Tire Technology Expo Conference Programme Update

11, 12, 13 FEBRUARY 2014 KLN MESSE, COLOGNE, GERMANY
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Tire Technology Expo Conference has grown in importance and
scale every year and is now set for the BEST EVER series of
programmes and speakers in 2014.
Said by many participants to be simply the best tire industry event, it has the
added benefit of 200+ exhibitors in two exhibition halls, plus the must-attend
Tire Technology International Annual Awards and Gala Dinner. Join hundreds of
colleagues from all over the world. Get the dates in your diary and your visa
applications in NOW!
Tire Technology Expo Conference rates Price + 19% German VAT
Tire Technology Expo Conference 1-day pass 575
Tire Technology Expo Conference 2-day pass 925
Tire Technology Expo Conference 3-day pass 1,245
Main conference is 11, 12, 13 February. You can book one- or two-day courses PLUS two days of main conference as a package, cost 1,475; or
three days main conference PLUS an optional one-day course at 1,475. For other options please email mark.fenner@ukipme.com.
PLEASE NOTE Conference and Short Course passes are valid for FREE ENTRY into the exhibition on ALL DAYS
Optional Short Course
Price + 19%
German VAT
Dates
Akron Tire Mechanics Short Course 4-day pass 1,475 10-13 February
Intelligent Vehicle and Tire Systems for Energy Efficiency and Safety Course 3-day pass 1,245 10-12 February
Rubber Materials Short Course 2-day pass 925 10-11 February
Basic Rubber Compounding Course 2-day pass 925 10-11 February
Tire Mathematical Modelling Course 1-day pass 575 10 February
Tire Regulation Short Course 1-day pass 575 10 February
Combined Tire Conference + one 1-day or 2-day course only 1,475
DAY 1 TUESDAY 11 FEBRUARY
09:00 - 09:20
THE ROBERT WILLIAM THOMSON LECTURE
Eric-Philippe Vinesse, pre-development director, Michelin,
09:20 - 13:00
A LOOK AT FUTURE TRENDS IN TIRE TECHNOLOGY
Moderator: Michael Staude, product line manager tires/
wheels, TUV SUD Automotive GmbH, Germany
09:20 Challenges in the U UHP segment
Dr Burkhard Wies, vice president Tire Line
Development Worldwide, Continental, Germany
Tall and narrow tire sizes: the new ECO UHP segment,
U UHP tires and specifc demands on grip and
handling. Plus 1 inch up concept for winter tires.
09:45 Indirect TPMS and its market acceptance
Bernd Schuchhardt, general director,
Dunlop Tech GmbH, Germany
Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd (SRI) introduced
their indirect TPMS into the world market during the
second half of 2012.Tis product supports the SRI
approach towards green and safe mobility through
the development of the 100% fossil resource-free tires,
run-on-fat tires and the instant mobility system.
Te SRI indirect TPMS system will be presented
by Dunlop Tech, a subsidiary of SRI in Europe.
10:10 Optimising tire infation
pressure for vehicle performance
Maelle Dodu, research engineer, Jaguar Land Rover, UK
Te tire, with its contact patch, is the only link
between the vehicle and the ground and, as such,
plays a fundamental role in almost all the vehicle
attributes. During a new vehicle development, the
tire is designed and tuned to reach a specifc balance
between these diferent vehicle attributes. Tis balance
of performances is defned to ft with the OEM brand
aspirations and the vehicle market positioning.
However, one parameter can dramatically alter this
hard-to-achieve balance: the tire infation pressure.
Tis presentation will show how an OEM can make
the best use of it for improved vehicle performance.
10:35 Does the tire label lead
to an informed decision?
Fazilet Cinaralp, secretary general, ETRMA, Belgium
No other car components must meet such complex
requirements as the tire. Almost 18 months have
passed since the label appeared on the market.
Te label is an additional purchase aid. Did it
achieve its target? What are the lessons so far?
11:00-11:20 Break
11:20 Truck tires supporting lowest overall
driving costs in transport business
Dr Boris Mergell, vice president Product Development
Commercial Vehicle Tires, Continental AG, Germany
Te presentation will discuss ways of minimising the
driving cost of trucks by improvements in mileage,
rolling resistance, material lifecycle (retreading
and recycling) and tire pressure monitoring. It
will also cover application/customer-specifc
requirement books impacting tire design and applied
technologies, plus 2025 targets with respect to
mileage, rolling resistance, load index and material
lifecycle based on future transport concepts.
11:45 Energy harvesting using
piezoelectric materials
Prof Chris Bowen, professor of Materials,
University of Bath, UK
Te continuing need for reduced power requirements
for small electronic components, such as wireless
sensor networks, has prompted renewed interest
in recent years for energy harvesting technologies
capable of capturing energy from ambient
vibrations. Tis presentation provides an overview
of piezoelectric harvesting systems in examples
of modelling and experimental investigations of
a bistable piezoelectric energy harvester, where
its non-linearity enables broadband operation.
Power levels that are signifcant in the context of
wireless sensor networking are demonstrated.
12:10 Prospects for extended mobility
systems: runfat tires and repair kits
Paul Ita, president, Notch Consulting Inc, USA
Tis paper will examine current demand
and future prospects for extended mobility
systems as the full-size spare tire is phased
out of new cars. Focus is on prospects for tire
repair kits, runfat tires and mini-spares.
12:35 Future tire production
principles and methods
Jacob Peled, executive chairman,
Pelmar Engineering Ltd, Israel
Te tire industry is a mature industry that has
not changed for 110 years. We are starting to see
dramatic changes in production methods and the
product itself, true now also for of-highway tires.
Hands-free production and components preparation
are already in limited use. Future production halls
will not only be smaller, but will lack calendering
and tread extrusion lines. Compounding will be
done elsewhere as a dedicated, generic product
in the same way as moulds, drums and other
tooling have disappeared from most advanced
tire manufacturers. Handling and transportation,
sorting and storing, all will be automated.
13:00 - 14:00 Lunch
10:00 - 16:05
NEW POLYMERS FOR TIRES,
SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL
Moderator, Dr Lothar Stegar, consultant,
Lanxess - TRP, Germany
10:00 Functionalised SSBR technology
in tire tread application
Fu Lin, R&D manager, TSRC Corporation, Taiwan
TSRC Corporation has developed its own technology
to functionalise the SSBR polymer chain to combine
strongly with silica fller to achieve superior fller
dispersion. Tis leads to lower rolling resistance. TSRC
has successfully developed six types of functionalised
SSBR that can satisfy various performance
requirements of green tires, UHP tires and snow tires.
10:25 Innovation in anti-ozonants
Tom Croft, Rubber Chemicals, Addivant, USA
Te paper will talk about the latest Addivant
development in the area of anti-ozonants.
10:50 Evaluation of a new concept
for SSBR functionalisation
Dr Norbert Steinhauser, head R&D Anionic Polymerization,
Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Germany
Te introduction of tire labelling in diferent regions
gave fresh impetus to the use of functionalised
SSBR. Functionalised SSBR in tire tread compounds
allows for the reduction of rolling resistance without
having negative efects on other important properties
such as wet grip and wear. A new concept for SSBR
functionalisation is presented, which enables not only
the interaction of the functionalised polymer chain
ends with the silica fller, but ofers the possibility for
the largely molecular-weight-independent adjustment
of Mooney viscosity and cold fow for the raw polymer.
11:15 Branching content of polybutadienes:
linear rheology and beyond
Dr Saeid Kheirandish, processing expert,
Determining the exact structure of raw polymers
used in tire compounds has proved to be an essential,
yet elusive, task within the tire industry. It is known,
for example, that changes in polymer branching
can cause signifcant changes in the polymer-fller
interaction, afecting compound behavior during
processing. We will show that a combination of
rheological methods (van Gurp- Palmen method
from dynamic mechanical tests as well non-linear
rheology) can be used to obtain a picture of polymer
structure. Using this fundamental knowledge it is then
possible to explain the intermediate phase morphology
and behaviour of compounds during processing.
11:40 Easy-processing NdBR grades
for high-performance tires
Dr Heike Kloppenburg, head of R&D Ziegler-Natta
Polymerization, Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Germany
NdBR is the most promising polybutadiene grade for
high-performance tires, with superior properties such
as rolling resistance or abrasion compared with Co- or
NiBR. So far, the processibility of these high molecular
weight polymers has been a challenge to tire producers.
New NdBR grades Buna Nd22EZ and Buna Nd24EZ
are modifed in the macrostructure by a specifc long
chain branching for improved mixing and extrusion
behaviour. Te additional backbone modifcation
improves the polymer-polymer and polymer-fller
interaction. Te new Nd EZ grades equal or even
outperform the similar standard Mooney NdBR
grades, especially when economic mixing is preferred.
12:05 Validation of functionalised SSBR-
containing tread compounds in tires
Alex Lucassen, technical marketing
manager, Lanxess PBR, Germany
Infuenced by market forces, tires have had to improve
in properties such as traction, handling, RRc and
wear. One of the tools to improve the trade-of
in tire properties is the use of functionalised (fx)
SSBR in silica-containing tread formulations. In
the presented study, several fx SSBR are tested in
real tires. Compound properties and tire results are
presented as RRc, dry, wet handling and wear. It will
be shown that Lanxess fx SSBR will widen the trade-of
envelope in the classic tire silica tread compounding.
