloh, maloh, malo, memaloh, matoh, including sangau, sanggau Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFK-ab taman taman-dayak, dayak-taman Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFK-aba kapuas-taman Kapuas upper valley Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFK-abb mendalem-taman taman-mendalem Mendalem valley Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFK-abc sibau-taman taman-sibau Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFK-ac palin pari Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFK-ad lauk Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFK-ae leboyan Indonesia (Kalimantan)
31-MFK-af kalis kalis-dayak, kalis-maloh Indonesia (Kalimantan)

1999 / 2000 edition
31-MFL MADURA+
KANGEAN net
"wider" madura +transition between [31] Malayu & [31] Jawa+
Tengger chains
31-MFL-a Madura madhura, madurese including at least 2 social registers Indonesia (Jawa); migration>
Singapore
7
31-MFL-aa madura-W. Madura-W. island Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFL-aaa bangkalan Bangkalan Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFL-aab bawean boyanese Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFL-ab madura-C. pamekasan Madura-C. island: Pamekasan Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFL-ac madura-E. Madura-E. Sapudi islands Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFL-aca sumenep Sumenap (Jawa)
31-MFL-acb sapudi Sapudi island (Jawa)
31-MFL-ad pasuruan+ besuki Java-NE. island Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFL-ada pasuruan Pasuran Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFL-adb besuki Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFL-b Kangean Kangean islands Indonesia (Jawa) 5*
31-MFL-ba kangean Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFM JAWA+ TENGGER
net
part of "sundic"
31-MFM-a Jawa Javanese, djawa, "javanese", in [52] Nederlands: javaansch, in [51]
French: javanais from c.750: Javanese script; Arabic script; from
early 20
th
cent.: Latin script
Indonesia (Jawa; migration> Bali;
Sumatera; Selatan; Kalimantan;
Sulawesi-S.; Maluku; Irian Jaya);
migration> Malaysia (Sabah);
Singapore; New Caledonia /
Kanaky; French Guiana; Surinam
7
31-MFM-aa tembung-kawi "traditional literary javanese", kawi #=poet's language influenced
by [59] Sanskrit
Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFM-ab jawa-halus "hindu liturgical javanese" influenced by [59] Sanskrit Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFM-ac jawa-pegon "islamic javanese" influenced by [12] 'Arabiyya Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFM-ad basa-kedatan basa-kedaton, "palace javanese" influenced by [59] Sanskrit Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFM-ae basa-krama krama, kromo, "courtly javanese", "reverential javanese" register
influenced by [59] Sanskrit
Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFM-aea krama-inggil high krama register (Jawa)
31-MFM-aeb krama-andhap humble krama register (Jawa)
31-MFM-af basa-madya "intermediate" javanese register Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFM-ag jawa-F. "modern literary javanese", "standard javanese" Central East (Solo)
model
Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFM-ah jawa-G. basa-ngoko, ngoko, "common" javanese, "generalised javanese",
including jawa-NW.+ jawa-E. Java-C.+ E. island this basic form
of Jawa, together with its regional dialects, alternates lexically in given
social situations with the Basa-Krama or Basa-Madya registers listed
above
Indonesia (Jawa) 7
31-MFM-aha haurgeulis part of jawa-NW. Haurgeulis-W. (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahb manuk indramayu, part of jawa-NW. Manuk lower valley: Indramayu (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahc cirebon part of jawa-NW., chirebon, tjirebon Cirebon (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahd jawa-CW. part of jawa-NW., including tega Brebes+ Batang coast
Pangandaran+ Kebumen coast
(Jawa)
31-MFM-ahe solo jawa-CE., surakarta, surkarta Jogyakarta Surakarta (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahf pekalongan part of jawa-E. Pekalongan (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahg surabaya part of jawa-E. Surabaya (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahh malang+ pasuruan part of jawa-E. (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahi semarang* Semarang (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahj tembung (Jawa)
31-MFM-ahk pasisir (Jawa)
31-MFM-ai banten jawa-W. Serang Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFM-aj osing banyuwangi Banyuwangi modified Javanese script Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFM-ak jawa-palembang Palembang Indonesia (Sumatera) 6*
31-MFM-al jawa-surinam "caribbean javanese" Surinam; French Guiana 5
31-MFM-am jawa-nouma influenced by [51] Franais Nouma New Caledonia / Kanaky 5
31-MFM-b Tengger Tengger>SW.: slopes of Bromo volcano Indonesia (Jawa) 5
31-MFM-ba tengger "tenggerese" Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFN SUNDA+ BADUI net "wider" sundanese
31-MFN-a Sunda Sundanese, priangan, pringan, sounda Java-W. island Indonesia (Jawa) 7
31-MFN-aa sunda-L. "archaic literary" sunda, "old" sunda from c.1350: Javanese script;
Perso-Arabic script
Indonesia (Jawa)
31-MFN-ab sunda-F. "modern literary" sunda, "standard" sunda from c.1850: Sunda
Bandung model; Latin script
Indonesia (Jawa)

31-MFN-ac sunda-bandung "central" sunda Bandung Sukabumi Pelabuanratu bay Indonesia (Jawa) 7
31-MFN-aca basa-kasar "everyday" sunda register (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-acb basa-lemes "high" sunda register (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-acc basa-sedeng "neutral" sunda register (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-acd basa-tjohag "low" sunda register (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-ad sunda-W. Mauk, Mawuk Ciliangkahan coast with registers (cf.Sunda-
Bandung)
Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-ae sunda-N. bogor, krawang Bogor Subang with registers Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-af sunda-CE. Ciremay mountain Majalengka with registers Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-ag sunda-SE. Wado Parigi with registers Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-ah sunda-NE. Kuningan-E. with registers Indonesia (Jawa) 6*
31-MFN-b Badui Kendang mountain Sukabumi Indonesia (Jawa) 3
31-MFN-ba badui Indonesia (Jawa) 3
31-MFO BALI+ SASAK net
31-MFO-a Bali Balinese, including registers: basa-ketah, "common balinese" basa-
madia, "intermediate balinese" basa-singgih, "reverential balinese",
"sanskritised balinese" Bali island
Indonesia (Bali; Nusa Tenggara;
migration> Jawa)
6
31-MFO-aa bali-L. "archaic literary balinese" from 10
th
cent.: Javanese script; Perso-
Arabic script
Indonesia (Bali) 6
31-MFO-ab bali-F. "literary balinese", "standard balinese" from early 20
th
cent.:
Lowland Balinese model; Latin script
Indonesia (Bali) 6
31-MFO-ac bali-W. part of "lowland balinese" Indonesia (Bali) 6
31-MFO-aca grogak Grogak (Bali)
31-MFO-acb jembrana Jembrana (Bali)
31-MFO-ad bali-S. part of "lowland balinese" Indonesia (Bali)
31-MFO-ada badung Badung (Bali)
31-MFO-adb gianyar Gianyar (Bali)
31-MFO-adc klungkung Klungkung (Bali)
31-MFO-add karangasem Karangasem (Bali)
31-MFO-ade mataram Lombok-W. island: Mataram (Nusa Tenggara)
31-MFO-ae bali-U. "simplified balinese", "urban balinese" Indonesia (Bali) 6
31-MFO-aea singaraja Singaraja (Bali)
31-MFO-aeb tabanan Tabanan+ Selemadeg (Bali)
31-MFO-aec denpasar Denpasar (Bali)
31-MFO-af bali-aga "highland balinese" Bali-N. island Indonesia (Bali) 4
31-MFO-afa bali-aga-N. Temukus Tejakula (Bali)
31-MFO-afb bali-aga-E. Kesimpar (Bali)
31-MFO-afc bali-aga-S. Sengkidu (Bali)
31-MFO-ag nusa-penida Penida island Indonesia (Bali)
31-MFO-b Sasak lombok Lombok-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 6
31-MFO-ba kuto-kute sasak-N. Tanjung Bayan Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
31-MFO-bb ngeto-ngete sasak-NE. Lombok Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
31-MFO-bc meno-mene sasak-C. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
31-MFO-bd ngeno-ngene sasak-SE. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
31-MFO-be mriak-mriku sasak-CS. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
31-MFO-c Sumbawa Sumbawa island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
31-MFO-ca sumbawa semawa, "sumbawarese" Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
31-N BUGIS+
GORONTALO set
SULAWESI
31-NA MUNA+ BUTON
chain
31-NAA TUKANG+
BONERATE net
31-NAA-a Bonerate Kalao-E. island Karompa island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAA-aa bonerate-A. Bonerate island Kalao-E. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NAA-ab karompa tanahmulala Karompa island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NAA-b Tukang-Besi-S. wakatobi-S. Tukangbesi-S. archipelago Indonesia (Sulawesi; also
migration> Maluku; Irian Jaya)
3*
31-NAA-ba binongko Binongko island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAA-bb tomea tomia Tomea island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NAA-c Tukang-Besi-N. wakatobi-N. Tukangbesi-N. archipelago Indonesia (Sulawesi); migration>
Singapore
3*
31-NAA-ca kaledupa kahedupa Kaledupa island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NAA-cb wanci wanji, wantji, wanje, wangi-wangi Wangiwangi island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*

1999 / 2000 edition
31-NAB KALAOTOA+
LAIYOLO net
31-NAB-a Kalaotoa Kalaotoa island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAB-aa kalaotoa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAB-b Laiyolo da'ang Salayar-S. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAB-ba barang-barang lowa Barang-Barang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NAB-bb laiyolo-A. layolo, lajolo Laiyolo Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NAC WABULA+
KAESABU net
31-NAC-a WABULA+
KAESABU
'cia-cia', buton-S., butung-S., "butonese"-S., in [52] Nederlands: zuid-
boetoneezen Butung-S. island
Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NAC-aa kaesabu Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-ab sampolawa mambulu-laporo Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-ac wabula+ wali Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-aca wabula Wabula (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-acb burungasi Burungasi (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-acc takimpo tokimpo Tokimpo (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-acd kondowa Kondowa (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-ace holimombo (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-acf wali Wali island (Sulawesi)
31-NAC-ad masiri Masiri Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAD LASALIMU net
31-NAD-a Lasalimu Buton-SE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAD-aa lasalimu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAE WOLIO net
31-NAE-a Wolio Buton-SW. island: Baubau Perso-Arabic script Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NAE-aa wolio baubau, buton, butung, "butonese proper", in [52] Nederlands:
boetoneezen former aristocratic language, associated with Sultan's
court at Baubau spoken dialects to be distinguished
31-NAF KAMARU net
31-NAF-a Kamaru Buton-SE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAF-aa kamaru Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAG WOTU net
31-NAG-a Wotu Sulawesi-C. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAG-aa wotu Wotu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAH MUNA+ LIABUKU
net
31-NAH-a Busoa Sulawesi-SE. island Buton-SW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NAH-aa busoa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NAH-b Liabuku Sulawesi-SE. island Buton-S. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAH-ba liabuku Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAH-c Kaimbulawa Sulawesi-SE. island Siompu island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAH-ca kaimbulawa-A. Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-cb lantoi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-cc kambe-kambero Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-d Muna wuna, mounan Muna island Buton-N. island also migration>
Ambon island
Indonesia (Sulawesi; migration >
Maluku)
5
31-NAH-da gumas muna-S. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NAH-daa gu Gu (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dab mawasangka Mawasangka (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dac lakudo (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dad wale-ale (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dae lawama (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-daf kadatua Kadatuang island (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dag lowu-lowu (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dah kalia-lia (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dai katobengke (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-daj topa (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dak salaa (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dal lawela Lawele (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dam laompo (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dan burukene (Sulawesi)

31-NAH-db muna-N. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NAH-dba muna-F. "standard" muna (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dbb tungkuno Tongkuno (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dbc kabawo (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dbd lawa-sulawesi lawa 2 (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dbe katobu Katabu (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dbf tobea-besar (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-dc siompu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NAH-dd tiworo muna-E. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NAH-e Pancana pantjana Sulawesi-SE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NAH-ea kapontori Kapontori Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-eb kalende lawele Kalende Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-ec labuandiri Labuandiri Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-f Kioko Kulisusu district Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NAH-fa kioko-A. Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NAH-fb kambowa Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NB BUGIS+ MANDAR
chain
SULAWESI-SOUTH Lontara, Bugis-Makassar script
31-NBA MAKASSAR+
KONJO net
31-NBA-a Salayar Salayar island Kalao island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBA-aa salayar-A. selayar, salajar, salayer, silajara, siladja, saleier Salayar island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBA-ab tanahjampea* Tanahjampea island Kalao-W. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBA-b Bentong Sulawesi-SW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBA-ba bentong dentong Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBA-c Makassar makasar, macassarese, macassar, makassa, taena, tena,
mengkasara, mangasara, makassarese, makassaarsche Sulawesi-
SW. island
31-NBA-ca gowa goa prestige language Ujung Pandang, Makassar Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBA-cb lakiung Ujung Pandang Spermo islands Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBA-cba ujungpandang Ujung Pandang (Sulawesi)
31-NBA-cbb spermo Spermo islands (Sulawesi)
31-NBA-cbc tupu makassar-N. Tupu (Sulawesi)
31-NBA-cc maros+ pangkep Maros Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBA-cd turatea jeneponto Bontosunggu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBA-d Konjo-S. kondjo, tiro, "coastal" konjo Sulawesi-SW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NBA-da konjo-pesisir ara, bira Bira Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBA-db tana-toa tana-towa, kajang, kadjang, "black" konjo Kajang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBA-dc banta-eng bonthain Bonthain, Banta-Eng Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBA-e Konjo-NW. Sulawesi-SW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NBA-ea konjo-pegunungan konyo, "highland" konjo Lompobatang mountain Konjo upper valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NBB BUGIS net BUGINESE
31-NBB-a Bugis bugi, ugi, de', "buginese", in [52] Nederlands: boegineesche,
boeginezen Sulawesi-SW. island ; also migration> Sulawesi-N.+ E.
island (at least 10 enclaves)
Indonesia (Sulawesi > Kalimantan;
Sumatera; Maluku; Irian Jaya);
Malaysia (Sabah)
6
31-NBB-aa enna Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-aaa sinjai Sinjai (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-aab palatae palattae Palatae (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-aac bulukumba (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ab bone Watampone Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-aba palakka (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-abb dua-boccoe (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-abc mare (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ac soppeng Walanae valley>W. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-aca soppeng-A. Watansoppeng (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-acb kessi (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ad barru soppeng-riaja* Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-ada barru-A. tanete Barru, Tanete (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-adb pare-pare Parepare (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-adc nepo (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-add tompo (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ae sawitto Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-aea pinrang Pinrang (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-aeb polewali Polewali (Sulawesi)

1999 / 2000 edition
31-NBB-af sidrap rappang-buginese Baranti Rappang Belawa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-afa sidenrang Sidenreng lake (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-afb pinrang+ utara (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-afc alitta (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ag wajo Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-ah luwu' luwu-S. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-aha luwu'-A. laowu Laowu (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ahb bua-ponrang (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ahc wara (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ahd malangke+ ussu Malangke (Sulawesi)
31-NBB-ai pasangkayu ugi riawa Pasangkayu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-aj pangkep pangkajene Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBB-ak camba Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBC KAMPALAGIAN+
BUKU net
31-NBC-a Kampalagian+ Buku tallumpanuae, tjampalagian, tasing Sulawesi-W. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBC-aa campalagian Campalagian Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBC-ab buku Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBD MAIWA+ DURI net masenrempulu, massenrempulu Sulawesi-W. island
31-NBD-a Maiwa Boya upper valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBD-aa maiwa Maiwa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBD-b Enrekang endekan, endekan-timur Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBD-ba enrekang-A. Enrekang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBD-bb ranga Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBD-bc pattinjo letta+ batulappa+ kassa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBD-bca letta Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBD-bcb batulappa Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBD-bcc kassa Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBD-c Duri Sadang middle valley ; also migration> Ujung Pandang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBD-ca duri-A. "prestige" masenrempulu prestige language Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBD-cb cakke Cakke Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBD-cc kalosi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBD-d Malimpung Malimpung Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBD-da malimpung masenrempulu-N. Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE TORAJA+ MAMASA*
net
sa'dan, sadan, sada
31-NBE-a Toala+ Palili part of toraja-timur, toraja-E. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBE-aa toala' toala Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-ab toware Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-ac sangangalla' Pinrang-W. Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-ad sillanan+
gandangbatu
Belopa coast Mesup middle valley Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-ae palili' Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-b Tae rongkong, tae', toware, taeq, tae'-tae', part of toraja-timur, toraja-E. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NBE-ba to-rongkong Balase middle valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBE-baa rongkong-kanandede (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-bab rongkong-atas (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-bac rongkong-bawah (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-bad seko-lemo (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-bb luwu-NE.* Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-bc bua Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-c Talondo Mamaju district Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NBE-ca talondo' Talondo Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-cb pedasi Pedasi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-d Toraja-Sadan sa'dan, sadan, sada, sadang, toraja, toradja, toraja-S., in [52]
Nederlands: sa'dansche Tana Toraja Luwu districts; migration>
Ujung Pandang
31-NBE-da makale Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-db tallulembangna Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-dc rantepao sa'dan-balusu prestige language Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-dd kesu' Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-de toraja-barat mappa-pana #barat=west toraja Mesup lower valley Indonesia (Sulawesi)

31-NBE-e Mangki makki, maki, ma'ki, mangkir, kalumpang Budong-Budong valley
extinct
31-NBE-ea kalumpang galumpang Kalumpang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NBE-eb karataun Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NBE-ec mablei Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NBE-ed mangki-A. e'da Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NBE-ee bone-hau ta'da Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NBE-f Mamasa Mamasa valley Gandadiwata mountain Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NBE-fa mamasa-S. pattae', patta'-binuang Mamasa middle valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBE-faa binuang (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-fab paki (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-fac batetanga (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-fad anteapi (Sulawesi)
31-NBE-fb mamasa-C. Mamasa upper valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBE-fc mamasa-N. Gandadiwata mountain Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NBF MANDAR net
31-NBF-a Mandar andian, manjar, in [52] Nederlands: mandharsche Malunda Mapili Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NBF-aa balanipa napo+ tinambung Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBF-aaa napo (Sulawesi)
31-NBF-aab tinambung (Sulawesi)
31-NBF-ab majene Majene Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5*
31-NBF-aba malunda Malunda (Sulawesi)
31-NBF-abb pamboang (Sulawesi)
31-NBF-abc sendana cenrana, tjendana (Sulawesi)
31-NBF-abd awoq* awo', awo'-sumakuyu, awoq-sumakuyu (Sulawesi)
31-NBG PITU+ ARALLE net
31-NBG-a Aralle+ Pannei Malunda-NE. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NBG-aa aralle Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-aaa tabulahan ran-tebulahan-W. (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-aab mambi (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-ab dakka* Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-ac pannei Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-aca tapango (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-acb bulo (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-b Pitu-Ulunna-Salu pitu-uluna-salo, pitu uluna binanga, pus, tenete Maposo+ Mapilli
watershed
31-NBG-ba bumal Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-bb bambam bambang, bamban, bambang hulu Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-bc mehala'an rantebulahan-E.+ mehala'an Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-bd rantebulahan-W. rantebulawan Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-be pattae galung Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-bf matangnga Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-bg issilita' Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-bh salu-mukanam salu-mukang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-bi pakkau Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-c Ulumanda ulumandak, oeloemanda, ulunda, tubbi, botteng-tappalang, awo-
sumakuyu, kado Polmas Majene
31-NBG-ca sondoang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-cb tappalang Tappalang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBG-cc botteng Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBH MAMUJU+ PADANG
net
31-NBH-a Mamuju+ Padang mamudju, udai, in [52] Nederlands: mamoedjoe, mamoedjoesch
Mamuju Budung-budung lower valley
31-NBH-aa mamuju prestige language Mamuju Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBH-ab sumare-rangas Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBH-ac padang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBH-ad sinyonyoi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBI TONGKOU+
PANASUAN net
31-NBI-a Tongkou Budong-Budong valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 1
31-NBI-aa tongkou budong-budong, tangkou Tongkou Indonesia (Sulawesi) 1
31-NBI-b Panasuan Kabinturu-SW. mountain Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NBI-ba to-panasuan to-panasean, to-pamosean Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
31-NBJ SEKO net
31-NBJ-a Seko-Tengah seko-W. Betue valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NBJ-aa seko-tengah-A. seko-tengah "proper", tengah 2 Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBJ-ab pewanean pohoneang, pewaneang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBJ-b Seko-Padang seko-NE. Wono migration> Palolo valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NBJ-ba sua-to-padang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBJ-bb lodang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NBJ-bc hono' wono Wono Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NC LEMOLANG chain
31-NCA LEMOLANG net
31-NCA-a Lemolang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NCA-aa sassa+ salassa Sassa Salassa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NCA-ab baebunta Baebunta Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-ND BUNGKU+ MORI
chain
part of sulawesi-CW., 'nahine', 'nahina', etc. (obsolete pejorative
names)
31-NDA WITAEA+
TOKOTU'A net
bungku-SW.
31-NDA-a Tokotu'a kabaena Kabaena island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NDA-aa tokotu'-a kabaena Kabaena island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NDA-b Witaea wita-ea, moronene Sulawesi-SE. island: Poleang Kolaka Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NDA-ba moronene maronene Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NDA-bb poleang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NDA-bc rumbia Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NDB KULISUSU+
KORONI net
bungku-SE.
31-NDB-a Taloki taluki Buton island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDB-aa maligano Maligano Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDB-ab wakalambe* Buton-S. island: Wakalambe Indonesia (Sulawesi) 1
31-NDB-b Kulisusu kalisusu, kolinsusu, kolensusu Buton-N. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NDB-ba kulisusu-A. Kulisusu subdistrict Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NDB-bb bonegunu Bonegunu subdistrict Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NDB-c Koroni Sulawesi-C. island: Bungku Tengah subdistrict Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDB-ca koroni Unsongi Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDC BUNGKU+ WAWONI
net
bungku-N.
31-NDC-a Wawoni+ Menui Wowoni island Manui island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NDC-aa wawonii wowoni, wowonii Wowoni island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NDC-ab menui manui Manui island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDC-b Torete Sulawesi-SW. island: Nipanipa peninsula Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDC-ba to-rete-A. Kendari Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDC-bb watu-S.* Kendari environs Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NDC-c Tulambatu Motorape-S. bay Labengke island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDC-ca tu-lambatu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDC-cb landawe Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDC-d Watu* Solo upper Matarombeo upper valleys extinct Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NDC-da watu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NDC-e Waia Sulawesi-SW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDC-ea waia Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDC-f Bungku 'nahine' Sulawesi-SW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NDC-fa bungku Solo lower left bank Bungku Towori bay ;Tiworo>NE. coast (3
enclaves) former vehicular language
31-NDC-g Routa Karoni mountain>S. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDC-ga epe-routa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDD TOLAKI+
MEKONGGA* net
31-NDD-a Mekongga mekongka, bingkokak Sulawesi-SE.island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NDD-aa konio Labandia upper valley Waimenda coast Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NDD-ab tamboki tambuoki Latoma Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NDD-ac norio Waimenda coast Batikala peninsula Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NDD-ad laiwui kioki Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDD-b Rahambuu Sulawesi-SW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDD-ba rahambuu-A. Pakue sub-district Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDD-bb to-wiaoe* wiau Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NDD-c Kodeoha Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDD-ca kodeoha kondeha Lasusua sub-district Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3

31-NDD-d Tolaki to-laki, to'-olaki, lo-laki, la-laki, laki, olaki, kolaka, 'noie', 'noihe',
'nehina', 'nohina', 'nahina', 'akido' Sulawesi-SE. island
31-NDD-da konawe tolaki-C. Laimea+ Torobuku coast Solo right bank Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NDD-db kendari* Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NDD-e Asera+ Wiwirano to-laki-N., la-laki-N., laki-N. Solo upper valley Matarombeo upper
headwaters
Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2*
31-NDD-ea asera asera-wanua Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2*
31-NDD-eb labea'-u* labeau Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2*
31-NDD-ec wiwi-rano Indonesia (Sulawesi) 1
31-NDD-f Waru Matarombeo upper valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDD-fa waru-A. mopute, mapute, 'nehina' 2 Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDD-fb lalomerui Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2*
31-NDE BAHONSUAI+
TOMADINO net
31-NDE-a Bahonsuai Sulawesi-SE. island: Bungku Tengah sub-district Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDE-aa bahonsuai Bahonsuai Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDE-b Tomadino Sulawesi-SE. island: Bungku Tengah sub-district Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDE-ba tomadino Sekita Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NDF MORI net Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NDF-a Padoe mori-S. Towuti lake Angkona Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDF-aa padoe-A. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NDF-ab alalao* Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2*
31-NDF-b Mori-Atas Mori Atas sub-district #in [31] Bahasa-Indonesia: mori-atas
=upper mori
31-NDF-ba mori-W. mori-atas "proper", "upper" mori Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NDF-bb aikoa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NDF-c Mori-Bawah mori-E., 'nahina' 2, "lower" mori #in [31] Bahasa-Indonesia: mori-
bawah =lower mori Petasia Lembo sub-districts
31-NDF-ca tambe'e Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NDF-cb nahina Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NDF-cc petasia Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NDF-cd soroako saroako, mokole Matana lake: Soroako Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NDF-ce karonsie karunsi, watu-karunsi Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NE KAILI+ PAMONA
chain
part of sulawesi-CW.
31-NEA PAMONA* net
31-NEA-a Pamona-SE. part of "maritime" pamona Densongi coast La river-mouth Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NEA-aa to-mbelala pamona-SE., baria, bela, belala Densongi Bahomonte coast Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-ab sinohoan daido, ido, idore'e Tolo bay Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-aba sinohoan-S. Tolo south shore.: Wata La river-mouth (Sulawesi)
31-NEA-abb sinohoan-N. Tolo north shore: Batui>SW. (Sulawesi)
31-NEA-ac batui Tolo north shore: Batui>SW. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-b Pamona-SW.* Kalaene middle valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NEA-ba laiwonu iba Kalaene middle right bank Indonesia 3*
31-NEA-bb pu'u-mbotu Kalaene middle left bank Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-c Pamona-C. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEA-ca to-bau to-bao, to-balo, bare'e, baree Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-cb to-kondindi Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-cc to-pada Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-cd to-moni* Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-ce rapangkaka* aria Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-d Pamona-W.* "mountain" pamona Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NEA-da pusangke Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-db kajumorangka Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-dc to-kasiala Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-dd burangas Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEA-e Pamona-N. part of "maritime" pamona Tomini bay Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NEA-ea to-potaa taa, ta'a, wana, poso, beach pamona Tiwaa Poso Tongku coast Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEA-eb lalaeo Tomini bay Tolo bay: Tongku>NE. Tiworo valley>SW. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NEA-f Pamona-NE. part of "maritime" pamona Tomini bay Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEA-fa ampana Tomini bay Tolo bay: Ampana Bangka valley Salato valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NEA-fb togian Togian islands Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*

1999 / 2000 edition
31-NEB RAMPI+ NAPU net
31-NEB-a Rampi* rampi+ leboni Palu+ Balese headwaters Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEB-aa leboni Leboni prestige language Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEB-ab rampi-A. Rampi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEB-ac lambu* Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEB-ad rato* Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEB-ae ha'uwa* Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEB-b Tobada Poso lake>W. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEB-ba to-bada' ti'ara, to-bada Napu lower valley: Gintu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEB-bb ako Ako Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEB-bc hanggira Indonesia (Sulawesi) 0
31-NEB-c Napu+ Behoa Napu upper & middle valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEB-ca besoa behoa Napu middle valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEB-cb napu pekurehua Napu upper valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEB-d Sedoa* Lore Utara Poso Pesisir sub-districts Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NEB-da sedoa tawaelia, baria Sedoa Tambarona Pinedapa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NEC LINDU net
31-NEC-a Lindu* Lindu lake Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEC-aa lindu linduan, tado 2 Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NED UMA+ SARUDU net
31-NED-a Uma+ Tobaku Lariang+ Koro valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NED-aa uma pipikoro, uma-aria, in [52] Nederlands: oema Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-ab banahu aria Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-ac kantewu bengga-ulu Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-ad peana Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-ae to-le'e to-lee' Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-af winantu+ gimpu Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-ag to-baku tabaku, dompa, ompa Tabaku Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-ah bana Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-b Sarudu Lariang lower valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NED-ba sarudu-A. doda' Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-bb nunu' Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NED-bc kulu lariang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEE TOPOIYO net
31-NEE-a Topoiyo Budung-Budung middle valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEE-aa to-poiyo Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEF KAILI net
31-NEF-a Kaili-SW. da'a+ inde, bunggu Pasangkayu sub-district Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEF-aa bara ende Lariang Karossa valley Desa Baras Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEF-ab inde Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEF-ac unde banawa, banava Makassar straits: Dapurang Suramana Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NEF-ad da'a daa, pekawa, pekava, pakawa Pekara valley Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEF-b Kaili-NE. "wider" ledo, "wider" palu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NEF-ba moma kulawi +transition to [31] Uma Palu upper valley: Kulawi Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEF-bb ledo Palu valley Palu bay Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NEF-bba palu in [52] Nederlands: paloesch, "vehicular" palu Toraja-W. country:
Palu lower & middle valley ; also migration> Sulawesi-N. enclaves
(Sulawesi) 5
31-NEF-bbb lole Palu-W. bay (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bbc ganti Makassar straits: Donggala Suramana (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bbd unauna Tomini bay: Unauna island (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bc ija Lindu lake>N. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NEF-bca pakuli (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bcb ija-A. idja (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bcc sigi (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bd tara parigi Tomini-W. bay Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEF-bda sausu Sausu (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bdb dolago Torue Ribamba (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bdc parigi Parigi ; also migration> Tomini-S. bay: Mapane+ Poso>E. (2
enclaves) Towori bay: Watambayoli
(Sulawesi)

