HW 2

sorto (bs32355) HW 02 orin (58445) 1
This print-out should have 24 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering.
001 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
At t
i
= 16.1 s, an object with mass 4 kg was
observed to have a velocity of
v
i
= 9, 28, 10 m/s.
At t
f
= 16.5 s, its velocity was
v
f
= 19, 19, 25 m/s.
What was the average (vector) net force act-
ing on the object? Start by nding the x
component, F
avg,net
x
. Answer in N.
Correct answer: 100 N.
Explanation:
Recall the momentum principle:
p =

F
net
t,
which implies that
F
net
=
p
t
.
Lets use this expression to carry out the vec-
tor algebra for all three components:
F
avg,net
=
p
t
=
p
f
p
i
t
f
t
i
=
m
v
f
v
i
16.5 s 16.1 s
=
(4 kg)10, 9, 35 m/s
0.4 s
= 100, 90, 350 N.
Find F
avg,net
y
. Answer in N.
Explanation:
See the explanation for part 1.
Find F
avg,net
z
. Answer in N.
Explanation:
See the explanation for part 1.
In outer space a rock of mass 6 kg is acted on
by a constant net force
F
net
= 28, 13, 40 N,
during a 5 s time interval. At the end of this
time interval, the rock has a velocity of
v
f
= 114, 94, 112 m/s.
Find the initial velocity of the rock. Start by
nding the x component, v
i,x
.
Correct answer: 90.6667 m/s.
Explanation:
Lets go ahead and do the vector algebra to
solve for all three components. We can derive
an expression for the initial velocity from the
Momentum Principle:
F
net
t = p
= mv
= mv
f
mv
i
v
i
=v
f

F
net
m
t
= 114, 94, 112 m/s
28, 13, 40 N
6 kg
(5 s)
= 90.6667, 104.833, 78.6667 m/s .
Find v
i,y
.
Explanation:
See the explanation to part 1.
sorto (bs32355) HW 02 orin (58445) 2
Find v
i,z
..
Explanation:
See the explanation to part 1.
On a straight road (taken to be in the +x
direction) you drive for an hour at
v
1,x
= 40 km/h,
then quickly speed up to
v
2,x
= 105 km/h
and drive for an additional two hours. How
far do you go (x)?
Correct answer: 250 km.
Explanation:
To nd the total distance traveled, we have
to consider the two speeds separately:
x = v
1,x
t
1
+ v
2,x
t
2
= (40 km/h)(1 h) + (105 km/h)(2 h)
= 250 km .
What is your average x component of velocity
(v
avg,x
)?
Correct answer: 83.3333 km/h.
Explanation:
The denition of average velocity is change
in position divided by change in time. This
can be thought of as a weighted average, i.e.,
consider the two speeds and how long the car
spent at each speed:
v
avg,x
=
v
1,x
t
1
+ v
2,x
t
2
t
1
+ t
2
=
(40 km/h)(1 h) + (105 km/h)(2 h)
2 h + 1 h
= 83.3333 km/h .
Is v
avg,x
equal to the arithmetic average of
your initial and nal values of v
x
?
1. Yes
2. No correct
Explanation:
As we can see, they are not equal:
v
arith,x
=
40 km/h + 105 km/h
2
= 72.5 km/h .
Consider the block in the diagram. Initially,
the block has momentum p. Then the force
F
net
is applied. A short time after that, we
observe the system. What happens to the
magnitude of p a short time after the force
F
net
is applied?
p
F
net
1. |p| stays the same
2. |p| starts to decrease
3. |p| starts to increase correct
Explanation:
By the Momentum Principle, when a force
is applied, there is change in momentum.
Since the force here is applied in the same di-
rection as the original momentum, the blocks
momentum in that direction increases.
What happens to the direction of the blocks
momentum a short time after we observe it?
sorto (bs32355) HW 02 orin (58445) 3
1. The new direction is opposite from the
old one (anti-parallel).
2. The direction changes to a new direction
not parallel to the original.
3. The direction stays the same. correct
Explanation:
The force is in the same direction as the
original momentum, so in this case the mo-
mentum vector remains pointed in the same
direction.
F
net
F
net
is applied?
p
F
net
1. |p| starts to decrease correct
3. |p| starts to increase
Explanation:
By the Momentum Principle, when a force
is applied, there is change in momentum.
Since the force here is applied in the op-
posite direction as the original momentum,
the blocks momentum in that direction de-
creases.
momentum a short time after we observe it,
assuming that

