lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

This print-out should have 18 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices
before answering.

001 0.0 points

A cube is 1.8 feet on a side, with one corner at
the origin. What is the unit vector pointing
from the origin to the diagonally opposite
corner at location h1.8, 1.8, 1.8i?

1.8 1.8 1.8

3. h ,
,
i
3 3 3

Star

1. h0.3333, 0.3333, 0.3333i

2. h1.8, 1.8, 1.8i

Which arrow best describes the direction of

~ in going from B to C?
P
a

4. h1, 1, 1i

5. h0.7071, 0.7071, 0.7071i

6. h0, 0, 1i
f

7. h0.5774, 0.5774, 0.5774i correct

8. h1, 0, 0i

1. h

1.8 1.8 1.8

,
i
9. h ,
2 2 2

2. f

10. h0, 1, 0i

d
e

3. a
4. b correct
5. d
6. e
7. c

Explanation:
p
If ~r = hd, d, di, then |~r | = d2 + d2 + d2 =

1 1 1
~r
= h , , i.
3d2 = 3d and r
|~r|
3 3 3

Explanation:
~ is given by
We know that direction of P

002 0.0 points

A planet with a mass of 1 1023 kg travels
around a star in a nearly circular obrbit in the
xy plane as shown in the diagram. Its speed
is constant at 15000 m/s.

~ =P
~C P
~B
P

8. g .

~ B + P
~ =P
~C
P
~ C and P
~ B it
Thus, from the directions of P
follows that the correct answer is b

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

003 0.0 points
For an iterative calculation that determines a
particles trajectory of motion in the presence
of a nonconstant force, which of the following physical quantities must be updated in a
program loop (i.e., repeatedly)?
~ net
A) F
B) t
C) ~p
D) ~r
E) mparticle
1. A,C,D correct

Ib)pf y = piy
IIa)|p~f | = |~
pi |
IIb)|p~f | =
6 |~
pi |

Let R() be the range as a function of in

degrees. Then
IIIa)R() = R( + 45o )
IIIb)R() = R(90o )
1. Ia, IIb, IIIa

2. A,B,C,E

2. Ib, IIa, IIIb

3. B,C,E

3. Ia, IIa, IIIa

4. A,B,C,D

4. Ib, IIb, IIIa

5. C,D

5. Ia, IIb, IIIb

6. B,D,E

6. Ib, IIb, IIIb

7. A,B,C,D,E

7. Ib, IIa, IIIa

8. A,B,D

8. Ia, IIa, IIIb correct

9. A,D,E
10. A,B,D,E
Explanation:
An iterative calculation consists of the repeated calculation of the momentum principle
and position update. The varying quantities
~ net , ~p, and ~r .
of those equations are F
004 0.0 points
A projectile is fired at an angle (measured
from horizontal) into the air from the ground.
If the initial state is just after launch and the
final state is just before impact, which of the
following statements are correct? Neglect air
resistance.

Ia)pf x = pix

Explanation:
Ia: The horizontal momentum is constant
during projectile motion, as the only force
acting on the particle is gravity in the
direction. The correct statement for the y
component is pf y = piy .
IIa: The two statements pf x = pix and
pf y = piy q
, taken together, imply this result

since |~p| = p2x + p2y .

IIIb: It can be shown that the range forv 2 sin2
mula is given by R = i
. This funcg
tion is invariant under the transformation
90o . Another way of saying this
is that if two angles are equidistant from
45o , they will produce the same range. Such
angles are complimentary.
005

0.0 points

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

A steel safe with mass M falls onto a concrete
floor. Just before hitting the floor, its speed is
vi . It hits the floor without rebounding, and
ends up being d shorter than before. Find the
magnitude of the (average) force exerted by
the floor on the safe while it is being deformed.
You can assume this force is a constant during
the short time it takes for the safe to deform.
Ignore the effects of gravity.
1. F =
2. F =
3. F =
4. F =
5. F =
6. F =
7. F =
8. F =
9. F =
10. F =

2M vi2
d
M vi2
d
2M vi2
d2
M vi
2d2
M vi
2d
M vi
d
M vi2
2d2
M vi2
correct
2d
M vi
d2
M vi2
d2

The force then becomes

F =

M vi2
2d

Correct answer: 3.46231 1023 kg.