31-NEF-be rai-W. Makassar straits (coast) Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NEF-bea tawaili tawaeli Palu-E. bay: Tawaeli (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-beb sindue Tompe (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bf doi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bg ado Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bh edo Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bi tado Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bj raio kori Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NEF-bk taa Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NF BALAESAN chain part of sulawesi-CW.
31-NFA BALAESAN net
31-NFA-a Balaesan Manimbayu peninsula Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NFA-aa balaesan balaesang, balaisang, pajo Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NG LAUJE+ BUOL chain part of sulawesi-CW.
31-NGA LAUJE+
DAMPELASA net
31-NGA-a Petapa Tomini bay: Marantale coast Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NGA-aa petapa taje Tenampedagi Sipeso environs (2 enclaves) Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2
31-NGA-b Lauje+ Tomini Tomini bay dialects (of Tomini) to be distinguished Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NGA-ba lauje laudje Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NGA-baa ampibabo Tomini-W. bay: Ampibabo Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NGA-bab tinombo Tomini-NW. bay: Sidoan Tinombo Palasa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NGA-bb tomini tiadje, tialo Tomini-N. bay: Tomini Santigi Moutong Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NGA-c Tajio Tomini-W. bay Kasimbar coast Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NGA-ca tajio kasimbar, tadjio, ta'adjio, adjio #possible link with alternative names
of Petapa (Taje) and Tomini (Tiadje) above
31-NGA-d Dampal* Dampal mountain Indonesia (Sulawesi) 1
31-NGA-da dampal Indonesia (Sulawesi) 1
31-NGA-e Dampelasa+ Tolitoli Makassar straits (coast) Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NGA-ea dampelasa dian, dampelas Tambu bay Bangkir Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NGA-eb pendau ndau, ndaoe, umalasa Walandano+ Sibayu Simatang island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NGA-ec tolitoli tontoli, totoli, gage Tolitoli Pinjan Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NGA-ed dondo Dondo bay Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NGA-ee bolano boano, djidja Tomini bay: Santigi>E. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NGB BUOL net
31-NGB-a Buol Sulawesi-N. island: Baolan sub-district Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NGB-aa buol bual, bwo'ol, dia Buol river-basin Palaleh coast Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NH SALUAN+
BALANTAK chain
Sulawesi-CE.
31-NHA SALUAN net
31-NHA-a Seluang+ Loinang Sulawesi-CE. peninsula: Tobalombang Samako Kayutanyo
Seluang
31-NHA-aa seluang "coastal" saluan Seluang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NHA-ab loinang loindang, "mountain" saluan Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NHA-ac madi Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NHA-b Kahumamahon Sulawesi-CE. peninsula Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NHA-ba kahumamahon "interior" saluan Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NHB ANDIO net
31-NHB-a Andio masama, 'bobongko' Sulawesi-CE. peninsula: Bonebobakal bay
(Taugi+ Tangeban)
31-NHB-aa andio'o Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2*
31-NHB-ab imbao'o* Indonesia (Sulawesi) 2*
31-NHC BALANTAK net
31-NHC-a Balantak Sulawesi-CE. peninsula: Maliku Balantak Bonebobakal Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NHC-aa balantak-A. Balantak Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NHC-ab kosian* Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NI BANGGAI chain
31-NIA BANGGAI net
31-NIA-a Banggai bangai, aki Banggai archipelago Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-NIA-aa banggai-E. Banggai island Peleng-E. island Labobo island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NIA-ab banggai-W. Peleng-W. island Bangkulu island Melilis islands Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*

1999 / 2000 edition
31-NJ GORONTALO+
MONGONDOW chain
+transitional to [31] Tagalog+ Ilocano set
31-NJA GORONTALO+
KAIDIPANG net
31-NJA-a Gorontalo hulontalo Sulawesi-N. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 6
31-NJA-aa kwandang Gorontalo coastal plain: Biau Kwandang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJA-ab marisa gorontalo-W. Marisa coast Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJA-ac tilamuta Tilamuta coast Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJA-ad limboto limbotto Limbotto lake Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJA-ae gorontalo-E. gorontalo "proper" Gorontalo Taludaa Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJA-b Kaidipang+
Atinggola*
Sulawesi-N. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NJA-ba atinggola Atinggola Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NJA-bb kaidipang-W. kaidipang "proper" Kaidipan; Bolang Itang>W. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NJA-bc bolaang-itang kaidipang-E. Bolang; Itang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NJA-bd bintauna Bintauna Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NJA-be bolango-uki bolango, bulanga, bulanga-uki, diu, dio Molibagu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4*
31-NJA-c Suwawa+ Bunda Sulawesi-N. island: Suwawa Pinogu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-NJA-ca suwawa Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NJA-cb bunda Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3*
31-NJB MONGONDOW+
LOLAK net
31-NJB-a Lolak Sulawesi-NE. island: Lolak Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NJB-aa lolak Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NJB-b Mongondow Sulawesi-NE. island: Maelang+ Poigar coast-N. Taludaa+
Kotabunan
coast-S.
31-NJB-ba bola'ang-
mongondow
bolaang-mongondow, mongondou Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJB-bb lolayan Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJB-bc dumoga Onggak Dumoga valley Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJB-bd pasi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-NJB-c Ponosakan Sulawesi-NE. island: Belang Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-NJB-ca ponosakan ponasakan Indonesia (Sulawesi) 3
31-O SANGIR+ TONDANO
set
31-OA TONDANO+
TONTEMBOAN
chain
MINAHASAN
31-OAA TONTEMBOAN+
TOMPASO net
31-OAA-a Tontemboan Sulawesi-NE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 5
31-OAA-aa ton-paso tompaso, makelai, makela'i-maotow Tompasobaru>N. Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAA-ab ton-temboan tompakewa, tountemboan, ton-pakewa, pakewa Amurang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAA-ac sonder matanai, matana'i-maore' Sonder Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAA-ad langoan Langoan Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAB TONSAWANG net
31-OAB-a Tonsawang Tombatu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-OAB-aa ton-sawang tombatu Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-OAC TONDANO+
TONSEA net
31-OAC-a Tondano ton-danou, ton-dang, tolou, tolour Sulawesi-NE. island: Tondano
lake coast Tompasobaru>S.
31-OAC-aa remboken Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-ab ka'kas kakas Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-b Tombulu Sulawesi-NE. island: Manado>SW. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-OAC-ba ton-bulu tombulu, tombula, toumbulu, tombalu Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-bb minahasa minhasa, minahasan, minihasan, minahassa Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-bc taratara Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-bd tomohon Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-c Tonsea ton-sea' Sulawesi-NE. island: Manado>E. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-OAC-ca kalabat-atas Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-cb maumbi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-cc airmadidi Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-cd likupang Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OAC-ce kauditan Indonesia (Sulawesi)

31-OB SANGIR+ TALAUD
chain
SANGIRIC
31-OBA SANGIR+ TALAUD
net
31-OBA-a Ratahan Sulawesi-NE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-OBA-aa ratahan-A. Ratahan Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-ab bentenan* Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-ac pasan* Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-b Bantik Sulawesi-NE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-OBA-ba bantik Manado>W.+ N. Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-OBA-c Tahulandang Sulawesi-NE. island Tagulandang islands Indonesia (Sulawesi); also
Philippines
5
31-OBA-ca bangka-E.* bangka 2 Torawitan peninsula: Mantehage island Bangka
islands
Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-cb lembeh* Lembeh island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-cc tahulandang-A. tahylandang, tagulandang Biaro island Tagulandang islands Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-d Sangir sangihe, sangi, sangirese Sanghie archipelago Indonesia (Sulawesi; migration>
Maluku); Philippines (Region X)
5
31-OBA-da siau Siau island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-db karikitang Kanakitang island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-dc tamako Sanghie-SW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-dd manganitu Sanghie-CW. + S. Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-de tahuna Sanghie-W. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-df kandar Sanghie-NW. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-dg tabukang-N. tabukang, tabukan, tabukam Sanghie-NE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-dh tabukang-C. Sanghie-CE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-di tabukang-S Sanghie-SE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-dj sangil mindanao-sangir, sangir, sanggil Mindanao island: Sarangani+ Balut
islands
31-OBA-e Talaud talaut, talodda Talaud islands Indonesia (Sulawesi) 4
31-OBA-ea kaburuang Kaburuang island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-eb lirang salibabu, salebabu Salibabu-S.+ C. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-ec karakelong-S. Karakelong-S. island Salibabu-N. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-ed beo Karakelong island: Beo Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-ee awit Karakelong island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-ef dapalan riung Karakelong-NE. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-eg arangka'a Karakelong-N. island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-eh essang nenusa Karakelong-N. island Nenusa islands Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-OBA-ei maingas miangas Maingas island Indonesia (Sulawesi)
31-P PALAU set PALAUAN
31-PA PALAU chain
31-PAA PALAU net
31-PAA-a Palau Palau islands also migration> Guam island Belau; migration> Guam 4
31-PAA-aa palau Belau; Guam 4
31-Q YAP set YAPESE
31-QA YAP chain
31-QAA YAP net
31-QAA-a Yap Yap island North Mariana Islands 3
31-QAA-aa yap North Mariana Islands 3
31-R CHAMORRO set
31-RA CHAMORRO chain
31-RAA CHAMORRO net
31-RAA-a Chamorro tyamoro Guam Mariana-N.: Saipan+ Rota+ Tinian islands Guam; North Mariana Islands 4
31-RAA-aa saipan Saipan island North Mariana Islands 4
31-RAA-ab tinian Tinian island North Mariana Islands 2
31-RAA-ac rota rotanese-chamorro Rota island North Mariana Islands 3
31-RAA-ad guam-chamorro Guam island Guam 4

1999 / 2000 edition
32= MESONESIC
phylozone
covers the "Mesonesian" grouping, part of the
"Austronesian" intercontinental affinity; comprising 5 sets of
languages (= 136 outer languages) spoken by communities
in Oceanic Asia & Australasia, on islands of the Nusa
Tenggara and Maluku archipelagos:
32-A BIMA+ SUMBA* 32-B TETUN+ SIKKA*
32-C WAIMA'A+ HABU* 32-D YAMDENA+ TELUTI
32-E RANA+ FAGUDU
Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara;
Maluku), East Timor
6
32-A BIMA+ SUMBA* set
32-AA BIMA+ SUMBA chain
32-AAA BIMA net
32-AAA-a Bima "bimanese" Sumbawa-E. island Komodo+ Rinca islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-AAA-aa sanggar bima-W. Sumbawa-CN. island: Tambora mountain+ peninsula Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAA-ab bima-A. Bima Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-AAA-ac kolo Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAA-ad toloweri Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAA-ae komodo Komodo island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3*
32-AAB KODI+
MBUKAMBERO net
32-AAB-a Kodi+ Mbukambero kudi Sumba-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAB-aa kodi-bokol Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAB-ab kodi-bangedo Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAB-ac mbukambero Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAC WEYEWA+
LAMBOYA net
32-AAC-a Weyewa+ Laura Sumba-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAC-aa weyewa wewewa, wajewa, wewjewa, waidjewa, "sumbanese"-W. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAC-ab laura loura Waitabula Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAC-ac tana-righu Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAC-ad lauli loli Waikabubaki Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAC-b Lamboya Sumba-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAC-ba lamboya-A. lamboja Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3*
32-AAC-bb nggaura Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3*
32-AAC-c Wanukaka Sumba-W. island: Waikabubaki>S. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAC-ca wanukaka-A. wanokaka Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3*
32-AAC-cb rua Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3*
32-AAC-d Anakalangu Sumba-SW. island: Waikabubaki>SE. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAC-da anakalangu-A. anakalang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAC-db lolina Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3*
32-AAC-dc massokarera Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3*
32-AAC-e Mamboru Sumba-NW. island: Memboro Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAC-ea mamboru memboro Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAD SUMBA+ SAWU net
32-AAD-a Sumba kambera, "sumbanese"-E. Sumba-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-AAD-aa uma-ratu-nggai umbu-ratu-nggai Kadesa>SW. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-ab lewa Lewa Omatena Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-ac kanatang Kadesa Waingapu Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-ad kambera-V. kambera "vehicular", kambera "proper" Waingapu Lakohembi Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-ae melolo Melelo coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-af mangili+ waijelo kambera-E., waidjelu Melelo>E. Undu cape Baing Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-ag sumba-S. Madita coast: Kananggar Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-b Sawu hawu, savu, sabu, "sawunese", "savunese", "havunese" Savu
islands also migration> Sumba island: Melolo; Flores island: Ende;
Timor-W. island: Kupang
Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-AAD-ba raijua raidjua Raijua+ Dana islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-bb mesara mehara Savu-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-bc liae Savu-S. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-bd seba heba Savu-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAD-be timu dimu Savu-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*

32-AAD-c Ndao Ndao island also migration> Roti island; Sumba island; Timor
island
32-AAD-ca ndao ndaundau, ndaonese Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
32-AAE MANGGARAI+
NGADA* net
32-AAE-a Manggarai Flores-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-AAE-aa manggarai-W. Labuhanbajo Sesok Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-ab manggarai-CW. Ruteng Palit north coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-ac manggarai-C. ruteng Ruteng Reo coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-ad manggarai-CE. Wado Wera coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAE-ae manggarai-E. "far-east" manggarai Bada south coast Pota north coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-b Rembong* Flores-W. island: Wado>NE. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-ba rembong-A. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-bb wangka Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-bc namu Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-c Riung Flores-CN. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAE-ca riung Riung coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAE-d Wae-Rana* Flores-CW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-da wae-rana Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-e Rongga* Flores-CW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-ea rongga Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-f Kepo* Flores-CW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-fa kepo kepoq Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-g Rajong* Flores-CW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-AAE-ga rajong Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-h Ngada+ Bajava ngad'a, ngadha, nad'a, bajava, badjava Flores-CS. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAE-ha bajava Bajawa Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-hb soa Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-hc ngada-C. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-hd ngada-SW. Boba Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAE-he ngada-SE. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAF ENDE+ PALU'E net
32-AAF-a Ende+ Lio Flores-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-AAF-aa nage Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAF-ab keo Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAF-ac nga'o ende-W. Ende>W. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-AAF-ad ende endeh, ja'o, djau Ende Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-AAF-ae lio aku, tanah-kunu, lionese Dondo Paga Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-AAF-af palu'e palue, palo Palue, Palo island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
32-B TETUN+ SIKKA* set
32-BA SIKKA+ PUKAUNU
chain
flores+ lembata
32-BAA SIKKA net
32-BAA-a Sikka sara+ sikka, sika, sikkanese, sikanese Flores-CE. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-BAA-aa sara-krow sikka-C, Maumere Besar island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-BAA-ab sikka-natar "south-coast" sikka Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BAA-ac tana-ai Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BAB PUKAUNU+
KEDANG* net
LAMALOHOT
32-BAB-a Pukaunu+ Muhang lamalohot-W. Flores-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BAB-aa pukaunu Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BAB-ab muhang* Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BAB-b Lewotobi+ Lewolaga lamaholot-S. Flores-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-BAB-ba lewotobi Boru Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-bb lewolaga Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-bc ile-mandiri Larantuka Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-bd tanjung-bunga tanjung-bunda Labao Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-c Bari+ Lan solor-W. Solor-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BAB-ca bari Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-cb eon Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-cc lan Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-d Tak solor-C. Solor-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BAB-da tak "solorese" Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)

1999 / 2000 edition
32-BAB-e Belang+ Lerek solor-E. Solor-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BAB-ea belang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-eb kluang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-ec lamatukan Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-ed lerek Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-ee lodobelolon Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-f Adonara Adonara island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BAB-fa adonara Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-g Lomblen+ Alor lamalohot-E. Alor archipelago Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BAB-ga lomblen Lomblen island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-gb alor "alorese", "coastal alorese" Pantar+ Alor islands (coastal enclaves) Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BAB-h Kedang Lomblen-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BAB-ha kedang dang, kdang, "kedangese" Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BB HELONG chain
32-BBA HELONG net
32-BBA-a Helong Timor-SW. island (Kupang environs) Semau island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
32-BBA-aa helong helon, kupang influenced by [32] Atoni & [32] Roti Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
32-BC TETUN+ LUANG
chain
32-BCA OENALE+ LANDU
net
"WIDER"-ROTINESE
32-BCA-a Oenale+ Landu Rote, roti, rotti, "rotinese" Roti island migration> Timor-W.+ Semau
islands
Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara; Timor) 5
32-BCA-aa oenale+ delha Roti-SW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BCA-aaa oenale unale (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-aab delha dela (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-ab thie ti Roti-S. island Landu + Manuk islands (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BCA-ac dengka+ lelain Roti-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BCA-aca dengka (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-acb lelain (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-ad ba+ loleh Roti-CW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BCA-ada ba ba'a Baa (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-adb loleh lole (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-ae termanu+ keka Roti-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BCA-aea termanu termanoe (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-aeb pada (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-aec talae Sedah (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-aed keka (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-af bokai Roti-CS. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BCA-ag bilba+ lelenuk Roti-SE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BCA-aga bilba (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-agb diu (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-agc lelenuk (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-ah korbaffo kolbaffo Roti-CN. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BCA-ai landu+ oepao Roti-NE. island Usu island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4*
32-BCA-aia landu (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-aib ringgou renggou (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCA-aic oepao (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB ATONI net TIMORESE
32-BCB-a Atoni uab-atoni-pah-meto, dawan, rawan, vaikenu, vaikino, baikenu, bikenu,
biqueno, ambenu, timor, timol, "timorese", in [31] Malayu: orang-
gunung =people of the mountain, in [52] Nederlands: timoreesch,
timoreezen #atoni =person, people; uab-atoni-pah-meto =language
of the dry-land people Timor-W. island
32-BCB-aa amarasi atoni-SW. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-BCB-aaa amarasi-W. (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-aab amarasi-E. (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-ab amfoan+ amabi atoni-W. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-BCB-aba amfoan (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-abb fatuleu (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-abc amabi (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-ac amanuban+
amanatun
atoni-S. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-BCB-aca amanuban amanubang (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-acb amanatun (Nusa Tenggara)

32-BCB-ad mollo+ miomafo atoni-CW., including "timorese vehicular", cenusa-tenggararal
"timorese"
Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-BCB-ada mollo (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-adb miomafo (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-ae ambenu vaikenu, vaikino , atoni-N. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-BCB-af biboki+ insana atoni-NE. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-BCB-afa biboki (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-afb insana (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-ag kusa+ manlea atoni-E. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5*
32-BCB-aga kusa (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCB-agb manlea (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC TETUN+ GALOLI net timor-C.
32-BCC-a Tetun tetum, tettum, teto, tetung, belu, belo Timor-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 5
32-BCC-aa tetun-W. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-ab tasi-feto tetun-N. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-ac tasi-mane tetun-S. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-ad terik Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-ae soibada tetun-CE. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-af tetun-E. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-ag dili-tetun tetun-prasa, dili "urban vehicular" Dili influenced by [51]
Portugus & [31] Malayu
Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-b Kemak+ Nogo ema Timor-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BCC-ba nogo Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-bb kemak kemak "proper" Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-c Tukudede+ Keha Timor-N. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BCC-ca tukudede tokodede, tokod, tocod, tukude Liquisa Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BCC-cb keha keia Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3*
32-BCC-d Mambai+ Manua "wider" mambai Timor-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BCC-da damata Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-db lolei Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-dc manua Ermera Aileu Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-dd mambai-A. mambai "proper", mambae, manbae Ainaro Same Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-e Lakalei Timor-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
32-BCC-ea lakalei Same-NE. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
32-BCC-f Idate Timor-CE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
32-BCC-fa idate Laclubar Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
32-BCC-g Galoli+ Hahak "wider" galoli Timor-N. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
32-BCC-ga na-nahek Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-gb edi Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-gc dadua Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-gd galoli galoli "proper", galole Manatuto Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-ge baba Atauro island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-gf hahak Atauro island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
32-BCC-h Talur+ Galoleng "wider" talur Wetar-S. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCC-ha talur talur "proper" Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCC-hb il-waki iliwaki Ilwaki Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCC-hc il-putih Ilputih. Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCC-hd galoleng Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCC-he lir-talo Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCC-hf il-medu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD ILIUN+ TUGUR* net wetar
32-BCD-a Aputai opotai Wetar-C. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCD-aa lurang Lurang north coast. Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-BCD-ab welemur Wetar island (inland) Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-BCD-b Iliun+ Erai Wetar-W. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCD-ba il-iun Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD-bb il-maumau Ilmaumau Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD-bc erai eray Erai Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD-bd hahutau hahutan Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD-be limera Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD-bf jeh Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-BCD-bg juru Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-BCD-c Perai Wetar-N. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCD-ca perai Uhak Moning Indonesia (Maluku)

1999 / 2000 edition
32-BCD-d Tugun+ Arwala "wider" tugun Wetar-E. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCD-da tugun tugun "proper" Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD-db tutunohan Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD-dc mahuan Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCD-dd arwala Indonesia (Maluku)
32-BCE LUANG+ MASELA
net
leti+ moa
32-BCE-a Meher Kisar island Wetar island Roma island (Hila+ Likagraha);
migration> Ambon island
Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-aa meher kisar, loikera Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-b Roma* Roma island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-ba roma romang Jerusu 3
32-BCE-c Luang+ Leti letri-lgona, literi-lagona, lgona, "wider" luang Leti island Moa
island Lakor island Sermata+ Luang islands Babar islands;
migration> Teun island Seram island
32-BCE-ca leti letti Leti island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-cb moa Moa island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-cc lakor Lakor island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-cd luang Luang islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-ce sermata Sermata island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-BCE-cf wetan+ babar-C. wetang Wetan island Babar-C. island; migration> Teun island
Seram island
32-BCE-cfa wetan Wetan island (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-cfb tepa Babar-C. island: Tepa (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-cfc isu+ layeni Teun island: Isu+ Layeni exodus> Seram island community
displaced by volcanic activity
(Maluku)
32-BCE-d Imroing* Babar-SW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCE-da imroing imroin Imroing Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCE-e Masela+ Tela marsela+ babar-S. Masela island Babar-S. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-ea tela+ masboar Babar-SW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-eb emplawas Babar-S. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCE-ec wakpapapi Babar-SE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCE-ed masela-E. Masela-E. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCE-ee masela-C. Masela-C. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCE-ef masela-W. Masela-W. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCE-f Serili Masela-NE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCE-fa serili Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCF DAI+ DAWERA net
32-BCF-a Dai Dai island Babar-N. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCF-aa dai Dai island Babar-N. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-BCF-b Dawera+ Daweloor Dawera island Daweloor island Babar-E. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCF-ba dawera Dawera island Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-BCF-bb daweloor davelor Daweloor island Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-BCF-bc babar-E. Babar-E. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-BCG DAMAR net
32-BCG-a Damar-W. damar-N. Damar-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCG-aa damar-W. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCG-b Damar-E. damar-S. Damar-SE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCG-ba damar-E. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCH NILA+ TEUN net
32-BCH-a Teun Teun island exodus> Seram island community displaced by
volcanic activity
32-BCH-aa teun Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCH-b Nila+ Serua formerly Nila island Serua island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-BCH-ba nila Nila island exodus> Seram island community displaced by
volcanic activity
32-BCH-bb serua Serua island exodus> Seram island community displaced by
volcanic activity
32-BD NAUETI chain
32-BDA NAUETI net
32-BDA-a Naueti influenced by [20] Makasai East Timor 3
32-BDA-aa naumik East Timor 2
32-BDA-ab oso-moko East Timor 2

32-C WAIMA'A+ HABU*
set
32-CA WAIMA'A+ HABU
chain
+classification to be reviewed in light of intertwining between
languages in this phylozone and in 20=Arafura geozone; see [20]
Kairui+ Midiki
32-CAA WAIMA'A net
32-CAA-a Waima'a East Timor 3
32-CAA-aa waima'a waimaha, waimoa influenced lexically by [20] Makasai East Timor 3
32-CAB HABU net
32-CAB-a Habu East Timor 3
32-CAB-aa habu influenced lexically by [20] Makasai East Timor 3
32-D YAMDENA+ TELUTI
set
seram+ tanimbar
32-DA SELARU chain
32-DAA SELARU net
32-DAA-a Selaru salaru Tanimbar islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DAA-aa selaru Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DAA-aaa kandar Selaru island: Kandar Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DAA-aab latdalam Yamdena-S. island: Latdalam Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DAA-aac lingada Nus-Wotar island: Lingada Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DB SELUWASAN chain
32-DBA SELUWASAN net
32-DBA-a Seluwasan Yamdena-SW. island: Wermatang Batu-Putih Marantutul Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DBA-aa seluwasan-A. selvasa, selwasa Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DBA-ab makatian Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DC YAMDENA chain
32-DCA YAMDENA net
32-DCA-a Yamdena jamdena, jamden Yamdena-E. island Selaru-NE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DCA-aa yamdena-S. Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DCA-aaa adaut Selaru-NE. island: Adaut Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DCA-aab saumlaki Yamdena-SE. island: Saumlaki Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DCA-aac amdassa Yamdena-CE. island: Amdassa Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DCA-ab yamdena-N. Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DCA-aba batjas Yamdena-CE. island: Batjas Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DCA-abb watmuri Yamdena-NE. island: Watmuri Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DD LARAT+ KEI chain kei+ fordata
32-DDA LARAT+ SERA net
32-DDA-a Sera Sera island Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DDA-aa sera seira former vehicular language; now a ritual language Tanimbar
islands
32-DDA-b Larat+ Molu fordata+ larat Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DDA-ba larat Lalobar island Larat-E. island Fordata-S. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DDA-bb fordata-N. fordat-N., fordate-N. Fordata-N. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DDA-bc molu+ maru Molu+ Maru islands Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DDB KEI net
32-DDB-a Kei kai, evav Kai archipelago Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DDB-aa kei-besar kai-besar Kai Besar island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DDB-ab kei-kecil kai-kecil Kai Kecil island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DDB-ac kei-tanimbar tanimbar-kei, atnebar Kai Tanimbar island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DDB-ad ta'am tam Tam island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DDB-ae tayando tayandu Tayandu island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DDC KUR+ TEOR net
32-DDC-a Kur Kur+ Kaimeer islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DDC-aa kur-S. Kur island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DDC-ab kaimeer kur-N. Kaimeer island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DDC-b Teor tio'or Teor+ Ut islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DDC-ba gaur-kristen Teor, Tioor island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DDC-bb ut Ut island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DE TARANGAN+
DOBEL chain
ARU
32-DEA TARANGAN+
MANOBAI net
aru-W.
32-DEA-a Karey Aru-S. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEA-aa karey kerei, krei Tarangan-E. island: Karey Indonesia (Maluku) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
32-DEA-b Tarangan-E. Aru-S. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEA-ba tarangan-E. trangan-E. Tarangan-E. island Maikor island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEA-c Tarangan-W. trangan-W. Aru-S. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEA-ca 'coast'-tarangan Tarangan island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEA-cb 'river'-tarangan Tarangan island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEA-cc 'plains'-tarangan Tarangan island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEA-cd tarangan-NW. Tarangan-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEA-d Lorang Aru-C. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEA-da lorang Koba, Kobor, Kobror island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEA-e Manobai Aru-N. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEA-ea manobai wokam, wamar Wokam island (Wokam+ Kobamar) Wamar island
Koba, Kobor, Kobror island (Benjina) Maikor island (Gardakau)
32-DEB DOBEL+ BATULEY
net
aru-E.
32-DEB-a Barakai Aru-SE. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEB-aa barakai-A. workai Barakai island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEB-ab mesiang masiang Barakai-N. island: Masiang Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEB-b Dobel kobro'or, kobroor, doibel Aru-E. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEB-ba dobel-C. inland-dobel Koba-C. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEB-bb dobel-SE. Koba-SE. island Baun+ Fukarel islands Barakai-E. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEB-bc dobel-NE. Koba-NE. island Wokam-SE. island
32-DEB-c Koba Aru-E. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEB-ca koba Koba, Kobor, Kobror island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEB-d Lola+ Warabal Aru-E. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEB-da lola Lola island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEB-db warabal Warabal island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEB-dc jambuair Jambuair island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEB-e Mariri Aru-E. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEB-ea mariri mairiri Mariri island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEB-f Batuley Aru-NE. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEB-fa batuley watulai, gwataley Batuley islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEB-faa batuley-S. "islamic" batuley Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEB-fab batuley-N. "christian" batuley Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEC UJIR+ KOLA net "peripheral" aru
32-DEC-a Ujir Aru-NW. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEC-aa ujir udjir Ujir island Wokam-W. island (Samang) Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DEC-b Kola+ Wadakan Aru-N.+ W. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DEC-ba warilau Warilau island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEC-bb kola Kola island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEC-bc kulaha Kola-W. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEC-bd kompane komfana, kongampani Kongan island: Kompane Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEC-be marlasi Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DEC-bf wadakan Wadakan island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DF BANDA+
WATUBELA chain
32-DFA BANDA net
32-DFA-a Banda Banda islands also migration> Kei islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DFA-aa banda-A. Banda islands Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-DFA-ab banda-eli Kei-Besar-W. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DFA-ac banda-elat Kei-Besar-NE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DFB WATUBELA net
32-DFB-a Watubela Watubela islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DFB-aa kasiui kesui, kasui Kasiui island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFB-ab watubela-A. snabi-watubela Watubela island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFB-ac tamher-timur Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFB-ad sulmelang Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFB-ae wesi* esiriun Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFB-af matabello* Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFC GESER+ BATI net
32-DFC-a Geser+ Goram Gorong archipelago Seram-E. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DFC-aa goram-laut gorom, goram, goran, gorong Gorong island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFC-ab mina-mina-gorong Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFC-ac kelimuri Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFC-ad geser gesa Geser island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFC-ae seran-laut seram, seran Seram-E. island coast: Tum Amanau Kufar Indonesia (Maluku)