12:30 - 14:30 Lunch
14:30 Polymer development for
sustainable product design
Shigenao Kuwahara, technical manager,
Kuraray Europe GmbH, Germany
Kuraray has developed a series of liquid rubbers with
molecular weights ranging from 8,000 to 50,000.
Tese polymers, which consist of isoprene, butadiene
and styrene, can be used by rubber processors to
achieve improvements in properties and processing.
Liquid rubbers can be used for a wide range of
applications including rubber goods, adhesives,
automotive/construction sealants and others. Te
main application of Kuraray liquid rubber (KLR)
is in rubber goods, particularly tire compounds.
KLR can be used for various parts of the tire,
including tread, carcass, sidewall and bead fller.
14:55 Performance of NOVARES
hydrocarbon resins in green tires
Dr Jun Liu, manager Application Technology,
Rtgers Novares GmbH, Germany
NOVARES resins are used in the tire tread where
they improve grip performance at a comparable level
of rolling resistance. Tey ofer high aromaticity at
a low PAH content. Tese resins are also used in
technical rubber goods such as conveyor belts, special
rubber moulded articles, hoses and tubes. Tey are
most commonly used as tackifer, dispersing agent
and homogeniser. With innovative products, logistic
concepts and high fexibility we set a standard in
our industries. Te NOVARES delivery programme
covers a broad range of diferent resins not only for
tires but also for the adhesives and coatings industry.
15:20 Sequence of Nanoprene
addition for tread improvement
Dr Lothar Steger, consultant, Lanxess-HPE, Germany
Nanoprene addition during mixing is very
important for tread performance. We found a lot of
improvement in wet grip only with the Nanoprene
sequential addition. We tested Nanoprene M20
in a summer tread, Nanoprene B M75OH in a
winter tread and Nanoprene M20/B M75OH
in an Arctic winter tire tread compound.
15:45 Titanium butadiene rubber at
Sibur past and perspectives
Arthur Rakhmatullin, R&D director, Sibur, Russia
Te presentation is dedicated to BR-Ti and
perspectives of development and application.
16:10 Synthetic rubber new
products development at Sibur
Arthur Rakhmatullin, R&D director, Sibur, Russia
Te presentation is dedicated to the process and
results of developing and realising the technology
of next-generation SSBR and BR-Nd.
10:00 - 17:00
TIRE MANUFACTURING
Moderator, Mike Norman, sales director
Asia, VMI-Group, Netherlands
10:00 Drive solution partner for mixing
room and tire manufacturing
Hakan Angerbjrn, industry sector manager - Rubber
Processing, Bosch Rexroth Mellansel AB, Sweden
Te demands of today and the challenges of the
future can be met with the use of high-performance
direct drive systems. Each drive system solution
ofers a wide range when it comes to speed and
torque, and ofers functionalities to optimise
production capacity and product quality. Te high
adopting solutions utilise machine performance and
complete rubber processing for new materials.
10:20 Bosch Rexroth for energy efciency 4EE
Juergen Hoefing, Sales Energy Efciency Consulting
Germany DCEM/SEG, Bosch Rexroth AG, Germany
To solve consumption and emission problems, the
universally applicable Rexroth for Energy Efciency
Scheme has been developed at Bosch Rexroth 4EE.
Te highest savings arise from integrated overview of
all drive and control systems of a machine or system.
Sytronix as a part of 4EE is the intelligent combination
of the strengths of electric drive technology and the
power density and durability of a hydraulic drive
system. DC delivers this completely engineered from
a single source. Also shown are realised practical
examples with enormous energy-saving potential.
10:40 Innovative, efcient and environmentally
friendly drives for rubber machines
Milos Peroncik, senior industrial designer,
Transmisie Engineering, Slovakia
Te presentation will discuss new technical solutions
for mechanical drives for rubber applications such
as mixers, 2-5 cylindrical calenders, extruders, etc.
It will cover compact transmissions with planetary
gears with a high emphasis on long operating
lifetime, increased efciency, reduced weight and
lower installation dimensions, and lower amount
of oil flling while maintaining performance
requirements. Transmisie Engineering owns the
patent (SK 288063 B6) for an innovative kinematic
diagram, which can be mainly used for drives for
mixers and other two-shaf rubber applications.
11:00 Making todays tire manufacturing
fnal fnish operations better
Dr Shaun Immel, chief technology ofcer,
Micro-Poise Measurement Systems, USA
Te benefts of optimising a fnal fnish room will be
outlined. Tis paper will overview capabilities, merging
industry knowledge with helpful recommendations.
11:20 - 11:40 Break
11:40 Inline quality control of
black rubber compounds
Dr Andreas Schrder, innovation and product
development, Rhein Chemie GmbH, Germany
A new concept in rubber processing for
controlling the quality of rubber compounds
will be presented. Te compounds are analysed
inline during extrusion by ultrasound waves.
12:00 New rotor for high silica mixing
Richard Jorkasky, technical manager,
Kobelco Stewart Bolling Inc, USA
Tire companies are continually going to higher
and higher silica content to achieve improved grip,
rolling resistance and durability. Tangential rotors
yield greater output and equivalent performance
to the intermesh rotor up to 80 phr silica. Above
that, the tangential rotor performance starts to
fall of. With silica levels in the 100+ phr range,
a new rotor has been developed for high silica
mixing, which combines the output of a tangential
rotor with the properties of an intermesh rotor.
12:20 Machine safety without
compromising productivity
Jan Grashuis, director R&D, VMI, Netherlands
Machine safety has become increasingly important
in recent years. Modern technologies and
smart designs give machine manufacturers the
opportunity to integrate safety in the machine
design, in a way that allows the operator to
do his or her work in a safe manner, without
impacting the time that is needed for all tasks.
12:40 How to optimise machine operations
Florian W. Fischer, director, Business
Development, VMI Holland BV, Netherlands
Aspects of logistics, ergonomics and efciency in
tire manufacturing. What can be done to reduce
hidden costs? How can we optimise material fow,
machine performance and operator efciency?
13:00 - 14:00 Lunch
14:00 Identify tires in production and
warehouse with STS400 vision solutions
Bernhard Lenk, head of T&L and Tires,
Datalogic Automation, Germany
Datalogic has developed a concept based on Vision
technology called Matrix 410 ATS and STS400 to
identify tires in each step of the process from frst
stage, second stage, curing, sorting, test machines in
the production. Furthermore, warehouse management
and e-commerce solutions for tire distribution are
also using this high-performing reading technology
with outstanding read rates to grant the very high
throughput of thousands tires/day. Matrix 410
ATS and STS400 enable full transparency of the
tracking and tracing of each individual tire.
14:20 Technical improvements and increased
efciencies within hydraulic direct drive systems.
Ulf Forsman, technical director, Bosch
Rexroth Mellansel AB, Sweden
Te development of hydraulic direct drive systems
has focused on the component level and increasing
the individual efciency of their performance. Both
volumetric and mechanical efciencies are considered.
Today Bosch Rexroth Mellansel AB is working on
a project to increase the total overall efciency of
all components working together in an intelligent
control philosophy supported by frequency-controlled
electric motors. Tis method ofers an opportunity
to utilise the hydraulic drive systems characteristics
in an optimised way, and there have been promising
results from simulations and laboratory tests.
14:40 Laser surface processing
marking and tread ablation
Florian Schreiber, key account manager,
4JET Technologies GmbH, Germany
Laser as a tool of high precision is used for processing
many materials and surfaces. In the tire industry, laser
technology complies with the high-tech approach of
the industry to increasing demands for traceability
and individualisation of products. Fully automated
machinery for in-line processing of tire surfaces, as
well as R&D tools, use laser to modify the surface
of tires afer vulcanisation. Te feld of application
is vast, and ranges from simple serial numbers to
2D barcodes, graphics and structures of any kind.
15:00 Enhanced tire curing: permanent mould-
release coatings with industrial experience
Dr Shannan OShaughnessy, chief technology
ofcer, GVD Corporation, USA
GVD Corporation has commercialised solvent-free
permanent mould-release coatings for tire production.
Coatings using GVDs room-temperature PTFE
deposition technology have now been utilised in the
demoulding of millions of tires. GVDs release coatings
ofer excellent release, durability and temperature
stability while preserving desired mould geometries
and keeping all existing vent channel technologies
open. Our customers have observed large cost savings
due to reduced demoulding time, reduced demoulding
force, and reduced mould cleaning frequency over
thousands of tire moulding cycles per coating.
GVD provides its customers with turnkey mould
processing including cleaning, coating and assembly.
15:20 - 15:40 Break
15:40 Laser cleaning of
innerliners and tire moulds
Judith Harhues, sales engineer, 4JET
Technologies GmbH, Germany
Due to the selective interaction between materials and
laser light, as well as the precise modulation of process
parameters, delicate surfaces can be cleaned without
damaging or removing the material underneath.
Tis can be used either for cleaning the vulcanisation
moulds or for preparing the innerliner surface of a
tire for downstream gluing processes. Instead of the
work-intensive and environmentally harmful use of
wet chemical cleaning systems for innerliner, or dry ice
for mold cleaning, the use of pulsed laser light permits
dry and precise cleaning of diferent delicate surfaces.
16:00 Bladder coating for clean tire production
Dr Dietmar Hof, head of Tire Task Force EMEA,
Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH, Germany
Te use of coated bladders ofers the opportunity
to decrease the amount of additional release
agents being sprayed onto the green tire.
