HISTORY II

History Greek Historia meaning inquiry

Study of the past and how it relates to humans
Written record of the past (human past)
Subjective view and interpretation of events,
both global and local, based on historians
experience
The Meaning of History
1. IBN KHALDUN
- Factual and speculative meaning of history
- FACTUAL : no more than information
about political events, dynasties and the
occurrences of the remote past, elegantly
presented and spaced with proverbs.
- SPECULATIVE : the attempt to get or
know the truth, subtle explanation of the
causes and origin of existing things and
knowledge of the how and why.
- Man is the most important ingredient of
history in whom everything in the world
dependes

2. JOSE RIZAL
- a peoples achievement that gives them a
sense of pride and belonging
- Disproved Spaniards accusation that the
Filipinos have an inferior or no historical
root.

3. Mahatma Gandhi
- Humanistic view of nature where man is
closely linked to history, as well as an active
participant in it.
- He believed in the power of the human spirit
to shape its environment to some extent
and thus affect the course of history
rejecting the Marxist interpretation of
history.
- Gandhi: the body might be destroyed,
but the spirit will proclaim its freedom.

4. Jawaharlal Nehru
- History is the story of mans struggle for a
living. It is not just a record of the doings of
bigmen, of kings and emperors and the
like real history should deal, not with a
few individuals here and there, but with a
people who make up a nation, who work
and by their labor produce the necessaries
and luxuries of life and who in a thousand
different ways act and react on each other
- Ang kasasayan ay hindi nakabatay isang tao
lamang bagkus ay sa collective effort ng
bawat taong miyembro ng isang pangkat.
- Mans struggle against nature, element, and
his own kind. Struggle for a living.
- He strongly expressed his resentment
against a one sided version of world history
by westerners which is largely concerned
with the Mediterranean countries, medieval
and modern history dominated.., by the
conflicts of Europe, planning the future of
Europe with the exclusion of the rest of the
world. The resentment was shared by fellow
countrymen who were forced to study so-
called histories devaluing Indians past.
Vilifying the memory of those they cherish
and glorifying achievements of British rule in
India.

CULTURE
- a way of life of a group of people in all
aspects of existence and living
- way of doing things which are distinct from
other people mga kinagisnan at patuloy na
ginagawa sa isang particular na grupo
- distinct ways that people, who live
differently, classified and represented their
experiences, and acted creatively.

Culture, or civilization is a complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law,
custom, and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society.
-Edward Taylor English Anthropologist