Explanation:
From Newtons law of gravition we have

F =

GMplanet mmass
R2

Solving for Mplanet gives

Mplanet =

M |vf vi | = F t
M vi
t

We can find the time interval using average

velocity:
vav =

d
2d
=
(vi + vf )/2
vi

006 0.0 points

Measurements show that a planets gravitational force on a mass of 1 kg near the planets
surface would be 40 N. The radius of the
planet is 7.6 105 m. Determine the mass of
the planet. Use G = 6.673 1011 Nm2 /kg2

Explanation:
Since all the movement happens along the
vertical axis, we can treat this as a onedimensional problem, with upward direction
as positive. From momentum principle, we
have~ t
~pf ~pi = F
F =

t =

d
t

F R2
(Gmmass )

Then one just plugs in given numbers, to

get the answer Mplanet = 3.46231 1023 kg
007 0.0 points
How close would another Earth have to be
to our Earth (center-to-center distance) so
that you would weigh half of your current
weight? Neglect rotation. (In the figure, FE1
is the gravitational force due to the Earth
you are standing on, FE2 is the gravitational
force due to the other Earth, and Fscale is
the normal force which measures your weight.
The condition of the problem is that Fscale =
1
FE1 .)
2

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

FE2 =

4
FE1
2

We know that

D RE

FE2

RE

GME2 m
GME1 m
=
2
2
(D RE )
2RE
Fscale

FE1

1. D = 2RE

2. D = (2 + 2)RE
s
GME
3. D =
2
RE
4. D = RE

5. D = 2 2RE
s
GME
6. D =
RE

7. D = (1 + 2)RE correct
8. D = 3RE
s
9. D =

10. D =

2
2RE
= (D RE )2

D = RE + 2RE > 2RE

We see that our result is greater than 2RE ,

so it is sensible.
008 0.0 points
You hold a tennis ball above your head,
then open your hand and release the ball,
which begins to fall. At this moment, which
statement about the gravitational forces between the Earth and the ball is correct?
I. The force on the ball by the Earth is larger
than the force on the Earth by the ball.
II. The force on the Earth by the ball is larger
than the force on the ball by the Earth.
III. The forces are equal in magnitude.
IV. The forces are not equal because the ball
is in motion and the Earth is approximately
stationary.
V. Not enough information is given.

2GME
2
RE

2GME
2
RE

1. III correct
2. II

Explanation:
For you to stand stationary on the surface
of the Earth,

3. IV

FE2 + Fscale FE1 = 0.

5. V

We are solving for your scale weight to be

half of the force you usually feel due to the
Earth.
FE2 +

FE1
FE1 = 0
2

4. I

6. None of the above

Explanation:
By Newtons third law the forces the two
objects (earth and the ball) exert on each
other are equal.

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

009 0.0 points
Suppose that all the people of the earth go
to the north pole and, on a signal, all jump
straight up. Estimate the recoil speed of the
earth. The mass of the earth is 6 1024 kg,
and there are almost 7 billion people. Assume
that the average person has a mass of 65 kg,
and each person jumps with an initial speed
of 2.6 m/s.

Correct answer: 1.97167 1013 m/s.

Mg
Explanation:
We take the system to be the people and
the earth. Since there are no external forces,
we then have:

~psys,i = ~psys,f = 0

Then, taking the system to be 1D, we have:

Two identical springs are in parallel. Each

spring has one of its ends attached to the
ceiling and its other end attached to a weight.
The mass of the springs is negligible. Consider
the situation in which the weight has a mass
M and the system is stretched by a length b.
Choose correct statements below
Mg
Ia. The stiffness of one spring is
4b
Mg
Ib. The stiffness of one spring is
2b
IIa. The amount of stretch in one spring is
b
2
IIb. The amount of stretch in one spring is
b
IIIa. The amount of force along one spring
Mg
is
2
IIIb. The amount of force along one spring
is M g.

psys,i = pEarth + ppeople

0 = pEarth + ppeople
pEarth = ppeople
mEarth vearth = N mperson vperson
1. Ia, IIb, IIIb
N mperson
|vEarth| =
|vperson |
mEarth
2. Ib, IIa, IIIb
(7 109 people)(65 kg)
=
(2.6 m/s)
6 1024 kg
3. Ia, IIb, IIIa
1.97167 1013 m/s .

4. Ia, IIa, IIIb

5. Ib, IIa, IIIa

This is about 1000 times smaller than the

diameter of 1 hydrogen atom per second.