16:20 Predictive process control that
estimates compound properties online
Dr Stas Brassas, managing director, MixCont AB, Sweden
Te process control technology utilises mixing devices
mixer (+ mills/extruders) as a kind of sof dynamic
analyser during the time when the batch is being
mixed. Te properties of the compound such as
dispersion/distribution/viscosity are estimated in real
time by means of processing of signals such as torque,
rotor speed, temperatures, pressure, ram position
and others from mixer and/or mills. Te deviations
in the compound quality parameters and reasons for
them are recognised online during the compound
mixing. Tis information is used for real-time tuning
of the mixing control parameters to compensate
the infuence of the process disturbing factors.
16:40 Productivity and quality
in truck tire building
Jan Grashuis, director R&D, VMI, Netherlands
Many new modules and improvements have been
made to the VMI VAST all-steel radial truck tire
building machine. Tis presentation will explain
how these improvements increase the output
of the machine and the quality of the tire.
10:00 - 16:05
TIRE MATHEMATICS AND THE MODELLING
OF TIRE AND VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
Moderator, Prof Saied Taheri, associate
professor, Virginia Tech, USA
10:00 Finite-element analysis and
optimisation of a commercial aircraft tire
Hua Guo, PhD student, Coventry University, UK
Tis presentation will introduce a practical approach
of analysing, assessing and optimising aircraf
tire performance upon landing in fnite-element
environment. Te current study follows the fndings
from previous research and utilises a full-scale
fnite-element aircraf tire model in LS-Dyna and
HyperStudy. Initially, the analysis and optimisation
have successfully controlled several safety criteria in
the industrial standard range, while several material
properties, especially rubber material stifness,
change. An extended optimisation study has been
processed, relating material stifness to its density
and industrial cost, therefore achieving a reduction
in total mass and manufacturing of the target tire.
10:25 Tire model benchmarking for
durability and ride analysis
Dr Prashant Khapane, CAE manager, Jaguar Land Rover, UK
Tis paper explores various tire CAE models
commercially available to benchmark durability
analysis done for a passenger car and SUV. Typical
scenarios such as ride over a rough surface,
developing world roads, speed humps and extreme
strength events such drive over a kerb and durability
events will be covered. Strengths and weaknesses
of the models will be explored. Potential additions
or recommendations will be made at the end.
10:50 Parameter Optimization of
Finite Element Tire Models
Jan Hempel, Researcher, FH Brandenburg, Germany
Based on static and dynamic experiments, a parameter
optimisation technique of a fnite element tire
model is presented. Focus of this presentation is
a massive parallel approach, taking static stifness
and dynamics modes shapes at diferent loads into
account while building the target function. Relations
between the number of modes used when building the
optimisation objetive function and the overall process
performance and accuracy while be shown in detail.
11:15 Tire CAE and modelling
at Jaguar Land Rover
Jan Prins, technical specialist, Jaguar Land Rover, UK
Gregory Smith, CAE engineer, Jaguar Land Rover, UK
Te presentation will outline the current status
of JLR tire CAE and modelling, the challenges
faced, and the strategic approach being taken.
11:40 Tire wear prediction using
vehicle and tire simulation
Henning Olsson, R&D engineer, OptimumG, USA
A predictive method for tire wear using
vehicle and tire simulation methods has been
developed. Te method has been validated
using on-track measurements representing
diferent driving manoeuvres and conditions.
Possibilities and limitations are also discussed.
12:05 - 14:00 Lunch
14:00 Dynamic performance of an FE
quarter-car model traversing obstacles
Chongfeng Wei, PhD student, University of Birmingham, UK
Tire enveloping property has a signifcant infuence
on the vehicle ride and handling performance. An
FE tire model was developed with detailed geometric
and material defnition. Transient dynamic analysis
was carried out for the tire model traversing obstacles
with diferent heights, and validated by comparison
with the experimental tests. Te simple quarter-
car model was modelled with a spring-damper
combination connecting the vehicle weight and the
wheel hub. Finally, dynamic performance of the
quarter-car model was analysed for the tire rolling
over obstacles in order to investigate the transient
dynamic behaviour for diferent operating conditions.
14:25 Advanced tire testing model
support using the NTRCs LTRe
Jonathan Darab, director of Operations, NTRC, USA
Te purpose of this presentation is to give insight
into high-speed dynamic laboratory tire testing
and the application of resulting tire data to real-
world vehicle modelling. Te tire test capability
of the MTS LTRe Flat-Trac will be presented,
and sample video and data will be provided, to
demonstrate the machines performance envelope.
Furthermore, results from dynamic and high-
speed real-world tire testing in the form of video
and test data will be presented, and application
of the test data to tire modelling will be given.
14:50 Smart tire: a pattern-
based approach using FEM
Prof Christian Oertel, professor, FH Brandenburg, Germany
In this presentation, a new approach using the tire as
sensor is presented. Based on distributed strain sensors
integrated in the tire structure, the identifcation of
actual tire infation pressure, angular velocity, load
and tangential contact forces is based on a pattern
identifcation. Tis leads to real-time information
without any delay due to multiple rotations as need
in other approaches. Te assembly of the pattern
database as well as the identifcation of the actual tire
state is demonstrated using a fnite element system.
15:15 Prediction of failure of tread
compound by neural network software
Marzieh Rouhi, laboratory manager,
Barez Industry Group, Iran
In this work, the swell of tread compound as a failure
was studied by neural network sofware. Several
batches of tread compound are used to determine die
swell by RPA2000. Neural networks are mathematical
models that are commonly used in applications to
model relationships between variables. Tey are
able to easily accommodate linear and non-linear
relationships without any a priori functional form
specifcation. All variables were correlated to die
swell using multiple and non-linear models neural
network sofware, and the best and most efcient
result was obtained with a neural network model.
15:40 Development of a simulation
tool to study tire-ABS interactions
Prof Saied Taheri, associate professor
and director, Virginia Tech, USA
Te interaction of the tire with the anti-lock
braking system during braking manoeuvres could
result in excitations of unwanted vibrations in the
tire as well as in the chassis of the vehicle. A rigid
ring tire model has been developed and used in
conjunction with an ABS system developed for this
purpose. Te model is augmented with an FE tire
model for parameterisation purposes. Tis allows
the designers to evaluate the efects of various
tire parameters on ABS braking of a vehicle.
14:00 - 16:00
WHO IS THE TIRES CUSTOMER AND
WHAT DO THEY REQUIRE?
Moderator, Rudi Hein, executive advisor standards
and regulations, Bridgestone Europe, Belgium
14:00 Presentations and panel discussion
David Shaw, head of research, Tire Industry Research, UK
Fazilet Cinaralp, secretary general, ETRMA, Belgium
Sean Kane, president, Safety Research and Strategies, USA
Dr Burkhard Wies, vice president Tire Line
Development Worldwide, Continental, Germany
DAY 2 WEDNESDAY 12 FEBRUARY
09:00 - 12:00
CAN REPLENISHABLE RAW MATERIALS BE
SUSTAINABLE FOR TIRE MASS PRODUCTION?
Moderator, David Shaw, head of research,
Tire Industry Research, UK
09:00 Building a sustainable
economy with guayule
William Niaura, director - New Business, Bridgestone, USA
Tis presentation will provide an overview of
Bridgestones foray into guayule as an alternative
to hevea NR, with a focus on moving from the
research phase towards commercialisation.
09:25 Driving continuous
sustainable improvement in complex
agricultural supply chains
David Langlands, business development
director, AB Sustain, UK
AB Sustain has been driving continuous sustainable
improvement over the past 13 years for a number
of global brand owners with complex agricultural
supply chains. Te programmes now operate
across 61 countries, 200 factories and fve million
farmers. Tis presentation will take a detailed look
at how the improvement programmes have been
managed, and the results that have been achieved.
It will also take a high-level view of sustainable
agriculture, setting out strategic options and the
key components of a sustainability programme.
09:50 Optimising tire properties
with naphthenic oils
Isabella Joelsson Rahmn, development
engineer, Nynas AB, Sweden
Consumer tire labelling legislation in Europe,
Brazil, Korea and Japan is challenging the global
tire industry to improve the rolling resistance and
wet grip properties of tires. In the development
of such tires with improved properties, novel
raw materials play a key role. We will discuss the
infuence of the plasticising oil on the performance
of tire tread compounds. It was found that blends
of plasticising agents can signifcantly improve
the fuel economy and wet grip of tires.
10:15 The business case for sustainable
natural rubber: minimising risk
Ali Hines, campaigner, Global Witness, UK
Global demand for natural rubber is booming. It
was traditionally a sustainable smallholder crop,
and its success now risks being tainted by a move
by producers into large plantations, triggering
disputes and deforestation. Such conficts are ofen
due to the lack of transparency and legal uncertainty
concerning the plantations, as well as the recognition
of land rights. Such investments also carry risks for
companies, presenting a challenge to consumers.
With the launch of the Sustainable Rubber Initiative
as well as international principles on business and
human rights, what can consumers of natural rubber
to do to mitigate risk in their own supply chains?
