NON-FI NI TE PHRASES - PRACTI CAL CLASSES 8

Adjectival/Adjective clauses
I a. Underline the adjectival clauses and state which noun they modify.
1. The thieves took two mail-bags containing registered letters.
2. I couldn't understand the instructions given in the manual.
3. There are many factors to be taken into consideration.
4. The shoes you're wearing are identical to the pair I bought yesterday.
5. The picture that hangs over the fireplace is a family heirloom.
b. Change non-finite adjectival clauses into finite ones and vice versa.
I I Explain why these sentences are incorrect and then correct them:
1. I'm doing all which I can to help her.
2. Among the students there were some who I didn't know.
3. It was the best movie which I had ever seen.
4. Tina admires the Prime Minister, that surprises me.
6. Animals, that we have made our slaves, we do not like to consider our equal.
7. He never admits his mistakes, what is very annoying.
I I I a. J oin up the information given, so that in each case you have one sentence containing
relative clauses. I f more than one relative pronoun is needed, make sure to emphasize it.
b. I n the constructed sentences underline the relative clauses and their antecedents.
1. Some people undertake long journeys. They will remember these journeys all their lives.
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2. Travellers on the Trans-Siberian railway take 8 days 4 hours on the journey. The Trans-
Siberian railway stretches from Moscow to the Pacific Ocean. During this journey there are
97 stops.
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3. The 'Indian-Pacific' railway crosses Australia from Perth on to the Indian Ocean to Sydney
on the Pacific. Its reputation is perhaps less fearsome than the Trans-Siberian.
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4. It covers a distance of 2,720 miles. Of these, 297 miles across the Nullarbor Plain are dead
straight. This is the longest straight stretch of railway in the world.
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5. These journeys appeal to a certain type of traveller. A certain type of traveller is not in a
hurry. To this type of traveller the journey, not the arrival, matters.
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6. They were, however, surface freighted over the Darien Gap. Darien Gap is between
Colombia and Panama. Here the Trans-American highway does not exist.
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Nominal/Noun clauses
I V J oin the sentences, using noun clauses, and giving alternative constructions where
indicated:
1. The sun sometimes shines in England. He seems surprised to discover this.
2. There is to be tougher action against drinking and driving. Most people welcome the fact.
3. He hadn't telephoned his girl friend. His girl friend later understood why.
4. Your bank manager won't lend you money without security. Don't run away with the idea
that he would.
5. The law student was destined for a brilliant career at the bar. This was clear to everyone.
(That...)
6. The boy should be sent to a boarding school. This was the parents' view. (The parents'
view...)
7. He says one thing in private. He does another thing in public. The two things are
inconsistent. (What...)

V Rewrite the sentences, substituting an italicized non-finite clause for the appositive
nominal clause.
1. The whole family made the decision to emigrate.
2. The chairman put forward a plan to take over other companies engaged in complementary
activities.
3. Most people would support a proposal for licensing hours in Britain to be extended.
4. I now regret having made a promise to join in the scheme.
5. How often have I made a resolution to give up smoking!