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LPC2148 ARM7 Microcontroller
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www.stringtechnologies.net
Features
32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller
40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip
flash memory
In-System Programming/In-Application Programming
(ISP/IAP)
8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by DMA
Two 10-bit ADCs provide a total of 14 analog inputs
10-bit DAC provides variable analog output
Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture
and four compare channels each)
PWM unit (six outputs)
watchdog timer
Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power
Multiple serial interfaces including
-- two UARTs,
-- Two Fast I2C-bus (400 kbit/s),
-- SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data
length capabilities
Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable
priorities and vector addresses
45 general purpose I/O pins
21 external interrupt pins available
On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external
crystal from 1 MHz to 25 MHz
Block
Diagram


On chip Flash Program Memory
512 kB Flash memory system
This memory may be used for both code and data storage.
Programming of the flash memory may be accomplished in several
ways(ISP/IAP).

On chip Static RAM
On-chip static RAM may be used for code and/or data storage.
The SRAM may be accessed as 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit.
An 8 kB SRAM block intended to be utilized mainly by the USB

Interrupt Controller
The Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) accepts all of the interrupt
request inputs and categorizes them as Fast Interrupt Request (FIQ),
vectored Interrupt Request (IRQ), and non-vectored IRQ as defined by
programmable settings.
Analog to Digital Converter
contain two analog to digital converters.
Total number of available ADC inputs is 14
10 bit successive approximation analog to digital
converter.
Measurement range of 0 V to VREF
Global Start command for both converters.

Digital to Analog Converter
The DAC enables to generate a variable analog output.
The maximum DAC output voltage is the VREF voltage.
10-bit DAC.
Buffered output.
Power-down mode available.

USB 2.0 Device Controller
The USB is a 4-wire serial bus that supports communication
between a host and a number (127 max) of peripherals
Enables 12 Mbit/s data exchange with a USB host controller
A DMA controller (available only in LPC2146/48) can transfer
data between an endpoint buffer and the USB RAM.
UARTs
contain two UARTs.
In addition to standard transmit and receive data lines, the
LPC2148 UART1 also provides a full modem control handshake
interface.
16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs.
Built-in fractional baud rate generator covering wide range of
baud rates without a need for external crystals of particular values.
I2C Interface
Is a bidirectional
Is a multi-master bus, it can be controlled by more
than one bus master connected to it.
It supports bit rates up to 400 kbit/s
Bidirectional data transfer between masters and
slaves.
Serial clock synchronization allows devices with
different bit rates to communicate via one serial bus.
Serial clock synchronization can be used as a
handshake mechanism to suspend and resume serial
transfer.
SPI serial I/O control
Is a full duplex serial interface, designed to handle
multiple masters and slaves connected to a given bus.
Synchronous, Serial, Full Duplex Communication.
SSP serial I/O control
Supports full duplex transfers
Data frames of 4 bits to 16 bits of data flowing from
the master to the slave and from the slave to the master.
Synchronous serial communication.
Master or slave operation.
8-frame FIFOs for both transmit and receive.
Four bits to 16 bits per frame
Timers
A 32-bit timer/counter with a programmable 32-bit prescaler
External event counter
Four 32-bit capture channels per timer/counter that can take a
snapshot of the timer value when an input signal transitions.
A capture event may also optionally generate an interrupt.
Four 32-bit match registers that allow:
Continuous operation with optional interrupt generation on match.
Stop timer on match with optional interrupt generation.
Reset timer on match with optional interrupt generation.
Four external outputs per timer/counter corresponding to match
registers, with the following capabilities:
Set LOW on match.
Set HIGH on match.
Toggle on match.
Do nothing on match.
Watchdog Timer
Internally resets chip if not periodically reloaded.
Debug mode.
Enabled by software but requires a hardware reset or a watchdog
reset/interrupt to be disabled.
Incorrect/Incomplete feed sequence causes reset/interrupt if enabled.
Flag to indicate watchdog reset.
Programmable 32-bit timer with internal pre-scaler.
Real Time Clock
Measures the passage of time to maintain a calendar and clock.
Battery powered systems.
Provides Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Day of Month, Month, Year, Day of
Week, and Day of Year.


Crystal Oscillator
On-chip integrated oscillator operates with external crystal in range of 1
MHz to 25 MHz
Pin
Diagram
PIN CONNECT BLOCK
All the I/O pins are connected to a number of
internal functions via a multiplexer.
On reset all I/O are configured as GPIO.
Secondary functions are selected via PINSEL
register.

