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\\1ren uput
te:
" ;;;'ij':;;"''
b. ,,o, : i,(\
R,
F rcuj
Frcuit
are open
circui
;o
[1ten outu
te.minas l-e
sho-circied
Flr circuit a.
lsc :
s(
t)
f ,Rz
o =
10
mvx
F uivalency
x'l+l:9'9mV
J0
10 mr,.
10
+l : 9'1mV
:
R. 1162
o:10mVx'1l :
5 mV
f R.: 1
o: 70 mvx 10
lll - '91v
Rs
Forcircuitb.. :
(r)
R-.1-r(r)
10
zs(r)
807o of source
vltage
x 80 =8mV
f gives 8
mV when Rs :
1 -r, f:,
10
mv
: 10'#h=+R.:4L
Figure . a
ls
Figure .lb
Ex:1.2
Rs
Vor=V,
l).,.
io=i.tx
Given
For
Voc
'sa
10
: mV
For
=lk
Rs
= SQ)x
-
Given zr(r)
f
R. =
1OO
RL
Rr-R,
10
( =
10
, Rs =
mV
and
R. --
iO k,
-9.
"(t)
Rs
Rs + Rz.
R = 1k,7 =
t0 mV
R:yi
= 10
Rs:lk
11
1OO
)X#:9.9
i _
10
x _-]QQ-
1+i6
For
R:1OOk,;r:1
oX]r*:5
For
R : |
io = 0 x
.-=-]9Q-K
'n.
lUK+4
-O.9
;.,.
:,ffi
8:lOX
R
;,;-*T.
lgo
0;?;
= 25k
;.:":,:,,",
xercise 1-2
:
I : +:
#
:2f: 2 103 rad]s
Ex:1.5
l: 1 V+D : 001
:2V=+D:0010
1: 15 V+D : 1111
10OHz
(b)
r : l __ r
.
l0_'
(c)
1.
V (ii)
(b) (i) + I
Ex:1.6\T_1:] -- 16'7 ms
t u6s
V (iii) +4 V (iv)
+2
OoOs
- +'-_ ls
to
Ex:1.11
56 channes
Ex:1.8
: ]l]lar
TJR
'
:1r7'xr-v2
TR'R
_"!x(l
with
:lx-J-
1+1
2
_Af'_lg 1'l.)
]5 q]
--i
: 6.25
v,:0.5Vand
;,'
Qrr
o:0V+D:000
is
P,
Rj
t
"
''11 X
mW
^'
x 0.5
6.25
0.25
l01g,,
0.25
P, : ,i,,
and,
:
-_-lJlM+1M
0.5
R,,
6.25 mW
O.2-5
0.5 A
and,
D
f.
R +
Pi
Thus.
Ex: 1.9
15%
')2 - ,O
lO
(A =P-J
where
X_
10
owerain
-os
1_ | r I -' ):
e 25 49 8l)
(O
0.252
: -12d8
= 0'g]
l-
Voltage gain =
-.l[,=,
-'
xrxffi:0.25v
p':o:
.R,
.81
25)
,,x-,
Ri
1\
102 mW
*,
120
-_
_ | X- ji-X
"
8(. |
-,.,'t 9
18 mW
1n+10-
P, - ulR _
1+l
, I-, )
9 25'49 ')
,.'\'
l2OmW
- l8 :
120
x l
-3
Pr,
,__l
P: P |P{+P5+...
(4V\2 l /4 \,-!-r14y1, I,
"
\
"';) R' .]J-l n \r5) R'
= 8/2
\'r
x: l.12
Alterativey,
Pljssjpaled
)
-O.]
: 20 log 1 : Jo dB
: 20 log 10 : 6o,lB
: 10 l_. : 1O g r.4 '4
: l0l-s l05 : dB
: 15X8 :
P,,,.
o -_ --:'
6/"D\2
r
-
4 to channe 69
,r
_5O
channe
is
then 470
+8
1O_r
X l ''
44 d
25
103
r'
Exercise 1-3
(n load) output
7),
_ 1)./'\x_!x-l-.L
'l
11" oi, oi, us
l.
''u ' R*
O.s
P,'
ff:
22
-ai
--
A-_+
'-P
Pi
40
dB
O.25
J,)' /
_.,
25O
Us
818z,
818X 1
7'
ForV":1mV
V'r:
744
X t mV
818mV
'\"
2'''l
/._^_^_
oi oiz oi,
,.