09:00 - 14:50
TESTING OF THE TIRE IN THE LABORATORY
AND ON THE PROVING GROUND
Moderator, Dr James Popio, general manager and
director of engineering, Smithers Rapra Inc, USA
09:00 Tear fatigue analysis of rubbers under
realistic multiaxial loading conditions
Prof Gert Heinrich, professor / director of Institute,
Technische Universitt Dresden, Germany
Due to time-variant loading over a prolonged use
phase, durability prediction is a critical issue for
elastomers in tires. Fatigue crack growth studies are
mostly carried out with single edge cut specimens.
For this purpose, the Coesfeld Tear Analyzer
can be defned as the current state of the art. We
report about a prototype of a new biaxial tester
operating under cyclic biaxial loading conditions.
Full strain feld assessment considerably improves
the determination of tearing energy for bulk and
interface crack propagation. We demonstrate
how to transfer the results from laboratory
measurement to practical application in tires.
09:25 Tire plunger energy test simulation
based on fnite element analysis
Jorge Kuster, researcher, FATE Tires - Argentina, Argentina
In this work, plunger energy test of tires is studied.
Tree tires are considered, whose only diference is the
characteristics of their steel belts. Analyses are made
by the fnite element method using the commercial
sofware ABAQUS. Based on numerical results,
failure sequence is established. In order to validate
FE models and obtain a methodology to determine
tire reinforcement failure order, experimental
tests are conducted. Experimental validation is
performed using accelerometry techniques. Physical
inspections are made of the tested tires, showing
good agreement with FE results. Based on this
fact, a new testing methodology is proposed.
09:50 Comparative on-road testing of
passenger cars: informing consumer choices
Nick Molden, managing director, Emissions Analytics, UK
A data-driven examination of how real-world
testing of passenger cars difers from the NEDC
test results, and how this impacts on purchasing
decisions as well as policy makers. Using a specifc
case study looking at results from more than 600
model variants, the data will be examined via a
range of flters including engine size, type and
class. Te innovative testing methodology can be
applied to test any automotive component that
afects tailpipe output, including tire choice.
10:15 Predictive lab testing of
chip and cut failure of tires
Dr Radek Stocek, head of Research, PRL
Polymer Research Lab, Czech Republic
Tis work concentrates on the mechanism of tire
tread failure working in hard terrain, based on the
experimental determination of the fracture data with
respect to real loading conditions. Te relationship
between chip and cut (CC) and fatigue crack growth
(FCG) behaviours of blends based on diferent
rubber compounds suitable for tire tread application
has been investigated. Te CC behaviour has been
studied using own-developed dynamic wear-testing
equipment, and the FCG analyses were performed
using a tear analyser. Concluding, we demonstrate the
relationship between crack growth rate and dynamic
rubber wear independent of blend composition.
10:40 - 11:00 Break
11:00 Innovations in anti-ozonants
Thomas Croft, technical service manager, Addivant, USA
A review of current technology combined with
newly proposed ideas for protection of tire
sidewall compounds from attack by ozone.
11:25 Practical insights on bend-over-sheave
and bend-rotation fatigue testing methods
Philippe van Bogaert, CEO, Bogimac NV-SA, Belgium
Tires have life expectancies of 20 to 100-million cycles.
Validation by static tests of new reinforcements and
their rubber adhesion exemplifes the worst case of
sample overloading for fast results, excluding materials
and constructions needed. Fatigue testing is now
heavily used in the tire and rubber reinforcement
industry. Te improved equipment achieves more
relevant results with precise information about failure
mechanisms. Bend rotation is typically used on steel
wire and cord, where the generic bend-over-sheave
is used to validate all steel and fbre reinforcement in
their rubber matrix on single and reverse bending,
dynamic compression and dynamic adhesion.
11:50 Mineral fller usage in
passenger tire innerliners
Bruce Lambillotte, general manager, Smithers Rapra, USA
An overview of mineral fller usage in innerliner
components will be provided. Qualitative and
quantitative analyses of the fller systems from over 300
radial passenger tire innerliners will be summarised.
12:15 Reducing primary tire cavity
resonance and hence vehicle cabin noise
Alan Bennetts, director, Bay Systems, UK
Tire cavity and structural resonances interact with the
vehicle suspension system to transfer noise into the
vehicle cabin. Tire cavity microphone and tire cavity
accelerometer (TCM and TCA) allow these forcing
functions to be accurately measured. Te amplitude
of the tire cavity resonance is demonstrated to map
directly to the in-vehicle noise level. Reducing the level
of the primary cavity resonance in the tire will enable
the vehicle manufacturer to choose the best tire. Tire
makers who understand and can tune their products
to match the needs of the vehicle manufacturers
will have a distinct advantage in the market.
12:40 - 14:00 Lunch
14:00 Challenges of indoor winter tire
testing lessons learned, solutions found
Turo Tapio Tiilil, Director, Chairman of
the Board, Test World Ltd, Finland
Test World launched the worlds frst indoor test
facility in January 2013, designed purely for winter
testing year round. Tis presentation will present
the challenges of tire testing, especially made in
indoors. It will explain what has been found in snow
grain transformation, repeatability and deviation
of tests during the frst year of indoor testing.
14:25 Design permeability test machine
and study the efects of nanomaterials
Reza Farivar, process engineering, Kavir Tire, Iran
Tis presentation investigates substituting and
optimising nanomaterials in order to reduce the
cost of production and decrease tire weight. An
air permeability test machine has been designed
and built in the factory. It consists of an eight-litre
metal cylinder, which is capable of holding at least
20 bar pressure. Air leaking through a feld within
the time and constant temperature. Finally, with
the DOE method we obtain the optimum nano
clay in inner-liner formula with two variables
of nano clay: 0-5 phr and N550:5-17 phr.
09:00 - 12:00
TIRE MANUFACTURING (CONTINUED)
Moderator, Florian W. Fischer, director, Business
Development, VMI Holland BV, Netherlands
09:00 Tire x-ray automatic defect
recognition (ADR) a buyers guide
Dr Shaun Immel, chief technology ofcer,
Micro-Poise Measurement Systems, USA
Te purpose of this paper is to take the reader
through critical ADR product evaluation criteria
that will lead to choosing a product that provides
maximum value to the tire manufacturer. With
evolutionary improvements made to tire testing x-ray
machinery, x-ray images are produced quickly, in a
digital format with a very high degree of defnition
and clarity. Real-time ADR must be able to analyse
the images equally quickly and report results to a
tire manufacturer in a systematic manner, so that
the tire manufacturer can screen out anomalies
while maintaining a high-volume production line.
09:20 Shearography for new tire production
Rainer Huber, product manager, Steinbichler
Optotechnik GmbH, Germany
Shearography in new tires manufacturing
timing is available now. Tis paper will
illustrate Steinbichlers innovative solution.
09:40 X-ray tomography for cross-
sectional inspection of tires
Marco Brambilla, R&D engineer, CyXplus, France
Tire inspection is very challenging because of
the complexity of the products and the required
accuracy. Computed tomography has the potential
to perform most of the necessary controls at once,
in as little as a few tens of seconds. In recent years,
CyXplus has invested a lot of research efort around
computed tomography, and today proposes an x-ray
tomography inspection machine that can extract
non destructively the type of information needed for
the visual inspection of physical cuts of tires. Tis
machine is designed for the statistical inspection
of PCR and TBR tires on the manufacturing line.
10:00 LAP Laser: traversing projection and
measurement systems for the tire industry
Michael Witte, product manager Global Industries,
LAP GmbH Laser Applikationen, Germany
Te session will begin with a short presentation of
LAP as a manufacturer of laser technology for the
tire industry. It will then move on to discuss: OEM
products for providers of tire building machines;
LAP company policy: focus on customer needs,
requests and demands; state of the art in dynamic
laser projection technology; explanation of laser
projection technology in new SERVOLASER
tireXpert; state of the art in dimensional laser
measurement technology; future prospects for use of
laser measurement technology in the tire industry.
10:20 - 10:40 Break
10:40 Innovative automatic rolling bank control
for high-performance calendering process
Renato Lualdi, Research & Development
Manager, Comerio Ercole SpA, Italy
Nowadays high-performance calendering processes,
both for fabric or steel cord rubberising, require very
accurate and proper automatic rolling bank control.
Te quality of fnal calendered roller products depends
on a smooth and controlled temperature compound
feeding phase. Comerio Ercole, based on its long-term
experience in the calendering feld, has developed an
innovative and advanced package (hardware devices
and process sofware) enabling the most reliable, small,
uniform and controlled rubber compound feeding
into the four roll calender rolling banks. Te package
includes re-engineered mixing mill remote knives and
strip conveyor belts with a new calender feeding layout.
11:00 Optimisation of new full silica
tread compounds extrusion process
Mario Kapralik, R&D manager, Konstrukta Industry, Slovakia
Te problems caused by the latest full silica
compounds during the extrusion process can be
eliminated by a proper screw design. Several kinds
of cold-feed rubber extrusion screws have been
developed. A comparison of diferent screws under
the same conditions leads to the proper solution,
and helps to understand the relationship between
compound properties and screw design. Tis
presentation shows the results of customer-orientated
trials, which were aimed at problems with tread
full silica compound processed on a triplex line.
