CIVL375: Water and Wastewater Technolog E!ample "inal E!am #$ %& pts' (elect the most appropriate answer Part A through D are related to the table below which shows Ct (mg l -1 min) values for 1.0-Log (0!) inactivation of a certain microorganism. Disinfectant "ater #em$erature 0.% C % C 10 C 1% C &0 C 'ree chlorine (0 %0 )( &% 1* Performed chloramine 1)00 (+0 ,&0 %00 )(0 Chloride dio-ide &1 *.( (.( ,.) %.0 ./one 0.( 0.,) 0.+* 0.)& 0.&+ A. #he strongest disinfectant among the four listed in the above table is (i) 'ree chlorine (ii) Performed chloramines (iii) chloride dio-ide (iv) ./one 0. #he value of Ct (mgl -1 min) for free chlorine for ! inactivation at &0 C is about (i) (ii) ), (iii) &+ (iv) 1).% C. #he value of Ct (mgl -1 min) for free chlorine for 0! inactivation at &% C is about (i) 1&.% (ii) &% (iii) %0 (iv) 1).% D. A water at &0 C is to be disinfected using o/one with 0! inactivation. 'or a contact time of 10 min1 the a$$lied o/one dose (mg2l) should be (i) 0.0&+ (ii) 0.&+ (iii) &+0 (iv) &+00 3. .ne of the disadvantages of using free chlorine for disinfection is (i) it forms #45s (ii) it forms chlorate (iii) it is chea$ (iv) it leaves residual '. .ne of the following sentences is correct about lime2soda-ash softening $rocess (i) 5agnesium $reci$itates as 5gC.) (ii) After treatment the water will have a low $4 value (iii) 6oda ash will be needed when there is not enough al7alinit8 in the water (iv) #he chemical formula of soda ash is Ca(.4)& 9. As the water turbidit8 increases1 one of the following will increase (i) sus$ended solids (ii) #D6 (iii) hardness (iv) al7alinit8 4. :n the electrodial8sis method for removal of #D61 as the flow rate increases while other conditions remain the same1 the removal efficienc8 (i) increases (ii) decreases (iii) remains the same :. .ne of the followings is not a common coagulant (i) 'eCl) (ii) 'e6.+ (iii) Al&Cl) (iv) Al&(6.+)) 1 ;. <e=ect brine from a distillation unit has )! dissolved solids. #hus1 the concentration of dissolved solids in the brine in mg2l is (i) ) (ii) )00 (iii) )000 (iv) )0000 >. A$$lied chlorine dose versus chlorine residual of drin7ing water is shown below. #he a$$lied chlorine dose (mg2l) needed to have a free available chlorine of 0.+ (mg2l) is (i) 0.+ (ii) 0.% (iii) 0. (iv) 1.+ L. 'rom the $revious figure1 the chlorine demand at an a$$lied chlorine dose of 1., mg2l is about (i) 1., mg2l (ii) 0., mg2l (iii) 1.0 mg2l (iv) &.& mg2l )$ %* pts' "hat is the minimum diameter of a c8lindrical C6#< needed to remove %! of a contaminant entering the reactor at a flow rate of &0 m ) 2hr? #he reaction rate constant is .02da8 and the reactor de$th should not e-ceed +.0 m. & 3$ %* pts' A reverse osmosis unit (schematicall8 shown below) is to desalinate 1001000 gal of brac7ish water $er da8. #he membrane mass transfer coefficient is 0.0)% psi d ft gal & 1 the $ressure difference between the feed and the $roduct water is )%0 $si1 and the osmotic $ressure difference between the feed and the $roduct water is +% $si. A. "hat is the re@uired area (ft & ) of the membrane? 0. "hat is the concentration (mg2l) of dissolved solids in the brine? ) 'eedA BfC1001000 gal2d CfC 101000 mg2l ProductA B$C(01000 gal2d C$C &%0 mg2l 0rine *$ %5 pts' <esults of water anal8sis are $resented in the following me@2l bar gra$h. Answer the following @uestions a. #he total hardness of the water in mg2l as CaC.) is b. #he al7alinit8 of the water in mg2l as CaC.) is Lime and soda-ash treatment is selected to reduce hardness to $ractical limits. Answer the following @uestionsA c. #he amount of lime (mg2l) needed is d. #he amount of soda ash (mg2l) needed is e. #he concentration of Da (mg2l) in the treated water is + C.& Ca EE 5g EE Da E > E Cl - 4C.) - 6.+ -- ).& +.( 0 0.), %.& +.% %.& &.& ).( 5$ %* pts' :n a sor$tion isotherm e-$eriment1 1.% g activated carbon is mi-ed with %0 ml meth8lene blue solution with a concentration of (0 mg2l. After e@uilibrium1 the concentration of meth8lene blue in the solution was found to be )+ mg2l. Assuming no adsor$tion of meth8lene blue on the container walls and that sor$tion is linear. "hat is the value and units of the e@uilibrium sor$tion distribution coefficient (>)? +$ %* pts' A single-stage tric7ling filter receives wastewater with a 0.D of &&0 mg2l. #he filter is 1*0-ft in diameter and (-ft-dee$. #he design flow rate is &.0 mgd. Calculate the effluent 0.D if the wastewater tem$erature is &% o C. % BC&.0 mgd 0.DC &&0 mg2l BC&.0 mgd 0.DC ? mg2l <ecirculated flowC 0.% mgd 7$ %5 pts' #he schematic diagram below shows $art of a wastewater treatment $lant. #he $rimar8 settling tan7 removes )0! 0.D and ,0! sus$ended solids (66) while the biological treatment removes 0! 0.D and 0! 66. #he characteristics of the wastewater are indicated at $oint A. A. #he $rimar8 settling tan7 is usuall8 designed assuming (i) #8$e : settling (ii) #8$e :: settling (iii) #8$e ::: settling (iv) #8$e :F settling 0. #he sus$ended solids (mg2l) entering the aeration tan7 ($oint 0) is a$$ro-imatel8 (i) 100 (ii) &)*% (iii) &%10 (iv) 10100 C. #he e-$ected 0.D (mg2l) at $oint D (i) 1*-&% (ii) &*-)% (iii) /ero (iv) above )% D. "hat is the food-to-microorganisms ratio inside the aeration tan7? 3. "hat is the sludge age?
, < C)0! B C +00 m ) 2d 0.D%C)%0 mg2l 66C&%0 mg2l Primar8 settling tan7 Aeration tan7 FC&1%m ) 6econdar8 settling tan7 "aste sludgeC (m ) 2d 0 C D 3 66C101000 mg2l A