:'
'
L _
L"
V/V
100
(l,'""'fin)'
:,l, x (lo"
n
l/
Forvr:1mV
Ro
=-!_-I Rn
Ro+
:9O.9X9.90.909
:818 V/V
RL
:A
7,
744
744m
2.5|
represented as
o-OO
: 2!a| 10
2.5 lO4v//vy
10logo _ 44 d
t:
Stag 3 (see
figure above)
R;:1M
R,: 10
Ano : A,,l Anz:
(]+*),.{-ffi-)
100
, rol
'\00 + l K/)
U0
us
(0.909)(1)(0.991)(10o1.o909)
mV
r'
0.99 5
o"
: 2r}
^
V.,l
"
v.
For,:1-'
oi, - 9 * r, :
:
:
81.8
Vo __ R'
vS Ri+Rs "A
ForR.: 1
I : oro, so
-
9.9 X 90.9
9{:n
\''\'
0.909X 1
9.9X0.909
0.99mV
g/
lM+l00
FrR.: l00
gO
IMrl00K
sOO
R+R.
l
l0r10 =
409
1000 :
00l0
8tO V/V
9X 1
9 mV
Exercise 1-4
Ex:1.18
i
R/.
( +1)
.Rs
ii :
,:
ib
'S-,
R'= =
A.
=
- nis,ir+R1
i.
a,.iroL.
. ,#k'
lo
i1,rn+ ( + 1)ibRe
:i6lrn+ ( + 1)R.]
But ,,
Thus.
,R.Ro
- ,.-s
^ Ri Ro { R,
i
x: 1.19
: ,
. :y! -- i,
,.tu
and
\J
ib
i, :
-- r"
x1.22
f
10 z
lO kz
10 kz
1Mz
Ri
R6
ii
+
'
thus
( l)R"
Gain
6 dB
40 dB
20 dB
0dB
Ri
,,:
t,srt-.aR,
G^i(R,
1)S
11
Rt,)
=c,,,#E(Roll
R.)
Thus,
:
"!
us
-.
Ri
.^
G',-.o,(Ro11 R')
l
Ex:1.23
be
R, G,
Ru
Rvv,,
vo
G'vilR,
G-V
i,
Rs
Ro R
Ri+RS
c'-l
"'R,.+
G-
Ro
R,
Rs
LP tYPe'
which is of the STC
DC gain
'=?:'-n'-RL
or"&'*-7
Ro
R,
Vn
j: Voui'' : n'tr;;-*" o37,
''
^Rs-R.
:.n.
+-& Rt + Ro
Now
11
ftus.fvi :
R'
--
R'
1 l +sCt
o: R.i;,-.*n,
.,
o
11
G' =
1-* Ro RL
xercise 1_5
l+1=9.:
Ro RL 100
1
R'=O.1 - 50 1
R. =
10 :0.1 m/V
10
.8m/V
12.5
*
* | )= 2x 1ookHz
.." - L(!
C\ Ro R
'')
(t*l)
\50, l' 12. , lO'/ :
6', =
159.2 pF
"
2 1o5
x l.?
V,:
R,
vs R,l,R,
' sC
R,
Rs+Ris-
,
I
C(Rs I Ri)
"1
,',JUD- 2c(Rs
C>
+ R,)
<l00z
2(1 +9)1O3X10
0.16 F
rerci- ]_
herefre:
x:2|l'
x 2.2
Equation afe 7\
: ilz-
xia
: A(r-
U. Ui.,n __
a)
ur1
-o.o2v:-2mv
lia : az- al : -(-0.002) : +.002v
:2m
o,"^ : !r(- 2mv + o) : -1 mv
b) -1O
t3(5
Ui,J: ilz-
at:
r)
,,.. - i(1. | z| -
5'01
- 5V
'(5.!
I,
: A(2- )
l. r
or. :
1||
3'6
5.O1
2'
1O3[r-
1.002
1.O2)
-4
: -4
mV
1rl.z + .998) __
2'
and
10 wehave:
1O
10
X O :
1Oa
V/V oreqiva-
lently 80 dB
x2.4
Thus:
Rz
: 10X
10k
There[ore. we have:
1o
1tr
: 1M
Ex: 2.5
R=10k
(-3'6)]
103(z+ 3'6)
-3.6 V
Ex:2.3
lv
R,'
: |
,, li
:()
. i.e..
Vo:Vi-Rii
n:vol
'''
i'
1l
m/V
V: 1mV
+ 5) : 5'005 v
- -3.6036 V
:
!z- a : - 3'636- (-3'6)
ai
: -0.036 V : -3.6 mV
1. -L U2) : -:.0 t 3'6)l
,,., - j{',,,
V,1
10
+ .fz
G. :
0'01
l](.qg
ad : il2- U : 0.998
:
:
For
c)
d)
: G,R.
