Chap. in. PAINTING, GILDING, ETC.

Ta*
Paperhanging.
227"(?. With painting is often connected the practice of paperlianging by the same
artificer. The various sorts of paper used for lining walls may be described as follows:
Block printed by hand, a process now seldom done. Machico printed, of great variety.
Flocks, the pattern being formed by a wool ground to a fine powder and fixed to the
paper by a siicky oil. Raised flocks; patent embossed flocks
;
imitation leather, of which
the new Coriacene is an example. WooUams and Co. were the original makers of
non-arsenical papers. They are also niHUufactiirers of patent embossed flock papers,
embossed imitation leather paper, and raised flock papers for painting over. Arsenical
green in printed papers is considered injurious to health, from its flaking off" in light
particles, and floating in the air, when it is taken into the lungs while breathing.
This colour may be at once detected by placing a few drops of ammonia on it, whereby
the green will be chcinged into a deep blue.
1211(1. The methods of manufacturing marble, granite, and wainscot wall papers, is
well described in the Builder for 1865, p. 912, and which need not be here entered upon.
'lllle. It may be mentioned that papers are printed 12 yards in length, such a length
being called a piece, and 1 foot 8 inches wide ;
hence 1 yard in length contains 5 feet
superficial
;
therefore, any number of superficial feet divided by 60 (the length 36x1 ft.
8 ins.) will give the number of pieces -wanted for the work ; I piece in 7 or 8 is allowed
fnr cutting and waste to common papers, and any odd yards are allowed as a piece.
French papers contain about
4|
yards superficial per piece, being of various widths. In
best papers this allowance for waste is not enough. Borders are 12 yards or 36 feet in
each length, each being technically a dozen. A ream of printed paper of 20 quires of 24
.sheets to the quire, is equal to 28 pieces of paper, or each piece contiins 17 sheets.
Satin papers should be hung over a lining paper. The paperhauger has to provide and
hang materials required for covering damp walls.
2'lllf. Walls of rooms should always he stripped before the new paper be put up, a
pr(;ccss usually attempted to be shirked, even when charged in the estimate. In bad
common plasterer's work the setting coat often comes off" in parts with the paper and has
to be repaired. The walls are commonly prepared for papering by a coat of clearcole,
or similar material, and for better work by rubbing down, &c.
2277//.
Paperhangers' paste is made of flour, a little alum, and single size.
2277A. Tectoriuvi is stated to be a sanitary decoration for walls ; it is a fine textured
calico painted, -with the patterns printed thereon. The dado filling is made in 22, 27,
3i>,
36, and 45 inches widths. The filling 22 inches wide is either in plain oil colours, or
colours varnished, so that it can be washed with soap and water. The material is ap-
plied in the usual way as a paper ;
it checks the inroads of damp into a room. Lincrusia-
Wahon, formerly known as Muralis, the Sunbury wall decoration, is impermeable
to moisture, and has other advantages. Muraliue is one among the many washable
papers. A Sanitary paper is made of non-absorbent materials, and being printed under
a great pressure, the colouring is pressed into, and thoroughly inc irporated with, the
fibre of the paper. These papers are well adapted for sick rooms, and can be washed
with cold water. The Duro-textde is of this character, and is made 24 inches wide. W.
Cooke & Co.'s golden lustre silk paper hangings are stated to be free from all impurities.
Other Decorative Appliances and Processes.
2211i. Dit-teipper a.nd Fresco painting. Sgraffito, an ancient Italian process for external
and internal plaster work. Pargctry, or modelling in wet plaster, as carried out in the
half-timbered buildings of the 16th and 17ch centuries. Modelled fibrous plaster work,
for ceilings, &c. Marble mosaic floors. Tdc paving. Artistic joinery in dados, doors,
panelling, &c , in all woods. Chimneypieces in marble and wood. Real wood veneering
in lieu of painting and paperhanging. Xylatechnigraphy, a new and permanent process
for decorating woodwork in lieu of painting or graining. Radeke's compressed wood,
pulp. Stai7i.'>d glass and leaded lights. Embossed and painted modern Ica'her, and
Spanish leather', for walls, screens, &c. Tapestry, imitation painted or printed, for wall
hangings, stuffs for curtains, furniture coverings, &c. Pyro^ra^j/ac woodwork (par. 2173.9'.).
Marquetry (par. 2173^'.). Colour decoraton, applied to walls, continually fails. Mr.
Heaton has invented Cloisonne mosaic, a material that will take colours on the prineipld
of cloisonne work, which could be applied in panels 6 feet by 3 feet. It is a metal lining,
filled in with a coloured material, and washable.
3 B 2