GPIO
TXD
PWM1
Reserve
d
P0.0
PLL
10 to 25 MHz input clock frequency
Output frequency from 10 MHz up to the maximum
CPU rate (currently 60MHz)
Programmable frequency multiplication
PLL bypassed on reset
PLL lock indicator can be used as an interrupt to
connect the PLL once it is locked
PLL programming requires a special feed sequence
(similar to the watchdog) for safety
PHASE LOCK LOOP (PLL)
Provides frequency for ARM7 CPU and on chip
peripherals
Frequency divider/multiplier


PLL
VPB divider
Fosc
10MHz-
25MHz
CCLK
PCLK
2.5MHz
60MHz
Pin 12
Pin 11
10-25 MHz
OSCILLATOR
PLL
10 60 MHz
PLLC PLLE
C
o
n
n
e
c
t

E
n
a
b
l
e

PLLCON
FEED SEQUENCE
E
n
a
b
l
e

C
o
n
n
e
c
t

Multiplier/Divider Values PLLCFG
(CCLK)
PLOCK PLLSTAT
PLLFEED
PLL Details
General Purpose I/0
On reset all pins are configured as GPIO input
pins.
Controlled using 4 registers
- IODIR
- IOSET
- IOCLR
- IOPIN
Applications include driving LEDs, sensing digital
inputs.
IOPIN
SFRs
The current state of the port pins are read from this register
IOSET Writing ones sets pins high, writing zero has no effect
IOCLR Writing ones sets pins low and clears corresponding bits in IOSET
IODIR Port pin direction: 0 = INPUT, 1 = OUTPUT
PINSEL0/1 Selects alternate functions for pins
GPIO Details
GPIO
Pins available for GPIO:
46 on LPC2148/2119/2124/2129 (64-pin package)
76 on LPC2210/2290 (144-pin package but no on-chip Flash)
112 on LPC2292/2294 (144-pin package using on-chip Flash)
Shared with alternate functions of all peripherals
Direction control of individual bits
Separate set and clear registers
Pin value and output register can be read separately
Slew rate controlled outputs (10 ns)
PIN Select Register
The PINSEL register's controls the functions
of the pins

Registers:

PINSEL0
PINSEL1
PINSEL2
PINSEL0
PINSEL1
PINSEL2
IODIR
GPIO Port Direction control register.
This register individually controls the
direction of each port pin.

Registers:

GPIO port 0 Direction register
GPIO port 1 Direction register
Fast GPIO port 0 Direction register
Fast GPIO port 1 Direction register
GPIO port 0 Direction register
GPIO port 1 Direction register
"the slow" GPIO
IOPIN
(Used while performing digital functions)
GPIO Port Pin value register.
The current state of the GPIO configured port pins can
always be read from this register, regardless of pin direction.

This register provides the value of port pins that are
configured to perform only digital functions

Registers

GPIO port 0 Pin value register
GPIO port 1 Pin value register
Fast GPIO port 0 Pin value register
Fast GPIO port 1 Pin value register

IOSET
GPIO Port Output Set register.
This register controls the state of output pins.
Writing ones produces highs at the corresponding port pins.
Writing zero's has no effect.
Registers

GPIO port 0 output Set register
GPIO port 1 output Set register
Fast GPIO port 0 output Set register
Fast GPIO port 1 output Set register

IOCLR
GPIO Port Output Clear register.
This register controls the state of output pins.
Writing ones produces lows at the corresponding port pins
and clears the corresponding bits in the IOSET register.
Writing zero's has no effect.
Registers

GPIO port 0 output Clear register 0
GPIO port 1 output Clear register 1
Fast GPIO port 0 output Clear register 0
Fast GPIO port 1 output Clear register 1
: NOTES :
IOPIN-->To read the current state of the GPIO
pin
IODIR-->Individually control the state of each
pin (writing 0 makes particular pin acts as input,
writing 1 makes particular pin as output)
IOSET-->To control the state of the output pins
(writing 1 to particular pin makes it as output port high,
writing 0 has no effect)
IOCLR-->To control the state of the output pins
(writing 1 to particular pin makes it as low,writing 0
has no effect)
NOTE: this is register used to clear the pins that are
set using IOSET
Fast GPIO port 0 Direction register
Fast GPIO port 1 Direction register
"the fast" GPIO
Serial Communication Interfaces
UART0 / 1
I
2
C Interface
SPI Interface

10100101
10110110
01111000
1010010110110110
UART0 / UART1
Maximum possible speed of the UART
3.75 Mbits/sec
TxD0
RxD0
UART 0
Interface
CTS
RTS
UART 1
Interface
DTR
DCD
DTR
RI
TxD1
Modem Interface
signals
RxD1
UART0 / UART1
Register locations conform to 550 industry standard UART

Built-in Baud Rate Generator
16-bit baud rate generator clock divisor made from 2 8-bit divisor
registers: DLM (MSB), DLL (LSB)
Required baud rate: pclk/(16 * Divisor)

Error Detection
Parity, Framing and Overrun Errors detected
Break Interrupt detection
UART0 / UART1 (cont.)
16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs
Receive FIFO trigger points at 1, 4, 8, and 14 bytes
Break signal can be transmitted