11:20 Tire production control centre
Peter Haan, head of Business Development
OEM Tire, Siemens AG, Germany
Automation technology does not start by
programming PLCs. Te go-to-market approach for
the tire industry starts with tire producers. Siemens
supports them in doing factory layouts and factory
designs that are highly automated according to
their requirements. Te supervisory control centre
needs to be connected to diferent production
machines of several suppliers. Siemens has the
communication technology not only to connect the
supervisory station with machines equipped with
SIMATIC control technology, but also to connect
machines equipped with third-party automation. So
Siemens covers the full lifecycle from planning to
maintenance, and from factory foor to MES level.
11:40 Flexible tire logistics for
existing production facilities
Jens Rosenberg, director, Tire Handling,
Beumer Group, Denmark
How will the industry deal with the physical
constraints of existing tire manufacturing facilities
to gain higher production efciency, free up
production foor space and increase overall production
transparency? Coping with ageing production
facilities and tire logistics that mainly rely on manual
processes calls for new thinking. One solution could
be the modular logistical principles adapted from
the highly efective leading-edge automation systems
in the airport and warehouse industries, which
ofer a solution to get more out of capital budgets.
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch
09:00 - 10:40
THE SCIENCE OF POLYMER AND
REINFORCEMENT INTERACTION
AND PROPERTY PREDICTION
Moderator, Dr Stuart Cook, director of Research,
Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, UK
09:00 Non-linear rheology
prediction of rubber behaviour
Dr Saikat Das Gupta, chief scientist, Hasetri, India
A non-linear property like steady-state shear
viscosity measurement is used to predict the
macromolecular structure of rubber and polymer
melts. Development of the tailor-made state-of-
the-art polymer causes difculty in handling with
available processing machinery. Large-amplitude
oscillatory shear (LAOS) can provide useful non-
linear characterisation of polymers. Oscillatory shear
is widely used in characterisation of viscoelastic
materials. Tis is the most popular method to
characterise viscoelasticity. In this paper the
authors measured the infuence of diferent micro-
structural infuences on the LAOS experiment.
09:25 Native products in ENR a new challenge?
Dr Cristina Bergmann, head of R&D Lab,
Hansen & Rosenthal KG, Germany
Te infuence of native products on performance
of NR (natural rubber) and ENR (epoxidised
natural rubber) compounds in comparison
with petroleum products was studied.
09:50 Rubber morphology investigated
by atomic force microscopy
Dr Doris Drechsler, laboratory manager,
Currenta GmbH & Co OHG, Germany
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool
to examine rubber compounds. Te relationship of
their morphology to the properties and processing
parameters will be analysed. Tapping-Mode-
Phase-Contrast-Imaging and a novel quantitative
instrumentation to detect E-modulus and tan delta
will be used. Tese techniques will give absolute
nanomechanical values and simultaneously a
quantitative mapping of the rubber grades and
the fller particles. Teir particle size distributions
will be a parameter of the analysis. Te results
of the investigations of test samples existing e.g.
of BR, NR and SSBR and diferent fllers like
carbon black and silica will be presented.
10:15 New modifed NdBR rubbers:
processing aid for green tires
Fernanda Albino, laboratory manager,
NdBR has become the polymer of choice to be blended
with SSBR in silica-flled green tire formulations,
because it imparts excellent dynamic properties and
treadwear resistance. However, what is regarded as
being favourable for dynamic properties is ofen
unfavourable for processing. Terefore to assist
the tire companies to improve processability and
maintain throughput rates without sacrifcing the
dynamic performance gains achieved by utilising
NdBR and SSBR in silica compounds, Lanxess
has developed a new range of modifed NdBR,
which improves the processing characteristics of
these green tire compounds while maintaining the
dynamic properties ofered by standard NdBR.
09:00 - 11:25
TIRE DESIGN AND IMPROVED TIRE
PERFORMANCE: THE IMPACT OF
TIRE REGULATIONS AND OF HYBRID
AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Moderator, Roger Jenkins, consultant, UK
09:00 Tread deformation measurement: a
tire sensing approach on rolling resistance
Yi Xiong, doctoral student, Aalto University, Finland
In recent years, tire rolling resistance that accounts
for 17- 21% to the total vehicle energy consumption
has received a substantial amount of attention. For
low-rolling-resistance tire development, the tread
deformation information, which has not been
measured previously, is of great signifcance. In this
talk, a novel optical tire sensing system that measures
the tread deformation will be presented. Te proposed
measurement system provides the possibility to
get direct insight into the tire rolling resistance
phenomenon. Moreover, it enables investigations of
rolling resistance from both tire and road aspects
through either on-vehicle testing or laboratory testing.
09:25 Infuence of tire structure on
transient cornering properties of tires
Dr Shunichi Yamazaki, president, Intelligent
Vehicle Research Institute, Japan
Tis paper describes the infuence of the tire
structure on transitional cornering properties.
We studied how much the performance of a 65%
aspect ratio tire would exceed that of a more low
aspect ratio tire. Te investigated performances are
braking and transit cornering property. Te result
has confrmed that a high-performance tire could
be designed irrespective of the aspect ratio. Te
test method and the data-processing method of the
transitional tire characteristic are also described.
09:50 Evolution of tire tread
pattern design approaches
Unnikrishnan Govindan, vice president
(R&D), CEAT Ltd, India
Tire tread pattern design has been evolving over the
years in terms of concept and execution. One of the
biggest challenges today is to present patterns that
are distinctively diferent and appealing to customers.
Hence, the designers role is to go beyond mere
styling and create products that can communicate
and engage. Tools such as product semantics and
metaphors are used in other products as an attempt
to convey what a product is or does through its form.
Following this, the designer uses shape, texture,
materials and colour to convey meaning. An attempt
is made to adopt these tools for design tread patterns.
10:15 - 10:35 Break
10:35 Improving rolling resistance and
noise performance for a truck tire
Fan Zhao, high-performance tire research,
Jiangsu University, China
Increasing fuel costs, legislation and public attention
are driving the automotive industry to pursue more
environmentally friendly tires with improved rolling
resistance and noise performances. Yet, apart from
separate research on tire rolling resistance and radial
noise, there is little information concerning the
relationship between both areas. Te tire structure is
a key bridge to connect the two cases. Tis work aims
to study the infuence tire structural parameters have
on rolling resistance and radial noise, and explore
the relationship between the two performances.
11:00 Development of a non-pneumatic
tire (NPT) for US military applications
Charles Pergantis, mechanical engineer,
US Army Research Laboratory, USA
Te US Army had funded an industry partner to
develop non-pneumatic tire (NPT) technology
for US military applications. Te NPT provides
several advantages over standard and runfat insert-
containing pneumatic tires; most dramatically, it
is 100% fat free from ballistic punctures and road
hazards, providing greater reliability, durability and
continuous mobility, with little loss in performance.
Currently, the NPT is an afermarket kit for military
ultra lightweight vehicles (ULWV). We will present
the many engineering challenges and eforts involved
in developing the NPT, including materials testing
and selection, and possible manufacturing processes.
Field test video of the NPT will be presented.
14:00 - 17:40
THE SCIENCE OF TIRE COMPOUND
REINFORCING MATERIALS
Moderator, David Reynolds, global segment
manager - Tire, Cabot Corporation, USA
14:00 HDS for green truck tires:
new insights into tread
Soline de Cayeux, Business Development
Manager, Solvay, France
Solvay will present trends and evolution in the
truck tire industry and market, more specifcally
in the growing introduction of HDS for fuel-
efcient truck tires. New possibilities to introduce
HDS in the tread compounds, with proper
management of the rolling resistance/mileage
performance balance, will be presented.
14:25 Mechanisms of particulate
reinforcement of rubber at small strains
Lewis Tunniclife, research scientist, Queen
Mary University of London, UK
Aspects of the reinforcement of rubber by
particulates such as carbon black and precipitated
silica at small, linear viscoelastic strains are
outlined. Te development of focculated fller
structures and the physical nature of the rubber
network in flled rubbers are discussed. Particular
attention is given to the energy dissipation
associated with the polymer-fller interface.
14:50 Creating a greener tire sidewall
Jon Nienaber, technical manager -
Rubber, Rhein Chemie Corp, USA
In this paper we will investigate ways to create a tire
sidewall that uses green sustainable chemicals. Te
tire industry likes to use NR/BR blends as the typical
sidewall formulation. However, these blends require
anti-oxidants that have several drawbacks such as
staining. One way to remove the anti-oxidant is to look
at blends based on EPDM. Tis paper will look at using
bio-based EPDM, NR and PBR blends that will create
a higher content of naturally renewable chemicals.
15:15 Strained rubber-fller network
analysis using dielectric spectroscopy
Menglong Huang, research scientist, Queen
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is applied
to investigate fller structures in rubber materials
under strain when flled by silica or carbon black.
A dynamic mechanical analyser is used to supply
tensile strain while the dielectric behaviour is
being monitored in situ. Dramatic changes of AC
conductivity and permittivity are observed with
strain, with the exact nature of the changes being
dependent on the nature of fllers. Te unstrained
BDS data shows temperature-dependent relaxations
assigning to the segmental and local relaxation of
polymer chains. Tis allows the molecular dynamics
at the fller-polymer interface to be examined.