32-DFC-b Bati Seram-E. island coast & interior: Kian Darat Keleser Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DFC-ba bati-A. Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DFC-bb gah*
32-DG TELUTI+
MASIWANG chain
32-DGA MASIWANG net
32-DGA-a Masiwang seram Seram-E. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGA-aa masiwang bonfia Masiwang river-basin Waru bay Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGB BOBOT net
32-DGB-a Bobot Seram-E. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGB-aa bobot werinama, hatumeten, atiahu, ahtiago, ntau Bobot river-basin
Bemu+ Tobo coast
32-DGC SALAS net
32-DGC-a Salas Seram-NE. island: Waru bay Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGC-aa salas liambata, lenkaitahe, salas-gunung Salas-Gunung Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGD BENGGOI net
32-DGD-a Benggoi kobi+ benggoi, uhei-kaclakin, uhei-kachlakan, uhei-kahlakim, 'isal'
Seram-NE. island (coastal enclaves)
32-DGD-aa lesa Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGD-ab benggoi-A. bengoi Bengoi Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGD-ac balakeo Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGD-ad kobi-N. Kobi Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGD-ae hoti* boti* Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGE LIANA+ KOBI net
32-DGE-a Liana+ Kobi liana-'seti', liambata+ kobi Seram-CE. island: Teluti-E. bay coast Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGE-aa liana liambata, lianan Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGE-ab wahakaim* uhei-kaclakin, uhei-kachlakan, uhei-kahlakim Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGE-ac kobi-S. Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGE-ad teula* Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGE-ae seti 'seti' Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGF TELUTI+ SEPA net
32-DGF-a Teluti taluti, silen Seram-CS. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DGF-aa laha+ serani Teluti-E. bay Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGF-ab tehoru+ haya tihoru, tehua, wolu, teluti-W. Teluti-W. bay: Tehoru+ Haya Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGF-b Sepa Seram-CS. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGF-ba tamilouw Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGF-bb sepa-A. Seram coast Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGG MANUSELA+
HUAULU net
32-DGG-a Manusela+ Maneo wahai, wahinama Seram-C. island: Teluti bay Manusela
massifnorth coast
32-DGG-aa manusela-S. Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGG-ab kanikeh Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGG-ac hatuolu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGG-ad maneo Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGG-ae maneoratu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGG-b Huaulu Seram-CN. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DGG-ba huaulu alakamat, asli Sawai bay: southeast coast Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DGH NUAULU net patakai, fatakai
32-DGH-a Nuaulu-N. Seram-CN. island coast: Opin>E. Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DGH-aa nuaulu-N. Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DGH-b Nuaulu-S. Seram-CS. island coast+ interior: Sepa>N. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGH-ba nuaulu-S. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGI SALEMAN+ WAHAI*
net
part of "three-rivers"
32-DGI-a Saleman+ Wahai Seram-CN. island coast (enclaves) Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGI-aa wahai Wahai Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGI-ab pasanea Pasenea Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGI-ac sawai Sawai Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGI-ad besi Besi Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGI-ae saleman seleman Saleman Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGJ ATAMANU net part of "three-rivers"
32-DGJ-a Atamanu Seram-CS. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DGJ-aa yalahatan jahalatan, jahalatane Yalahatan Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DGJ-ab haruru Haruru Indonesia (Maluku) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
32-DGK WEMALE net part of "three-rivers"
32-DGK-a Wemale-S. Seram-SW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGK-aa tala* Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGK-ab honitetu Honitetu Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGK-ac uwenpantai Uwenpantai Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGK-b Wemale-N. Seram-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGK-ba kasieh Kasieh Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGK-bb horale Horale Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGL LISABATA+ LOUN
net
seram-NW.; part of "three-rivers"
32-DGL-a Loun Seram-NW. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGL-aa loun Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGL-b Hulung Seram-NW. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGL-ba hulung Hulung Sauweli Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGL-c Horuru* Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-DGL-ca horuru Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-DGL-d Lisabata+ Nuniali Seram-NW. island coast (enclaves) Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGL-da lisabata-timur Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGL-db nuniali noniali Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGL-dc sukaraja Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGL-dd kawa kawe* Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGL-e Nakaela Seram-NW. island mountains community displaced to Kairatu
coast
32-DGL-ea naka'ela Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-DGM ALUNE net part of "three-rivers", sapalewa, patasiwa-alfoeren
32-DGM-a Alune Seram-W. island: Kairatu Taniwel Seram Barat districts Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DGM-aa alune-N. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGM-aaa nikulkan (Maluku)
32-DGM-aab murnaten (Maluku)
32-DGM-aac wakolo (Maluku)
32-DGM-ab alune-CW. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGM-aba niniari (Maluku)
32-DGM-abb alune-piru piru 2 (Maluku)
32-DGM-abc riring (Maluku)
32-DGM-abd lumoli (Maluku)
32-DGM-ac alune-CE. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGM-aca buriah (Maluku)
32-DGM-acb weth (Maluku)
32-DGM-acc laturake (Maluku)
32-DGM-ad alune-S. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGM-ada rambatu prestige dialect (Maluku)
32-DGM-adb manussa (Maluku)
32-DGM-adc rumberu (Maluku)
32-DGM-ae alune-SW. kairatu Kairatu nearly extinct Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGN LAHA net
32-DGN-a Laha ambon-C. Ambon-CS. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DGN-aa laha Laha Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DGO TULEHU+ LARIKE
net
32-DGO-a Amahai+ Rutah Seram-SW. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-aa amahai amahei Amahei Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-ab makariki Makariki Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-ac rutah Rutah Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-ad soahuku Soahuku Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-b Paulohi+ Solahua Seram-SW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-ba paulohi+ solahua Elpaputih-W. bay: Paulohi+ Solahua Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-c Elpaputih Seram-SW. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-ca elpaputih elpaputi Elpaputih bay Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-d Latu Seram-SW. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-da latu kairatu Kairatu Elpaputih bay Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-e Iha-Saparua Seram island: Sapurua-N. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-ea kulur-saparua kulur Kulur Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-eb iha-saparua-A. iha Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-ec siri-sori Indonesia (Maluku)

32-DGO-f Iha-Seram Seram-W. island: Hoamoal peninsula Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-fa kulur-seram kulur 2 Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-fb iha-seram-A. iha 2 Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-fc hualoy Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-fd tomalehu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-g Nusalaut Seram island: Nusa Laut island Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-ga nusa-laut Titawai Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-h Haruku Seram island: Haruku island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DGO-ha hulaliu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-hb pelauw Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-hc kailolo Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-hd rohomoni Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-i Kamarian Seram-SW. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-ia kamarian kamariang, seruawan Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-j Kaibobo+ Hatusua Seram-W. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-DGO-ja kaibobo kaibubu Piru-E. bay: Kaibobo Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-DGO-jb hatusua Piru bay Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-DGO-k Piru Seram-W. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-ka piru Piru-N. bay: Piru Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-l Luhu+ Kelang Seram-W. island coast Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-la luhu Hoamoal peninsula Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGO-lb kelang Kelang island migration> Manipa island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGO-m Batu-Merah Seram island: Ambon-S. island Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-ma batu-merah Ambon town>NE. Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-n Tulehu+ Tial ambon-NE. Seram island: Ambon-NE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DGO-na tulehu Tulehu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-nb liang Liang Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-nc tengah-tengah Tengah-Tengah Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-nd tial Tial Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-o Hitu+ Wakal Seram island: Ambon-N. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DGO-oa wakal Wakal Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-ob morela Morela Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-oc mamala Mamala Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-od hitu Hitu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-p Seit+ Kaitetu hila+ kaitetu Seram island: Ambon-N. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-pa hila Hila Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-pb seit seith Seit Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-pc kaitetu Kaitetu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-DGO-q Asilulu+ Lima Seram island: Ambon-W. island Hoamoal-S. peninsula Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-qa asilulu asilu "proper" Asilu Hoamoal-S. peninsula Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-qb asilulu-V. asilu "vehicular" Seram-N.+ W. island vehicular extension in
Maluku archipelago
Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGO-qc ureng Ureng Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGO-qd negeri-lima lima, henalima Negeri-Lima Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGO-r Larike+ Wakasihu Seram island: Ambon-SW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-DGO-ra allang Allang Allang-Asaude Indonesia (Maluku) 1
32-DGO-rb uraur+ urusana Uraur Urusana Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGO-rc wakasihu Wakasihu Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGO-rd larike Larike Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-re lai* Lai Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-DGO-s Manipa Seram island: Manipa island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGO-sa manipa soow-huhelia Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGP BOANO net
32-DGP-a Boano buano Seram island: Boano island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGP-aa boano-N. Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-DGP-ab boana-S. Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-E RANA+ FAGUDU set buru+ sela
32-EA AMBELAU chain
32-EAA AMBELAU net
32-EAA-a Ambelau amblau Ambelau island Buru-SE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-EAA-aa ambelau-A. Ambelau island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
32-EAA-ab wae-tawa Buru-SE. island: Wae-Tawa Indonesia (Maluku) 3*

1999 / 2000 edition
32-EB RANA+ KAYELI
chain

32-EBA KAYELI+ MOKSELA
net

32-EBA-a Kayeli+ Leliali kajeli, cajeli, caeli, gaeli Buru-NE. island: Namlea-S. bay
+transition to [31] Seram
32-EBA-aa kayeli Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EBA-ab leliali liliali Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EBA-ac lumaete lumaiti, mumaite, lumara Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EBA-b Moksela* Buru-E. island Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EBA-ba moksela maksela, opselan Namlea bay Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EBB RANA+ LISELA net "WIDER"-BURU
32-EBB-a Rana+ Masarete Buruese, buru "proper", buru-C.+ S., in [52] Nederlands: boeroe
Buru-S.+SE. island also migration> Ambon island
32-EBB-aa masarete buru-S. Indonesia (Maluku)
32-EBB-ab wae-sama Indonesia (Maluku)
32-EBB-ac rana buru-C., wae-geren+ wae-kabo Indonesia (Maluku)
32-EBB-ad li-emteban fogi, tomahu Indonesia (Maluku)
32-EBB-b Lisela buru-N. Buru-N.+E. island also migration> Ambon island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
32-EBB-ba li-sela li-cela, li-cella Indonesia (Maluku)
32-EBB-bb tagalisa Indonesia (Maluku)
32-EBB-bc li-enyorot* liet-enjorot Indonesia (Maluku)
32-EBB-bd wayapo* Indonesia (Maluku)
32-EBC HUKUMINA* net
32-EBC-a Hukumina Buru-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EBC-aa hukumina bambaa Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EBD PALUMATA* net
32-EBD-a Palumata Buru-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EBD-aa palumata palamata, balamata Indonesia (Maluku) 0
32-EC FAGUDU+
MANGOLE chain
32-ECA FAGUDU+ FALAHU
net
SULA
32-ECA-a Fagudu+ Falahu Sula islands: Sulabesi, Sanana island also migration> Mangole
island Buru island (coasts)
32-ECA-aa facei face Sulabesi-S. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-ECA-ab falahu Sulabesi-C. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-ECA-ac fagudu sanana Sulabesi-N. island: Sanana town Indonesia (Maluku)
32-ECB MANGOLE+
SULABESI net
32-ECB-a Mangole+ Sulabesi sula-mangoli Sula islands: Sulabesi-N. island Mangole-S. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-ECB-aa sulabesi Sulabesi-N. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-ECB-ab mangole mangoli Mangole-S. island Indonesia (Maluku)
32-ED TALIABU+ KADAI
chain
32-EDA TALIABU+ KADAI
net
32-EDA-a Kadai Taliabu-E. island mountains Mangole-W. island mountains Indonesia (Maluku) 2
32-EDA-aa kadai-E.* Mangole-W. island mountains Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-EDA-ab kadai-W. Taliabu-E. island mountains Indonesia (Maluku) 2*
32-EDA-b Taliabu Sula islands: Taliabu island Mangole-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-EDA-ba taliabu taliabo Indonesia (Maluku) 3
32-EDA-baa padang samada (Maluku)
32-EDA-bab mananga (Maluku)
32-EDA-bac mangei mange'e, mang, mang, soboyo, sobojo (Maluku) 3

33= HALMAYAPENIC
phylozone
covers the "Halmahera+ Yapen", Makian+ Biak set, part of
the "Austronesian" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set
of languages (= 42 outer languages) spoken by communities
in Oceanic Asia / Australasia, from Halmahera island in
Maluku to Yapen island in Irian Jaya:
33-A MAKIAN+ BIAK
Indonesia (Maluku; Irian Jaya) 5
33-A MAKIAN+ BIAK set halmahera+ yapen
33-AA MAKIAN+ SAWAI
chain
halmahera-S.
33-AAA MAKIAN+ GIMAN
net
33-AAA-a Makian+ Kayoa Halmahera islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4
33-AAA-aa kayoa kajoa Kayoa Laluin Taneti Siko Makian-S. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAA-ab makian-E. in [31] Malayu: makian-timur (=east makian), makian-dalam (=inner
makian) Makian island Halmahera-W. island; also migration>
Bacan island Obi island distinct from [25] Makian-W.
33-AAA-b Giman Halmahera-S. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAA-ba gane gani, giman-S. Gani Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-AAA-bb giman-NW. Sakata west coast. Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-AAA-bc giman-S. Sakata east coast Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-AAB SAWAI+ PATANI net
33-AAB-a Sawai+ Weda Halmahera-C. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
33-AAB-aa weda were Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAB-ab sawai Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAB-ac kobe Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-AAB-b Patani Halmahera-CE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAB-ba patani Patani peninsula Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAB-c Maba+ Bicoli Halmahera-CE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAB-ca maba* Maba Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-AAB-cb bitjoli bicoli Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-AAB-cc ingli* Inggelang island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-AAB-d Buli+ Wayamli Halmahera-CE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAB-da buli Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AAB-db wayamli waiamli, wajamli, jawanli Indonesia (Maluku) 3
33-AB GEBE+ MAYA chain raja-ampat
33-ABA GEBE net
33-ABA-a Gebe gebi Gebe islands also migration> Gag island Indonesia (Maluku); migration>
(Irian Jaya)
3
33-ABA-aa umera Gebe island: Umera Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-ABA-ab yu Yu island Indonesia (Maluku) 3*
33-ABB MA'YA+ KAWE* net
33-ABB-a Laganyan legenyem Waigeo island: Beo Lempintol Wawiai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
33-ABB-aa laganyan-NW. Waigeo-NW. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-ab laganyan-SE. Waigeo-SE. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-b Kawe+ Gam Waigeo-W. island adjacent islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ABB-ba selpele selepele Waigeo-W. island: Selepele Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-bb kawe Sayang Kawe islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-bc gam Gam Mansuar islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-c Ma'ya+ Batanta* Waigeo island Batanta-E. island Salawati-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ABB-ca waigeo waigiu Waigeo-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-cb amber amberi Waigeo island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-cc saonek Saonek Waigeo-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-cd ma'ya Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-ce kawit Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-cf banlol Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-cg batanta Batanta island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-ch samate salawati Salawati island: Samate Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-ci palamul sailolof Salawati island: Sailolof Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABB-cj maden sapran Salawati island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ABC MATBAT net
33-ABC-a Matbat Misool island Segaf islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ABC-aa matbat Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
33-ABD AS net
33-ABD-a As Vogelkop-NW. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ABD-aa as Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-AC ONIN+ KOIWAIchain BOMBERAI
33-ACA ONIN+
EROKWANAS net
33-ACA-a Onin Bomberai peninsula: Onin-NW. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACA-aa nikuda Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ACA-ab ogar Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ACA-ac patipi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ACA-ad sepa Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ACA-b Sekar Bomberai peninsula: Onin-N. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACA-ba sekar seka Kokas coast+ Sekar island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACA-c Arguni Bomberai peninsula: Arguni island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACA-ca arguni argoeni Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACA-d Bedoanas Bomberai peninsula: Onin-N. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACA-da bedoanas Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACA-e Erokwanas Bomberai peninsula: Onin-NE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACA-ea erokwanas Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACB URUANGNIRIN+
FAUR net
33-ACB-a Uruangnirin+ Faur Bomberai peninsula: Sebakor bay (islands) Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACB-aa uruangnirin Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ACB-ab faur tubiruasa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ACC KOIWAI+ ADI net
33-ACC-a Koiwai+ Adi Bomberai peninsula: Kamrau bay Adi island Kayumerah island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ACC-aa koiwai kowiai, kaiwai, kuiwai Kaimana coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACC-ab namatote+
kayumerah
Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACC-aba namatote namatota Namatote island (Irian Jaya)
33-ACC-abb aiduma* Aiduma island (Irian Jaya)
33-ACC-abc kayumerah kajumerah Kayumerah island (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ACC-ac kilmala+ karawatu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ACC-aca kilmala Kilmala island (Irian Jaya)
33-ACC-acb karawatu Karawatu island (Irian Jaya)
33-ACC-ad adi Adi island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-AD BIAK+ WAROPEN
chain
"geelvink-bay austronesian", teluk-cendrawasih,
33-ADA IRARUTU+ NABI*
net
kuwai external classification to be reviewed
33-ADA-a Irarutu irahutu, irutu, arguni-bay Bomberai peninsula: Arguni bay Bintuni
bay
33-ADA-aa funiara Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-ab aroba Bintuni bay: Aroba Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-ac yaru Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-ad tugrama Bintuni bay: Tugrama Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-ae tomage Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-af werafuta Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-ag warmnu Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-ah kaitero* Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-ai kasira* Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADA-b Nabi+ Modan Bomberai peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADA-ba modan Bintuni bay: Modan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ADA-bb nabi kuri Nabi, Kuri valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADB BIAK+ ROON* net BIAKIC
33-ADB-a Biak+ Numfor Yapen-N. + S.W. island Biak island Numfor island Mapia
islands Waigeo island
33-ADB-aa numfor+ mapia biak-W.+ numfor, "wider" numfor Numfor island Mapia islands
Waigeo island
33-ADB-aaa asia Asia island (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-aab aju Aju island (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-aac waigeo-W. Waigeo-W. island (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-aad mapia Mapia island (Irian Jaya) 0
33-ADB-aae manokwari vogelkop Manokwari coast (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-aaf numfor-A. numfor "proper", mafoor, mefoor, mafoorsch, myfoorsch, noefoor,
nufoor, numfoor Numfor, Numfoor island
(Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-aag mios-num-W. Miosnum-W. island (Irian Jaya)

33-ADB-aah rumberpon Rumberpon island (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-aai monoarfu* (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-ab biak biak "proper", biak-E. Biak+ Pandaidori islands Yapen island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
33-ADB-aba korido Biak-W. island: Korido (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abb wardo Biak-C. island: Wardo (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abc korim Biak-NE. island: Korim (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abd bosnik Biak-E. island: Bosnik (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abe sampori samberi, mokmer Biak-SE. island: Mokmer (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abf mius-num-E. Mios-num-E. island (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abg ariom (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abh bo'o (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abi dwar (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abj fairi (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abk jenures (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abl kamer (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abm mandusir Biak island: Arak-Manduser (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abn mofu (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abo opif (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abp padoa (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abq penasifu Biak island: Penasifu (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abr samberi Biak island: Samberi (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abs sor Biak island: Sor (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abt sorendidori Biak island: Sawendidori (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abu sorido Biak island: Sorido (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abv sundei (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abw wari (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-abx wadibu Biak island: Wadibu (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-aby warsa Biak island: Warso (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-b Moes-War Cenderawasih-W. bay Mois-Waar island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ADB-ba moes-war Cenderawasih-W. bay mois-waar, meoswar, war Mois-Waar
island
Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADB-c Roon Cenderawasih-W. bay Roon, Ron island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ADB-ca roon ron Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC POM+ BUSAMI net
33-ADC-a Wandamen+
Windesi
Wandamen bay Bintuni bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-aa bintuni bentuni, bentoeni Bintuni bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-ab wandamen wandammen Wandamen bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-ac windesi windessi Windesi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-ad wasior Wasior peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-ae wamesa Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-af ambumi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-b Dusner* Wandamen-W. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 0
33-ADC-ba dusner dasener*, dusnir, dusnia Dusner Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 0
33-ADC-c Ansus Yapen-E. island Num, Miosnum-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-ca ansus Yapen-SW. coast (Ansus>E.) Num-E. island (Yemprum) Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-d Woi Yapen-E. island Num, Miosnum-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-da woi wo'oi, woi Yapen-W. island (Woi) Num-E. island (Yemprum
northeastwards)
33-ADC-e Pom+ Jobi Yapen-E. island Num, Miosnum-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-ea pom Yapen-NW. island:Pom Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
33-ADC-eb jobi Num-E. island* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
33-ADC-f Aibondeni Yapen-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-fa aibondeni Yapen-SW. coast: Aibondeni Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-g Papuma Yapen-SW. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-ga papuma Yapen-SW. coast Manoepampi island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-h Marau+ Munggui Yapen-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-ha marau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-hb warabori warembori Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-hc natabui Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-hd munggui Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-he morui Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
33-ADC-i Busami Yapen-CW. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-ia kaonda Kaonda Yapen-CN. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-ib busami-C. sasawa 2 Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-ic kamanap Yapen-CS. coast: Kamanap Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADC-j Arui Yapen-CS. island Serui island Nau island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-ja arui-A.* Yapen-CS. island 2 enclaves Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-jb serui serui-laut (in [31] Malayu =Serui sea) Serui island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-jc nau Nau island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-k Ambai+ Menawi Yapen-SW. island Ambai islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADC-ka ambai Ambai islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-kb manawi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-kc wadapi wadapi-laut (in [31] Malayu =Wadapi sea) Yapen-SW. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-kd randawaya randowaya, rondawaya Yapen-SW.: Randawaya coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADC-ke sumberbaba Yapen-SW.: Sumberbaba coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADD WABO+ KURUDU
net
yapen-E.
33-ADD-a Wabo+ Nusari Yapen-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADD-aa wabo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ADD-ab woriasi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ADD-ac nusari Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ADD-b Kurudu+ Kaipuri Kaipuri, Kurudu island+ neighbouring coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADD-ba kurudu Kaipuri, Kurudu-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADD-bb kaipuri kaipori Kaipuri, Kurudu-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADE WAROPEN+ KAI net
33-ADE-a Waropen+ Kai Cenderawasih bay (coast+ islands) Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
33-ADE-aa waropen aropen, worpen Wandamen-S. bay: Aropen coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADE-ab napan Napan, Napan-wainami coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADE-ac kai Waren coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADE-ad wonti Wonti coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADE-ae mo'or moor, mor Moor, Mor islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADE-af maransabadi* Maransabadi, Auri island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADE-ag yapen-SW. Yapen-SW. island: Woi eastwards Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
33-ADF TANDIA net
33-ADF-a Tandia Vogelkop neck of peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADF-aa tandia Wohsimi valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADG YERETUAR+ UMAR
net
33-ADG-a Yeretuar+ Umar Cenderawasih-SW. bay (coast) Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADG-aa yeretuar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
33-ADG-ab goni Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1*
33-ADG-ac umar umari Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1*
33-ADH YAUR net
33-ADH-a Yaur Cenderawasih-SW. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADH-aa yaur jaur Wasada mountain northeastwards. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADI IRESIM net
33-ADI-a Iresim Cenderawasih-S. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
33-ADI-aa iresim Hamuku coast Yamur lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2

34= NEOGUINEIC
phylozone
covers the "Northeast New Guinea" reference area, part of
the "Oceanic" affinity within the "Austronesian"
intercontinental affinity; comprising 7 sets of languages (=
173 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia,
on the northeast mainland of New Guinea:
34-A SOBEI+ YOTAFA 34-B TAKIA+ BUKAUA
34-C ADZERA+ SILISILI 34-D BUANG+ PIU
34-E KOSIRAVA+ UIAKU 34-F DOBU+ UBIR
34-G MOTU+ MEKEO
Indonesia; Papua New Guinea 5
34-A SOBEI+ YOTAFA set sarmi+ yotafa
34-AA SOBEI+ YOTAFA
chain
34-AAA SOBEI+ TARPIA* net
34-AAA-a Sobei Sarmi Ahus north coast+ adjacent islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
34-AAA-aa sarmi Sarmi north coast. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-ab liki Liki island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-ac niroemoar moar Niroemoar island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-ad wakde Wakde island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-ae masimasi-W. imasi, masi-masi 2 Masimasi island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-af yamna Yamna island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-ag podena Podena island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-ah yarsun Yarsun island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-ai anus Anus island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-aj biga Ahus north coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
34-AAA-b Bonggo Wiru river-mouth (north coast): Taronta, Tarawasi, Armopa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
34-AAA-ba bonggo-A. bongo, bgu, bogu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
34-AAA-bb armopa* Armopa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
34-AAA-c Tarpia Sermo river-mouth (north coast) Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
34-AAA-ca sufrai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
34-AAA-cb tarpia-A. tarfia Tarfia Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
34-AAA-cc kaptiau Kaptiau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
34-AAB YOTAFA+ ORMU net
34-AAB-a Ormu Jayapura north coast>W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
34-AAB-aa ormu-besar Ormu Besar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
34-AAB-ab ormu-kecil Ormu Kecil Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
34-AAB-b Yotafa jotafa, yautefa, humboldt-jotafa, jayapura Humboldt, Jotafa bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
34-AAB-ba tobati Tobati Kota-raja north coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
34-AAB-bb kayubatu Kayubatu island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
34-AAB-bc kayupulau kajupulau Kayupulau island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
34-B TAKIA+ BUKAUA
set
SIASSI
34-BA SERA+ ALI chain SEPIK-WEST
34-BAA SERA+ SISSANO net
34-BAA-a Sera Serai coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
34-BAA-aa sera ssia, serra, ser Puindu Rainuk Serai, Sarai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
34-BAA-b Sissano Sissano lagoon coastal communities destroyed or devastated by
seismic sea-wave in 1998; survivors evacuated
Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
34-BAA-ba sissano-A. sisano, sinano, sinama, aissano Sissano Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
34-BAA-bb arop-W. arop-sissano Arop Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3*
34-BAA-bc malol malon, malolo Malol Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3*
34-BAA-bd teles Teles Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3*
34-BAB TUMLEO net
34-BAB-a Tumleo Tumleo island Aitape coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
34-BAB-aa tumleo-A. Tumleo, Tamara island Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
34-BAB-ab raiyu+ yakoi Raiyu Yakoi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
34-BAC ALI+ ULAU net
34-BAC-a Ali+ Yakamul yakamul Ali islands Yakamul coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
34-BAC-aa ali+ seleo Ali-E. Sele Angel islands Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
34-BAC-ab ali-W. Ali-W. island Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
34-BAC-ac yakamul Yakamul Paup coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)