F
net
t <p
not parallel to the original.
3. The direction stays the same. correct
Explanation:
The force is in the direction opposite from
the original momentum, but what happens
just after the force is applied is that the mag-
nitude of the momentum decreases. That
means the vector still has the same direction,
just grows shorter in length.
F
net
F
net
is applied?
p
F
net
2. |p| starts to decrease
3. |p| starts to increase correct
Explanation:
The original momentum is along the hor-
izontal axis. Since the force here is applied
along the vertical axis, the block feels a change
in momentum along the vertical axis. The
total momentum is the vector sum of both
the horizontal and vertical components. This
means that the magnitude will increase.
sorto (bs32355) HW 02 orin (58445) 4
momentum a short time after we observe it?
not parallel to the original. correct
3. The direction stays the same.
Explanation:
The applied force is perpendicular to the
original momentum, so the new momentum
will not only have a rightward horizontal com-
ponent (in the +x direction, if you like), but
it will also have a downward component (in
the y direction). Therefore the total mo-
mentum vector will point downward and to
the right, so it will be in a new direction not
parallel (or antiparallel) to the original.
At time 6 s, a car with mass 1700 kg is lo-
cated at 94 m, 0 m, 30 m and has momentum
4500 kg m/sec, 0 kg m/sec, 3000 kg m/sec .
The cars momentum is not changing. At time
18 s, nd the position of the car:
d = d
x
, d
y
, d
z
What is d
x
in meters?
Correct answer: 125.765 m.
Explanation:
Since the momentum is constant and much
less than the speed of light, the momentum is
equal to :
p = mv .
This means the velocity of the car is simply
equal to the momentum of the car divided by
the cars mass:
v =
p
m
This means that the nal position of the car
is given by the initial position of the car plus
the distance the extra distance the car travels
during the time interval which is nothing more
than the velocity times the time:
d =
d
i
+
p
m
T
= d
i
x
, d
i
y
, d
i
z
+
p
x
, p
y
, p
z
m
T
This leads to the distance in the x direction:
d
x
= (94 m) +
(4500 kg m/sec)
(1700 kg)
(18 s 6 s)
= 125.765 m
What is d
y
in meters?
Correct answer: 0 m.
Explanation:
See answer 1 but in the y direction:
d
y
= (0 m) +
(0 kg m/sec)
(1700 kg)
(18 s 6 s)
= 0 m
What is d
z
in meters?
Correct answer: 8.82353 m.
Explanation:
See answer 1 but in the z direction:
d
z
= (30 m) +
(3000 kg m/sec)
(1700 kg)
(18 s 6 s)
= 8.82353 m
019 10.0 points
A proton of mass m
p
is moving along the - z
direction and undergoes a change in its speed
from 0.994c to 0.998c. What is the magnitude
and direction of the impulse acting on the
proton?
1. 0.004m
p
c along -z
2. 0.004m
p
c along + z
3. 8.1m
p
c along + x
sorto (bs32355) HW 02 orin (58445) 5
4. 5.2m
p
c along + z
5. 6.7m
p
c along + z
6. 6.7m
p
c along -z correct
7. 8.1m
p
c along -z
8. 5.2m
p
c along - y
Explanation:
Let : m
p
= 1.7 10
27
kg ,
v
1
= 0.994 c ,
v
2
= 0.998 c , and
c = 3 10
8
m/s .
=
1
1
v
2
c
2
, so
1
=
1
1
(0.994 c)
2
c
2
= 9.14243 and
2
=
1
1
(0.998 c)
2
c
2
= 15.8193 .
We use the formulae for the impulse and
the momentum
Impulse = p
f
p
i
=
p
f
p
i
(z)
Momentum = mv
Thus
I =
(
2
v
2