;rtr
_f2 : -10+Rr :
Rl
t-#:
U1
: |z- -
');
\u'
V. : G,R(Vr- V')
|i,,:
:0-Rii-
-Rl,
- ryi:-R=R,:-R
i
: -10k
V'
R'' vi
O*R,:
thusR,:9:
i
is R
xercise2_2
R= 10k
0.5
x:2.7
Dected bet''veen
: V: -5V
Vo
k resistrcon-
R X 0.5 m
: 0- 10K
0.5 m
,, : (ff v,+v')
Vo
*(V
5v).
We rvant to have:
&:
/{r
F-x:2-6
and&:
R,
t is a1so desired that for a maximum output voltage of 10 V the current in the feedback resistr
does not exceed 1 m.
Therefore
1 m
'o=u
Rf =
=+
.2
+ ''
R. >
J !9J
lm
l k
Rr
Rr
0kandn,
: ru
Ex:2.8
Vo: V-i2R2:0*
: _10v
i,::
' R,
1mX 1k
'0=v lk
io : i- iz : - 10mA- 1 m : -11 mA
y9*IOv:
Voltageain:
-l0V/V
lv - rv
*gmA
or 2 dB
_-.-l_ _
-10mA - *r0/
l, - m
Current gain
or 20 dB
&*--t(-lma):t00,,W
'.
(ft)(ff)
:,
ft)ft)
: l ,n
,:
r 20 dB
Then
ower gain
Pi
1VX1m
choose:
rye
have
R,: T
e hare (reler
: l:2.5k
|':
(ft)(*,) -l*0Xl0_-l=R"_
R2 0
g,
we
St V2 =
6V
V : V:
v.
'U
x2.9
fexercise 2'9):
to the so]ution
, then
19 v,
-elk
-ev,
Vswehave: Vo
- 6Vt+4Vz 9Vt
'x: 2.11
9k
3k
The V* (the voltage at the positive input ofhe op
ampis:
V,- fiUt 1
10x
0.6v1:6v,
Then v*
yl
= 0.
: -2-v, z-
0.4 vz
-a
ence
,, :
(, *
ffi)r-
v,
| ,- R'
Rr
: 1 V
i:10A.
0.6Vr
Thus
u": (tnffi)r. :
Vo _V
__
l=R' -
_-
z=
(1
R:
Thus.
lV
', _ R, 'R.l -- lA=R,r R,
Rl+R2: lMand
R: Rz+Rl : R2 _ 0'5M
-,1=0V'
lU
xz2.l2
1
X 0'4v2
-- 4v2
a)
R2
Ex: 2.10
9k
Vo
_ A(V,- )=+v
v^
iz: i_-o,
v3
v)
3k
Using the super psition princip1e. to flnd the con_ V l - 0 Then
tributionof V, V.weset V
I +R,i R,
g+ ---_v:
^
tO _
v,'
1+R,/R,
'./ --t
'
t
I + R2lRr
A
vo
A
(1 *)v
: V-^Vo:
--R: \R, Rt)
R,
,,: ('.ft)r,
vl
'
: (' .
ft)(',
-2)=
(r + Rr/ R')V
=)G
1 + R2lRr
+ R"/R,
t*--f
1
Exercise 2-4
or he clsed-oop gain
ff :
1O3 then
G:
G:
9.901 and
-0.99o
G -_l0
IO0
.-
+ 2. that is
is t
10
t*f;
FbryI : ,
Vo
9.99ande
: GXV, :
x:.2.14
(a) load voltage
1k
-1
- 9.9 mV
f : la then G :
, 10rn
- i,0 -voiL - 10X10
P v 1X 1O -
xlV - lmV
Ex:2.15
*o.1
9.99,
therefore,
t'--v :vo:
:0.999mV-tmV
10"
=
f : 15 then G : 9.999 and
: -o.01o
FV: 1, vo :GX:9.999thus,
l'--v
:
'2
10,
:Vo:
-0. mV
o.oeeee
mv
(a)
R,
2k, Rz= R= 2 k
Ao:
#,:
fr:
(b)Rid= 2Rr=2 X
$:
lozv
2k=4k
Ex:2.13
Ro=0
:oA'V:Vl:1V,
i,:.'=__g-ImA
' 1k 1k
i: i:1m,
"
<-
(c)
A".:
*:
kt'E'-ftft)
()
: l lt,l-&R'')
R|R4)
',Rrl\
' /
9k
&-2
:R:
Rt
&*r
R3
haeo,o,(
Vo
: V+i29k : l +1X9 :
:
i,:
' !*:
1k J
1k
io
: ir+ i, :
++
l,m,
1114
,ol
or2OdB
l-
l(3not( | +
1OV
|o
tolerance, we
0.0l)
_ 2O X l.O1
X I.ol - Rj - 2xa
20 X 0.99
98.02=
Ro
\=ror.a
,{r
xerci:e ]_5
Simlarly.