6. Ib, IIb, IIIb

7. Ib, IIb, IIIa correct

010

0.0 points

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

8. Ia, IIa, IIIa
Explanation:
The stiffness of the 2-spring system for the
Mg
. With
present setup is by definition k =
b
the parallel setup, the force is equally shared
between the two identical springs, i.e. each
Mg
spring experiences a force of F =
. Since
2
the total stretch is given to be b, with the
parallel arrangement, each spring stretches
by the same amount. The stiffness of one
Mg
Mg
spring is 2 =
.
b
2b

we use the expression

k = Y a,
where k is the stiffness and a is the length of a
single interatomic spacing. We find the value
of a by first finding the volume of a cubic
lattice of atoms in the gold, and then taking
the cubed root.
Converting the given quantities into the
necessary units, we find that the density and
the molar mass of gold are
= 19300 kg/m3
M = 0.197 kg/mol ,

011 0.0 points

A hanging wire made of gold with diameter
0.09 cm is initially 2 m long and a cubic atomic
structure. When a 61 kg mass is hung from it,
the wire stretches an amount 1.13 cm. A mole
(NA = 6.02 1023 atoms) of gold has a mass
of 197 g/mol, and its density is 19.3 g/cm3 .
Use g = 9.8 m/s2 .
Based on these experimental measurements, find the approximate value of the effective spring stiffness of one interatomic bond
in gold.

Taking the cubed root of the volume gives

the interatomic spacing, so the spring stiffness
of one interatomic bond is

Correct answer: 42.7271 N/m.

k=Y a

Explanation:
Let M be the weight of the mass hung from
the wire, let d be the diameter of the wire,
and let l and x be the original length of the
wire and the amount by which it stretches,
respectively. The tension in the wire is equal
to the weight of the hanging mass, since the
wires mass is negligible.
Therefore, using the definition of Youngs
modulus, and letting
F L
A L
4M g l
=
d2 x


4(61 kg)(9.8 m/s2 )
2m
=
(0.09 cm)2
1.13 cm
= 1.66315 1011 N/m2 .

respectively. Now the volume of a cubic lattice of atoms is given by

V = 19300 kg/m

3 1

(0.197 kg/mol)

= 1.69556 1029 m3 .

1 mol
NA

= Y V 1/3
= (1.66315 1011 N/m2 )(1.69556 1029 m3 )1/3
= 42.7271 N/m .

012 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points

Consider two blocks of masses m1 and m3 ,
connected by a rigid rod (i.e., it does not get
stretched or compressed) of mass m2 , sitting
on a frictionless surface. The block m1 is
pushed by a horizontal constant force F .

Y =

To find the stiffness of an interatomic bond,

F
m2
m3

m1

What is the acceleration of the combined

system?

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

1. a =
2. a =
3. a =
4. a =
5. a =
6. a =
7. a =
8. a =
9. a =
10. a =

(m1 + m2 )F
m1 + m2 + m3
(m2 + m3 )F
m1 + m2 + m3
F
F
F
+
+
m1 m2 m3
F
F
+
m1 + m2 m3
m3 F
m1 + m2 + m3
F
m2 + m3
F
correct
m1 + m2 + m3
m23 F
(m1 + m2 + m3 )2
F
m1 + m2
F
F
+
m1 m2 + m3

5. F23 =
6. F23 =
7. F23 =
8. F23 =
9. F23 =
10. F23 =

013 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points

What is the force on the rod due to the block
of mass m3 ?
(m2 + m3 )F
m1 + m2 + m3
(m1 + m2 )F
=
m1 + m2 + m3
F
=
m2 + m3
F
F
F
+
+
=
m1 m2 m3

m23 F
(m1 + m2 + m3 )2
m3 F
correct
m1 + m2 + m3
F
m1 + m2 + m3
F
F
+
m1 + m2 m3
F
F
+
m1 m2 + m3
F
m1 + m2

Explanation:
From the free body diagram of the mass
m3 , we observe that there is only one force
F32 (force on m3 due to m2 ) accelerating the
mass. Therefore,

F32 =

Explanation:
Since all the masses move together, we can
find this answer by simply writing down the
momentum principle:
~ net = d~p
F
dt
F = mtotal a
= (m1 + m2 + m3 ) a
F
a=
m1 + m2 + m3

m3 F
= F23
m1 + m2 + m3

014

0.0 points

Consider a toy car which moves to the right

(positive direction) on a horizontal surface
along a straight line.
car
v
+

Which acceleration-time graph corresponds

to the motion of the car if it moves toward the
right, while slowing down at a steady rate.

1. F23 =
2. F23
3. F23
4. F23

a
1.

correct

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

a
t

2.

13.6 m/s passes the car.

As the cars velocity increases, it will eventually move faster than the truck and later
overtake it. How far from the light will the
car catch up with the truck?
Correct answer: 94.3673 m.

a
t

3.

Explanation:
Let :

a
t

4.

vt = 13.6 m/s and

ac = 3.92 m/s2 .