1
v
1
)
c
m
p
c
=
(15.8193) (0.998 c)
c
m
p
c
(9.14243) (0.994 c)
c
m
p
c
= 6.7 m
p
c .
020 10.0 points
A charged particle is acted upon by a
force of magnitude 120N over a time
t. Given that the initial momentum is
(15, 10, 0) kg.m/s and that the nal momen-
tum is (20, 20, 10) kg.m/s, nd t and the
force F(in Newtons).
1. 0.125s, (40, 80, 80) N correct
2. 0.25s, (20, 40, 40) N
3. 0.25s, (20, 40, 40) N
4. 0.125s, (40, 80, 80) N
5. 0.125s, (40, 80, 80) N
6. 0.125s, (80, 40, 40) N
7. 0.125s, (80, 40, 80) N
Explanation:
Given that
p
i
= (15, 10, 0) kg.m/s
p
f
= (20, 20, 10) kg.m/s
|F| = 120N
We use the formula for the magnitude of
the impulse
= | p
f
p
i
| = |
F| t
t =
| p
f
p
i
|
F|
= 0.125s
F =
p
f
p
i
t
= (40, 80, 80) N
sorto (bs32355) HW 02 orin (58445) 6
021 10.0 points
A ball moves in the direction of the arrow
labeled d in the following diagram. The ball is
struck by a stick that briey exerts a force on
the ball in the direction of the arrow labeled
g. Which arrow best describes the direction
of p, the change in the balls momentum?
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
1. h
2. f
3. c
4. g correct
5. d
6. b
7. e
8. a
Explanation:
Recall the denition of impulse:
Impulse =

F
net
t = p.
Therefore, whatever direction the net force
points in, that will be the direction of the
change in the balls momentum. We are told
that the force is in the direction of g, so that
is the correct answer.
022 10.0 points
The instant before a squishy ball of mass m
hits a horizontal oor and comes to rest in
time t it has momentum p = p
0
.
What average force does the oor exert on
the ball in order to stop it during this time
interval?
1.
2 p
0
t
2.
p
0
t
3. Zero, since the ball would have to stop

anyway.
4.
p
0
2 t
5.
p
0
t
i +
6.
p
0
t
correct
7.
p
0
2 t
i +
Explanation:
The ball comes to rest in the time t,
and will then have a zero momentum, so the
change in momentum is
p = p
f
p
i
= p
0
.
Impulse is
F
avg
t = p
F
avg
=
p
t
=
p
0
t
.
023 10.0 points
An electron traveling at a speed of 0.99 c en-
counters a region where there is a constant
electric force directed opposite to its momen-
tum. After traveling 5 m in this region, the
electrons speed was observed to decrease to
0.94 c. What was the magnitude of the elec-
tric force acting on the electron? The mass of
the electron is 9.11 10
31
kg and the speed
of light is 2.998 10
8
m/s.
Correct answer: 6.80881 10
14
N.
Explanation:
Since the system is 1D, we can just do scalar
multiplication for calculating the work done
by the electric force. Since the electric force is
sorto (bs32355) HW 02 orin (58445) 7
directed opposite to the particles momentum,
the total work done by the electric force over
a distance d would be given by:
W = |F
E
| d
Since the work done is equal to the change
in energy, we have:
W =E
|F
E
| d =
f
m
e
c
2

i
m
e
c
2
|F
E
| =
1
d
(
f

i
)m
e
c
2
=
1
d
(
i

f
)m
e
c
2
= 6.80881 10
14
N .
where
i
=
1
0.99 c
c
2
,
for instance.
024 10.0 points
A(n) 980 kg drag race car accelerates from
rest to 112 km/h in 1.1 s.
What average net force is exerted on the
car?
Correct answer: 27717.2 N.
Explanation:
Let : m = 980 kg and
v
f
= 112 km/h = 31.1111 m/s .
Since we are looking for the average force, we
can simply nd the average acceleration and
use the Momentum Principle as
F
av
= ma
We use the kinematic equation for the av-
erage acceleration
v
f
= v
0
+ a
av
t
a = v
f
/t
F
av
=
mv
f
t
=
(980 kg)(31.1111 m/s)
1.1 s
= 27717.2 N
Alternately, we can use the change in mo-
mentum, dened as
p = m v
= (980 kg) (31.1111 m/s 0 m/s)
= 30488.9 kg m/s .
Let : t = 1.1 s .
Momentum and impulse are related by
p = F
av
t ,
so
F
av
=
p
t
=
30488.9 kg m/s
1.1 s
= 27717.2 N .

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sorto (bs32355) HW 02 orin (58445) 1

This print-out should have 24 questions.

3. Zero, since the ball would have to stop

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