\,ve
,(op Amp2)
can sho\ry ha
98.2<R'=102.02
R
ence.,RI
- 102.02< _
R'-
-98.02
_4=Ro R,=+=l&
R1 Rr
lR,
__
Stl=q
Rrl
2 -
Rl
.,
&:
R.
happens when
_
"Rr },
C\IRR
.* is
o1'
we require
A,-Rt
"R, - loand
R'1 : 2R1 : 20k+Rr _ 10k() and
R, _ A,,R, : 1 X 10 k : 10o k
There1bre, Rr : R., : lk and
Rz' : R : 1 k
x:2.17
Given V,..
-5
: lsint mv
2R1 : 1k, R2 _
R: : R+: 10k
5.005 sint)
_5O
<
0'0l-st
1ko
2Rt
(5 + 5.005sint)V
-_
!un,
2"'
- ls
2
5.OO5 sin.1
Amp
-,)
.5
- !1r^*
10.l sint V
Ex: 2.18
Vift)
1r+
,(+)-
lv
1
l:r^-!lro:50.005 sint
k\ 0-5 M()/
: 1(1 + 10) X .1sinot
J,',V,*ld'
1)1t
sin
0.0l sint
'.'R: : R+: tk
xz 2.16
-O.OO5
rc2'02
_"1nrl]_
C\IRR _ 26
-l..l - z losl92:92
" 0.04 =
C\'RR _ 20lg(255.5) -68dB
,(op,\mp 3)
Utt
V^.: tl,'+R'
4
1 + 98.02
q.zur&
: (5
Rrl
R.
+--:
l,,,: V,,-R.]t
' 2Rt
l&l
12
5 + 0.0_5sint
,,,
Therefore,
lR-t
1)cl
_ Vz:
'Ol
,ir.
rr,,O
:5+0.005sintV
(op mp1) _ V,,
.005sint V
Exercise 2-6
x:.2.20
lms
\n,*,
(+)o-J
VoG)
"
I ms
1
l
(-R
C:
10 dt
-1
')'l0Xlms
CR : 10 2 s (thetime
R:
lmsX0.5ms
r
differentiator.Wewant
CR
.01
10'
0.1
:lM
].1y
Vo(jw)
V,(.i',)
_ iCR
- lOx
l&l
v,l
: -90'
For w _ O3
". -:-:
_:.:::re.
-. .-:
R : 1k
' ..
,.e have:
CR :
'koS:.1
: - r:lti
.: l
10-3
uF
o_2
_ 0.lviv
andphase
lY"l = lolx lo
lv,l
: lov/v
andphase
-9"
iS:
I
jCR
10 ad /
: as magnitude
=
: "
l0 X 1
, :
: lradls
- -... r-iagnitude
1X1
'
100
V/V
and phase
theintegratortransferfunc-
--ll0
is:
RL
o limit
the magnitude
of
- I
(+)
lO0Orad/s
R -lM4-r=R,:
_ l00
l|
00
lOk
Exercis 2-7
xz2.21
Slope= Ao=104V/V
9Vl(mv)
x2.23
V: V
V'o: '-'
Vto: V,-Vot-V-
ctua1 p amp
whenV*=V-=0then
V,o : O- 5 mV : -5 mV' This inPutoffset
v1
v2
the
x2.22
,M :
SR
2Vn-u"
l5.9l5 kz
5.9
kHz
with
Using equation (2.42), for an input sinusoid
fruency f : 5 f
"'themaximumpossible
at the utput
amplitude that can be accommodated
vo: Vt
Vra: Vr-Vt
V,s: V*-Vo'-V_
Vl
: V'-v
:
-Vos : -5mV -5mV
is:
Thus. the transfer characteristic V versus 6
V_ Vo^^'(*)-
lOX{:
zleal
\
V,7(rnV)
Exercise 2-8
].]J
' _ ::_lirn(2,44) we have:
- '. R. - 1"R.
- .,n-\X1M:.1 V
_
x:.2.26
R.1
-'.