Word Length Select: 5, 6, 7 or 8-bit characters

Stop Bit Select: 1 or 2 stop bits

Parity Select: Odd or Even parity

Standard modem interface signals included (UART1)
VPB Bus Interface
(Receiver Block)
(Transmitter Block)
Rx Shift Register
Tx Shift Register
Rx Buffer Register
Serial
Input
Pin
Tx Holding Register
INTERFACE
Interrupt Enable Register
(Baud Rate
Generator Block)
Divisor Latch LSB
Divisor Latch MSB
Interrupt ID Register
0
0
Serial
Output
Pin
Scratch Pad Register
Line Control Register
Line Status Register
FIFO Control Register
UART0
Block
Diagram
VPB Bus Interface
(Receiver Block)
(Transmitter Block)
Rx Shift Register
Tx Shift Register
Rx Buffer Register
Serial
Input
Pin
Tx Holding Register
Modem
Status Register
Modem
Control Register
INTERFACE
INTERFACE
Interrupt Enable Register
(Baud Rate
Generator Block)
UART 1 Modem
Control Pins
Clear To Send
Data Set Ready
Data Terminal Rdy
Data Carrier Detect
Ring Indicator
Ready To Send
Divisor Latch LSB
Divisor Latch MSB
Interrupt ID Register
1
1
Serial
Output
Pin
Scratch Pad Register
Line Control Register
Line Status Register
FIFO Control Register
1
1
1
1
1
1
UART1
Block
Diagram
I
2
C Bus Interface
SDA
SCL
I
2
C
Interface
Maximum possible speed of the I2C
400Kbits/sec
I
2
C Bus Interface
Standard Fast-I
2
C compliant bus interface
7-bit addressing

Easy to configure as Master, Slave, or Master/Slave

Programmable clocks allow versatile rate control

Bi-directional data transfer between masters and slaves

Multi-master bus (no central master)
SCLK1
OUT
SCLK
IN
DATA1
OUT
DATA
IN
SCLK2
OUT
SCLK
IN
DATA2
OUT
DATA
IN
SDA
SCL
DEVICE 2 DEVICE 1
I2C devices are wire ANDed together.
+VDD
Rp
Rp
Pull-up
Resistors
Serial clock line
Serial data line
I
2
C - Open Drain Configuration
SPI Interface
Compliant with Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) specification

Combined SPI master and slave function

Maximum data bit rate of 1/8 of the peripheral clock rate

Programmable settings for data transmit/receive operations
Clock polarity and clock phase
MSB / LSB first
SPI Register
Interface

SPI Shift
Register
SPI Clock
Generator
& Detector
SPI State Control
MOSI
MISO
SCLK
SPI Interrupt
VPB Bus
SS
SPI Block Diagram
SPCR, SPSR
SPI Pin Descriptions
ADC
10 Bit ADC
Measurement range of 0 V to 3 V.
Capable of performing more than 400,000 10-bit
samples per second.
Optional conversion on transition on input pin or
Timer Match signal.

ADC Software Controlled Mode
Select Single Channel
ADCR (7:0)
7 5 6 4 3 0 1 2
10-bit ADC
(11 Clocks/Conv)
ADDR
(result)
ADC Inputs
LPC2114/24/19/29/94
LPC213X/2210/12/14
All conversions are 10-bit and take 11 Clocks
4.5 MHz Maximum
Allows Conversions to be started by external edge

Building applications
Writing codes in C using LPC2148 register set
Compiling the code
Generating hex file
Powering the ARM through USB and serial
cables
Set ARM in programming mode
Download/Burn HEX file onto flash memory
Set ARM in run mode to run the application
Software Development
Using vision Keil IDE
KEIL IDE
Also called uVISION
Integrates project management ,editor, compiler
and debugger in one seam-less front end.
Includes several compilers
- Keil CA ARM
- GNU GCC
- ARM ADS compiler
Debugging tools
- uVISION simulator
- ULINK interface via JTAG


Starting
Double click on the Keil uVISION4 icon
Creating New project
Selecting target device
A Select new device for target will appear. Navigate
and select Philips/LPC2148 and then ok
Right click on target
Check on create HEX file
Select folder for path of the executable file
Give a name for the executable
Create a new file.Right click on the new file
window and click on Insert #include
<LPC214X.h> to use all the register set
Save the file with .c extension
Ex : prog.c
Highlight the Source group 1 folder .Open the
local menu with a right click and select Add files
to Group Source group 1


Add the appropriate source (.c files)
Build/Execute the code by selecting the
Project\build target menu .Build icons are also
available on the toolbar.
The result which includes any compilation
errors or hex file generation can be viewed on
the Output window

Output
window
To download the hex file into the microcontroller
board we use a programmer called Flash magic
tool.

Step 1-Communications
Set COM Port :COM1
Baud Rate : 9600
Device : LPC2148
Interface :None(ISP)
Oscillator Freq(MHz) :12

Step 2-Erase

Select the box Erase all Flash + Code Rd Prot

Step 3-Hex File

Click on browse to load the serial.hex file from the folder serial_driver.

Step 4-Options

Select the box Verify after programming.


Power up the microcontroller board using USB cable, make
serial cable connection between PC and microcontrollers
UART0 db9 connector.

To make the board enter programming mode
Hold down SW2 (isp) and SW3 (reset), then release SW3 first
and finally SW2.

Step 5-Start
Click the Start button

Step 6 Run
Press SW3(Reset)