1999 / 2000 edition
34-BAC-b Ulau+ Suain sauvein Ulau Swain coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
34-BAC-ba ulau Ulau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
34-BAC-bb suain Suain Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
34-BB KAIRIRU+ MANAM
chain
SEPIK-EAST
34-BBA KAIRIRU+ KAIEP net
34-BBA-a Kairiru+ Karawop Karawop cape Samein cape+ islands Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
34-BBA-aa kairiru Kairiru island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBA-ab yuo Yuo island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBA-ac karesau Karesau island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBA-ad mushu Mushu-NW. island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBA-ae karawop Karawop cape Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBA-b Kaiep+ Terebu Taul Terebu coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
34-BBA-ba kaiep sumup, samap 2 Taul Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
34-BBA-bb terebu terepu, turupu, turubu Terebu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
34-BBB WOGEO+ KOIL net
34-BBB-a Wogeo+ Koil Lesser Schouten-W. islands Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
34-BBB-aa wokeo+ koil vogeo, uageo Vokeo island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBB-ab koil Koil island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBC BIEM+ VIAI net
34-BBC-a Biem+ Viai "wider" bam Lesser Schouten-E. islands Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
34-BBC-aa viai Viai, Wei island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBC-ab blupblup Blupblup island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBC-ac kadovar Kadovar island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
34-BBC-ad biem bam Bam island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
34-BBD MANAM+ SEPA net
34-BBD-a Manam+ Wanapi Manam islands Wanami coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
34-BBD-aa manam manum Manam+ Boesa islands Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
34-BBD-ab wanami Wanami Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BBD-b Sepa Sepa coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BBD-ba sepa Bogia Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BBE MEDEBUR net
34-BBE-a Medebur Sikor>N. (coast) Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BBE-aa medebur Medebur Toto Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BBF KIS net
34-BBF-a Kis Murik lakes southwestwards. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
34-BBF-aa kis Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
34-BC TAKIA+ BILBIL chain BELAN, madang-N.
34-BCA TAKIA+ BILBIL net Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-a Takia+ Megiar Karkar+ Bagabag islands Karim southeastwards (coast) Papua New Guinea (Madang) 4
34-BCA-aa takia-karkar Dampier, Karkar-S. island Papua New Guinea (Madang) 4
34-BCA-ab takia-bagabag Bagabag, Bagbag island Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-b Megiar Megiar Serang coast (2 enclaves) Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BCA-ba megiar-A. Megiar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BCA-bb serang sarang Serang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BCA-c Matukar Madang>N. (coast) Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BCA-ca matukar matuka Matukar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BCA-d Siar+ Gedaged* bel, star+ ragetta Alexishafen-S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
34-BCA-da gedaged-A. graged, ragetta, kranket, raketta, graget Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-db siar tiara, sias, "star" Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-dc mitebog mitebor Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-dd rio riwo, sivo, zivo, ruo Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-de sek szeak+ bagili, segu Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-df panitibun panutibun Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-e Bilbil Madang>S. (coast) Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BCA-ea bilbil-A. bili-bili Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BCA-eb yabob jabob Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BD HAM chain madang-S.
34-BDA HAM net Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BDA-a Ham Gogol lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
34-BDA-aa ham-A. Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BDA-ab dami Papua New Guinea (Madang)

34-BE MINDIRI+ BILIAU
chain
ASTROLOBAN
34-BEA MINDIRI net
34-BEA-a Mindiri Astrolabe bay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
34-BEA-aa mindiri Yaganon river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
34-BEB BILIAU+ WAB net
34-BEB-a Biliau bing Mot river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BEB-aa biliau-A. belia Beliau Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-ab sengam Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-ac yamai Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-ad swit suit Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-ae galek galeg Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-af telyat Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-ag teterai peterai, teterei Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-b Wab Huon peninsula Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BEB-ba wab-A. Wab Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-bb saui Saui Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BEB-bc som* Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BF LUKEP+ MANGAP
chain
part of "vitiazan"
34-BFA LUKEP+
MALASANGA net
34-BFA-a Lukep+ Arop Vitiaz straits: Rooke, Umboi-NW.+ Tolokiwa+ Long+ Crown islands
Seure-NW. coast
Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
34-BFA-aa lukep lokep, "siasi", "siassi" Umboi-NW. Tolokiwa-E. islands Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-aaa manta Umboi-NW. island: Manta Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-aab tolokiwa-E. Tolokiwa-E. island Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-ab arop+ malala Tolokiwa-W. Long Crown islands Seure-NW. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-aba tolokiwa-W. Tolokiwa-W. island Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-abb malala Long island: Malala Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-abc arop-E. arop-lokep Seure-NW. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-ac moromiranga* Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-ad pono* Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BFA-b Malasanga Singorkai Malasanga coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BFA-ba singorokai Singorkai Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BFA-bb malasanga-A. Malasanga Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BFA-c Barim Rooke, Umboi-SW. island Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BFA-ca barim Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BFB MANGAP+ MBULA
net
34-BFB-a Mangap+ Mbula Umboi-E. island Sakar island Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BFB-aa mbula mbula-C. Umboi-SE. island Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BFB-ab kaimanga mbula-N. Umboi-NE. island Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BFB-ac gauru mangap, mangaaba, mangaawa, mangaava Sakar island Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BG MALALAMAI chain part of "vitiazan"
34-BGA MALALAMAI net
34-BGA-a Malalamai Malalamai coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
34-BGA-aa malalamai-A. malamai, melmalmai Malalamai Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BGA-ab bonga Bonga Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BH ROINJI+ NENAYA
chain
part of "vitiazan"
34-BHA ROINJI+ GALI net
34-BHA-a Roinji+ Gali Gali Roinji coast Papua New Guinea (Madang;
Morobe)
2
34-BHA-aa gali Gali Papua New Guinea (Madang)
34-BHA-ab roinji roindji Roinji Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BHB NENAYA net
34-BHB-a Nenaya Uruwa lower valley>SE. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BHB-aa nenaya nengaya, nineia Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BI SIO chain part of "vitiazan"
34-BIA SIO net
34-BIA-a Sio Huon-N. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BIA-aa sio sigabac Sio island+ coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
34-BJ TAMI+ KOVE chain
34-BJA GITUA net
34-BJA-a Gitua Huon-N. peninsula: Dallman river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BJA-aa gitua-A. gitoa Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJA-ab kelana Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJB TAMI+ TUAM net tami+ mutu
34-BJB-a Tami Tami islands Huon-S. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BJB-aa tami-A. Tami islands Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJB-ab busiga Busiga>E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJB-ac bua Bua>E. (Gerhards cape) Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJB-b Tuam+ Mutu Siassi islands Umboi-S. island Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BJB-ba mutu-umboi Umboi-S. island Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJB-bb mutu-malau Mutu-Malau island Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJB-bc malai Malai island Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJB-bd tuam tuom Tuam island Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJB-be mandok Mandok island Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BJC KOVE+ BARIAI net
34-BJC-a Kove New Britain-NW. island Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
34-BJC-aa kove-A. Kulu river-mouth (Reibeck bay) Via river-mouth (Kikiviai) Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
34-BJC-ab tamuniai Tamuniai island Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
34-BJC-b Lusi+ Kaliai New Britain-NW. island: Iboki Raoult cape Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
34-BJC-ba lusi Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
34-BJC-bb kaliai Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
34-BJC-bc kombe Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
34-BJC-c Bariai New Britain-NW. island: Rottock bay Borgen bay Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
34-BJC-ca bariai-A. Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
34-BJC-cb kabana* Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
34-BJC-cc sahe* Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
34-BK MALEU+ KILENGE
chain
CAPE-GLOUCESTER
34-BKA MALEU+ KILENGE
net
34-BKA-a Kilenge Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BKA-aa kilenge kilengi, kaitarolea Kilengi Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BKA-b Maleu+ Idne Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BKA-ba maleu Sag-Sag>S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BKA-bb idne itne Idne river-mouth>NW.. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BL BUKAUA+ LABU
chain
part of "huon gulf"
34-BLA BUKAUA+ YABEM
net
34-BLA-a Yabem jabem, jabim, yabim, yabm Finschhafen Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BLA-aa yabem jabem, jabim, yabim, yabm Finschhafen Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BLA-b Bukaua Huon-S. peninsula +possible transition to [34] Yalu Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
34-BLA-ba bukaua bukawac, bukawa, kawa, kawac Mongi river-mouth Markham river-
mouth
Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
34-BLB LABU net
34-BLB-a Labu lau-labu, labu', labo, hapa Huon Gulf bay: Markham river-mouth>S.
Huon Gulf bay
34-BLB-aa labu-butu Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BLB-ab labu-miti Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BLB-ac labu-tali Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-BM KELA chain part of "huon gulf"
34-BMA KELA net
34-BMA-a Kela Huon Gulf bay Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BMA-aa kela lau-kanu, gela, kelana Salamaua Lokamu Lababia Kui
Lasanga island
34-BN IWAL chain part of "huon gulf"
34-BNA IWAL net
34-BNA-a Iwal Huon Gulf bay Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BNA-aa iwal kaiwa Salamaua Salus Waipali Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BO SIBOMA chain part of "huon gulf"
34-BOA SIBOMA net
34-BOA-a Siboma Huon Gulf bay Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BOA-aa siboma sipoma, numbami Kui>SE. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2

34-BP HOTE+ YAMAP
chain
34-BPA HOTE+ YAMAP net
34-BPA-a Hote+ Misim Francisco middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BPA-aa hote ho'tei, hotec Buissi>S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-BPA-ab misim Misim Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BPA-b Yamap Francisco upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-BPA-ba yamap Bobadu Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-C ADZERA+ SILISILI
set
markham+ bulolo
34-CA ADZERA+ WAMPUR
chain
34-CAA MARI net
34-CAA-a Mari Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CAA-aa mari-A. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CAA-ab hop* Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CAB YARUS+ TSUMIN
net
"WIDER"-ADZERA
34-CAB-a Yarus+ Amari adzera-N. Markham upper river-basin: Marasassa>E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
34-CAB-aa amari Marasassa Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CAB-ab ngarowapum Umi lower valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CAB-ac yarus yaros Kaiapit>N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CAB-b Tsumin+ Guruf adzera "proper", azera, atzera, acira Markham-C. river-basin Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
34-CAB-ba tsumim tsumin Markham upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CAB-bb adzrac Kaiapit Leron+ Markham valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CAB-bc ongac angac Markham upper right bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CAB-bd guruf Mapun valley: Guruf+ Surusil Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CAC UNANK net
34-CAC-a Unank Waffa middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CAC-aa unank onank, watut-N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CAD WAMPUR net
34-CAD-a Wampur Wanton valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CAD-aa wampur Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CB SUKURUM+
SARASIRA chain
34-CBA SUKURUM net
34-CBA-a Sukurum Leron middle right bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-CBA-aa sukurum Sukurum Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-CBB NGARIAWAN* net
34-CBB-a Ngariawan Leron middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CBB-aa ngariawan ngariwan, ngariawang Wongat Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CBC SARASIRA net
34-CBC-a Sarasira Leron middle left bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CBC-aa sarasira sirasira Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CC WAMPAR+ NAFI
chain
34-CCA WAMPAR+ DAGIN
net
34-CCA-a Wampar+ Dagin Markham lower river-basin Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-CCA-aa wampar lae-womba, lae-wamba, lai-womba Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-CCA-ab dagin Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CCB NAFI+ MUSOM net part of busu
34-CCB-a Nafi Busu middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CCB-aa nafi sirak Boana Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CCB-b Musom Busu middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CCB-ba musom misatik Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CCB-c Yalu* Markham+ Busu lower valleys: Lae. Butibam, Butibum
+possible transition to [34] Bukaua
34-CCB-ca aribwaungg yalu "proper", jaloc Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CCB-cb aribwatsa lae, lahe Lae Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
34-CD GUWOT+ DUWET
chain
part of busu
34-CDA GUWOT+ DUWET
net
34-CDA-a Guwot+ Duwet Busu middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CDA-aa guwot guwet Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CDA-ab duwet Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CDA-ac waing* Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CE SILISILI+ DANGAL
chain
watut
34-CEA SILISILI+ DANGAL
net
34-CEA-a Silisili watut-N. Watut lower valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-CEA-aa silisili-A. tsiletsile Tsiletsile Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CEA-ab maraliinan* maralinan Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CEA-ac bubwaf baboaf Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CEA-ad dunguntung Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-CEA-b Maralango Watut middle valley: Langima+ Banir confluences Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CEA-ba maralango maralangko, watut-W. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CEA-c Dangal Watut middle valley: Langima confluence upstream Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-CEA-ca dangal watut-S., danggal Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-D BUANG+ PIU set
34-DA BUANG+ PIU chain
34-DAA PIU net
34-DAA-a Piu Watut upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-DAA-aa piu-A. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-DAA-ab sanbiau* Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAA-ac lanzog* Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAA-ad kuruko* Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB BUANG+ MUMENG
net
34-DAB-a Mumeng+ Yanta Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-aa yanta-A. yanta "proper", part of "wider" yanta Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-ab towangara towangala, part of "wider" yanta Towangala Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-ac gorakor part of "wider" yanta Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-ad ptep patep Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-ae zenang zenag Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-af mumeng-A. mumeng "proper" Mumeng Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-ag latep Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-DAB-ah dengalu Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
34-DAB-b Dambi+ Kumaru Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-ba dambi Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-bb kumaru kumara, kumalu Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-c Kapin+ Garawa Watut middle valley: Sambio-SW. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-ca kapin Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-cb sambio* Sambio Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-cc taiak* tayek* Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-cd katumene* Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-ce garawa gawawa Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-d Mangga+ Mapos Buang, mangga+ mapos Snake upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-da mangga manga, mangga-buang, manga-buang, kaidemui Bulwat>NE. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-db lagis Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-dc kwasang Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-dd mapos mapos-buang, buang-C. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-de wagau Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-df buweyeu Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-dg wins Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-dh chimbuluk Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-di papakene Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
34-DAB-e Mambump mapos-N. Snake headwaters Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-ea mambump Vagau Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-f Vehes Buissi coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
34-DAB-fa vehes buasi, buissi, vehees Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2

34-E KOSIRAVA+ UIAKU
set
MAISAN, maisin
34-EA KOSIRAVA+ UIAKU
chain
34-EAA KOSIRAVA+ UIAKU
net
+convergence and resulting transition towards so-called 'Papuan'
languages in 23=Owalamic geozone
3
34-EAA-a Kosirava maisan-W. Dyke Ackland bay migration (18th century) >
Collingwood bay
Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
34-EAA-aa kosirava Kosirava swamps Papua New Guinea (Oro)
34-EAA-b Uiaku uyaku Collingwood bay Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
34-EAA-ba uiaku-N. maisan-NE. Uwe Papua New Guinea (Oro)
34-EAA-bb uiaku-S. maisan-SE. Ganjiga Marva Papua New Guinea (Oro)
34-F DOBU+ UBIR set vitaz+ louisiade
34-FA MINIAFIA+
ARIFAMA chain
34-FAA MINIAFIA+
ARIFAMA net
34-FAA-a Miniafia+ Arifama arifama+ miniafia Nelson cape Collingwood bay Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
34-FAA-aa berubona Nelson cape: Berubona Papua New Guinea (Oro)
34-FAA-ab gebara Collingwood bay: Gebara Papua New Guinea (Oro)
34-FAA-ac leaga Collingwood bay: Leaga Papua New Guinea (Oro)
34-FB UBIR chain
34-FBA UBIR net
34-FBA-a Ubir ubiri, kubiri Collingwood bay Papua New Guinea (Oro; Milne
Bay)
3
34-FBA-aa wanigela+ rainu wanigela 2 Wanigela Rainu Papua New Guinea (Oro)
34-FBA-ab kwagila Kwagila river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Oro; Milne
Bay)
34-FC ARE+ DUAU chain
34-FCA DOGA+ MAGABARA
net
34-FCA-a Doga+ Magabara Cape Vogel-N. peninsula: Guru+ Karuasi coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCA-aa magabara Magavara coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCA-ab doga Divediveni Karuasi Boririte coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCB GABO-BORA net
34-FCB-a Gabo-Bora Cape Vogel cape-N. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCB-aa gabo-bora anuki Tapiosan coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCC ARE+ MUKAWA net
34-FCC-a Are+ Mukawa Cape Vogel cape: Tarakwaruru Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCC-aa mukawa Mukawa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCC-ab are Bogaboga Irikaba Wabubu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCD PAIWA+ BOINAKI
net
34-FCD-a Paiwa manape Cape Vogel-S. peninsula: Goodenough bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCD-aa gapa-paiwa-E. Dabora Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCD-ab gapa-paiwa-W. Giwa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCD-b Boianaki+ Galavi Goodenough-SW. bay coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCD-ba boianaki boinaki, boanaki, boanai Boi-Anai Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCD-bb galavi* Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCD-c Vidia Goodenough-SW. bay coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3*
34-FCD-ca vidia Vidia Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCE WATALUMA net
34-FCE-a Wataluma Goodenough-N. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCE-aa wataluma Wataluma Budula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCF VIVIGANA+
BWAIDOKA net
34-FCF-a Vivigana+ Waibula "Wider"-Iduna Goodenough-C. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCF-aa waibula Waibula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-ab ufaufa Ufaufa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-ac idakamenai Idakamenai Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-ad vivigana vivigani, iduna "proper" Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-ada vivigana-A. Vivigana (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-adb wakonai Wakonai (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-adc kalemutabutabu Kalemutabutabu (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-add ewele (Milne Bay)

1999 / 2000 edition
34-FCF-ae ufufu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-af kalauna Kalauna Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-ag belebele Belebele Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-ah goiala Goiala Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-b Bwaidoka Goodenough-S. island migration> Fergusson-W. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCF-ba bwaidoka-A. bwaidoga Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-bb mataita mataitai Goodenough-SE. coast: Mataita Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-bc kilia Goodenough-SE. coast: Kilia Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-bd lauwela Goodenough-SE. coast: Lauwela Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCF-be wagifa wagipa Wagipa island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCG DIODIO+ UTALO net
34-FCG-a Diodio+ Utalo Goodenough-W. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCG-aa awale Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCG-ab diodio+ molata diodio-C. Diodio Molata Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCG-aba diodio-A. Diodio (Milne Bay)
34-FCG-abb molata Molata (Milne Bay)
34-FCG-ac utalo Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCG-ad iauiaula yauyaula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCH KALOKALO net
34-FCH-a Kalakalo Fergusson-NW. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCH-aa kalakalo Moresby straits Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCI YAMALELE+
MAIODOM net
34-FCI-a Yamalele iamalele Fergusson island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCI-aa yamalele-A. Fergusson-SW. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCI-aaa yamalele-C. Yamalele-C. Seymour bay (Milne Bay)
34-FCI-aab yamalele-S. Yamalele-S. Seymour bay (Milne Bay)
34-FCI-aac didigavu Didigavu (Milne Bay)
34-FCI-aad gwabegwabe Gwabegwabe (Milne Bay)
34-FCI-ab masi-masi Fergusson-N. coast: Masi-Masi Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCI-b Maiodom Fergusson-NE. coast: Wadalei Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3*
34-FCI-ba maiodom Maiodom Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCJ MINAVEHA+
KUKUYA net
34-FCJ-a Minaveha+ Kukuya Fergusson-SW. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCJ-aa minaveha minavega Mapamoiwa peninsula: Minavega Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCJ-ab kukuya Mapamoiwa peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCK MORIMA+
FAGULULU net
34-FCK-a Fagululu Fergusson-CW. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCK-aa fagululu fagalulu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCK-b Tutubela Fergusson-CW. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FCK-ba tutubela morima-NW., tutubea Tutubea Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCK-c Ebadidi Fergusson-CW. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FCK-ca ebadidi morima-NE., salakahadi Salakhadi country Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCK-d Morima $bilingual in [34] Dobu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCK-da morima molima "proper" Molima coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCL BOSILEWA net
34-FCL-a Bosilewa Fergusson-N. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCL-aa bosilewa Bosilewa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCM GUMASI net
34-FCM-a Gumasi Fergusson island: Amphlett islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCM-aa gumasi gumawana, domdom Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCN GALEYA+ GAMETA
net
34-FCN-a Gameta Fergusson-NE. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCN-aa wadalei Wadalei Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCN-ab gameta-A. Gameta Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCN-ac urua Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCN-ad basima Basima Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCN-b Galeya Fergusson-E. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCN-ba sebutuia Sebutuia Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCN-bb garea galeya, galea Galea Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)

34-FCO DOBU+ LOBODA net
34-FCO-a Dobu D'Entrecasteaux archipelago: Fergusson island Sanaroa island
Dobu island Normanby island
Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 5
34-FCO-aa galubwa galuewa Fergusson-SE. island: Salamo Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCO-ab tewara Uama islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCO-ac sanaroa Sanaroa island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCO-ad ubuia ubuya Sisiana Ubaya island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCO-ae edugaura dobu-C., including dobu "vehicular" Dobu island; vehicular
extension> D'Entrecasteaux archipelago
34-FCO-af sisiana+ ubuia Normanby-NW. island: Sisiana Ubaya island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCO-b Loboda Normanby-NE. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3*
34-FCO-ba loboda-A. roboda Loboda Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCO-bb dawada+ siausi Dawada Siausi or perhaps to be classified with [34] Biawa+
Lomitawa
Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCP DUAU+ SIBONAI net SEWA-BAY $bilingual in [34] Dobu
34-FCP-a Duau-Pwata Normanby-C. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCP-aa duau-pwata-A. pwana-pwana, sewa-C. Sewa bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCP-ab miadeba Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCP-ac bwakera Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCP-b Sibonai Normanby-C. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCP-ba sibonai Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCP-c Maiabare Normanby-C. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCP-ca maiabare Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCP-d Darubia Normanby-C. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCP-da darubia Darubia Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCP-e Sewataitai Normanby-C. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCP-ea sewataitai Sewataitai Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCQ BUNAMA+
SAWATUPWA net
34-FCQ-a Sawatupwa Sewalaitai bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCQ-aa sawatupwa Sawatupw Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCQ-b Bunama+ Barabara Goschen straits Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCQ-ba bunama-A. Bunam Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCQ-bb barabara Barabara Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCR MWATEBU net
34-FCR-a Mwatebu Sewalaitai ba Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCR-aa mwatebu Mwatebu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FCS BIAWA+ KASIKASI
net
34-FCS-a Biawa+ Lomitawa duau Normanby-SE. island: Duau peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCS-aa lomitawa Lomitawa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-ab sigasiga Sigasiga Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-ac sipupu Sipupu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-ad meudana Meudana Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-ae weyoko weioko Weioko Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-af kerorogea kelologea Kelologea Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-ag mwalukwasia Mwalukwasia Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-ah somwadina Somwadina Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-ai biawa Baiwa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-aj guleguleu guragureu Guleguleu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-ak kumarahu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-al sawabwala Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-am urada Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCS-b Kasikasi duau-S. Normanby-SE. island: Duau-S. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FCS-ba kasikasi Kasikasi Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCT 'AUHELAWA net
34-FCT-a 'Auhelawa auhelawa Normanby-SW. island Naukata island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCT-aa kurada 'urada Normanby-SW. island: Kurada Bwasiaiai Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCT-ab naukata Naukata island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCU TUBE-TUBE+ WARI
net
34-FCU-a Tube-Tube+ Wari bwana-bwana Engineer islands Basilaki island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FCU-aa tube-tube Slade island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCU-ab wari ware Wari island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FCU-ac kitai Basilaki-SE. island: Pitt bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)

1999 / 2000 edition
34-FD KILIVILA+ BUDIBUD
chain
34-FDA KILIVILA+ MUYUW
net
34-FDA-a Kilivila+ Vakuta Trobriand islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 4
34-FDA-aa lusancay Lusancay islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-ab kilivila kiriwina Kiriwina, Trobriand island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 4
34-FDA-ac sinaketa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-ad vakuta Vakuta island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-b Muyuw+ Kitava Kitava island Marshall Bennett islands Woodlark island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FDA-ba kitava Kitava islan Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-bb iwa Iwa island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-bc lougwaw lougaw, gawa Gawa island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-bd yanaba Yanaba island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-be muyuw Woodlark island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-bea nawyem Woodlark-W.+ Madau islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-beb wamwan Woodlark-C. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDA-bec muyuw-A. muyuw "proper" Woodlark-E. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FDB BUDIBUD net
34-FDB-a Budibud Laughlan, Nada islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FDB-aa budibud nada Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FE MISIMA+
TEWATEWA chain
34-FEA MISIMA+
TEWATEWA net
34-FEA-a Tewatewa+ Bowagis Engineer-W. islands Woodlark-W. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FEA-aa bowagis Woodlark-W. island: Madau-S. island Nusam island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FEA-ab alcester Alcester island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FEA-ac ole Engineer-W. islands: Ole island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FEA-ad tewatewa Engineer-W. islands: Tewatewan island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FEA-b Misima+ Panayati Panaete island Misima island Calvados Chain islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 4
34-FEA-ba panayati panaete, paneati, panaeati, paneyate, panayeti, panaieti Panaete
island
34-FEA-bb misima Misima island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FEA-bc nasikwabw* Calvados Chain islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FEA-bd tokunu* Calvados Chain islands Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FF NIMOWA+
PANAWINA
34-FFA NIMOWA+
PANAWINA net
34-FFA-a Pana-Wina+ Sabari Louisiade archipelago: Pana-Wina island Sabari island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FFA-aa pana-wina Pana-Wina island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FFA-ab sabari Sabari island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FFA-b Pana-Tinanai Louisiade archipelago: Pana-Tenan island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FFA-ba pana-tinanai pana-tenan Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FFA-c Nimowa Louisiade archipelago: Nimoa island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FFA-ca nimowa nimowa "proper", nimoa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FFA-d Nimowa-W. Sud-Est, Tagula-W. island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FFA-da nimowa-W. "western-point" Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FG TAGULA chain SUD-EST
34-FGA TAGULA net
34-FGA-a Tagula+ Madaua 'sud-est' #sud-est in [51] Franais =south-east Sud-Est, Tagula
island
34-FGA-aa madaua maduwa Maduwa cape Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FGA-ab 'nine-hills' Nine Hills Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FGA-ac pamela Pamela Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FGA-ad rambuso Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FGA-ae rewa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FGA-af 'griffin-point' Griffin point Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FGA-ag tagula-E. "eastern-point" Siri cape Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FH TAWALA+ WEDAU
chain
34-FHA TAWALA+
TAUPOTA net
34-FHA-a Bohilai+ Sideya Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: Basilaki island Sideia island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FHA-aa bohilai bohira'i, basilaki Basilaki island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FHA-ab sideya sideia Sideia island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3