-+_+_.]aHz
D _ R'R. - okXM
' Rl +R2 10k+1M
_J
=,:k
- ].]k - 1k
- - .. alue of R3 the new vaue of the output
.=:c r using equatin (2.41))is:
w,
, -
Anu'u=+
Af = f n
we know
logAo:
f6-|5z
20
16 and f
,:
: L'
un
3 Mz,therefre
r(indB)-3 : 106-3 :
3dB
is:
t1
,'
.-
Open-loop gain
],'-g,=12:2mv+2mv/
(K
Therefre:
ms
llV-2mV... lmS-6D=l _
al- z oe(L\
"\.f I
6D
open-loop gain a
z roffi :
:100 H =
8O
dB
zroffi:60dB
open-lop gain a
z roffi :
l2kHz=
48 dB
los'],M'
-60
kHz
.]4
dB
x:2.27
:
.
'.
.:-
.: .
'
*-
tr
---------
.!.1
R/
- l00=R. -
' - 3 frequency
': -r.:rl':
I0M
lv
CRo
:,_ . RC : ms and
: = o=C:
.1 F
I
lk()/
().
Vi(+)
l FX lOM
: 1rad/s
F.xercise 2-9
\yr(*)
slope=sR
We hae
-20
^i nls
: --l1
CRJ,,
10 dr
tr
:J 20:---!x10x
1
CR
1ms
CR: X1ms:.5
Since dc gain of the op amp is much larger than
the de gain of the designed nn_inverting
amplitier, we can use equation(2.35).
Therefre:
r,,. _
__ l ur
-Rr
2z
ence ,
2z
100
x:.2.29
f w,V SR
JL
ThaisV=S-4=y=
2n[,
.1
l.6
0.
lV/S
lX
l.6
1.28 s
Ex: 2.30
x:2.28
-9X
*,:
20
f':
''
V,
Thus, r,'
t, - 2.2L
t
0.35 s
15.915
kz - 15.9kz
2V o
^^"
Using equation (2.42), for an input sinusid with
frequency
f :
5f
',themaximumpssibe
( ' \- X1 - 2v peak)
t,
vomal\1)
Vo:_ I/
'"' s -..r--.-.
Exercise 3-1
lu
.^''.]
tu)
e^
1'l2t). x62
1n-5
sl.1
1,
. . , -.^ r,l
j)
-i-\(
,:,t/cm
r i. -
-1'1_s
12t12
. , h2. 1n 5 .
1.5
1r/cm3
cncentration
11
= ]]
=-
-:
l0\1
/cm3
D,,
35
"*'/,
35
Dn
35
110a121m;2/s
1081m;2/s
.^s
lum
qD'
_ lm _
J"
lO'
56
_:l8um:
/ml:
1
lxl04
'.
:
6.75
m : lO-acm
X
101 m/s
LP
uV
1350 X 25.9
X 1
= 35 cm2ls
Do :
|,E
cm/s
15/(m)3
:1.6x1Or9x35X18X15
: _56 10'6 A/(m;2
_ 56 A/(m)2
For1, : 1m: JnxA
_,
1o
o'.dn(x)
o'--V
, ',".
_ :
J- :
= trnn "-driff
Ex:3.6
1'5/cm3
-. _'*_ :
---------------l-)
10-
Er" -i4
/cm2
1Oa
no
=A
"t
-^r,r
r{1
1.08
Driff current
J":
- a,:
= :
d.
dn j lOs-0-:
-dr1
16
:.
, lrl
_ .._'Y.l^ : l.5XlOa/cm]
--
.a,,1
.1Orl)r
i r i"l
j 1 {' ': :
Il - : :'--_
1v
2x 10
Ex3.5
11/cm3
-l
lll/C
'
qno
: Aqnpn
:0.25X1O8X1.8X14
:27A
Nte 0.25 m2 _ O.25 X ]0 8 cm2
_ .rj /cm
- :
/?i at
.^.,
i.l
= 1.6x 1o-9x1O6x135X
.::')
r:--.:-
Jn
,l
CM
-_
__ 21". -3ps
6.75 / t}l
lengh
i:\l
2 m
uV1
12.4
cm2
Ex:3.7
Equation 3.26
480 X 2_5.9
ls
X 10
|-
\eclse
increase.
s one can see frm above equatin' t
carrier-concentratin (pn) by a factol'f
?(#),.
w2
'"
_1-,
minority
=+(H#)""
_ Ir(:): (#c--
N,
Ex:3.10
: n"|(ffi-k)
Equatin 3.14
)w'
Np
n a p+ n dide 1 >>
D,,an. D"
'
since
Ex:3.8
l,) by
(=
then'n"'"''
We can neglect
since Na >>
fi
as Cmared
to
fi
Np
ltes .t,1
Ot
" _
t,:
,#--
li-
quaion 3.28. ,
since N1 >>
quation 3'29.