Let t = 0 and x = 0 be when the light turns

green.
1
x = x0 + v0 t + a t2
2
The truck moves at constant velocity, so

xt = vt t
t

5.

while the car accelerates, so

xc =

a
t

a
8.

ac
t2 .
2

The car overtakes the truck when

6. None of these graphs is correct.

7.

xt = xc
1
vt t = a t2
2
2 vt = a t
2 vt
2 (13.6 m/s)
t=
=
= 6.93878 s .
a
3.92 m/s2
Thus the position will be

Explanation:
Since the car slows down, the acceleration
is in the opposite direction to the velocity.
015 0.0 points
A car capable of a constant acceleration of
3.92 m/s2 is stopped at a traffic light. When
the light turns green, the car starts from rest
with this acceleration. At the very same moment, a truck traveling with constant velocity

x = vt t = (13.6 m/s) (6.93878 s) = 94.3673 m .

016 0.0 points
A cat chases a mouse across a 1.5 m high
table. The mouse steps out of the way, and
the cat slides off the table and strikes the floor
2.9 m from the edge of the table.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .
What was the cats speed when it slid off
the table?
Correct answer: 5.24411 m/s.
Explanation:

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

Basic Concept:

9
b

velocity (m/s)

x = vx t
1
y = g (t)2
2
Given:

bb

3
2
1
0 bb

y = 1.5 m
x = 2.9 m
g = 9.81 m/s2 .

4 5
time (s)

b
6 7

2
3

Solution:
t =

The acceleration during the first 2 seconds

x
2 y
=
g
vx

is
3 m/s 0 m/s
v
=
t
2s0s
2
= 1.5 m/s .

a=
vx =
=

g
x
2y

The position at 2 seconds is 10 m plus the

area of the triangle (shaded above)

(9.81 m/s2 )
(2.9 m)
2 (1.5 m)

= 5.24411 m/s .

x = 10 m +
= 13 m ;

velocity (m/s)

017 0.0 points

Consider the plot describing motion along a
straight line with an initial position of 10 m.
b
4
b
3
2
1
0 b

however, it can also be calculated:

1
a (tf ti )2
2
= 10 m + (0 m/s) (2 s 0 s)
1
+ (1.5 m/s2 )(2 s 0 s)2
2
= 13 m .

x = xi + vi (tf ti ) +

The acceleration during the second time

interval is

1
2

v
4 m/s 3 m/s
=
t
6s2s
2
= 0.25 m/s .

a=

3
4

1
(2 s 0 s)(3 m/s 0 m/s)
2

4 5 6 7
time (s)
What is the position at 9 seconds?
Correct answer: 21 m.
Explanation:

b
9

The position at 6 seconds is 13 m plus the

area of the trapezoid
x = 13 m +
= 27 m ;

1
(6 s 2 s)(4 m/s + 3 m/s)
2

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

10

however it can also be calculated:

1
x = xi + vi (tf ti ) + a (tf ti )2
2
= 13 m + (3 m/s) (6 s 2 s)
1
+ (0.25 m/s2 )(6 s 2 s)2
2
= 27 m .

Correct answer: 62.2725 .

Explanation:
Let : m1
v1
m2
v2

The acceleration during the third time interval is

v
4 m/s 0 m/s
=
t
9s6 s
= 1.33333 m/s2 .

= 800 kg ,
= 100 km/h ,
= 2000 kg , and
= 76.1 km/h .

a=

Finally the position at 9 seconds is 27 m

plus the area of the triangle
x = 27 m +
= 21 m ;

1
a (tf ti )2
2
= 27 m + (0 m/s) (9 s 6 s)
1
+ (1.33333 m/s2 )(9 s 6 s)2
2
= 21 m .

x = xi + vi (tf ti ) +

018 0.0 points

An 800 kg car skidding due north on a level
frictionless icy road at 100 km/h collides with
a 2000 kg car skidding due east at 76.1 km/h
in such a way that the wreckage sticks together and skid as shown in the picture.

76.1 km/h

vf

2000 kg
100 km/h

pf = mf vf

p2
N

m2 v2

1
(9 s 6 s)(4 m/s 0 m/s)
2

however it can also be calculated:

p1

m1 v1

During the collision, the total momentum

of the two car system will be conserved:
~pf = ~p1 + ~p2
= m1 ~v1 + m2 ~v2
pf x + pf y = m1 v1 + m2 v2 .
Looking at the x and y components of momentum,
pf x = m2 v2
= (2000 kg) (76.1 km/h)
 3 

10 m
1h

km
3600 s
= 42277.8 kg m/s , and
pf y = m1 v1
= (800 kg) (100 km/h)

 3 
1h
10 m

km
3600 s
= 22222.2 kg m/s .

800 kg
Since we are asked to find the angle from the
y-axis instead of the x,

At what angle East of North do the two

coupled cars skid?

tan =

pf x
pf y

lee (akl723) Test 1 Review florin (57850)

42277.8 kg m/s
22222.2 kg m/s
= 1.9025 

42277.8 kg m/s
= arctan
22222.2 kg m/s

= 62.2725 .
=

11