34-FHA-b Tawala+ Yaleba tawara, tavara, tavora, tavala Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: East
Cape-E. peninsula
34-FHA-ba kehelala keherara, "east-cape" East Cape cape Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-bb divinai diwinai, tawala "proper" Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-bc tawala tawala "vehicular" Milne Bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-bd labe rabe Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-be huhuna Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-bf lelehudi Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-bg yaleba wagawaga, gwawili, gwavili, ealeba Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-c Awaiama Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: East Cape-C. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3*
34-FHA-ca awayama awaiama, awalama Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-d Taupota+ Yanianini Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: East Cape-W. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FHA-da yanianini Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-db taupota Taupota Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-e Waiema Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FHA-ea waiema Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-f Laviam Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FHA-fa laviam Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-g Maivara Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FHA-ga maivara maiwala Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHA-h Naura Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: Naura Gumini valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FHA-ha naura Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHB GARUWAHI net
34-FHB-a Garuwahi Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: East Cape-W. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FHB-aa garuwahi Garuai Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FHC WEDAU+ TOPURA
net
34-FHC-a Wedau+ Topura Owen Stanley peninsula: Kuvira bay Dogura coast-N. vehicular
extension> Collingwood Bay bay
Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay;
Oro)
3
34-FHC-aa wedau-A. wedau "proper", wedaun, wedawan Wedau Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHC-ab wedau-V. wedau "vehicular" Owen Stanley peninsula coast-N. Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay;
Oro)
34-FHC-ac topura Topura Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FHC-ad yapoa Yapoa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FI SUAU+ BUHUTU
chain
34-FIA SUAU+ BUHUTU*
net
34-FIA-a Waga-Waga+
Noabune
Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: Milne Bay-S. bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FIA-aa kila-kilana Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-ab gamadougou Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-ac waga-waga Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-ad waga-gatu Dawa-Dawa valley: Bwada-bwada Waga-gatu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-ae noabune Kanakope Noabune Simagahi Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-af goilawalika* Goilawalika Leiplai Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-b Sariba+ Doini Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3*
34-FIA-ba sariba Sariba island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-bb samarai Samarai island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-bc doini Doini island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-c Logea Rogeia island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FIA-ca logea Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-d Daio-Muni Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: Suau-S. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FIA-da daio-muni daio, daiamuni, deamuni, diomoni Loani Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-e Bonarua+
Guaugurina
Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FIA-ea guaugurina Guaugurina coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-eb bonarua Bonarua island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-f Suau Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FIA-fa modewa Modewa bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-fb suau-A. Suau island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-fc suau-V. suau "vehicular" Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: Suau peninsula &
adjacent islands
34-FIA-fd baibesika Baibesika island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-g Daui fife-bay Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: Fife bay Sago Aho river-
mouth
Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FIA-ga daui Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)

1999 / 2000 edition
34-FIA-h Dahuni Owen Stanley-E. peninsula: Dahuni peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-ha dahuni Dahuni Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FIA-i Bona-Bona Bona-Bowa island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-ia bona-bona bona-bowa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-j Sinaki Orangerie-N. bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FIA-ja gaidasu gadaisu Gadaisu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-jb sinaki-A. Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-k Leileiafa* Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2*
34-FIA-ka leileiafa Orangerie-SE. bay Mullins Harbour bay Leileiafa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-l Buhutu yaleba $translingual in [34] Suau Owen Stanley-E. peninsula:
Sagarai valley Dawa-Dawa upper valley
34-FIA-la buhutu-A. bohutu, buhulu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FIA-lb siasada Siasada Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FJ IGORA+ DAWAWA
chain
34-FJA IGORA+ POVA net "wider" kakabai Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
34-FJA-a Pova Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FJA-aa pova Pova Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FJA-b Kakabai Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FJA-ba kakabai Kwabanuki Mainawa Gavi Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FJA-c Igora Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FJA-ca igora Kwaiowa country Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
34-FJB DAWAWA net dawana
34-FJB-a Manubada Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FJB-aa manubada "coastal" dawawa Manubada north coast 3
34-FJB-b Didia Owen Stanley-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-FJB-ba didia "inland" dawawa Didia Gadovisu Kiwarai Wanama Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
34-G MOTU+ MEKEO set
34-GA OUMA+ BINA chain
34-GAA BINA net
34-GAA-a Bina Owen Stanley-E. peninsula extinct Papua New Guinea (Central) 0
34-GAA-aa bina Baibara>N. Papua New Guinea (Central) 0
34-GAB YOBA net
34-GAB-a Yoba Tavanei+ Ulumanu confluence extinct Papua New Guinea (Central) 0
34-GAB-aa yoba Laua>E. Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 0
34-GAC MAGORI net
34-GAC-a Magori Table Bay-E. bay Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
34-GAC-aa magori Deba Magori Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
34-GAD OUMA net
34-GAD-a Ouma Table bay extinct Papua New Guinea (Central) 0
34-GAD-aa ouma Labu Papua New Guinea (Central) 0
34-GB MOTU+ BOKU chain
34-GBA HULA+ AROMA net
34-GBA-a Aroma+ Lalaura Rodney cape Keppel cape Papua New Guinea (Central) 4
34-GBA-aa lalaura Rodney cape>W. Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBA-ab kapari Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBA-ac wanigela Macfarlane Harbour estuary Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBA-ad maopa Macfarlane Harbour estuary Ormond estuary Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBA-ae aroma arona, aloma, galoma Keppel cape Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBA-b Keopara+ Babaga Kerepuna Kaparoka coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 4
34-GBA-ba keopara keapara, kerepuna Kerepuna coast Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBA-bb kalo Hood bay Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBA-bc babaga Hood bay Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBA-c Hula Hood peninsula Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GBA-ca hula vulaa Hula Kaparoka Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB BOKU+ ALEPA* net SINAUGORO, sinagoro
34-GBB-a Alepa+ Kwaibida sinaugoro-SW. Kemp-Welch middle valley Beagle Entrance-NW.
coast
Papua New Guinea (Central) 4
34-GBB-aa alepa Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-ab omene Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-ac kwaibo Kwaiba Gemo Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-ad babagarupu Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-ae alomarupu Alomarupu Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-af kemabolo Kemabolo Papua New Guinea (Central)

34-GBB-ag balawaia Tauruba Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-ah gabone Gabone Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-ai ikolu ginigolo Ginigolo Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-aj saroa Saroa Kwikila Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-ak kwaibida kwabida Imogolo Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-b Boku+ Kubuli sinaugoro-N. Kemp-Welch upper valley Owen Stanley foothills Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GBB-ba tubulamo Switatana Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-bb gomore Gomore Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-bc karekadobu Karekadobu Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-bd taboro Kemp-Welch upper left bank: Kapogere Kokorogoro Bulidobu Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-be boku Koworo Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-bf wiga Onemagolo Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-bg buaga Didiga Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-bh ikega Ganigiu Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-bi kubuli Bogaramake Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-c Vora+ Oruone sinaugoro-SE. Ormond+ Waipara valleys Lako middle valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GBB-ca vora Ormond Waipara valley Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-cb maipiko Maipika Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBB-cc oruone bukuku, bokuku Bokuku Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GBC MOTU+ HIRI-MOTU
net
34-GBC-a Motu Port Moresby coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 4
34-GBC-aa motu "true" motu, "pure" motu Manu-Manu Kapa-Kapa (coastal
enclaves)
Papua New Guinea (Central;
National Capital district)
4
34-GBC-aaa manu-manu+ pari Manu-Manu (Central)
34-GBC-aab lea-lea Lea-Lea (Central)
34-GBC-aac boera Boera (Central)
34-GBC-aad porebada Porebada (Central)
34-GBC-aae tatana Tatana. (National Capital district)
34-GBC-aaf moresby Port Moresby>S. (National Capital district)
34-GBC-aag tupuseleia Tupuseleia (Central)
34-GBC-aah barakau Barakau (Central)
34-GBC-aai gaile Gaile (Central)
34-GBC-aaj kapa-kapa Kapa-Kapa (Central)
34-GBC-aak motu-V. motu "pre-creole vehicular" Port Moresby coast (Central; National Capital district) 4
34-GBC-b Hiri-Motu motu "creole vehicular", hiri, "police" motu, creole-motu, pidgin-motu
+creole derived from [34] Hiri; with convergence towards so-called
"Papuan" languages in 23=Owalamic geozone Papua country
National Capital district; Oro; Gulf;
Milne Bay; Mainland; Western)
5
34-GBC-ba hiri-motu-A. "papuan" hiri-motu, hiri-motu "proper" +strongly influenced by
neighbouring languages of 23=Owalamic geozone
National Capital district; Oro; Gulf;
Milne Bay; Mainland)
5
34-GBC-bb hiri-motu-W. "austronesian" hiri-motu Gulf of Papua (coastal regions) Papua New Guinea (Gulf; Western) 4
34-GBD DOURA net
34-GBD-a Doura Galley Reach-E. estuary Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
34-GBD-aa doura Douramoko Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
34-GBE KABADI net
34-GBE-a Kabadi Galley Reach-E. estuary Aroa valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GBE-aa kabadi gabadi Kanosia Kopuana Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GBF NARA net
34-GBF-a Nara pokau Kubuna valley Suckling cape Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GBF-aa nara-A. lala, nala, 'ala'ala Ala'ala Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GBF-ab pokau* Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GC KUNI chain
34-GCA KUNI net
34-GCA-a Kuni Kubuna upper+ Dilava valleys Angabunga upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GCA-aa kuni Warupi Awepa Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GD YULE+ WAIMA chain RORO
34-GDA YULE+ WAIMA net
34-GDA-a Yule+ Bioto roro-E., roro "proper" Hall Sound bay Possession cape Papua New Guinea (Central) 4
34-GDA-aa yule+ delena Yule island Delena coast Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GDA-aaa yule Yule island Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GDA-aab delena Delena coast Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GDA-ab bioto* Bioto Irobo Papua New Guinea (Central)

1999 / 2000 edition
34-GDA-b Waima roro-W. Papua New Guinea (Central) 4
34-GDA-ba bereina Bereina Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GDA-bb kevori* Kevori Papua New Guinea (Central)
34-GE MEKEO+ KOVIO
chain
34-GEA MEKEO+ KOVIO net
34-GEA-a Mekeo Arapokina Inawafunga middle valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GEA-aa mekeo mekeo-E., mekeo "proper" Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GEA-b Mekeo-W. Inawafunga middle valley Kapuri upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central; Gulf
adjacent)
3
34-GEA-ba mekeo-W. "bush" mekeo Papua New Guinea (Central; Gulf
adjacent)
3
34-GEA-c Amoamo Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GEA-ca amoamo mekeo-N. Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
34-GEA-d Kovio Yule mountain Papua New Guinea (Central; Gulf
adjacent)
3
34-GEA-da kovio mekeo-NW. Papua New Guinea (Central; Gulf
adjacent)
3

35= MANUSIC
phylozone
covers the "Manus+ New-Britain" reference area, part of the
"Oceanic" affinity within the "Austronesian" intercontinental
affinity; comprising 9 sets of languages (= 82 outer
languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, on
Manus, New Ireland, New Britain and other adjacent islands
of Papua New Guinea:
35-A WUVULU+ SEIMAT 35-B SISI+ BALUAN
35-C TUNGAG+ KUANUA 35-D NAKANAI+ VITU
35-E LAMOGAI+ AMARA* 35-F SOLONG+ AVAU*
35-G KAPORE+ MANGSENG* 35-H MAENG+ UVOL*
35-I TUMOIP
Papua New Guinea 5
35-A WUVULU+ SEIMAT
set
35-AA WUVULU+ AUA
chain
35-AAA WUVULU+ AUA net
35-AAA-a Wuvulu+ Aua aua+ viwulu, viwulu+ aua Admiralty islands: Wuvulu+ Aua islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3
35-AAA-aa wuvulu viwulu, wuu Wuvulu, Maty islan Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-AAA-ab aua Aua, Durour islan Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-AB SEIMAT+ KANIET
chain
35-ABA SEIMAT net NINIGO
35-ABA-a Seimat ninigo Admiralty islands: Ninigo islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-ABA-aa sumasuma Sumasuma island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-ABA-ab mai Mai island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-ABA-ac ahu Ahu islan Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-ABA-ad liot Liot islan Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-ABB KANIET* net extinct since 1950
35-ABB-a Kaniet-'Thilenius' Admiralty islands: Kaniet, Anchorite, Sae+ Suf islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 0
35-ABB-aa kaniet-'thilenius' Thilenius's kaniet Papua New Guinea (Manus) 0
35-ABB-b Kaniet-'Smythe' Admiralty islands: Kaniet, Anchorite, Sae+ Suf islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 0
35-ABB-ba kaniet-'smythe' Smythe's kaniet Papua New Guinea (Manus) 0
35-B SISI+ BALUAN set MANUS
35-BA SISI+ LEIPON chain manus-NW.
35-BAA AGOMES net "hermit"
35-BAA-a Agomes Admiralty islands: Hermit islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 1
35-BAA-aa maron Maron island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BAA-ab luf Luf islan Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BAB SISI+ LONIU net
35-BAB-a Sisi+ Bipi Admiralty islands: Manus islan Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAB-aa sisi Sisi island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAB-ab bipi Bipi island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAB-b Loniu ndroku Admiralty islands: Manus-E. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAB-ba loniu-A. Los Negros-SW. island: Loniu Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAB-bb ndroku* Lolak Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAC SORI+ HARENGAN
net
35-BAC-a Sori+ Harengan Admiralty islands: Manus island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAC-aa harengan Harengan island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BAC-ab sori-NW. Sori island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAC-ac sori-SE. Manus-NW. island: Sori ville Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAD PONAM+ ANDRA
net
35-BAD-a Ponam Admiralty islands: Manus island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAD-aa ponam Ponam island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAD-b Andra+ Hus Admiralty islands: Manus island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAD-ba andra Andra islan Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAD-bb hus ahus, ha'us Hus island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAE LEIPON net
35-BAE-a Leipon Admiralty islands: Manus island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BAE-aa pitilu pityilu Pityilu island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BAE-ab ndrilo Ndrilo island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BAE-ac hauwei Hauwai islan Papua New Guinea (Manus)

1999 / 2000 edition
35-BB LIKUM+ NYINDROU*
chain
manus-W.
35-BBA LIKUM net
35-BBA-a Likum Admiralty islands: Manus-SW. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BBA-aa likum Likum Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BBB NYINDROU+ LEVEI
net
35-BBB-a Nyindrou lindrou, lindau Admiralty islands: Manus-W. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3
35-BBB-aa salien Salien Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BBB-ab nyada Nyada Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BBB-b Levei+ Bohuai levei+ tulu, bohuai+ tulu Admiralty islands: Manus-CW. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3
35-BBB-ba levei lebei, lebej Boudeuse bay (north coast) Malai bay (north coast) Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BBB-bb ndrehet drehet, khehek, chechek Drehet Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BBB-bc bucho Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BBB-bd tulu tjudun, tulun Tulu country: Yiri+ Lowakai Bundralis Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BBB-be bohuai pahavai, bowai, pohuai Bohuai Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3
35-BBB-bf keli Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BBB-bg pelipowai M'buke islands: Peli island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BBC MONDROPOLON net
35-BBC-a Mondropolon Admiralty islands: Manus-CN. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BBC-aa mondropolon Brundalis coast: Aran Leihuwa Saha Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BC ERE+ TITAN chain manus-E.
35-BCA ERE+ PAPITALAI
net
35-BCA-a Nali+ Yiru Admiralty islands: Manus-SE. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3
35-BCA-aa nali Bulihan Malei Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCA-ab yiru Yiru Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCA-ac lauis lawes Lauis Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCA-b Ere+ Lele Admiralty islands: Manus-C.+ N.E. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3
35-BCA-ba ere Manus south coast: Drabito Londru Metawari Hatwara Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-bb nane Manus south coast: Patu Lala Loi Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-bc e Manus south coast: Pele island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 1
35-BCA-bd okro Manus south coast: Warembu Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-be kele gele', gele, buyang Manus-C. inland: Buyang Tingau Droia
Korunat
Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-bf kurti kuruti, kuruti+ pare Manus north coast: Liap Kari Badlok
Koru Mundrau
35-BCA-bg lele lele+ hai, hai, usiai, manus, moanus Manus northeast coasts:
Warobi Lundret Bowat Labakan
35-BCA-bh elu elu+ kara Manus northeast coasts Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-bi sabon Manus-NE. island: Sabon Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCA-bj ndroson rossun Manus northeast island: Ndroson Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCA-c Koro Admiralty islands: Manus-NE. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-ca koro Manus northeast coast: Malabang Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-d Papitalai+ Naringel Admiralty islands: Manus-E. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-da papitalai Papitalai; also Los Negros-C. island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCA-db naringel Naringel; also Los Negros-C. island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCA-e Mokerang Admiralty islands: Manus-E. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BCA-ea mokerang mokareng, mokoreng Mokereng; also Los Negros-N. island
Ndrilu island
35-BCB TITAN+ RAMBUTYO
net
35-BCB-a Titan+ Rambutyo "wider" titan, "wider" tito, titan-manus, titan-moanus Admiralty
islands: M'Buke Manus-S. Ndrowa Horno Rambutyo islands
35-BCB-aa titan titan "proper" M'Buke islands Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCB-ab loisa Manus coast-S.: Loisa westwards Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCB-ac m'bunai bunai Manus south coast: Bunai Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCB-ad ndrowa Ndrowa islands Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCB-ae horno Horno islands Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BCB-af rambutyo Rambutyo island
35-BD BALUAN+ PAK
chain
manus-SE.
35-BDA BALUAN+ LOU net
35-BDA-a Baluan+ Pam Admiralty islands: Manus-SE. islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3
35-BDA-aa baluan Baluan island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BDA-ab pam Pam island Papua New Guinea (Manus)

35-BDA-b Lou+ Rei Admiralty islands: Manus-SE. islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BDA-ba lou Lou island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BDA-bb rei Lou island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BDB LENKAU net
35-BDB-a Lenkau Admiralty islands: Manus-SE. islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BDB-aa lenkau Rambutyo-SW. island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BDC PENCHAL net
35-BDC-a Penchal Admiralty islands: Manus-SE. islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BDC-aa penchal Rambutyo-C. island including 3 dialects Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BDD NAUNA net
35-BDD-a Nauna Admiralty islands: Manus-SE. islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BDD-aa nauna naune Nauna island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2
35-BDE PAK+ TONG net
35-BDE-a Pak+ Tong tong+ pak Admiralty islands: Manus-SE. islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3
35-BDE-aa pak Pak island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-BDE-ab tong Tong island Papua New Guinea (Manus)
35-C TUNGAG+ KUANUA
set
35-CA EMIRA+ TENIS chain SAINT-MATTHIAS
35-CAA EMIRA+ MUSSAU
net
35-CAA-a Emira+ Mussau mussau+ emira Saint Matthias islands Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CAA-aa mussau musau Mussau island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CAA-ab emira Emira island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CAB TENIS net
35-CAB-a Tenis Saint Matthias islands Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 1
35-CAB-aa tenis tench Tench island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 1
35-CB TUNGAG+ KARA
chain
35-CBA TUNGAG+
LAVONGAI net
35-CBA-a Tungag+ Lavongai lavongai, dang New Hanover island including Tingwon island+
Umbukul islands
Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 4
35-CBA-aa tungag-A. tungak Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBA-ab lavongai* lavangai Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBA-ac dang* Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBB BANGATANG+
KAUT net
TIGAK, omo
35-CBB-a Bangatang+ Selapiu "island" tigak New Ireland-NW. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBB-aa 'east-island'* East-S. islands Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBB-ab bangatang* Bangatang islands Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBB-ac selapiu* Selapiu island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBB-ad baudisson* Baudisson island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBB-b Kaut+ Dyaul tigak-S. New Ireland-NW. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBB-ba kaut* Balgai bay Kaut coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBB-bb dyaul* Dyaul-W. island Mait island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBB-c Tigak-C. New Ireland-NW. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBB-ca tigak-C. Kavieng Tome peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CBB-d Tigak-E. New Ireland-NW. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBB-da tigak-E. Lossuk coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBC TIANG net
35-CBC-a Tiang New Ireland-NW. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CBC-aa tiang djaul Dyaul-E. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CBD KARA+ NALIK net
35-CBD-a Kara lemusmus, lemakot New Ireland-NW. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBD-aa kara-W. Lavalai Panangai southwest coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBD-ab kara-E. Fangalawa northeast coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBD-b Nalik New Ireland northwest island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CBD-ba nalik lugagon, fesoa, fessoa Laefu southwest coast Laraslaba northeast
coast
35-CC NOTSI chain
35-CCA NOTSI net
35-CCA-a Notsi New Ireland-NW. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CCA-aa notsi 2 coastal enclaves Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
35-CD MANDARA+ LIHIR
chain
35-CDA MANDARA net
35-CDA-a Mandara madara, "wider" tabar New Ireland island: Tabar archipelago Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CDA-aa simberi Simberi island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CDA-ab tatau Tatau island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CDA-ac tabar Tabar island 2
35-CDB LIHIR+ MAHUR net
35-CDB-a Lihir+ Mahur New Ireland island: Lihir islands Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CDB-aa lihir lir, Lihir island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CDB-ab masahet Masahet island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CDB-ac mahur Mahur island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CE MADAK+
LAVATBURA chain
35-CEA LAVATBURA+
LAMUSONG net
35-CEA-a Lavatbura+
Lamusong
New Ireland-C. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CEA-aa lamusong lamasong Konos northeast coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CEA-ab lavatbura Cape Panakondo northeast coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CEA-ac kontu Tembin coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CEA-ad ugana Lambu southwest coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CEB MADAK net
35-CEB-a Madak mandak New Ireland-C. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CEB-aa malom Cape Lemeris Babila northeast coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CEB-ab katingan Tuorong northeast coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CEB-ac lelet Lelet plateau Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CEB-ad danu Danu southwest coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CEB-ae mesi Mesi southwest coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CF KUANUA+
PATPATAR chain
35-CFA BAROK+ USEN net
35-CFA-a Barok+ Usen komalu, kanapit, "wider" barok Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CFA-aa barok barok "proper", barok-NW. Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CFA-ab usen barok-SE. Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CFA-ac komalu* kanalu Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CFA-ad kanapit* Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CFA-ae kulubi* kolube Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CFB PATPATAR+ PALA
net
35-CFB-a Patpatar+ Pala gelik, "wider" patpatar Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CFB-aa pala Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CFB-ab sokirik Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CFB-ac patpatar patpatar "proper", patpari Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CFB-ad gelik* Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CFC MAKADA+ ULU net RAMOAAINA
35-CFC-a Makada+ Ulu "duke-of-york", malu, ramuaina New Britain-NE. island: Duke of York
island
Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-CFC-aa makada makadam Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFC-ab molot Molot Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFC-ac utam Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFC-ad mandan manuan Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFC-ae kabotirai Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFC-af ulu Watnabar island Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFC-ag mioko Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFC-ah kerawara Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFD KUANUA+ BILUR
35-CFD-a Kuanua+ Tolai gunan-tuna, tinata tuna, tuna, blanche bay, "new-britain language"
New Britain-N. island; plus vehicular extension> New Britain island
New Ireland island
Papua New Guinea (New Britain;
New Ireland)
4
35-CFD-aa kuanua tolai community New Britain-N. island: Gazelle peninsula Watom
island
Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFD-aaa watom Watom island (New Britain) 3
35-CFD-aab kabakada livuan, liguan Cape Liguan peninsula Kabakada (New Britain) 3

35-CFD-aac nodup nodum Urara island (New Britain)
35-CFD-aad masawa Ataliklikun-W. bay (New Britain)
35-CFD-aae rakunei Ataliklikun-E. bay: Keravat (New Britain)
35-CFD-aaf vunadidir Vunadir (New Britain) 4
35-CFD-aag raluana Blanche bay: Raluana (New Britain) 3
35-CFD-aah matupit rabaul, kuanua-C. Rabaul eastwards (New Britain)
35-CFD-aai rebar reimber Toma (New Britain) 3
35-CFD-aaj kokopo Kokopo coast (New Britain)
35-CFD-aak kininanggunan Kokopo southwards (New Britain)
35-CFD-aal kabanga kulon, birar Cape Gazelle coast (New Britain) 3
35-CFD-aam rapitok* (New Britain)
35-CFD-aan vanumami* (New Britain)
35-CFD-aao "york" Duke of York island (New Britain) 3
35-CFD-ab tolai-V. tolai "vehicular" New Britain island New Ireland island Papua New Guinea (New Britain;
New Ireland)
4
35-CFD-b Bilur* New Britain-NE. island Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3*
35-CFD-ba bilur birar, birara Gazelle peninsula: Gazelle cape southwards Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-CFE KANDAS+ LABEL
net
35-CFE-a Kandas New Ireland-S. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CFE-aa kandas king Watpi King Kait Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CFE-b Label* New Ireland-S. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2*
35-CFE-ba label Nasko Tampakar southwest coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CFF SIAR net
35-CFF-a Siar "wider" lambon, lamssa New Ireland-S. island: Lambon Saint
George cape Morukon
35-CFF-aa lambon Lambon southwest coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CFF-ab bakum* Bakum southeast coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CFG GURAMALUM* net extinct
35-CFG-a Guramalum Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 0
35-CFG-aa guramalum New Ireland-S. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 0
35-CG KONOMALA+
LAKET chain
35-CGA KONOMALA+
LAKET net
35-CGA-a Konomala+ Laket New Ireland-S. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CGA-aa laket Kamdaru river-mouth northwards to west coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CGA-ab konomala-A. Nimias river-mouth northwards to east coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CH SURSURUNGA
chain
35-CHA SURSURUNGA net
35-CHA-a Sursurunga New Ireland-S. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CHA-aa samo* Elizabeth bay Samo Cape Sena northeast coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CHA-ab suralil* Suralil west coast Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CI TANGGA+ ANIR
chain
35-CIA TANGGA+ ANIR
35-CIA-a Tangga tanga New Ireland island: Tanga islands Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CIA-aa boang* Boang island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CIA-ab malendok* Malendok island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CIA-b Maket* New Ireland-S. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CIA-ba maket New Ireland-S. island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 2
35-CIA-c Anir feni New Ireland island Feni islands Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
35-CIA-ca ambitle* Ambitle island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-CIA-cb babase* Babase island Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
35-D NAKANAI+ VITU set kimbe
35-DA NAKANAI+
MELAMELA chain
nakanai
35-DAA NAKANAI+
MELAMELA net
35-DAA-a Melamela+ Lolobau meramera, nakanai-E. Open Bay coast Lolobau island Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-DAA-aa melamela-E. "open-bay" Open bay Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-DAA-ab ubili kimbe Kimbe-E. bay Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-DAA-ac lolobau Lolobau island Papua New Guinea (New Britain)

1999 / 2000 edition
35-DAA-b Nakanai nakonai Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 4
35-DAA-ba maututu Balima river-mouth Toiru river-mouth Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-DAA-bb vere vele, tarobi Toiru river-mouth Gavuvu lower valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
35-DAA-bc losa loso, auka Gavuvu upper valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-DAA-bd ubae babata Bilomei lower valley: Ubai Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
35-DAA-be bileki lakalai, muku, mamuga Maika Hoskins coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 4
35-DB BOLA+ BULU chain WILLAUMEZ
35-DBA BOLA+ HARUA net
35-DBA-a Bola+ Harua New Britain-N. island: Willaumez peninsula Stetton bay Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-DBA-aa bola bakovi, bola+ bakovi Willaumez peninsula: Wangore bay Kulu
river-mouth
35-DBA-ab harua karua, xarua, garua, mai Stetton bay: Kimbe Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-DBB BULU net
35-DBB-a Bulu Willaumez-N. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
35-DBB-aa bulu Dakataua lake: Bulu-Murli Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
35-DC VITU+ BALI* chain
35-DCA VITU+ BALI net
35-DCA-a Vitu+ Mundua New Britain island: Witu islands Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-DCA-aa vitu witu Garove island: Widu Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-DCA-ab mundua* Mundua island Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-DCA-b Bali New Britain island: Witu islands Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3*
35-DCA-ba bali Unea* island Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-E LAMOGAI+ AMARA*
set
35-EA LAMOGAI+ AMARA
chain
35-EAA AMARA+ MOUK* net
35-EAA-a Amara New Britain-W. island Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-EAA-aa longa #longa= in [34] Bariai: interior Itne valley eastwards Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-EAA-ab idne* Itne valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-EAA-ac bibling* Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-EAA-b Mouk+ Aria New Britain-W. island
35-EAA-ba mouk mok Eil valley Aria river-mouth eastwards Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
35-EAA-bb aria Aria valley eastwards Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
35-EAA-bc tourai* Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-EAB LAMOGAI+ RAUTO
net
35-EAB-a Lamogai New Britain-W. island Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-EAB-aa lamogai Magap+ Anu headwaters Lamogai Via middle valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-EAB-b Rauto+ Pulie New Britain-W. island Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-EAB-ba rauto roto Magap valley Anu valley Wasum south coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-EAB-bb pulie Pulie lower valley Waku south coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-EAB-c Ibanga* New Britain-W. island Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3*
35-EAB-ca ibanga ivanga Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-F SOLONG+ AVAU*
set
35-FA SOLONG+ AVAU
chain
35-FAA SOLONG+ AVAU net
35-FAA-a Solong net-rove; a-rawe community New Britain-SW. coast: Bushing
cape Arawe islands Merkus cape
35-FAA-aa pililo Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-ab sauren Sauren Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-ac kambun Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-ad a-kolet kollet, morohunga, "inland" solong Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-FAA-ae a-rawe a-rove Arawe islands Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-b Lesing+ Atui New Britain-SW. coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3*
35-FAA-ba lesing Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-bb a-tui Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-c Gimi+ Palik Moevehafen New Britain-SW. coast+ hinterland Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-FAA-ca gimi Anu valley Johanna valley Alimbit lower valley (Audi) Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-cb loko Alimbit river-mouth Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-cc ai-klep e-klep, net-gerlep, moewehafen Aviklo islands neighbouring coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-cd a-palik palik, net-mbul Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-ce a-yuwet a-yut Ayut, Ajut island Papua New Guinea (New Britain)