QJ:
- lq.
/va
-
on'?(#".:fr^)
1o
|.45 X 1O-I1
'r,
=w#: ,,(r&J
1.6
x lo
^r#+fo)
W since
re
(1.5
1or)2
';''
'ol..",lI
.rru":1.45X10
: .2 m
e >> o
lx: 3.12
Q''
: A"lflNDv
Ex:3.9
nexample3'5'
No :
n,'
--.j-
1Ol8icm3 and
0'166 m
jO8la + 2l
:- -J91+i
-L\lo'*
lorn/
i *"r '"
1l6/cm3
(1
w:
16/cm3
: N:
|'66 X 1-5 cm
Ob5}
Ex:3.13
juction dide
n the n_region of this pn
..
r(ru'u'-\)
l'
AqN oW
Equatin 3.30,
nn
#-,
.[
'o
";;
,\'/)
7fr
Ex:3.11
-{qN,
quation 3.21
,D^
AQni-L,
.'' s=
here apProximatelY
the,"r*
facto of 2'
ln
6.8
1O-5
cm
a/cm]
o,: oo(##J*
.608 m
Exercise 3-3
= !,i_j X
1-6
1O_19t#$
,,e,erse Current :
l'X
tr
1.6
s : on":(+r".:ft;)
-t, x
11.5
10t";'
quation 3.51
10x1O_4x
-_] 1O'15
L2^
- (5 x 510-4)2
:25ns
Equation 3.57
18
It)
"( 5X 1 4X1O16+
:
Ex:3.16
pC
9_63
X 6.08 X l_5 cm
: (-r),
1018
",
n example 3.6'
_L{
o :
ilrrli 3.zE,
T7
('--#)(#')
:
3"1pF
m;n 3.47
Cto
;; Vo
'n
_r.f
t,,'
10'12
2
OS14
: -2 PF
f,b
f,-15
_- cQ
(L'-,
_
,J'- dv' '
1018/cm3
1016/cm3
1'o:
25 ns
2s x lo-'q_)o.t
\zs.q x to-r/
...c.:
" r
Assuming No >> N
:'4
l{.:-
96.5
pF
x to-r
rercise 4-1
(c)
Ex: 4.1
cuffent
flo\/S through
R and
V6 :
0 ' The
1:0 t
in Fig E4'1
results is the transfer characteristic
x:.4'2
"
in
is fortiarcl biased, so it conducts resulting
input sigofthe
half
:
negatie
the
Duing
0
, o
The diode does
na1 1' the dioJe is reese blased'
flwing in the
current
n
in
resulting
nt cnduct
: o and UD
circuit. S .'o
7)o
-5
(d)
in Figure E4'2
Thrs esls in the ravefotm shown
Ex:.1.3
.to-
i,,
_ 10v
1k
dc component
1: -
_Ll
l
3.18
of
: 0+51
L5
_ l0 mA
ro =
:2mA
1^
-o
-5
1
- l
(e)
3
xz 4.4
Vo:3
(a)
1V
2.5
5-o:2*A
2.5
v:0v
1k
(b)
'f'
t: 5-1
1
4mA
+3V
7:lV
+2
2.5
ko
+lv
Ex:4.5
v:5V
v^r: i1l
10-
:
so+R : !
lmA
.'.R:3.133k
Exercise 4-2
;.
*.r
:3 '.1oc(f)
V, :
-:"eraure
_ 10k
-->
+
VCC_
25 mV
vD
- rrx2sx10'"'"*(#)
Vr_V,:2.3XVrlogl'\
Vz: V.2.3
'
\t,)
First:iteration
]/o 25
= j.J X 10
v.og(b\
V,
16
x zs x tO_rlogq4)
'\/
o.7 + 2.3
Second iteration
-_,m
- 1] _
!t
2.5
x l0_:
lnr 'l
\6-9
X lO ')
x ro '''l
,:5*0'679:0'432mA
10k
v2
= r.\
-: . ],l ,/ OX lO 1\
69 X il'/
o.i
+ 2.3
0.679 V
x to
2.s.3
0.68
r,o*[o''132)
'\ 1 l
.'.
o.43
m,
V, :
0.68
l^
"
jJ
1_0.7
I0 k
.4_]
drop at 1 m
Ex:4.11
.i
'
lv
_-lu
Imo
^: ::1 erse leakage current
'
--
't]
doubles fr
jncrease, at 4"C
.:4A
-]XlM:4.0v
,':1u
4'
x1
0.2.5V
;ui J li'l
-:
.3:lt1on
,- ]
V drop at
,,
, .*.,-- - 0.7V
m current.