15:40 Innovating the silica surface for
improved NR truck tire vulcanisates
Dr Justin Martin, senior research
chemist, PPG Industries Inc, USA
Precipitated silica has enabled a signifcant reduction
in tire rolling resistance, resulting in improved fuel
economy for passenger cars and light trucks. In
response to new fuel efciency legislation afecting
medium and heavy-duty trucks, there is interest in
realising similar gains in tire compounds, primarily
containing natural rubber, while achieving an
appropriate balance of wear, tear strength and
dynamic mechanical properties. Natural rubber
contains several weight percent of impurities, which
can afect traditional coupling reactions. PPGs
proprietary Agilon technology platform pre-reacts a
coupling agent and a dispersant to the silica surface,
enabling improvement in truck tread properties.
16:05 - 16:25 Break
16:25 Bagasse an environmentally
friendly fller for tire application
Dr Arup Saha Deuri, general manager,
Balkrishna Industries Pvt Ltd ( BKT), India
Bagasse is the natural fbre obtained afer extraction
of sugar-bearing juice from sugarcane. Plenty of this
material is available in northern and western parts of
India, because large numbers of sugar mills operate
in these regions. A study has been made to utilise this
material in fne dust form as a reinforcing fller in tire
compounds by partial replacement of other commonly
used reinforcing fllers such as carbon black or silica.
Rolling resistance properties improve with this fller.
16:50 Filled and unflled
polynorbornene rubber blends
Dr Cristian Oprisoni, technical manager Tire Accounts,
Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH, Germany
Discovered in the late 1960s, polynorbornene rubber
(PNR) has found its uses in application felds where
its high molecular weight (above 2*10^6 g/mol) and
afnity to considerable quantities of oil (up to 400 phr)
and fllers are of advantage. Te current contribution
will focus on the application of PNR as an additive for
tire compounds and high damping elastomer parts.
17:15 Efect of focculation on the physical
properties of silica compounds
Alireza Baniasad, compound expert,
Barez Industrial Group, Iran
Curing is one the most important procedures in tire
production, because the compound curing process
and conditions afect the mechanical properties of
the tire. Rheological graphs determine curing status.
Nowadays silica compounds are widely used in tires.
In rheological tests of natural rubber-based silica
compounds, a peak appears in the frst minutes
that is called focculation. In this presentation
we try to predict the mechanical properties of
compounds by using rheological data; then we want
to fnd out the efect of focculation phenomena on
mechanical properties by using simulated data.
14:00 - 17:15
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN
STEEL AND NON-STEEL CORDS
Moderators, Dr Kurt Uihlein, director marketing &
product development, Cordenka, Germany
Boudewijn de Loose, global marketing
director, Bekaert, Belgium
14:00 Steel cord trends and new developments
Jozef Pieter Bert Wilmots, product development
engineer, Bekaert, Belgium
Te presentation will cover Bekaerts insights into
current steel cord trends and new developments
concerning the steel cord business.
14:25 The contribution of an integrated textile
reinforcements supplier to green tires
Georg Feith, CEO, Glanzstof Industries, Austria
Green tires are connected to the utilisation of
renewable resources and the emphasis on rolling
resistance. Although bio-based rubber is still under
development, bio-based reinforcement-materials
such as Rayon are well-established products in
the tire industry. However, it would be benefcial
for tire developers to have a new type of modifed
Rayon available, to fll the gap between synthetics
and aramids. Another opportunity to contribute
to more sustainable tires is the technology applied
during conversion and dipping. Te presentation
focuses on recent achievements of reduced energy
and water consumption combined with frst results
of a more sustainable dipping technology.
14:50 Boosting tire performance: Milliken
tape versus conventional cap ply
Ines El Majid, development chemist,
Milliken Europe BVBA, Belgium
Since the introduction of radial tires, textile
reinforcement materials and the design of
reinforcements have not changed much over
the last 50 years. Replacing multiflament yarn
and conventional tire cord fabric with a thin, fat
reinforcement tape, Milliken tape allows for substantial
weight reduction and performance improvement.
15:15 High adhesion and retention
in polyester dipping
Gurkan Gezen, marketing manager, Kordsa Global, Turkey
15:40 - 16:00 Break
16:00 Innovations for maximum customer
benefts in economical tire cord production
Oguz Karcier, senior manager,product management
and marketing, Allma Volkmann ZN der Saurer
Germany GmbH & Co KG, Germany
Te market and innovation leader Allma (belonging
to the new Saurer Group) is committed to fnding
intelligent solutions to meet the requirements of
today and tomorrow for tire cord and industrial
yarn manufacturers. We will show how intelligent
innovations lead to maximum customer benefts
in terms of economic efciency, energy savings,
fexibility and operation friendliness.
16:25 Twaron in bicycle tires
Sander Nieuwenhuijzen, technical account
manager, Teijin Aramid BV, Netherlands
Te bicycle tire industry has developed rapidly in
the last decade. Many MTB and road racing tires
are now foldable, and most are equipped with an
efective anti-puncture system. Te fast-growing
e-bike tire market needs tires that do not run fat.
Aramid plays an important role in the current state
of the tire technology. Te presentation gives an
overview of the applications of aramid in bicycle tires,
and shows how Teijin uses its experience from other
applications to develop new bicycle tire solutions.
16:50 Comparison of redipping and
utilising a dry bonding system
Majid Modarres Sadeghi, tire and rubber
consultant, Kimia Rubber, Iran
Te presentation will compare and discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of
redipping versus dry bonding system in
skimming of low-adhesion dipped cord.
DAY 3 THURSDAY 13 FEBRUARY
09:00 - 12:00 :
CREATING NEW RAW MATERIALS
THROUGH TIRE RECYCLING
Moderators, Bob Kind, technical director,
Polymer Recyclers Ltd, UK
09:00 New recyclates are changing the
way that tires are manufactured
Gabor Kostyl, CEO, HungaroJet Kft, Hungary
Te presentation will discuss the expectations of the
tire industry related to rubber industry suppliers. It
will cover traditional technology and recipe restricted
usage of rubber crumb; residual steel/fbre limit
applicability; waterjet milling. HungaroJet can separate
powders from tread, sidewall or internal layer. Powder
is in sizes below 400 micron with extreme high
surface/mass ratio, convex/concave particle surface to
ensure good chemical bonding. Unique production
technology guarantees milling extracts rubber parts:
steel cord carcass remains intact. Industrial viability is
proved by the worlds frst continuous waterjet milling
plant of HungaroJet. Applicability: tread and wire
bedding mixtures, technical rubbers, OTR milling.
09:25 Recycling EOL OTR tires using
Ultra High Pressure water jetting
Jacques Vervaet, general manager, Big Tyre
Recycling Corporation, Belgium
Te recycling of big tires has always been a problem.
Te bigger the tire, the bigger the problem becomes.
Te EU doesnt give any directive for EOL tires
above 1.4m diameter, due to the lack of an adequate
economical and ecological recycling solution. Te
BTRC company developed a recycling process using
UHP (Ultra High Pressure) water crumbling. Tis is a
one-step operation producing reclaim without adding
chemicals or any additional process. Tis reclaim is
surface devulcanised. Te technology has been applied
for other not recyclable rubber products e.g. heavy
reinforced conveyors, tracks, aircraf tires, fenders, etc.
09:50 Pulverisation of reclaimed rubber to
improve technical qualities of formulations
Dr Svajus Joseph Asadauskas, senior chemist,
Institute of Chemistry, Lithuania
Devulcanised reclaim is used primarily to reduce
the cost of rubber articles. Being supplied as bales,
slabs or similar bulk solids, the reclaim needs to
be mixed in the same manner as virgin rubber.
Solvent-free mechano-chemical processing of waste
rubber was developed, which devulcanises rubber
and pulverises it into fnely ground particles. Te
powder, which was produced from tread bufngs,
was compared with commercially available
devulcanised reclaims in SBR and NR formulations.
Major improvements in tensile strength and other
technical properties were observed. Powders can be
dispersed much more easily than bulk solids, and
improved mixture uniformity leads to better quality.
10:15 Mechano-chemical grinding of waste
tires into powder at ambient temperatures
Dr Svajus Joseph Asadauskas, senior chemist,
Institute of Chemistry, Lithuania
Waste tires are ofen ground and used in the
manufacture of low-cost rubber items. Due to rubber
elasticity, the cost increases when producing crumbs
of fne sizes. Tribologically efective additives can
be employed for higher shear during grinding,
concurrently devulcanising the rubber. Fine rubber
particles can be obtained at ambient temperature;
due to their devulcanisation they can also be used
to replace virgin rubber and carbon black. Recycled
rubber powder, obtained from car tire treads, was
compared with the bufngs of same mesh sizes in SBR
formulations, and demonstrated major improvements
in tensile strength and other key properties.
10:40 The fve success factors for
production of alternative carbon blacks
Marcel Yon, CEO, Carbon Clean Tech AG, Germany
Carbon Clean Tech has been operating for over a
year, recurrently fulflling the carbon black needs
of a growing list of international customers. Te
presentation will explain the fve key factors that
resulted in CCT succeeding where so many others
have failed. In addition, it will share lessons learned
from founding innovative companies in general.
09:00 - 12:00
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERISATION
OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS
Moderator, Prof Ulrich Giese, managing director, Deutsches
Institut fr Kautschuktechnologie eV, Germany
09:00 Rubber friction and tire dynamics
Dr Bo Persson, scientist, Forschungszentrum Jlich, Germany
In the past 10 years Bo Persson has developed a
physical model to understand contact mechanics and
rubber friction. Experiments and exact numerical
studies have shown that this analytical approach is
very good and that the results agree well with the
experimental and numerical results. Tis is the only
physical model of the dissipation processes of rubber
friction which depends purely on measured, physical
quantities. We have applied this model in a tire
model and compared it with the results of some tire
measurements. Bo will present the promising results.