35-FAA-d Gasmata New Britain-SW. coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
35-FAA-da gasmata Ablingi island Awio Bay coast Gasmata island Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-FAA-e Avau New Britain-SW. interior Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-FAA-ea a-vau a-wau Awio Bay hinterland 3
35-G KAPORE+
MANGSENG* set
WHITEMAN-RANGE
35-GA KAPORE+
MANGSENG chain
35-GAA KAPORE+
PASISMANUA net
35-GAA-a Pasismanua kaulong, kowlong New Britain-CW. south coast+ hinterland Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-GAA-aa miu Alimbit upper valley: Miu Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-ab kaulong-W. Palin valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-ac a-sengseng sengseng Oum valley Andru valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-ad karore Andru valley Johanna valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-ae psokhok psohoh, sokhok, psokok Johanna valley Wakis Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-af ai-gon Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-ag bao Iglik+ Metelin middle valleys Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-ah kaulong-E. "inland" kaulong-E. Amgen valley Metelin upper valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-ai getmata Getmata coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-b Kapore+ Bebeli Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3*
35-GAA-ba bebeli beli Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-bb benaule banaule Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAA-bc kapore Kapore coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAB MANGSENG net
35-GAB-a Mangseng mangsing, masegi, maseki New Britain-C. south coast. north coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-GAB-aa aiwit* Aiwit valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAB-ab roko rugo, rogo Ania middle valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAB-ac sampantabil Kapiura middle valley southwards Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAB-ad mirapu Bilomel upper valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-GAB-ae kukula kumila Ania middle valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-H MAENG+ UVOL* set
35-HA MAENG+ UVOL
chain
35-HAA UVOL net
35-HAA-a Uvol New Britain-CE. south coast: Wanopo Montagu Harbour estuary
Dampier cape
35-HAA-aa lote Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAA-ab uvol-A. Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAB MAMUSI+ MELKOI
net
35-HAB-a Mamusi New Britain-SE. south coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-HAB-aa mamusi Torlu valley Iowa upper valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAB-b Melkoi+ Kakuna New Britain-SE. coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-HAB-ba melkoi Melkoi valley Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAB-bb kakuna Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAC MAENG+ MIO net MENGEN
35-HAC-a Maeng+ Poeng "south coast" mengen New Britain-SE. coast: Lau coast Jacquinot
bay Waterfall bay Pulpul coast
35-HAC-aa maeng maenge Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAC-ab poeng Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAC-ac malmal Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAC-b Mio+ Pau "north coast" mengen New Britain-NE. coast Balima+ Pandi
headwaters north coast
35-HAC-ba mio* Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAC-bb pau Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAC-bc longeinga Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
35-HAC-c Korapun+ Sampun mengen-E. New Britain-SE. coast: Cape Orford coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-HAC-ca korapun+ sampun cape-orford Korapun Sampun Iwai influenced by [27] Sulka Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
35-I TUMOIP set
35-IA TUMOIP chain
35-IAA TUMOIP net
35-IAA-a Tumoip New Britain-E. island: Wide Bay southwestwards to massif Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
35-IAA-aa tumoip tumuip, tumie, tomoyp, tomoive convergence and resulting
transition towards so-called Papuan languages in 23=Owalamic
phylozone

1999 / 2000 edition
36= SOLOMONIC
phylozone
covers the "Solomonic" grouping, part of the "Oceanic"
affinity within the "Austronesian" intercontinental affinity;
comprising 6 sets of languages (= 45 outer languages)
spoken by communities in Australasia, on islands of the
Solomon archipelago:
36-A NEHAN+ PIRIPEL 36-B HALIA+ MONO
36-C VAGHUA+ BABATANA 36-D ROVIANA+ MAROVO
36-E KOKOTA+ ZABANA 36-F AMBA+ VANO
Papua-New Guinea (North Solomons
province); Solomon Islands
4
36-A NEHAN+ PIRIPEL
set
36-AA NEHAN+ PIRIPEL
chain
36-AAA NEHAN+ PIRIPEL
net
36-AAA-a Nehan+ Piripel Green islands Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-AAA-aa nehan Nehan island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-AAA-ab piripel* pinipin Piripel island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-B HALIA+ MONO set "bougainville+ shortlands"
36-BA HALIA+ SOLOS
chain
BUKA
36-BAA HALIA+ SELAU net "wider" halia
36-BAA-a Halia buka-E., halia "proper" Buka-E. island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 4*
36-BAA-aa hanahan gan Hanahan Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAA-ab haku Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAA-ac tulon tulun Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAA-ad tasi Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAA-ae lontes* Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAA-b Selau* Bougainville-N. island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3*
36-BAA-ba selau Sohano Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAA-c Kilinailau* Kilinailau, Carteret islands Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3*
36-BAA-ca kilinailau Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAB SOLOS net
36-BAB-a Solos Buka-W. island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-BAB-aa solos Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-BAC PETATS+ HITAU net
36-BAC-a Petats+ Hitau petats Buka-W. coastal islands; vehicular expansion > Buka island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-BAC-aa petats Petats island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAC-ab sumoun Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAC-ac matsungan Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BAC-ad hitau+ pororan Hitau+ Pororan islands Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BB SAPOSA chain
36-BBA SAPOSA net
36-BBA-a SAPOSA Bougainville-NW. coastal islands Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-BBA-aa fa-saposa Saposa island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 2
36-BBA-ab taiof Taiof island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 2
36-BC HAHON+ TEOP
chain
36-BCA HAHON+ RATSUA
net
36-BCA-a Hahon+ Ratsua Bougainville-N. island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-BCA-aa hahon hanon Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCA-ab kurur Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCA-ac ratsua Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCA-ad aravia Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCB VASUII+ DIOS net "wider" timputz
36-BCB-a Vasuii+ Dios Bougainville-N. island Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-BCB-aa vasuii timputz "proper", tinputz, timputs, wasoi Timputz Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCB-ab pokpapa Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCB-ac orig Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCB-ad dios tsibatabai Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCB-ae chundawan Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCB-af vaadoo Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)

36-BCC TEOP+ PETSPETS
net
36-BCC-a Teop+ Petspets Bougainville-N. island: Timputz district Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-BCC-aa teop Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCC-ab wainanana Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCC-ac losiara Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCC-ad taunita Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCC-ae melilup Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BCC-af petspets Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BD PAPAPANA chain
36-BDA PAPAPANA net
36-BDA-a Papapana Bougainville-C. east coast Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 2
36-BDA-aa papapana Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 2
36-BE PIVA+ BANONI chain
36-BEA PIVA+ BANONI net
36-BEA-a Piva Bougainville-C. island west coast Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 2
36-BEA-aa amun Amun Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BEA-ab nagarige piva Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BEA-b Banoni+ Tsunari Bougainville-S. island west coast Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 3
36-BEA-ba banoni Empress Augusta bay Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BEA-bb tsunari Empress Augusta bay Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BEA-c Minigir* New Britain-NE. island Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2*
36-BEA-ca minigir lungalunga Ataliklikun bay: Lungalunga Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
36-BF TORAU chain
36-BFA TORAU net
36-BFA-a Torau Bougainville-S. east coast Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 2
36-BFA-aa torau-A. Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BFA-ab rorovana Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons)
36-BG URUAVA chain
36-BGA URUAVA net
36-BGA-a Uruava Bougainville-S. east coast Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 0
36-BGA-aa uruava arawa extinct Papua New Guinea (N.Solomons) 0
36-BH MONO+ ALU chain
36-BHA MONO+ ALU net
36-BHA-a Mono+ Alu Shortland islands Solomon Islands 3
36-BHA-aa mono Mono island Solomon Islands
36-BHA-ab alu alo Alu island Solomon Islands
36-BHA-ac fauro Fauro island Piru island Ovau island Oema island Solomon Islands
36-C VAGHUA+
BABATANA set
CHOISEUL
36-CA VAGHUA+ RIRIO
chain
choiseul-NW.
36-CAA VAGHUA+ VARISI
net
36-CAA-a Vaghua Choiseul-NW. island Solomon Islands 3
36-CAA-aa vaghua vagua, tavola, tavula Malvangga Chirovanga Solomon Islands 3
36-CAA-b Varisi+ Ghone Choiseul-NW. island Solomon Islands 3
36-CAA-ba ghone Nukiki Solomon Islands 3
36-CAA-bb varisi varese Solomon Islands 3
36-CAB RIRIO net
36-CAB-a Ririo Choiseul-NE. island Solomon Islands 2
36-CAB-aa ririo Susuka Solomon Islands 2
36-CB BABATANA+
KIRUNGGELA chain
choiseul-CE.
36-CBA BABATANA+
KIRUNGGELA net
36-CBA-a Babatana+ Avas "wider" m-bambatana Choiseul island Vaghena island Solomon Islands 3
36-CBA-aa babatana-A. babatana "proper" Choiseul-C. island: Sasamungga coast-SW. Solomon Islands
36-CBA-ab babatana-V. babatana "vehicular" Choiseul island Vaghena island Solomon Islands
36-CBA-ac katazi Choiseul coast-NE. Solomon Islands
36-CBA-ad sengan sengga, sisingga, senga Choiseul-C. island: Manggo
36-CBA-ae kuboro kumboro Solomon Islands
36-CBA-af lmaumbi Choiseul coast-NE. Solomon Islands
36-CBA-ag avas Choiseul coast-SW. Vaghena island Solomon Islands

1999 / 2000 edition
36-CBA-b Kirunggela* Choiseul island Solomon Islands 3
36-CBA-ba kirunggela* Solomon Islands 3
36-D ROVIANA+
MAROVO set
NEW-GEORGIA
36-DA ROVIANA+ NDUKE
chain
36-DAA LUNGGA+
GHANONGGA net
36-DAA-a Ghanongga Ranongga island Solomon Islands 3
36-DAA-aa ghanongga-A. ganongga Solomon Islands 3
36-DAA-ab kubokota* kumbokota Solomon Islands
36-DAA-b Lungga Ranongga island Solomon Islands 3
36-DAA-ba lungga Solomon Islands 3
36-DAA-c Simbo Simbo island Gizo island Solomon Islands 3
36-DAA-ca simbo-A. sibo Simbo island Solomon Islands 3
36-DAA-cb madegugusu* mandeghughusu, madeggusu Gizo-S. island Solomon Islands 3
36-DAB NDUKE net
36-DAB-a Nduke Kolombangara, Nduke island Solomon Islands 3
36-DAB-aa n-duke n-dughore, kolombangara Solomon Islands 3
36-DAC KUSAGHE net
36-DAC-a Kusaghe New Georgia-N. island Solomon Islands 3
36-DAC-aa kusaghe kusage Solomon Islands 3
36-DAD HOAVA net
36-DAD-a Hoava New Georgia-NE. island Solomon Islands 2
36-DAD-aa hoava Solomon Islands 2
36-DAE ROVIANA net
36-DAE-a Roviana robiana, ruviana, rubiana New Georgia-NW. island Solomon Islands; Papua New
Guinea (North Solomons)
4
36-DAE-aa roviana-A. roviana "proper" New Georgia-NW. island Kohinggo island Vona
Vona island
Solomon Islands 3
36-DAE-ab roviana-V. roviana "vehicular" Salomon-W. islands; vehicular extension>
Bougainville island Buka island
Solomon Islands; extension to:
Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
4
36-DAF UGHELE net
36-DAF-a Ughele Rendova-N. island Solomon Islands 2
36-DAF-aa ughele ugele Solomon Islands 2
36-DB MAROVO+
VANGUNU chain
36-DBA MAROVO net
36-DBA-a Marovo New Georgia-SE. island Vangunu island Nggatokae island Solomon Islands 3
36-DBA-aa marovo-W. New Georgia-SE. island Vangunu-N. island Solomon Islands
36-DBA-ab marovo-E. Vangunu-SE. island Nggatokae island Solomon Islands
36-DBB VANGUNU net
36-DBB-a Vangunu Vangunu islands Solomon Islands 3
36-DBB-aa vangunu-A. Vangunu-CW. island Solomon Islands 2
36-DBB-ab m-bareke Vangunu-NE. island+ off-shore islands Solomon Islands 2
36-E KOKOTA+ ZABANA
set
SANTA-ISABEL
36-EA ZABANA+ LAGHU
chain
'santa isabel'-W.
36-EAA ZABANA net
36-EAA-a Zabana Santa Isabel-NW. island+ off-shore islands Solomon Islands 3
36-EAA-aa zabana jabana, kia Samasodu Kia Baolo Solomon Islands 3
36-EAB LAGHU net
36-EAB-a Laghu Santa Isabel-CS. island Solomon Islands 1
36-EAB-aa laghu lagu, katova Baolo+ Samasodu south-central coast Solomon Islands 1
36-EB KOKOTA+ CHEKE-
HOLO chain
"santa isabel"-E.
36-EBA KOKOTA+ ZAZAO
net
36-EBA-a Kokota Santa Isabel-C. island Solomon Islands 2
36-EBA-aa kokota Sisiga+ Ghoveo north-central coast Hurepelo south-central coast Solomon Islands 2
36-EBA-b Zazao Santa Isabel-C.island Solomon Islands 2
36-EBA-ba zazao jajao, kilokaka Kilokaka south-central coast Solomon Islands 2

36-EBA-c Blablanga Santa Isabel-CE. island: Popoheo+ Hovukoilo northeast coast
Ghove+ Biluro south coast
Solomon Islands 2
36-EBA-ca blablanga-A. Solomon Islands 2
36-EBA-cb gema* Solomon Islands 2
36-EBA-cc goi* Solomon Islands 2
36-EBB CHEKE-HOLO+
GAO net
36-EBB-a Cheke-Holo Santa Isabel-E. island Solomon Islands 3
36-EBB-aa maringe maringhe Santa Isabel-NE. coast; plus vehicular extension > San
Jorge island
Solomon Islands 3
36-EBB-ab hograno hogirano Santa Isabel-SE. coast Solomon Islands 3
36-EBB-ac a'ara Solomon Islands
36-EBB-ad kubonitu Solomon Islands
36-EBB-b Gao Santa Isabel-E. island Solomon Islands 2
36-EBB-ba gao nggao Tausese+ Poro Floakora cape Solomon Islands 2
36-F AMBA+ VANO set SANTA-CRUZ
36-FA AMBA+
NYISUNGGU chain
utupua
36-FAA AMBA net
36-FAA-a Amba Santa Cruz islands: Utupua-NW. island Solomon Islands 2
36-FAA-aa amba nembao, utupua "proper" Aveta+ Matembo+ Nembao Solomon Islands 2
36-FAB ASUMBOA net
36-FAB-a Asumboa Santa Cruz islands: Utupua-SW. island Solomon Islands 1
36-FAB-aa asumboa asumbuo, asumbua, asumuo Asumbuo Solomon Islands 1
36-FAC NYISUNGGU net
36-FAC-a Nyisunggu Santa Cruz islands: Utupua-E. island Solomon Islands 1
36-FAC-aa nyisunggu tanimbili Tanimbili Solomon Islands 1
36-FB VANO+ TEANU
chain
vanikoro
36-FBA VANO net
36-FBA-a Vano Santa Cruz islands: Vanikoro-N. island Solomon Islands 2
36-FBA-aa vano vanikoro, vanikolo Solomon Islands 2
36-FBB TANEMA net
36-FBB-a Tanema Santa Cruz islands: Vanikoro-S. island Solomon Islands 0
36-FBB-aa tanema tanima, tetau Emua Solomon Islands 0
36-FBC TEANU net
36-FBC-a Teanu Santa Cruz islands: Vanikoro-W. island Solomon Islands 2
36-FBC-aa teanu buma, puma Puma off-shore island Solomon Islands 2

1999 / 2000 edition
37= KANAKIC
phylozone
covers the "Kanaky" (or "Neo-Caledonian" grouping), part of
the "Oceanic" affinity within the "Austronesian"
intercontinental affinity; comprising 4 sets of languages (= 39
outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, on
the islands of Vanuatu and New Caledonia / Kanaky
(including Loyaut islands):
37-A URA+ ANEITYUM 37-B BELEP+ JAWE
37-C AJIE+ DUBEA 37-D DEHU+ IAAI
Vanuatu; New Caledonia / Kanaky 4
37-A URA+ ANEITYUM
set
vanuatu-S.
37-AA URA+ ERROMANGA
chain
37-AAA URA net
37-AAA-a Ura Erromanga-N. island 10 speakers or less in the 1970's Vanuatu 1
37-AAA-aa ura Vanuatu 1
37-AAB ERROMANGA net
37-AAB-a Erromanga eromanga, erramanga, sie Erromanga-N. island Vanuatu 3
37-AAB-aa yoku enyau Vanuatu
37-AAB-ab ifo utaha Vanuatu
37-AAB-ac potnariven Vanuatu
37-AAB-ad sie sorung Vanuatu
37-AB TANNA+
KWAMERA* chain
37-ABA TANNA+
NAPUANMEN net
37-ABA-a Tanna+ Imafin Tanna-N. island Vanuatu 3
37-ABA-aa tanna-E. Vanuatu
37-ABA-ab tanna-W. Vanuatu
37-ABA-ac imafin Vanuatu
37-ABA-b Napuanmen "whitesands", "whitsands" Tanna-NE. island Vanuatu 3
37-ABA-ba waesisi wassisi, "whitesands"-N. Vanuatu
37-ABA-bb lometimeti "whitesands"-S. Vanuatu
37-ABB LENAKEL+ ITONGA
net
37-ABB-a Lenakel+ Itonga Tanna-W. island Vanuatu 3
37-ABB-aa lenakel Lenakel Vanuatu
37-ABB-ab loanatit Vanuatu
37-ABB-ac nerauya Vanuatu
37-ABB-ad itonga Vanuatu
37-ABB-ae ikyoo Vanuatu
37-ABC NOWAI+ NVHAL net tanna-SW.
37-ABC-a Nowai+ Nvhal Tanna-SW. island further idioms to be identified Vanuatu 3
37-ABC-aa nvhal Vanuatu
37-ABC-ab nowai Vanuatu
37-ABD KWAMERA net
37-ABD-a Kwamera Tanna-SW. island Vanuatu 3
37-ABD-aa kwamera-N. Port Resolution Vanuatu 3
37-ABD-ab kwamera-S. Imaki Vanuatu 3
37-AC ANEITYUM chain
37-ACA ANEITYUM net
37-ACA-a Aneityum aneiteum, aneiteumese, anejom Aneityum island Vanuatu 2
37-ACA-aa aneityum-N. Vanuatu 2
37-ACA-ab aneityum-S. Vanuatu 2
37-B BELEP+ JAWE set kanak-N., "new caledonian"-N.
37-BA BELEP+ YUAGA
chain
37-BAA BELEP+ KUMAK net
37-BAA-a Belep+ Nyaalayu New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-BAA-aa belep Belep islands New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BAA-ab n-yaalayu nylayu, ylayu Grande Terre-N. island: Arama Balade New Caledonia / Kanaky

37-BAA-b Kumak+ Nenema Grande Terre-NW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BAA-ba nenema nelema Poum New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BAA-bb fwa-kumak koumac, fwa-goumak. goumak Koumac New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BAA-c Yuaga+ Juanga nua, nyua Grande Terre-NW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BAA-ca juanga Bond reserve New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BAA-cb yuaga Ounia Ouholle New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BAA-cc thuanga Gomn reserve New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BAA-d Caac moenebeng Grande Terre-NE. island; deported c.1850> Grande-
Terre-S. island: Saint-Louis
New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BAA-da pwebo caac-N., poubo Poubo mission New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BAA-db caawac caac-S., "saint-louis", la conception deported c.1850 > Saint-Louis:
La Conception mission
37-BB JAWE+ HMWAVEKE
chain
37-BBA JAWE+ NEMI net
37-BBA-a Jawe jaw, njawe, diahoue, oubatch, ubach Grande Terre-NE. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-BBA-aa jawe-N. Tchamboenne Tao coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-ab jawe-C. Haute-Ouaime: Pangou reserve New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-ac jawe-S. Ouayaguette+ Ouahat high valleys New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-b Nemi+ Kavatch Grande Terre-CN. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BBA-ba nemi-N. Pani coast-NE. New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-bb coulna Coulna reserve: Ouaime middle valley New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-bc ouango Ouango reserve New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-bd kavatch Kavatch reserve New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-be nemi-S. Voh coast-CW. New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-c Fwai Grande Terre-NE. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-BBA-ca fwai fwi, poai, yengen, yehen Hienghne coast+ valley New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBA-d Pije Grande Terre-NE. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BBA-da pije pinje, pindje Tipindj+ Tiendanite+ Poindimi New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBB PWAPWA net
37-BBB-a Pwapwa Grande Terre-NW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BBB-aa pwapwa pwapw, poapoa Boyen reserve New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBC PWAAMEI net
37-BBC-a Pwaamei poamei Grande Terre-NW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BBC-aa pwaamei-SW. in [51] French: pwaamei de bord-de-mer (=seaside pwaamei) New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBC-ab pwaamei-naaka Tmala-Oulis reserve New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBC-ac pwaamei-yaak Fatnaou valley New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BBD HMWAVEKE+
BWATOO net
37-BBD-a Hmwaveke+ Haveke 'moake' Grande Terre-CN. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-BBD-aa vamale vamal, pamale, hmwaeke-E. Tganpak northeast coast.
Tiouand
37-BBD-ab hmwaveke 'moaveke' Tita>H. mountains New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BBD-ac voh-kone hmwaeke-W. Voh central-west coast. Tita New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BBD-ad haveke aveke, 'aveke Oundjo central-west coast New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BBD-ae haeke aeke, 'aeke Baco reserve: Kon plain New Caledonia / Kanaky 2*
37-BBD-b Waamwang Grande Terre-CW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 0
37-BBD-ba waamwang wamoang Voh central-west coast New Caledonia / Kanaky 0
37-BBD-c Bwatoo Grande Terre-CW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BBD-ca bwatoo Oundjo>SE. coastal enclaves New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-BC CEMUHI+ PAICI
chain
kanak-C., "new caleconian"-C.
37-BCA CEMUHI net
37-BCA-a Cemuhi cemuh, camuhi, tyamuhi, camuki Grande Terre-CE. island; deported
c.1850 > Grande-Terre-S. island: Saint-Louis
37-BCA-aa u* Congouma New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BCA-ab ti Touho coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BCA-ac bko cemuhi-C. New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BCA-ad wagap cemuhi-SW. Wagap New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BCA-ae tiparama Tiparama coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BCA-af cemuhi-S. deported c.1850 > Saint-Louis: La Conception mission New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BCB PAICI net
37-BCB-a Paici* paic, pati, paaci, ci Grande Terre-C. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-BCB-aa ponerihouen paici-E. Poindimi Ponrihouen east coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-BCB-ab paici-W. Nimbay upper valley New Caledonia / Kanaky

1999 / 2000 edition
37-C AJIE+ DUBEA set kanak-S., "new caledonian"-S.
37-CA AJIE+ XARACUU
chain
kanak-CS.
37-CAA AJIE+ NEKU net WAILIC
37-CAA-a Arh Grande Terre-CW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 1
37-CAA-aa arh aro Poya+ Cradji+ Nklia New Caledonia / Kanaky 1
37-CAA-b Arha Grande Terre-C. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-CAA-ba arha arh, ara Montfaou+ Ouendji+ Poya upper valleys New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-CAA-c Aji aji, anjie, wailu, wai Grande Terre-C. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-CAA-ca mono Mono coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAA-cb wailu-N. wai Houalou coast + vehicular extension New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAA-cc wailu-S. Houalou valley New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAA-cd kouaoua Kouaoua lower valley New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAA-ce aji-W. Poya>SE. coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAA-d Orowe Grande Terre-C. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-CAA-da orowe orow, boewe, abwewe Ni+ Poth+ Bouirou+ Bourail upper valleys New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAA-e Neku Grande Terre-CW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-CAA-ea neku Bourail lower valley New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAB ZIRE+ TIRI net
37-CAB-a Zire Grande Terre-CW. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 1
37-CAB-aa zire zira, zir, sirhe, siche, sich, nere, ner Bourail river-mouth+ central-
west coast
New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAB-b Tiri Grande Terre-C. island; deported after 1878 revolt > Iles des Pins
island
37-CAB-ba ha-tiri tr, ciri La Foa lower valley New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAB-bb ha-mea ha-meha, meha, ma Mchin New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAB-bc tiri+ mea "levelled" tiri+ mea fusion of ha-tiri & ha-mea after regrouping in 19th
century
37-CAB-bd tiri-S. deported after 1878 > Ile des Pins island New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC XARACUU+
XARAGURE net
37-CAC-a Xaracuu+ Kanala* xrc, xaracii, anesu, haraneu Grande Terre-CS. island; deported
in 19th century > Iles des Pins island
37-CAC-aa kanala canala Canala coast+ hinterland New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC-ab nakety Nakety coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC-ac ourou Ourou coast+ hinterland New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC-ad xaracuu-C Kouar New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC-ae xaracuu-SW. Bouloupari southwest coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC-af xaracuu-SE. deported in 19th century > Ile des Pins island New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC-b Xaragure aragure, 'aragure, haragure Grande Terre-S. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-CAC-ba thio Thio east coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC-bb borindi Borindi east coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CAC-bc xaragure-SW. Ouinane southwest coast
37-CB DUBEA+ NUMEE
chain
37-CBA DUBEA+ NUMEE net
37-CBA-a Dubea naa-dubea, n-dumbea, dumbea, drubea Grande Terre-S. island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-CBA-aa naa-dubea-W. Naniouni southwest coast+ Bangou + Nd + Pata+ Dumba
Pirogue pass
37-CBA-ab naa-dubea-E. Ounia+ Yat southeast coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CBA-b Numee naa-numee, kapone, touaouru, ouen, kwenyii, kunie, tuauru, duauru,
uen, wen, naa-wee Grande Terre-S. island
37-CBA-ba naa-numee-W. num, kapone Nouma>SE. coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CBA-bb tuauru duauru, touaouru, Touaourou southeast coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CBA-bc goro Goro southeast coast New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CBA-c Wee "insular" numee Ouen island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-CBA-ca naa-wee w, wen, uen, ouen New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-CBA-d Kwenyii "insular" numee 2 Ile des Pins island New Caledonia / Kanaky 2
37-CBA-da naa-kwenyii kwnyii, kunie New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-D DEHU+ IAAI set LOYAUT
37-DA DEHU+ IAAI chain
37-DAA IAAI net
37-DAA-a Iaai Loyaut islands: Ouva island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-DAA-aa iaai iai, yai New Caledonia / Kanaky

37-DAB DEHU net
37-DAB-a Dehu de'u, drehu, lifu, lifou Loyaut islands: Lifou island New Caledonia / Kanaky 4
37-DAB-aa wet wete, dehu-N. New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-DAB-ab lssi losi, dehu-S. New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-DAB-ac miny min, "honorific" dehu, "court" dehu language of traditional respect New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-DAC NENGONE net
37-DAC-a Nengone Loyaut islands: Mar island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
37-DAC-aa mar "general" nengone New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-DAC-ab pene-iwatenu iwateno, "honorific" nengone, "court" nengone New Caledonia / Kanaky
37-DAC-ac pene-egesho "scornful" nengone, "trivial" nengone New Caledonia / Kanaky