1m: /-se
: rro'' V, _
o'1/V
-\'.
.,k
::
1r
1m
=.:
1i -
6.91
25 mV
X 1
16
O.679
xercise 4_3
:
- j
3
(d)
o. u
: se
^-
'
6.9t
'"e
X l0 'o
.*(:s
' t''
3)
54.6 m
10-2-4
2.5
545lO-t
+'r#
:1.72m1^
:139
-5V
xz 4.|2
(e)
(a)
3V
5V
v:3*0.7
2
2.5
'#
:7.72mA
:2.3
1V
+
V
:0.7
(0
(b)
5V
1:oAt*
2.5
v-1+0.7
:1.7V
+3V
+2
I
v_5
+1V
Ex:4.13
V,
"
(c)
/p : 0'1 mA
1o:lmA
1o
10mA
:0A
fa:
f=
25X10 3 :250
O.1
1'3
2570-3
lX1''
25X l0_]
1 X |O_'
f,---".,")
"
25
4
x:4.14
For small signal model, using equation 4.1 5
-5V
D
: -' r'uo
"
^^
- b.^u^
V,
(|)
Exercise 4-4
l:,:1:nia mde1
b.
: i l]/vr
For
vlvT
:-: ir, : iore
jt
\2)
c.
-i
'l\-
small
signal
.
.
:
-10
-5
+5
+'l
vt\
o.zsv
re
\'. iage
r: #^ - --j___-] :4lx l
,
iot
I_
.
t)
' :-'.:mi:l:lm
dide_
vlv''
ia:
=
V, :
expo.
model
-0.4
-0.33
-0.2
_.18
+0.2
+0.22
+o.4
+0.49
nA
,o'7525.l
"
lf iD_ 5-i':5-1:4m
v"
vr"(?)
:25xlo
:
0.1443
,Xnr 4X l-j )
\4.'7 x lo tol
:4xo.7443:2.97'7
sochangeinVo
2.9'77
23 m
Ex:4.16
For a zener diode
V'o1- rr,
10:V,n+0.1 X50
V9
I
: 9.5
Forlr:5n,4
V.,,
+1-5V
vo _
9.5 + 0.05 X
50
9.75
x:4.17
5.6
0to
2OmV
-.:::blem *
i,' -
'-' . ::.j1
si_qna
t m
- il
_;_ .. _
,"
"
5Zk:5X1
]5
-<
m,\
25mV
"
5 ()
5m.
: 15
2
2.4k
mA
- ro,
20
15
5.
m
4-70 dL
P...:
]X
]X_,.6: 112mV
Exercise 4-5
Ex:4.19
Ex:4.18
15V
t no lad Vz
5.1
FR LNE REGULATON
a.
Vo:
" =
0.7
Line Relati on
o
i
200+1
33.s
\tzfil
180
'
175.2"
(_)
b.oo.u"e:
:
vro
rz
Vo
'
-,'r,
rffiV
- -/;A
* | rvrsin-V,)d
;
- y..os
=!_[
2'
Vo lt _
'
-vo
1
For v, : l2"D
andvD
0rt - 0.7
: j-:-l:
? :'z
uo^un
o!7
5.05 V
2)1
Exercise 4-6
'
Peakcuen
_
_ r'_,-v, :12,J-2_0.7
"R1
-5_:
l2'.-: o.7
163
,,=-tr,s:0rt
-,-\'
2( ._ 2)
2
,oo
2[ - 2sn (j+
____
x
2;s
['-' 4"]{
t00
97.4
yo is
vv)-.t\_,
z-_',o_-_2x12,[2
f
otput ,. -\
i,-;]
r1
) to
:2
t2J1 - o.i +
:33.2
("- + )
VS
Vo
r = ].n t(Y!\
output
2vo
\Y,si
-- - lsin '(b\
\Ysl
,;:ge
'1
-[
l.
*r,
''L
- Vrcos@
(75sin@_v,)dl
'r
-
V ol| :u,
r:*
Clrrent
'-.:s12V(rms)
rin_l/%)
\ 7,/
||J|vrsn
2'I-
:-[2V
Vrcosl
2''l7
cos(-)--
-2:
=Vo',r:
1t/
"s -2Vrt
7'1 11 t1
2Vil
_ 2V
o1 _',
2V o _
But cos
Vo.u, __
- t_ -y,
-vs
'.
'
nrt
x:4.21
mA
-.7
0.
lv
rercise 4_7
Peak Vage
_Vs-2vp _tZ.J2-t.a
R
t
- 156 m
lv : ys V : l2.fz 0.7 :
(ir.n' \^ _ (
:
16.3
lll
t-
V,,
R: C
V,,
J.