09:25 Rubber friction and tire traction
at rough, self-afne surfaces
Prof Manfred Klueppel, head of department, DIK, Germany
An advanced model of sliding friction and dynamic
contact of elastomers at rough, self-afne surfaces is used
to evaluate stationary friction curves independent of
surface roughness, load and temperature. Tey correlate
well with experimental friction data found for unflled
and flled elastomers under dry and wet conditions.
In particular, the investigations are shown to be useful
for a better understanding of the traction behaviour
of tires on dry and wet roads during ABS braking of
passenger cars. Te obtained results also provide a deeper
insight into the role of adhesion forces in dry friction
of elastomers under diferent contact conditions.
09:50 The efect of loading
conditions on rubber abrasion
Guangchang Wu, PhD student, Queen
Many rubber products undergo a signifcant amount
of abrasion during their service lives. In this study,
the efect of loading conditions on rubber abrasion is
investigated. A blade abrader was used to characterise
the rubber abrasion behaviour. An attempt has been
made to correlate these conditions during abrasion
with an independent fatigue crack growth test.
Various diferent types of loading confguration that
alter the strain rate, frequency and temperature are
used in the fatigue crack growth test in an attempt
to match the real loading found in abrasion. Te
benefts of adopting this approach will be discussed.
10:15 Self-reinforcement of
natural rubber in truck tires
Karsten Brning, scientist, Leibniz-Institut fr
Polymerforschung Dresden, Germany
Natural rubber is still without alternative in truck tires
when it comes to ultimate demands for wear resistance
and tear fatigue. Its outstanding mechanical properties
are ascribed to strain-induced crystallisation,
which provides for a selective self-reinforcement
in highly stressed regions, e.g. around a crack tip.
Novel experiments, performed at the synchrotron
DESY, give insight into the kinetics and the short-
time behaviour of the strain-induced crystallisation
under dynamic conditions, as encountered in a tire
during operation. Te experiments show that the
crystallisation is signifcantly suppressed as compared
with quasistatic experiments, and they allow the
derivation of new structure-property relationships.
10:40 Optical study on detachment and
slip propagation of rubber-glass contact
Dr Ari Tuononen, research scientist, Aalto University, Finland
Te static to sliding friction transition is an
important phenomenon in tire friction. However,
very little is known about it. Te study is using
high-speed imaging and digital image correlation
to calculate the sliding velocity feld of rubber-
glass contact in diferent loading conditions.
11:05 Kinetics and mechanisms
of ageing processes
Prof Ulrich Giese, managing director, Deutsches
Institut fr Kautschuktechnologie eV, Germany
Te service life of tires is infuenced by ageing
processes. Oxidation reactions are responsible for
irreversible changes of properties. Termal oxidative
ageing is determined mainly by the structure of
the polymer, but used crosslink chemicals, the
network and antioxidants have an infuence. As a
consequence, a prediction of the ageing stability is
very complex. So it is of high interest to investigate
kinetic aspects of reaction mechanisms, the efciency
of antioxidants and the difusion of oxygen into the
material. Te investigations are carried out by means of
chemiluminescence, extraction, chromatography and
other appropriate instrumental analytical methods.
09:00 - 12:00
MEASUREMENT OF TIRE FORCE AND
MOMENTS IN THE LABORATORY AND
THEIR VALUE IN EVALUATING TIRE
AND VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
Moderator, Dr Gerald Potts, president, TMSi, USA
09:00 New dynamic footprint testing machine
Dr Stephan Koehne, managing director,
TS TestingService GmbH, Germany
Te new dynamic footprint tester consists of 40 or
more 3D force sensors and two high-speed cameras
with a frame rate of 500 pictures per second, which
allow fast and precise measurement of the footprint
properties. Te machine can vary torque, slip and
camber, so that all vehicle conditions can be simulated.
09:25 Tread deformation measurement: a
tire sensing approach to rolling resistance
Yi Xiong, doctoral student, Aalto University, Finland
In recent years, tire rolling resistance that accounts
for 17-21% of the total vehicle energy consumption
has received a substantial amount of attention. For
low rolling resistance tire development, the tread
deformation information, which has not been
measured previously, is of great signifcance. In
this talk, a novel optical tire sensing system that
measures the tread deformation will be presented.
Te proposed measurement system provides the
possibility to get direct insight into the tire rolling
resistance phenomenon. Moreover, it is feasible
to undertake investigations of rolling resistance
from both tire and road aspects through either
on-vehicle testing or laboratory testing.
09:50 Noise reduction with bionic
structures for a green tire
Fan Zhao, high-performance tire research,
Jiangsu University, China
Due to the implement of EU tire regulation, the
automotive industry is pursuing more environmentally
friendly tire products. Various tread patterns
show diferent performance tradeofs based on the
mechanical behaviour. Te key issue lies in developing
new solutions to enhance tire tread performance.
Te aim of this contribution is to study the infuence
bionic structures have on tire performance. Special
attention will be given to non-smooth structure on
tread pattern. Te presentation will also explore proper
bionic structures and how to achieve performances
tradeofs based on the structure of bionic structures.
09:00 - 12:00
ROADS AND TIRES: ARE THEY ONE
SUBJECT FOR RESEARCH?
Moderator, Dr Klaus-Peter Glaeser, head of section vehicle
pavement interaction and acoustics, BASt, Germany
09:00 Predictive testing of friction
at the tire-road interface
Dr Christian Kipscholl, managing partner,
Coesfeld GmbH & Co KG, Germany
Te friction between vehicle tires and road surfaces
is a complex subject. It is known that the friction
coefcients depend on the road surface and mainly
on the proportions of adhesion and hysteresis friction
of the tread material, which depend in addition on
the temperature and the relative speed of the friction
partners. In this presentation we will introduce
the development of a friction measuring device
with which a wide range of normal force, frictional
speed and time profle of the frictional speed can
be set precisely. Various friction partners (concrete,
asphalt, ice, wet surfaces) are used for testing.
2014
AWARDS FOR INNOVATION
AND EXCELLENCE
On the rst evening of the exhibition (11 February 2014) there will be an
entertainment-packed evening where we will present the Awards for
Innovation and Excellence.
Delegates, exhibitors and their guests will have free access to this event.
2013 Awards winners included:
Tire Manufacturing Innovation of the Year VMI
Environmental Achievement of the Year Bridgestone Americas Technical Center
Tire Technology of the Year Cordenka
Tire Industry Supplier of the Year Test World
Tire Manufacturer of the Year Apollo Tyres
Young Scientist Prize Lewis Tunnicliffe, Queen Mary University of London
Lifetime Achievement Award Toshio Nishi, Special Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology
BOOK NOW PAY IN JANUARY 2014! REGISTER ONLINE!
OPTIONAL SHORT COURSES
40TH AKRON TIRE MECHANICS SHORT COURSE
The 40th Tire Mechanics Short Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology Expo
2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10/11/12/13 February 2014
This four-day course will provide engineers and scientists with an in-depth, intense study of the
latest developments surrounding tire engineering. The course is designed for practising engineers,
chemists and scientists who are concerned with tires and vehicles, and who have an engineering
or science background at the Bachelor of Science level. The basic aspects of the mechanics of
pneumatic tires will be introduced by internationally renowned experts in tire mechanics. Over 1,000
pages of course notes on CDs prepared by the instructors will be provided for all participants. Those
who complete this course will receive a certicate from The University of Akron.
1,475 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE FOUR-DAY COURSE (DISCOUNT NOT APPLICABLE)
MUST BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN
INTELLIGENT VEHICLE AND TIRE SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY & SAFETY
Intelligent vehicle-and-tire technologies are an area of current research. This three-day
course is intended to provide the participants with knowledge of the multiple aspects driving this
technology area, as well as of the engineering disciplines required for integration into intelligent
tire-and-vehicle systems. Current status, ongoing developments and future applications of this
technology will be discussed. Dates: 10/11/12 February 2014
Topics covered: regulatory and sustainability demands in automotive transportation; vehicle functional
requirements energy efciency, safety, performance; agile vehicle dynamics; relationship between
tire characteristics and automobile dynamics; vehicle engineering effectiveness and efciency
improvements; engine, powertrain and driveline efciency; wheel power management; power
losses in tires; current tire technology; TPMS; intelligent systems vehicle-tire sense and respond
matrix; embedded sensors MEMS applications; direct measurement of tire deformations; indirect
measurement of interface; relationship to structural dynamics nite element models; manufacturing
requirements; integration with ITS models; applications to robots and remotely piloted vehicles; terrain
characterisation; traversability and mobility.
Instructors: Vladimir V. Vantsevich (professor of Mechanical Engineering), Mukul K. Verma (professor
of Mechanical Engineering - adjunct), University of Alabama at Birmingham
1,245 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE THREE-DAY COURSE CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN
PREDICTION OF RUBBER BEHAVIOUR FOR ENGINEERING
DESIGN SHORT COURSE
The Prediction of Rubber Behaviour for Engineering Design Short Course will be held
concurrently with Tire Technology Expo 2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10 and 11 February
2014 commencing one day before the expo and main conference
The performance requirements for engineered rubber products such as tires have continuously
increased over the last few decades and are set to continue to increase. The conicting demands of
weight reduction and reduced rolling resistance, coupled with increases in abrasion resistance and
wet and dry friction performance, make the tire designers life difcult. All rubber components have
to be designed and manufactured using robust engineering principles to ensure that they comply with
the expected performance and lifetime requirements. This course is designed specically to give a
detailed overview of all the core concepts involved in the design of rubber products.