1999 / 2000 edition
38= WEST-PACIFIC
phylozone
covers the "Caroline+ Vanuatu" grouping, part of the
"Oceanic" affinity within the "Austronesian" intercontinental
affinity; comprising 8 sets of languages (= 119 outer
languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, on islands
of the Pacific from the Caroline (and formerly also Mapia)
islands to Vanuatu:
38-A TRUK+ PONAPE 38-B KUSAIE
38-C EBON 38-D KIRIBATI
38-E NAURU 38-F GELA+ GHARI
38-G KWARA'AE+ KAHUA 38-H HIW+ NASARIAN
Micronesia; Solomon Islands;
Kiribati; Tuvalu; Nauru; Vanuatu;
formerly also Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
5
38-A TRUK+ PONAPE set "ponapeic"+ "trukic"; part of "micronesian" grouping
38-AA TRUK+ PONAPE
chain
MACRO-TRUKIC
38-AAA MAPIA net "mapian"
38-AAA-a Mapia Mapia islands Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 0
38-AAA-aa mapia extinct submerged by [33] Biak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 0
38-AAB TRUK+ ULITHI net "trukic" island idioms to be distinguished
38-AAB-a Sonsorol Caroline islands Micronesia 2
38-AAB-aa sonsorol Helen+ Tobi+ Merir+ Pulo-Anna+ Sonsorol islands Micronesia
38-AAB-b Ulithi "ulithian" Caroline islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-ba ulithi Ngulu+ Ulithi+ Fais+ Sorol islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-c Woleai "woleaian", "wolean" Caroline islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-ca woleai Eauripik+ Woleai+ Ifaluk+ Elato+ Lamotrek+ Olimarao*+ Faraulep+
Gaferut* islands
Micronesia 3
38-AAB-d Satawal+ Saipan "carolinian" Caroline Mariana islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-da satawal "satawalese" Caroline islands: Satawal island Micronesia 2
38-AAB-db saipan "saipan-carolinian" Mariana-S. islands: Saipan island Micronesia
38-AAB-dc tanapag "carolinian-N." Mariana-N. islands Micronesia
38-AAB-dca pagan Pagan island Micronesia
38-AAB-dcb agrihan Agrihan island Micronesia
38-AAB-e Puluwat puluwatese Caroline islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-ea puluwat Pulusuk+ Puluwat+ Pulap islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-f Namonuito Caroline islands: Namonuito islands Micronesia 2
38-AAB-fa namonuito Magur+ Ulul islands Micronesia 2
38-AAB-g Paafang Caroline islands: Hall islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-ga paafang pfang Nomwin+ Fananu+ Murilo+ Ruo islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-h Truk "trukese" Caroline islands: Truk islands+ Kuop islands plus
vehicular extension> Caroline-C. islands plus migration> Ponape
island
Micronesia 4
38-AAB-ha truk-C. ruk Pis+ Falo+ Moen+ Mwoch+ Dublon+ Eten+ Fefan+ Uman+ Tsis+
Tarik+ Param+ Eiol islands
Micronesia
38-AAB-hb truk-V. "vehicular trukese" Micronesia
38-AAB-hc truk-E "east-lagoon" Micronesia
38-AAB-hd fayichuk Eot+ Romonum+ Udot+ Tol+ Fela-Beguets islands Micronesia
38-AAB-i Mortlock "mortlockese" Caroline islands: Mortlock islands Micronesia 3
38-AAB-ia lukeisel mortlock-N. Nama+ Losap+ Pis islands Micronesia
38-AAB-ib mortlock-S. "lower" mortlock Namoluk+ Etal+ Lukunor+ Oneiop+ Nomoi islands Micronesia
38-AAC PONAPE+
PINGELAP net
"ponapeic"
38-AAC-a Ponape "ponapean", "pohnpeian" Caroline islands: Senyavin islands Micronesia 4
38-AAC-aa ponape-N. Ponape-N. island Micronesia
38-AAC-ab kiti Ponape-S.+ Ant islands Micronesia
38-AAC-ac ngatik "ngatikese" Ngatik island Micronesia
38-AAC-b Mokil "mokilese" Caroline islands: Senyavin islands migration> Hawaii Micronesia 3
38-AAC-ba mokil Mokil island Micronesia
38-AAC-c Pingelap "pingilapese" Caroline islands: Senyavin islands Micronesia; migration> USA
(Hawaii)
3
38-AAC-ca pingelap pingilap Pingelap islands Micronesia
38-B KUSAIE set "kusaiean"; part of "micronesian" grouping
38-BA KUSAIE chain
38-BAA KUSAIE net
38-BAA-a Kusaie kosrae, "kosraean" Caroline islands: Kusaie, Kosrae islands Micronesia 3
38-BAA-aa malen+ utwe Kusaie island: Malen+ Utwe Micronesia
38-BAA-ab lelu+ tafunsak Lelu island+ Kusaie island (Tafunsak) Micronesia

38-C EBON set MARSHALLESE; part of "micronesian" grouping
38-CA EBON chain
38-CAA EBON net
38-CAA-a Ebon "marshallese" Marshall islands -bilingual in [52] English Marshall Islands; migration>
Nauru
4
38-CAA-aa bikini+ eniwetok "marshallese"-W. Bikini+ Eniwetok islands; deported in
1946> Ujelang island+ Rlik Chain archipelago -bilingual in [52]
English
Marshall Islands 4
38-CAA-aaa ujelang Ujelang island since enforced resettlement in 1946 Marshall Islands
38-CAA-aab rlik Rlik Chain archipelago (including Kili+ Ebon islands) since
enforced resettlement in 1946
Marshall Islands
38-CAA-ab ratak "marshallese"-E. Marshall Islands 4
38-D KIRIBATI set GILBERTESE, part of "micronesian" grouping
38-DA KIRIBATI chain
38-DAA KIRIBATI net
38-DAA-a Kiribati "gilbertese" Kiribati, Gilbert islands -bilingual in [52] English Kiribati; Tuvalu; migration> Fiji;
Nauru
4
38-DAA-aa i-kiribati "gilbertese"-C. Abaiang+ Marakei islands Tamana+ Arorae islands Kiribati 4
38-DAA-ab butaritari kiribati-N., "gilbertese"-N. Butaritari, Makin island Kiribati
38-DAA-ac banaban kiribati-W., "gilbertese"-W. Banaba, Ocean island Kiribati
38-DAA-ad nui kiribati-S., "gilbertese"-S. Nui island Tuvalu 3*
38-E NAURU set
38-EA NAURU chain
38-EAA NAURU net
38-EAA-a Nauru "nauruan" Nauru island Nauru 3
38-EAA-aa nauru -bilingual in [52] English limited acquisition of language by children Nauru
38-F GELA+ GHARI set
38-FA GELA+ GHARI chain
38-FAA BUGHOTU+
VULAVA net
38-FAA-a Bughotu+ Vulava* mahaga Santa Isabel-SE. island (Suma Horara)+ San Jorge-SE.
island+ Vatilau island+ Furona island
Solomon Islands 3
38-FAA-aa m-bughotu bugoto, bugota, bugotu Solomon Islands
38-FAA-ab hageulu Solomon Islands
38-FAA-ac vulava Solomon Islands
38-FAB GELA+ LENGO net
38-FAB-a Gela Florida islands plus migration> Savo+ Guadalcanal islands Solomon Islands 3
38-FAB-aa n-gela nggela Solomon Islands 3
38-FAB-b Lengo+ Aola Guadalcanal-CN. island Solomon Islands 3
38-FAB-ba lengo Solomon Islands
38-FAB-bb ruavatu Solomon Islands
38-FAB-bc tasemboko Solomon Islands
38-FAB-bd aola Aola Solomon Islands
38-FAB-be aripao Solomon Islands 2
38-FAB-bf ghaimuta ghua Solomon Islands 2
38-FAC GHARI+ TALISE net GUADALCANAL
38-FAC-a Ghari guadalcanal-W. Guadalcanal-W. island Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-aa ghari-A. gari, sughu, guadalcanal-W. "vehicular" Sughu coast+ vehicular
extension
Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-ab tan-garare tandai+ n-garia, tana-ghai, tandai+ nggaria Solomon Islands 2
38-FAC-ac n-gae nggae Solomon Islands 2
38-FAC-ad n-geri nggeri Solomon Islands 2
38-FAC-ae n-di vaturanga Maravovo>SE. Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-af n-ginia Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-b Talise+ Tolo "wider" talise, "wider" tolo Guadalcanal-S. island Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-ba poleo Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-bb ina-kono koo, ina-kona Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-bc malagheti malageti Solomon Islands 2
38-FAC-bd talise Solomon Islands 2
38-FAC-be tolo Haimara Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-bf moli Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-c Malango Guadalcanal-C. island Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-ca malango Popomanaseu mountain valleys Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-d Birao Guadalcanal-CE. island Solomon Islands 3
38-FAC-da m-birao Kaichui mountain valleys southeast coast Solomon Islands 3

1999 / 2000 edition
38-G KWARA'AE+
KAHUA set
malaita+ "san-cristobel"
38-GA KWARA'AE+
ARE'ARE chain
MALAITA
38-GAA LONGGU net
38-GAA-a Longgu Malaita island; deported>Guadalcanal-E. island Solomon Islands 2
38-GAA-aa longgu logu Solomon Islands 2
38-GAB KWARA'AE+
TO'ABAITA net
38-GAB-a Kwara'ae+ To'abaita "malaitan"-N. Malaita-N.+ coastal islands Solomon Islands 4
38-GAB-aa to'abaita toabaita, to'ambaita Solomon Islands 3
38-GAB-ab malu'u malu, maluu Maluu Solomon Islands
38-GAB-ac m-baelelea Solomon Islands 3
38-GAB-ad m-baegu baeggu, baeguu, baenggu, m-baenggu Solomon Islands 3
38-GAB-ae fataleka Solomon Islands
38-GAB-af lau Malaita coast-NE. Solomon Islands 4
38-GAB-ag suafa* part of lau "insular" Manaoba island Solomon Islands
38-GAB-ah dai ndai, part of lau "insular" Dai island Solomon Islands
38-GAB-ai gula'alaa kwai+ ngongosila Kwai+ Ngongosila islands Solomon Islands
38-GAB-aj kwara'ae Malaita west coast (Dala+ Auki) east coast used also as a
vehicular language
Solomon Islands 4
38-GAB-ak fiu* Solomon Islands
38-GAC LANGALANGA net
38-GAC-a Langalanga Malaita-W. island Solomon Islands 3
38-GAC-aa langalanga Auki Mbuma Solomon Islands 3
38-GAD KWAIO net
38-GAD-a Kwaio Malaita-C. island Solomon Islands 4
38-GAD-aa kwaio koio Mbuma west coast. east coast Solomon Islands 4
38-GAE ARE'ARE+ DORI'O
net
38-GAE-a Dori'o+
Kwarekwareo
Malaita-C. island Solomon Islands 3
38-GAE-aa dori'o Solomon Islands
38-GAE-ab kwarekwareo* Solomon Islands
38-GAE-b Are'are+ Marau Malaita-S.+ Maramasike-N. islands Solomon Islands 4
38-GAE-ba are'are areare, 'are'are Solomon Islands
38-GAE-bb marau Marau Sound straits Solomon Islands
38-GAF OROHA net
38-GAF-a Oroha Maramasike-S. island Solomon Islands 2
38-GAF-aa oroha oraha, maramasike, mara-ma-siki Solomon Islands 2
38-GAG SA'A+ UGI net
38-GAG-a Sa'a+ Ugi malaita-S. Solomon Islands 3
38-GAG-aa sa'a saa Maramasike island Solomon Islands
38-GAG-ab apae'aa* Solomon Islands
38-GAG-ac ulawa Ulawa island Solomon Islands
38-GAG-ad ugi uki-ni-masi Uki Ni Masi Three Sisters islands Solomon Islands 1
38-GB KAHUA+ AROSI
chain
MAKIRA, "san-cristobel"
38-GBA AROSI+ FAGANI net
38-GBA-a Arosi Makira, San Cristobel-NW. island Solomon Islands 3
38-GBA-aa arosi-A. Solomon Islands
38-GBA-ab wango Solomon Islands
38-GBA-b Fagani Makira, San Cristobel-CW. island Solomon Islands 2
38-GBA-ba fagani-A. Solomon Islands
38-GBA-bb rihu'a Solomon Islands
38-GBA-bc agufi Solomon Islands
38-GBB BAURO+
MARMAREGHO net
38-GBB-a Bauro+ Marmaregho Makira, San Cristobel-C. island Solomon Islands 3
38-GBB-aa bauro Kirakira Solomon Islands 3
38-GBB-ab haununu hauhunu Solomon Islands 2
38-GBB-ac rawo ravo Solomon Islands 2
38-GBB-ad marmaregho* mamaregho Solomon Islands

38-GBC KAHUA+
TAWARAFA net
38-GBC-a Kahua+ Tawarafa Makira, San Christobel-E.+ Santa Ana+ Santa Catalina islands
vehicular extension westwards (Makira island)
Solomon Islands 4
38-GBC-aa kahua anganiwai, anganiwei, wanoni, narihua, makira "vehicular" Solomon Islands 3
38-GBC-ab tawarafa "star-harbour" Gheta Solomon Islands 3
38-GBC-ac owa-raha Santa Ana island Solomon Islands
38-GBC-ad owa-riki Santa Catalina island Solomon Islands
38-H HIW+ NASARIAN set TRANSVANUATU, vanuatu-N.+ C.
38-HA HIW+ ETON chain vanuatu-NE.
38-HAA HIW+ LOH net torres Torres islands
38-HAA-a Hiw Torres-N. islands Vanuatu 2
38-HAA-aa hiw Vanuatu 2
38-HAA-b Loh+ Toga Torres-S. islands Vanuatu 2
38-HAA-ba tegua* Tegua-S. island Vanuatu
38-HAA-bb loh lo Low island Vanuatu
38-HAA-bc toga Toga island Vanuatu
38-HAB LEHALI+
LEHALURUP net
38-HAB-a Lehali+ Teqel Banks island: Ureparapara-N. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAB-aa lehali Vanuatu
38-HAB-ab teqel tekel, alo-teqel Vanuatu
38-HAB-b Lehalurup Banks islands: Ureparapara-S. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAB-ba lehalurup Vanuatu 2
38-HAC MOTLAV+ MOTA net
38-HAC-a Motlav motalava Banks islands Mota Lava, Saddle island Vanuatu 3
38-HAC-aa volow valuva, valuwa, valuga Vanuatu
38-HAC-ab beklag Vanuatu
38-HAC-ac totoglag Vanuatu
38-HAC-ad bun Vanuatu
38-HAC-b Mota Banks islands Mota, Sugarloaf island Vanuatu 2
38-HAC-ba mota-W. Vanuatu
38-HAC-bb mota-E. Vanuatu
38-HAD VATRATA+ MOSINA
net
38-HAD-a Vatrata+ Sasar vanua-lava Banks islands: Vanua Lava-N. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAD-aa vatrata Vanuatu 2
38-HAD-ab leon Vanuatu 0
38-HAD-ac pak bek Vanuatu 0
38-HAD-ad sasar lem Vanuatu 0
38-HAD-b Mosina+ Vuras Banks islands: Vanua Lava-S. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAD-ba vetumboso mosina-N. Vanuatu
38-HAD-bb vuras vureas, avreas Vanuatu
38-HAD-bc mosina mosin, mosina-S. Vanuatu
38-HAE NUME+ WETAMUT
net
gaua
38-HAE-a Nume Banks islands: Gaua, Santa Maria-NE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAE-aa nume-A. gaua-E. Vanuatu
38-HAE-ab tarasag* Vanuatu
38-HAE-b Lakona Banks islands: Gaua, Santa Maria-NW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAE-ba lakona-A. lakon, gaua-W. Vanuatu
38-HAE-bb gog* Vanuatu
38-HAE-c Koro Banks islands: Gaua, Santa Maria-SW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAE-ca koro Koro+ Mekeon Vanuatu 2
38-HAE-d Wetamut Banks islands: Gaua, Santa Maria-SE. island Vanuatu 1
38-HAE-da wetamut Dorig+ Kweteon Vanuatu 1
38-HAF MERLAV+ MWERIG
net
38-HAF-a Merlav+ Mwerig Banks-SE. islands Vanuatu 3
38-HAF-aa mwerig merig Mwerig island Vanuatu 2
38-HAF-ab merlav merelava Mwerelava, Mere Lava island Vanuatu
38-HAF-ac matliwag Matliwag island Vanuatu
38-HAG MARINO+ LOTORA MAEWO, maevo
38-HAG-a Marino Maewo-N. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAG-aa marino maewo-N., naone Vanuatu 2

1999 / 2000 edition
38-HAG-b Lotora+ Bangoro maewo-C. Maewo-C. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAG-ba lotora Vanuatu
38-HAG-bb tanoriki Vanuatu
38-HAG-bc peterara Peterara Vanuatu
38-HAG-bd arata Vanuatu 1
38-HAG-be bangoro Vanuatu 1
38-HAG-c Baetora maewo-S. Maewo-S. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAG-ca baetora-A. Baetora Vanuatu
38-HAG-cb nasawa Vanuatu
38-HAG-cc talise-vanuatu talise 2 Vanuatu
38-HAG-cd narovorovo Vanuatu
38-HAH NDUINDUI+
LONGANA net
AMBAE, aoban
38-HAH-a Nduindui+ Opa aoban-W., ambae-W. Aoba-W., Ambae-W. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAH-aa nduindui duindui Nduindui Vanuatu
38-HAH-ab opa Vanuatu
38-HAH-ac walaha Vanuatu
38-HAH-b Longana+ Omba aoban-E., ambae-E. Aoba-E., Ambae-E. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAH-ba omba oba, aoba Vanuatu
38-HAH-bb walurigi Vanuatu
38-HAH-bc tavalavola lombaha; lobaha Vanuatu
38-HAH-bd lambahi Vanuatu
38-HAH-be longana Longana Vanuatu
38-HAH-bf lolopwepwe Vanuatu
38-HAH-bg lolokaro lolokara Vanuatu
38-HAH-bh lolsiwoi Vanuatu
38-HAI HANO+ SA net RAGA
38-HAI-a Hano+ Vunmarama raga-N. Raga; Pentecost-N. island; vehicular extension > Raga+
Maewo-S. island
Vanuatu 3
38-HAI-aa hano including "vehicular" raga Vanuatu 3
38-HAI-ab lamalanga Vanuatu
38-HAI-ac vunmarama Vanuatu
38-HAI-ad qatvenua bwatvenua Vanuatu
38-HAI-b Apma+ Melsisi Raga, Pentecost-C. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAI-ba suro-bo apma-N. Vanuatu
38-HAI-bb suro-marani apma-S. Vanuatu
38-HAI-bc bwatnapi Vanuatu
38-HAI-bd loltong Vanuatu
38-HAI-be melsisi Melsissi Vanuatu
38-HAI-c Sowa Raga, Pentecost-C. island Vanuatu 1
38-HAI-ca sowa Vanuatu
38-HAI-d Seke Raga, Pentecost-C. island Vanuatu 1
38-HAI-da seke Vanuatu
38-HAI-e Sa+ Ponorwal* Raga, Pentecost-S. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAI-ea ponorwal raga-S. Vanuatu
38-HAI-eb lolatavola Vanuatu
38-HAI-ec ninebulo Vanuatu
38-HAI-ed sa-NE. "baie-barrier" Vanuatu
38-HAI-ee sa-SE. "sainte-thrse" Vanuatu
38-HAI-ef sa-SW. walwi+ ranputor Vanuatu
38-HAI-eg sa-S. pancros, "point-cross" Vanuatu
38-HAJ AMBRYM net
38-HAJ-a Ambrym-N. Ambrym-N. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAJ-aa olal ambrym-NE. Vanuatu
38-HAJ-ab magam ambrym-NW. Vanuatu
38-HAJ-b Lonwolwol Ambrym-SW. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAJ-ba fali Vanuatu
38-HAJ-bb fanting Vanuatu
38-HAJ-c Dakaka+ Sesivi ambrym-S. Ambrym-SW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAJ-ca dakaka Vanuatu
38-HAJ-cb baiap Vanuatu
38-HAJ-cc sesivi Vanuatu
38-HAJ-d Port-Vato Ambrym-SW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAJ-da port-vato Vanuatu

38-HAJ-e Taviak taveak Ambrym-SE. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAJ-ea endu taviak-N. Vanuatu
38-HAJ-eb toak taviak-W. Vanuatu
38-HAJ-ec penapo taviak-S. Vanuatu
38-HAJ-ed taviak-A. taviak-SE. Taviak Vanuatu
38-HAK PAAMA+ LOPEVI
net
38-HAK-a Paama+ Lopevi* Paama+ Lopevi islands Vanuatu 3
38-HAK-aa paama-N. pauma-N. Paama-N. island Vanuatu
38-HAK-ab paama-S. pauma-S. Paama-S. island Vanuatu
38-HAK-ac lopevi Lopevi island Vanuatu
38-HAL VALPEI+ MALO* net 'santo'-W.
38-HAL-a Valpei+ Hukua Santo-NW. island: Cape Cumberland cape>S. Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-aa valpei valpay Vanuatu
38-HAL-ab hukua Vanuatu
38-HAL-b Nokuku Santo-NW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ba nokuku nogugu: Nokuku coast Vanuatu
38-HAL-c Vunapu+ Piamatsina Santo-NW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ca vunapu Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-cb piamatsina Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-d Tasmate Santo-W. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-da tasmate-N.* Vanuatu
38-HAL-db tasmate-S. Tasmate coast Vanuatu
38-HAL-e Tolomako+ Jereviu "big-bay" Santo-CN. island: Big Bay bay Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ea tolomako Vanuatu
38-HAL-eb jereviu Vanuatu
38-HAL-ec marina* Vanuatu
38-HAL-f Wusi+ Kerepua Santo-W. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-fa wusi Wusi coast Vanuatu
38-HAL-fb kerepua Vanuatu
38-HAL-g Malmariv+ Navut Santo-CN. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ga malmariv Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-gb navut Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-h Lametin Santo-CN. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ha lametin Vanuatu
38-HAL-i Morouas+ Akei* Santo-CN. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAL-ia morouas moruas Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ib roria Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ic fortsenal Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-id akei Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ie tasiriki* Vanuatu
38-HAL-if wailapa Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ig penantsiro Vanuatu
38-HAL-ih amblong Vanuatu
38-HAL-ii narango Narango coast Vanuatu
38-HAL-j Tangoa Santo-CS. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ja tangoa Tangoa island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-k Araki Santo-CS. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-ka araki Araki island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-l Tambotalo Santo-SE. island Vanuatu 1
38-HAL-la tambotalo Luganville coast: Tambotalo Vanuatu 1
38-HAL-m Mafea+ Ais Santo-SE. island Vanuatu 1
38-HAL-ma mafea Mafea island Vanuatu
38-HAL-mb ais Ais island Vanuatu
38-HAL-n Malo+ Tutuba Santo-SE. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAL-na tutuba Tutuba island Vanuatu 2
38-HAL-nb aore Mafea island Vanuatu 0
38-HAL-nc avunatari malo-N. Malo-N. island Vanuatu
38-HAL-nd ataripoe malo-S. Malo-S. island Vanuatu
38-HAM VOVO+ URIPIV* net
38-HAM-a 'Malua-Bay' Malekula-NW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAM-aa 'malua-bay' "espigle-bay", "middle-nambas" Vanuatu 2
38-HAM-b Vovo Malekula-N. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAM-ba vovo wowo Vanuatu 2

1999 / 2000 edition
38-HAM-c Mpotovoro Malekula-N. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAM-ca mpotovoro Vanuatu 2
38-HAM-d Mae Malekula-N. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAM-da mae including "small-nambas"-N. Vanuatu 2
38-HAM-e Vao Malekula-N. island: Vao island Vanuatu 3
38-HAM-ea vao Vanuatu 3
38-HAM-f Uripiv+ Atchin uripiv+ wala Malekula-NE. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAM-fa atchin nale Atchin island Vanuatu
38-HAM-fb wala Wala island Vanuatu
38-HAM-fc rano Rano island Vanuatu
38-HAM-fd uripiv Uripiv island Vanuatu
38-HAM-fe tautu Vanuatu
38-HAM-ff uri* Vanuatu
38-HAN UNUA+ KULIVIU* net
38-HAN-a Unua Malekula-SE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAN-aa unua-A. onua Unua coast Vanuatu
38-HAN-ab 'bush'-unua Vanuatu
38-HAN-b Rerep+ Tisman Malekula-SE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAN-ba rerep pangkumu Pangkumu bay Vanuatu
38-HAN-bb tisman Vanuatu
38-HAN-c Aulua+ Onesso Malekula-SE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAN-ca aulua Aulua bay Vanuatu
38-HAN-cb onesso Vanuatu
38-HAN-cc boinelang Vanuatu
38-HAN-d Burmbar+ Vartavo Malekula-SE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAN-da burmbar "banan bay" Banan Bay Vanuatu
38-HAN-db vartavo* Vanuatu
38-HAN-e Lamap Malekula-SE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAN-ea lamap including port-sandwich Vanuatu 2
38-HAN-f Kuliviu Malekula-SE. island: Maskelyne islands Vanuatu 3
38-HAN-fa kuliviu "maskelynes" with more island dialects to be identified Vanuatu 3
38-HAN-faa peskarus Peskars town & island
38-HAN-fab asue Assou
38-HAN-g Axamb Malekula-S. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAN-ga axamb ahamb Vanuatu 2
38-HAO MALFAXAL+
SENIANG* net
38-HAO-a Malfaxal+ Seniang Malekula-SW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAO-aa malfaxal malvaxal Malfaxal coast Vanuatu
38-HAO-ab orierh Vanuatu
38-HAO-ac nakahai na'ahai, naahai Toman island Vanuatu
38-HAO-ad taman tomman Toman island Vanuatu
38-HAO-ae sinesip part of "southwest bay" Vanuatu
38-HAO-af seniang part of "southwest bay" Vanuatu
38-HAP LEWO+ BIEREBO*
net
EPI
38-HAP-a Lewo Epi-NE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAP-aa mate Mat Vanuatu
38-HAP-ab nul niul, noul Noul Vanuatu
38-HAP-ac filakara Filakara Vanuatu
38-HAP-ad varsu* Vanuatu
38-HAP-ae tasiko Vanuatu
38-HAP-b Bierebo Epi-NW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAP-ba bonkovia bonkowia Bonkowia Vanuatu
38-HAP-bb yevali Vanuatu
38-HAP-bc tavio Tavio Vanuatu
38-HAP-c Baki Epi-W. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAP-ca baki burumba Burumba Vanuatu 2
38-HAP-d Maii Epi-CW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAP-da maii mafilau, mae-morae Vanuatu 2
38-HAP-e Bieria Epi-SW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HAP-ea bieria bieri Vanuatu 2

38-HAQ ETON+ NGUNA* net
38-HAQ-a Namakura+ Buninga "namakuran" Tongoa-E. island+ Emwae-S. island + adjacent islands Vanuatu 3
38-HAQ-aa tongoa Tongoa-E. island: Mangarisiou Vanuatu
38-HAQ-ab tongariki Tongariki island Vanuatu
38-HAQ-ac buninga Buninga island Vanuatu
38-HAQ-ad na-makura Emwae-S.+ Makura islands Vanuatu
38-HAQ-ae mataso Mataso island Vanuatu
38-HAQ-b Nguna+ Paunangis Efate-N. island + adjacent islands Vanuatu 3
38-HAQ-ba n-guna "ngunese", tongoa Vanuatu
38-HAQ-baa nikapa Nguna island: Nikapa Outanlang Vanuatu
38-HAQ-bab lambukuti Tongoa-W. island: Lamboukouti Vanuatu
38-HAQ-bb lelepa "havannah-harbour" Lelepa island: Natapao Vanuatu
38-HAQ-bc sesake Sak island Vanuatu
38-HAQ-bd emau emao Emao island: Marao Wana Ngouroua Vanuatu
38-HAQ-be paunangis paonanguis Efate-N. island: Paonanguis Vanuatu
38-HAQ-bf livara Vanuatu
38-HAQ-c Erakor+ Fate efate-S. Efate-S. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAQ-ca fate Vanuatu
38-HAQ-cb erakor Erakor peninsula Vanuatu
38-HAQ-d Eton+ Epwau efate-E. Efate-E. island Vanuatu 3
38-HAQ-da eton Eton Vanuatu
38-HAQ-db epwau Ebau Vanuatu
38-HB SAKAO+ LITARO
chain
'santo'-E.
38-HBA SAKAO+ LIARA net 'santo'-NE.
38-HBA-a Sakao+ Liara santo Espiritu Santo-NE. island Vanuatu 3
38-HBA-aa sakao sakau Sakao island Vanuatu
38-HBA-ab 'hog-harbour' Hog Harbour Vanuatu
38-HBA-ac liara livara 2 Vanuatu 0
38-HBB LITARO+
POLONOMBAUK net
'santo'-SE.
38-HBB-a Litaro+
Lorediakarkar
Espiritu Santo-SE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HBB-aa lorediakarkar Vanuatu 1
38-HBB-ab 'shark-bay' Shark Bay coast Vanuatu 2
38-HBB-ac litaro Litaro island Vanuatu 2
38-HBB-b Butmas-Tur Espiritu Santo-SE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HBB-ba butmas-tur ati Vanuatu 2
38-HBB-c Polonombauk Espiritu Santo-SE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HBB-ca polonombauk Vanuatu 2
38-HC LAREVAT+ LABO
chain
INNER-MALEKULA
38-HCA LAREVAT+ KATBOL
net
38-HCA-a Leviamp Malekula-NW. island Vanuatu 3
38-HCA-aa leviamp "big-nambas", nambas-N. Leviamp Vanuatu 3
38-HCA-b Maragus Malekula-NE. island Vanuatu 1
38-HCA-ba maragus maragaus Vanuatu 1
38-HCA-c Larevat Malekula-W. island Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-ca larevat laravat Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-d Litzlitz+ Visele Malekula-E. island Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-da litzlitz Lakatoro coast Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-db visele* Vanuatu 2*
38-HCA-e Lingarak Malekula-CE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-ea lingarak Bushman's Bay bay Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-f Vinmavis+ Winiv Malekula-CW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-fa vinmavis lambumbu Vanuatu
38-HCA-fb winiv Vanuatu
38-HCA-g Tisvel katbol-W. Malekula-CW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-ga tisvel Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-h Tembimbe+ Katbol katbol-E. Malekula-CE. island Vanuatu 2
38-HCA-ha tembimbe timbembe Vanuatu
38-HCA-hb katbol Vanuatu
38-HCA-hc taremp Vanuatu

1999 / 2000 edition
38-HCB NASARIAN+
LETEMBOI net
nambas-S.
38-HCB-a Nasarian Malekula-CS. island Vanuatu 1
38-HCB-aa nasarian 1
38-HCB-b Repanbitip Malekula-SE. island Vanuatu 1
38-HCB-ba repanbitip 1
38-HCB-c Letemboi Malekula-S. island Vanuatu 2
38-HCB-ca letemboi "small-nambas"-S. Vanuatu 2
38-HCB-d 'Dixon-Reef' Malekula-W. island Vanuatu 1
38-HCB-da 'dixon-reef' 1
38-HCC LABO net
38-HCC-a Labo Malekula-SW. island Vanuatu 2
38-HCC-aa labo mewun, meaun, nide Vanuatu 2

39= TRANSPACIFIC
phylozone
covers the "Transpacific" grouping, part of the "Oceanic"
affinity within the "Austronesian" intercontinental affinity;
comprising 3 sets of languages (= 57 outer languages)
spoken by communities in Australasia, on islands across the
Pacific Ocean from the Caroline Islands to Hawaii and Easter
Island:
39-A ROTUMA 39-B BAU+NADROGA
39-C NUKUORO+RAPANUI
The island languages and communities of the Nukuoro+
Rapanui set (& chain) extend well over a quarter of the way
around the planet, from the Caroline islands to Easter island
(from 154E to 109W)
Chile (Easter Island), Fiji,
Micronesia, New Caledonia /
Kanaky, Samoa, New Zealand /
Aotearoa, Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tuvalu,
Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna, and
USA (Hawaii)
5
39-A ROTUMA set
39-AA ROTUMA chain
39-AAA ROTUMA net
39-AAA-a Rotuma Rotuma island; plus migration> Viti Levu+ Vanua Levu islands Fiji (Rotuma; Viti Levu; Vanua
Levu)
4
39-AAA-aa rotuma rotuna, rutuman Fiji (Rotuma; Viti Levu; Vanua
Levu)
4
39-B BAU+ NADROGA set "WIDER"-FIJIAN the extreme linguistic complexity of traditional
communities in Fiji has probably been understated, and further
investigation is required
39-BA NADROGA+
NAMOSI chain
"fijian"-W. influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji
39-BAA NADROGA+ WAYA
net
"nuclear fijian"-W.
39-BAA-a Waya+ Magodro Yasawa islands; plus migration> Viti-Levu island Fiji (Yasawa; migration> Viti-Levu) 4
39-BAA-aa waya Waya island adjacent islands Fiji (Yasawa)
39-BAA-ab nakoroboya Fiji (Yasawa)
39-BAA-ac noikoro Fiji (Yasawa)
39-BAA-ad magodro Fiji (Yasawa)
39-BAA-b Nadroga+ Tubaniwai Viti-Levu-SW. island Fiji (Viti-Levu) 4
39-BAA-ba nadroga nadrogaa Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BAA-bb tubaniwai Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BAB NAMOSI+ SERUA
net
"peripheral fijian"-W.
39-BAB-a Namosi+ Serua Viti Levu-CS. island + Vatuele islands Fiji (Viti-Levu; Vatuele) 4
39-BAB-aa namosi Namosi Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BAB-ab naitasiri naitaasiri Fiji
39-BAB-ac serua seerua Fiji
39-BAB-ad batiwai Fiji
39-BAB-ae tubai Fiji
39-BAB-af nalea Fiji
39-BB BAU+ LAU* chain "fijian"-E.
39-BBA BAU+ LAU net
39-BBA-a Bau-Fiji including bau+ naimasimasi, vitu-levu-SE. "traditional" centered on
the traditional idioms of Vitu-Levu-SE. island, and particularly on the
offshore island of Bau, the idiom of which formed the basis for
development of the national Fijian language from 19
th
century
Viti-Levu-SE. + Bau islands; with extension throughout Fiji islands
Fiji; migration> New Zealand /
Aotearoa
5
39-BBA-aa fiji-F. "standard fijian", "standard" bau Viti-Levu+ Bau islands, with
extension throughout Fiji islands Bau model; Latin script
influenced by [39] Lau, [39]Tonga and [52]English;
Fiji 5
39-BBA-ab fiji-G. "generalised fijian", "urban fijian", "prestige fijian" throughout Fiji
islands
Fiji
39-BBA-ac fiji-V. 'pijin fijian', "fijian contact vehicular" throughout Fiji islands Fiji
39-BBA-ad bau m-bau, bau-fijian, bauan; part of bau+ naimasimasi, vitu-levu-SE.
"traditional" traditional idiom of Bau island, now submerged by the
resulting generalised Fijian Bau island; plus migration> Viti-Levu
mainland island
Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BBA-ae naimasimasi part of bau+ naimasimasi, vitu-levu-SE. "traditional" Naimasimasi
coast
Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BBA-af nadrau part of bau+ naimasimasi, vitu-levu-SE. "traditional" Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BBA-ag waidina part of bau+ naimasimasi, vitu-levu-SE. "traditional" Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BBA-ah lutu part of bau+ naimasimasi, vitu-levu-SE. "traditional" Lutu interior Fiji (Viti-Levu)

1999 / 2000 edition
39-BBA-b Namena+ Lovoni* Viti-Levu-NE. island influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Viti-Levu) 4
39-BBA-ba tokaimalo Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BBA-bb namena Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BBA-bc lovoni #distinction from Lovoni town on Ovalau island to be confirmed Fiji (Viti-Levu)
39-BBA-c Lomaiviti Ovalau+ Gau+ Koro archipelago influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Ovalau-Gau-Koro) 4
39-BBA-ca koro Koro island Fiji (Ovalau-Gau-Koro)
39-BBA-cb makogai Makogai island Fiji (Ovalau-Gau-Koro)
39-BBA-cc levuka Levuka island Fiji (Ovalau-Gau-Koro)
39-BBA-cd ovalau Ovalau island Fiji (Ovalau-Gau-Koro)
39-BBA-ce batiki Batiki island Fiji (Ovalau-Gau-Koro)
39-BBA-cf nairai Nairai island Fiji (Ovalau-Gau-Koro)
39-BBA-cg gau Gau island Fiji (Ovalau-Gau-Koro)
39-BBA-d Kadavu Kadavu+ Ono islands influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Kadavu-Ono) 4
39-BBA-da tavuki Kadavu island Fiji (Kadavu-Ono) 4
39-BBA-db nabukelevu Kadavu island Fiji (Kadavu-Ono) 3
39-BBA-dc ono Ono island Fiji (Kadavu-Ono)
39-BBA-e Lau lauan Lau archipelago influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Lau) 4
39-BBA-ea matuku* Matuku island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-eb totoya* Totoya island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ec naitaba* Naitaba island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ed moala* Moala island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ee yacata* Yacata island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ef vanua-balavu Vanua-Balavu island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-eg mago* Mago island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-eh tuvuca* Tuvuca island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ei cicia* Cicia island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ej nayau Nayau island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ek lakeba Lakeba island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-el vanua-vatu Vanua-Vatu island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-em oneata Oneata island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-en moce Mothe, Moce island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-eo namuka Namuka-i-Lau island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ep kabara Kambara, Kabara island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-eq fulanga Fulanga, Fulaga, Vulaga island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-er ongea Ongea, Ogea-Levu Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-es vatoa Vatoa island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-et ono-i-lau* Ono-i-Lau island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-eu tuvana-i-ra* Tuvana-i-Ra island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-ev tuvana-i-colo* Tuvana-i-Colo island Fiji (Lau)
39-BBA-f Vanua-Levu-W. Vanua-Levu-W.+ Yadua islands influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Vanua Levu) 4
39-BBA-fa navatu-W. Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-fb solevu Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-fc bua Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-fd navakasiga Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-g Vanua-Levu-C. Vanua-Levu-CS. island influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Vanua Levu) 4
39-BBA-ga baravi baaravi Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-gb seaqaqa seaqaaqaa Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-gc savusavu Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-gd nabalebale Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-h Vanua-Levu-SE. Vanua-Levu-SE. island influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Vanua Levu) 4
39-BBA-ha navatu-C.* Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-hb tunuloa Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-hc naweni Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-hd baumaa Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-i Vanua-Levu-NE. Vanua-Levu-NE. island influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Vanua Levu) 4
39-BBA-ia labasa Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-ib dogotuki Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-ic saqan Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-id koroalau Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-j Gone+ Dau Vanua-Levu-NW. island: Gone + Dau islands influenced by [39]
Bau-Fiji
Fiji (Vanua Levu) 3
39-BBA-ja gone Gone island Fiji (Vanua Levu)
39-BBA-jb dau Dau island Fiji (Vanua Levu)

39-BBA-k Taveuni* Taveuni islands influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Taveuni) 3
39-BBA-ka taveuni Fiji (Taveuni) 3
39-BBA-l Okobia* Okobia island influenced by [39] Bau-Fiji Fiji (Okobia) 2
39-BBA-la okobia Fiji (Okobia) 2
39-C NUKUORO+
RAPANUI set
POLYNESIAN
39-CA NUKUORO+
RAPANUI chain
with complex internal relationships, resulting from interinsular
migrations Latin script
39-CAA NUKUORO net
39-CAA-a Nukuoro Nukuoro island; also migration> Ponape island Micronesia 1
39-CAA-aa nukuoro nukoro, nuguor Micronesia 1
39-CAB KAPINGAMARANGI
net
39-CAB-a Kapingamarangi Kapingamarangi island also migration> Ponape island: Porakiet Micronesia 3
39-CAB-aa kapingamarangi Micronesia 3
39-CAC NUGURIA+ SIKIANA
net
39-CAC-a Nuguria Nuguria, Nukuria, Feed islands Papua New Guinea 2
39-CAC-aa nuguria nukuria, nahoa, fead, feed Papua New Guinea 2
39-CAC-b Takuu Tauu island: Mortlock village Papua New Guinea 2
39-CAC-ba takuu tauu, taku, tau, mortlock Papua New Guinea 2
39-CAC-c Nukumanu Nukumanu, Tasman island Papua New Guinea 2
39-CAC-ca nukumanu "tasman" Papua New Guinea 2
39-CAC-d Ontong-Java Ontong Java, Luangiua, Lord Howe islands Solomon Islands 3
39-CAC-da luangiua leuangiua, "lord-howe" Solomon Islands
39-CAC-db pelau Solomon Islands
39-CAC-e Sikiana Solomon Islands 2
39-CAC-ea sikaiana sikayana Solomon Islands 2
39-CAD MUNGGAVA+
MUNGIKI net
39-CAD-a Munggava+ Mungiki "rennellese"+ "bellonese" Rennell+ Bellona islands Solomon Islands 3
39-CAD-aa munggava "rennellese", Rennell islands Solomon Islands
39-CAD-ab mungiki mugiki, bellona, "bellonese" Bellona island Solomon Islands
39-CAE NUPANI+ MATEMA
net
"pilenic"
39-CAE-a Nupani+ Aua "pilenic"-W. Reef islands Solomon Islands 2
39-CAE-aa nupani Nupani island Solomon Islands
39-CAE-ab nukapu Nukapu island Solomon Islands
39-CAE-ac pileni pilheni Pileni island Solomon Islands
39-CAE-ad aua Nifioli* island Solomon Islands
39-CAE-b Matema+ Taumako "pilenic"-E. Duff+ Reef islands Solomon Islands 2
39-CAE-ba matema Matema island Solomon Islands
39-CAE-bb taumako "duff" Taumako island Solomon Islands
39-CAF TIKOPIA+ ANUTA
net
39-CAF-a Tikopia Solomon Islands 3
39-CAF-aa tikopia Tikopia island Solomon Islands 3
39-CAF-b Anuta+ Fataka Anuta+ Fataka islands Solomon Islands 2
39-CAF-ba anuta Anuta island Solomon Islands
39-CAF-bb fataka* Fataka island Solomon Islands
39-CAG EMAE net
39-CAG-a Emae Emae, Emwae island Vanuatu 2
39-CAG-aa emae emwae, mae, mwae, emai, mai Three Hills+ Sesake islands Vanuatu 2
39-CAH MELE+ FILA net fila+ mele
39-CAH-a Mele Efate island Vanuatu 3
39-CAH-aa mele Mele Vanuatu 3
39-CAH-b Fila Efate island Vanuatu 2
39-CAH-ba fila efira, fira, ifira Vila Harbor, Fila Harbor bay: Fila island Vanuatu 2
39-CAI FOTUNA+ ANIWA
net
"futunan", "erronan"
39-CAI-a Fotuna West Futuna island (distinct from East Futuna island in Wallis-
Futuna): Isava Ikaokao
Vanuatu 2
39-CAI-aa fotuna futuna-W. distinct from [39] Futuna (Futuna-E.) in Wallis-Futuna Vanuatu 2
39-CAI-b Aniwa Aniwa island: Ipao Matin'gi Vanuatu 2
39-CAI-ba aniwa anewa Vanuatu 2

1999 / 2000 edition
39-CAJ FAGA-UVEA net
39-CAJ-a Faga-Uvea Loyaut, Loyalty islands: Ouva-Ouest, West Uvea island (distinct
from East Uvea island in Wallis-Futuna) -bilingual in [51] Franais
39-CAJ-aa faga-uvea "uvean"-W., in [51] Franais: faga-uvan, ouvan distinct from [39]
Uvea (Uvea-E.)
39-CAK TUVALU+ TOKELAU
net
"samoic outlier"-W. -bilingual in [52] English
39-CAK-a Tuvalu-N. "tuvaluan"-N., "ellician"-N., "ellice"-N. Ellice islands Tuvalu 4
39-CAK-aa nanumanga Nanumanga island Tuvalu
39-CAK-ab nanumea Nanumea island Tuvalu
39-CAK-ac niutao Niutao island Tuvalu
39-CAK-b Tuvalu-S. "tuvaluan"-S., "ellician"-S., "ellice"-S. Ellice islands Tuvalu 4
39-CAK-ba funafuti "standard" tuvalu Funafuti island Tuvalu 4
39-CAK-bb vaitupu Vaitupu islands Tuvalu
39-CAK-bc nukulaila Nukulaila islands Tuvalu
39-CAK-bd nukufetau Tuvalu
39-CAK-c Tokelau "tokelauan" Tokelau islands Olosega island Tokelau; Samoa; migration> New
Zealand / Aotearoa
3
39-CAK-ca atafu Atafu island Tokelau
39-CAK-cb nukunono Nukunono island Tokelau
39-CAK-cc fakaofo Fakaofo islands Tokelau
39-CAK-cd olosega* Olosega, Swains island Samoa
39-CAL UVEA net "uvean"
39-CAL-a Uvea uvean-E., wallisian, in [51] Franais: wallisien Wallis islands
Vanuatu islands Grande Terre island influenced by [39] Tonga;
distinct from [39] Faga-Uvea (Uvea-W.) -bilingual in [51] Franais
Wallis & Futuna; migration>
Vanuatu; New Caledonia / Kanaky
4
39-CAL-aa uvea-wallis Ouva-Est, East Uvea island (distinct from West Uvea island in New
Caledonia)
Wallis & Futuna 3
39-CAL-ab uvea-vanuatu Vanuatu 2
39-CAL-ac uvea-kanaky Grande Terre island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
39-CAM FUTUNA+
NIUAFO'OU net
"futunian"
39-CAM-a Futuna+ Alofi Futuna islands; migration> Grande Terre island -bilingual in [51]
Franais
Wallis & Futuna; migration> New
Caledonia / Kanaky
3
39-CAM-aa futuna futuna-E. Futuna-E. island (distinct from West Futuna island in
Vanuatu):
Wallis & Futuna 3
39-CAM-ab futuna-kanaky Grande Terre island New Caledonia / Kanaky 3
39-CAM-ac alofi* Alofi island Wallis & Futuna 2
39-CAM-b Niuafo'ou Niuafo'ou island Tonga 2
39-CAM-ba niuafo'ou Tonga 2
39-CAN PUKAPUKA net
39-CAN-a Pukapuka Cook islands: Pukapuka island Cook Islands; migration> New
Zealand / Aotearoa
3
39-CAN-aa pukapuka "bukabukan" Cook Islands; also New Zealand /
Aotearoa
3
39-CAO SAMOA net "samoan"
39-CAO-a Samoa Samoa islands -bilingual in [52] English Western Samoa; American
Samoa; migration from Samoa>
New Zealand / Aotearoa; migration
from American Samoa> USA
(Hawaii; California)
5
39-CAO-aa samoa-W. "samoan"-W. Savai'I Upolu islands Western Samoa 5
39-CAO-aaa samoa-F. "formal" samoan
39-CAO-aab samoa-G. "casual" samoan, "generalised" samoan
39-CAO-ab samoa-E. "samoan"-E. Tutula Manu'a islands American Samoa
39-CAP TONGA+ NIUE net "tongic"
39-CAP-a Niue Niue island Niue; migration> New Zealand /
Aotearoa
3
39-CAP-aa niue "niuean", 'niuefekai' Niue; also New Zealand / Aotearoa
3
39-CAP-b Tonga "tongan" Tonga islands Tonga; migration> New Zealand /
Aotearoa; migration> USA (Hawaii;
California; Utah)
5
39-CAP-ba tonga-niuatoputapu* having submerged Niuatoputapu (extinct in 18th century) Tonga 3
39-CAP-bb vava'u Vava'u islands Tonga
39-CAP-bc ha'apai Ha'apai islands Tonga
39-CAP-bd tongatapu Tongatapu islands Tonga

39-CAQ MAORI+ TAHITI net "tahitic"+ "marquesic" -bilingual in [52] English or [51] Franais
39-CAQ-a Maori new-zealand maori North + South islands formerly also Chatham
island (now extinct) -bilingual in [52] English
New Zealand / Aotearoa 5
39-CAQ-aa maori-F. "formal" maori, "classical" maori New Zealand / Aotearoa 5
39-CAQ-ab maori-W. North Island-W. island New Zealand / Aotearoa 4
39-CAQ-aba te-aupouri+ ngapuhi "auckland"-N. Auckland-N. peninsula New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-abb waikato+ maniapoto Auckland southwards: Waikato valley New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-abc wanganui+ taranaki Wanganui valley Taranaki Bight coast New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-ac maori-C. maori "transitional" North Island-C. island New Zealand / Aotearoa 4
39-CAQ-aca ngati-maru Coromandel peninsula: Harauki plains New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-acb te-arawa Rotorua New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-acc ngati-tuwharetoa Taupo lake New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-ad maori-E. North Island-E. island New Zealand / Aotearoa 4
39-CAQ-ada ngati-awa ngai-te-rangi+ ngati-awa+ te-whakatohea+ tuhoe Bay of Plenty
coast+ hinterland
New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-adb ngati-porou te-whanau-a-apanui+ ngati-porou East Coast peninsula New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-adc rongowhakaata rongowhakata Poverty Bay bay New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-add ngati-kahungunu Hawke's Bay bay+ Wairarapa New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-ae maori-S. "south-island" maori extinct, now replaced by speakers from North
Island South Island island
New Zealand / Aotearoa
39-CAQ-af moriori Chatham island New Zealand / Aotearoa 0
39-CAQ-b Rarotonga+
Mangaia
kuki-airani, "rarotongan"+ "mangaian", "cook-islands" maori Cook
islands; with migration & settlement (over 50% of speakers)> New
Zealand / Aotearoa -bilingual in [52] English; some interintelligibility
with [39] Maori
Cook Islands; large-scale
migration> New Zealand /
Aotearoa
4
39-CAQ-ba rarotonga "rarotongan" Rarotonga island Cook Islands
39-CAQ-bb mangaia "mangaian" Mangaia island Cook Islands
39-CAQ-bc mauke Mauke island Cook Islands
39-CAQ-bd aitutaki Aitutaki island Cook Islands
39-CAQ-be atiu Atiu island Cook Islands
39-CAQ-bf mitiaro Cook Islands
39-CAQ-c Rakahanga+
Manihiki
"cook-islands" maori 2 -bilingual in [52] English Cook islands Cook Islands; migration> New
Zealand / Aotearoa
3
39-CAQ-ca rakahanga Rakahanga island Cook Islands
39-CAQ-cb manihiki Manihiki island Cook Islands
39-CAQ-d Tongareva Cook islands -bilingual in [52] English Cook Islands 2
39-CAQ-da tongareva penrhyn, mangarongaro;Tongareva, Penrhyn island Cook Islands 2
39-CAQ-e Hawai'i "marquesic"-N., "hawaiian" -bilingual in [52] English Hawaiian
islands
USA (Hawaii) 3
39-CAQ-ea ni'hau Ni'hau island USA (Hawaii)
39-CAQ-eb hawai'i-A. Hawai'i island USA (Hawaii)
39-CAQ-f Hatutu+ Nuku-Hiva "marquesan"-N. Marquesas-N. islands -translingual in [39] Tahiti &
bilingual in [51] Franais influenced by [39] Tahiti
French Polynesia 3
39-CAQ-fa hatutu Hatutu island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-fb nuku-hiva Nuku-Hiva island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-fc ua-huka Ua-Huka island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-fd ua-pou Ua-Pou island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-g Hiva-Oa+ Fatu-Hiva "marquesan"-S. Marquesas-S. islands -translingual in [39] Tahiti &
bilingual in [51] Franais influenced by [39] Tahiti
French Polynesia 3
39-CAQ-ga hiva-oa Hiva-Oa island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-gb tahuta tahuata Tahuata island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-gc fatu-hiva Fatu-Hiva island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-h Tahiti "tahitian", in [51] French: tahitien -bilingual in [51] Franais Socit
islands
French Polynesia; migration>New
Caledonia / Kanaky
5
39-CAQ-ha tahiti-A. Tahiti island French Polynesia 5
39-CAQ-hb tahiti-V. "polynesian vehicular" vehicular extension throughout French
Polynesia
French Polynesia; also New
Caledonia / Kanaky
39-CAQ-hba maupiti* Maupiti island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-hbb tupai* Tupai island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-hbc borobora* Borobora island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-hbd taha'a* Taha'a island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-hbe ra'iatea* Ra'iatea island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-hbf huahine* Huahine island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-hbg tapuaemanu* Tapuaemanu island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-hbh mo'orea* Mo'orea island French Polynesia
39-CAQ-hbi mehetia* Mehetia island French Polynesia

1999 / 2000 edition
39-CAQ-i Pa'umotu "tuamotuan" influenced by [39] Tahiti -translingual in [39] Tahiti &
bilingual in [51] Franais Tuamotu archipelago
French Polynesia 4
39-CAQ-ia mihiroa taravaia Matahiva+ Tikahau+ Rangiroa+ Arutua+ Apataki+ Kaukura+
Makatea+ Nieu islands
French Polynesia
39-CAQ-ib vahitu Ahe+ Manihi+ Takaroa+ Takapoto islands French Polynesia
39-CAQ-ic napuka Tepoto+ Napuka islands French Polynesia
39-CAQ-id fangatau tupitimoake Fangatau+ Fakahina+ Pukapuka islands French Polynesia
39-CAQ-ie reao Reao+ Pukaroa islands French Polynesia
39-CAQ-if marangai Tatakoto+ Akiaki+ Vahitahi+ Nukutavake+ Pinaki+ Vairaatea+
Ahunui+ Vanavana+ Tureia+ Marutea islands
French Polynesia
39-CAQ-ig tapuhoe Aratika+ Toau+ Kauehi+ Raraka+ Fakaraya+ Katiu+ Makemo+
Taenga+ Raroia+ Nihiru+ Haraiki+ Hikueru+ Amanu+ Marokau+
Ravahere+ Hao+ Nengonengo+ Perace islands
French Polynesia
39-CAQ-ih parata putahi Anaa+ Hereheretue islands French Polynesia
39-CAQ-ii moruroa* Duke of Gloucester+ Tematangi+ Moruroa+ Fangataufa+ Actaeon+
Maria+ Morane islands
French Polynesia
39-CAQ-j Tubuai+ Rurutu "austral islands" Tubuai, Austral islands French Polynesia 3
39-CAQ-ja tubuai+ rurutu tupua'i+ rurutu Rurutu+ Tupua'i+ Rimatara+ Ra'ivavae islands French Polynesia 3
39-CAQ-k Mangareva "mangarevan" Tuamotu-SE. archipelago -translingual in [39] Tahiti
& bilingual in [51] Franais influenced by [39] Tahiti
French Polynesia 3
39-CAQ-ka mangareva Mangareva+ Temoe islands French Polynesia 3
39-CAQ-l Rapa -bilingual in [39] Tahiti & [51] Franais influenced by [39] Tahiti French Polynesia 2
39-CAQ-la rapa "rapan" Rapa island French Polynesia 2
39-CAR RAPANUI net -bilingual in [51] Espaol
39-CAR-a Rapanui Easter island Chile 3
39-CAR-aa rapanui "easter island", pascuense Chile 3

LGS Vol2 Austronesian Phylo

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LGS Vol2 Austronesian Phylo

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3= AUSTRONESIAN phylosector Observatoire Linguistique

Linguasphere Observatory page 225

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