925 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE TWO-DAY COURSE CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN
OPTIONAL SHORT COURSES
BASIC RUBBER COMPOUNDING COURSE
The Basic Rubber Compounding Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology Expo
2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10 and 11 February 2014 commencing one day before the
expo and main conference
Presented by Bob Kind MIMMM, GPRI technical director of Polymer Recyclers Ltd UK and John
Bowen MIMMM, BSc, consultant formerly of Robinson Bros Chemicals Ltd, UK. Rubber technology
embraces chemistry, physics and engineering, and some of the concepts and terminology are very
specic to rubber. This basic course is designed for all those working in the associated tire industry
who wish to know more about the compounding of rubber. It will try and dene the concepts in simple
terms but at the same time relate them to actual manufacturing and product circumstances.
925 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE TWO-DAY COURSE CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN
TIRE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING COURSE
The Tire Mathematical Modelling Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology
Expo 2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10 February 2014 commencing one day before the
expo and main conference
Presented by Mike Blundell, professor of Vehicle Dynamics and Impact, Coventry University. This
course covers the computer modelling of tires within a full vehicle system. It is aimed at engineers
and researchers working in both industry and academia. The subject matter will be of primary
interest to vehicle dynamicists, for whom the tire is the primary force and moment generation
element on the vehicle. Tires are not especially complex but are deeply counter-intuitive; practitioners
require an understanding of tire behaviour and the range and capability of existing models in order
to generate full system models to predict the dynamic performance of a vehicle both for comfort
and for active safety. The course will start with an overview of the force and moment characteristics
generated in the tire contact patch, progress through the way in which these are captured through
laboratory testing, and complete with the empirical models for usefully accurate representation.
The specic requirements for aircraft and motorcycle tire models will also be covered, as will the
development of physical tire models to predict the interaction of the tire with road obstacles and
terrain for durability analysis.
575 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE ONE-DAY COURSE CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN
TIRE REGULATIONS SHORT COURSE
The Tire Regulations Short Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology Expo 2014
in Cologne, Germany, on 10 February the day before the expo and main conference
The course will be delivered by presenter(s) with considerable knowledge of the current tire
regulations in Europe and on a global basis. These are particularly critical as tire labelling and new
type approval regulations are introduced. Some indication of the future in terms of tire regulations
will also be discussed. A brief outlook on the impact of the EUs new chemical regulation REACH on
tires will also be given.
575 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE ONE-DAY COURSE CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN
Polymer Recyclers Ltd
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME UPDATE
2014 EXHIBITOR LIST 4JET Technologies GmbH A & D Europe GmbH AFACHE Akron Special
Machinery Akron Steel Fabricators Albeniz ALLIGATOR Ventilfabrik GmbH Allma Volkmann Zweigniederlassung
der Saurer Germany GmbH & Co KG Altracon SA Ammeraal Beltech AP2 - Automazione Processi Produttivi Srl ASM-
Hasbach A-Z Formen-und-Maschinenbau GmbH Bainite Machines Pvt Ltd Barbe GmbH Bartell Machinery Ltd
Bartell Machinery Systems LLC Beckhof Automation GmbH Black Donuts Engineering Ltd Bluestar Silicones
International Bogimac NV SA Bosch Rexroth AG BST International GmbH Buzuluk Komarov AS Byelorussian Steel
Works Bytewise Measurement Systems Inc Cabot Corporation Chem Trend Europe China United Rubber Corporation
Cognex Germany Inc Collmann GmbH & Co Color Service Srl Comerio Ercole SpA Commercial Timesharing Inc
Computype Europe Limited Conti Bladders Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH Cordenka GmbH & CoKG Crain
Communications Ltd Cray Valley USA LLC Crisplant AS CyXplus Dahmen GmbH Data2 Corporation Datalogic
Automation Srl D-Company Ltd Deltagran Europe SRL Dr Noll GmbH Eastman Chemical Company EGE Kimya
Sanayi ve Ticaret AS Electronic Systems SpA Elisto GmbH EMS-Griltech ERGON Inc Erhardt & Leimer GmbH
Euroimpianti SpA Evonik Industries AG Farrel Limited Fecken-Kirfel GmbH & Co KG Fischer GmbH F/L/S Fuzzy
Logik Systeme GmbH Fraunhofer Institut fur Integrierte Schaltungen IIS Gabo Qualimeter Testanlagen GmbH GFA
De Pryck + Co Gislotica Mechanical Solutions Lda Glanzstof Industries GmbH Glebus Alloys Europe Sro Gottschol
Alcuilux CZ Greatoo Inc Gudel AG Guilin Rubber Machinery Factory GVD Corporation Habasit AG Hansen &
Rosenthal KG Harburg Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH HERBERT Maschinenbau GmbH & Co Himile Mechanical
Science and Technology Co Ltd HOFMANN Maschinen-und Anlagenbau GmbH Ichimaru-Giken Co Ltd IGTT AS IHI
Corporation IKS Klingelnberg GmbH India Rubber Expo 2014 Indian/International Rubber Journal & Dr Gupta Verlag
Indspec Chemical BV inmess GmbH INTEREUROPEAN Srl Intralox LLC Europe Joss Holding BV Kara Gostar Eng
Co Kelviplast GmbH & Co KG Kobelco Stewart Bolling Inc konstrukta - Industry AS KORDRNA Plus AS Kordsa
Global Kraussmafei Berstorf GmbH Kuraray Europe GmbH Kurschat GmbH Lang GmbH & Co KG LAP GmbH
Lawer SpA Leonhard Breitenbach GmbH LKY Wartungs und Industrie Service GmbH LMI Technologies Marangoni
Meccanica SpA Matteuzzi Srl Matthews Kodiersysteme GmbH McCoy Machinery Corporation McNeil + NRM Inc
MESNAC / MER TC Metravib MICRO-EPSILON Messtechnik GmbH & Co KG Micro-Poise Measurement Systems LLC
Milliken Europe BVBA Mitsubishi International GmbH Momentive MTS Systems Corporation MTV CUTTING-EDGE
GmbH & Co KG Muench Chemie International GmbH Murex Technik ag Nakata Engineering Co Ltd NDC Infrared
Engineering Ltd NTRC Nynas GmbH OMNOVA Solutions OPEN MIND Technologies AG ORGKHIM Parker Hannifn
GmbH Pelmar Engineering Germany GmbH Performance Fibers PHP Fibers GmbH PNEUFORM Hulin AS Polymers
& Tyre Asia PPG Industries Chemicals bv Silica Products Prodicon International Srl PROMERA Anlagen-Systeme
GmbH Pyrolyx Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH RJS Corporation RMS Equipment LLC Rockwell Automation
Rockwood Lithium GmbH Rodolfo Comerio Srl Roland Electronic GmbH RTGERS Novares GmbH Sage Automation
Inc SAR Elektronic GmbH Schill + Seilacher Struktol GmbH SDS Systemtechnik Seichter GmbH Shanghai
Cheeshine Chemicals Co Ltd SIBUR Holding SICK Vertriebs-GmbH Siemens AG Silmag International Simaform SA
SinoArp Tires Equipment Technology (Suzhou) Co Ltd Sino Legend (Zhangjiagang) Chemical Co Ltd Sinorgchem
Europe BV Smithers Rapra SNE Deshors Moulage Solvay Spoolex SAS Standards Testing Labs Steinbichler
Optotechnik GmbH SYNTHOMER Deutschland GmbH TARRC TAUFORM Tyre Moulds Co Ltd TechnoBiz
Communications Co Ltd Technodesign Inc Test Measurement Systems Inc Texmer GmbH & Co KG The Poling Group
The Steelastic Company Tien Sheng Moulding Tech. Inc Transmisie engineering AS TRANSNORM SYSTEM GmbH
Tridelta Magnetsysteme GmbH Troester GmbH & Co KG TS-Plzen AS TS TestingService GmbH TST Europe BV TUV
SUD Automotive GmbH Umicore Specialty Materials Brugge NV Uteco Contec UTH GmbH Uzer Makina ve Kalip
Sanayii AS Van Riet Material Handling Systems BV Versalis SpA Vipo AS VMI Group Vredestein Consulting BV WD
Racing Ltd Werba-Chem GmbH WALZEN IRLE Wikov MGI as Wyko Tire Technology Yxlon International GmbH
Zeppelin Systems GmbH ZF Friedrichshafen AG Z-Laser Optoelektronik GmbH
*see website for the latest exhibitor list
THE GLOBAL TIRE DESIGN AND TIRE MANUFACTURING EVENT
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Contact: Mark Fenner | UKIP Media & Events | Abinger House | Church Street | Dorking | Surrey | RH4 1DF | UK |
Tel: +44 1306 743744 | Fax: +44 1306 877411
Email: mark.fenner@ukipme.com | www.tiretechnology-expo.com

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11, 12, 13 FEBRUARY 2014 KLN MESSE, COLOGNE, GERMANY

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