(b)
aD.
l\r
,s
a
i
V,,
D2
;!:/..rhus:
ionu:'|!!nl
\''
llRC
vPe
v,,- v,. :
Tt2
ve
R'
discharge is nly
v, _ v,,(
'
Rc-1
or CR >>
is consl.
,,
- _
,'
'
cos} f 1,
- c!,V.
d |'
: -Csint.'lVo*,
: -Csin(-t) V,, *
'
sin(
T /2
-r)
lD,ru,
: -r. Thus:
: Cr lV u
1
lv'
ir..r. - C'|j'lv,'+'
,y yi,
. T/2\
+_t
RC)
2fRC
SUB
(a)
: cv,'
l.
assuming
vu
i"o,,/
it- ir*i',
.
^d ,.
n''
D...*:a
7j
RC
:.V,,|-|
-,
Tt2
Ttz
|
,
l2 +
rv
P;l-1 o
' ' 2V
_ l,lr
'l
0:
11'
v,,
ot =
Dl
Y{,
'
.
--!-2JR
'D.r--]lR''a
x:4.22
Jo,
SUB
(a)
- /r+
2f
sub (a)
for/
2V,RC
Exercise 4-8
--,
-'^./]
pV''1
-li.,
rad
,v r
- r''i,fr] aED
2x1
- ! '''.
\,' il
0._]6
2O."7"
The average and peak diode currents can be calculated using equations (4.34) and (4.35)
|4'9.
i^._
l00 ()
,\ : l|1 + 2 #)
- 2.74 A
/n"o
V of he dides
- ys
'::::
16.2
rating of 20 V.
',
- - 2V o61e-'tRc
: : .i the discharge interval
--..
2Voo V,)
x:.4.24
: l2J' - O.8 :
o, cabe expressed as
ltage,
:.'
i+
,--]
*;
.'onstant RC >>
2RC
A1
t,.
Llo
,*t
-^-
2\' V, _
(V
zv oo1(
1K
T ,. 1 \
- -^-l
2 RC)
.r
_|Vu-2VD't;a
12.f,2 and
'1.8
V,
] _ : X .8) X
_ .:.2-1.61 _
_ 60 - 0
_''.
,.
260xl0\C
,"o
lzol F
= : l-2x0.8:
--']rent
is
- _.'-:in -
12
1' - 2
100
x0'8 -
t\.'l\/v
,-lt
yr1n]
- ,,
l.5
1o )
mA-----g-J
0.7
^ _- 25
1.5.4v
=:.:-2X.8 L:'o.nu
2
].
0 mV
:.io:i"-iffi-I
r :|1399
_::.:
k'D
1m
l'\e "r'tlv
D:
*')* .
x t 'tn[lo
"
lm/
V_-1mV
: 0._58 : .01
: 0.59 \'
Forz', - 11a
-\
O.58 V
Exercise 4-9
Forr-5V
:1m
:0"
Vl:o.'lv+1kX1m
:1.7V
For , : - 1 V, the diode is cutoff
.'.uo:0V
idea1 amplifier
V : -12 V because it is
7)
-_
- 5 t- i(]
'1
l5)
-(-cr-flu
-'_ ,))
Forlr>5V
Diode D2 conducts and
I
_.
: 5+)(-s'l
x 4.25
-(cs*'')v
\'' )
)
x 4.21
peak output
Reersing the diode resuts in the
oltage being clamped at 0 V:
1l,} -diodeiscutoff
,,
1l,
load
O - dide conducts and opamp sinks
cuffent.
ilo:
erethedccmponent of
x:,4.26
l k
D1
5V
D2
+
5V
for
and
-5 ,<
.,,,
l,
+5
o: V : -5\'l
rercise 5_2
-'- 7)c
w
l
+ 3.5 V.
Uo1)c+l-4.-5v.
(e)For
o _
-O.02
75 and
(nAvD -
r": -!_ :
l2l
:
667
.5v
ov|2('
= 75 (1.04)
+ |i Iu,r|)
Vr,
l
82-5
_].
4.5
18m
O.
,^
: 0{
V,,,)
oRo
V,n)'
72 A
...R-1.8-0.8:13.9k
72
78
AtVo : OV,
o : 75 A(1.1O) :
0.72
saturatinmode (u5p
] .
l, _ )l,:"lv
.''
and |Vrr|
Ex:5.10
667 k
Ex:5.8
o _
'
),,c,,'YrrbrO.3
])
_' '
J.|/!
1u60
2 1000
Vs:
_Rs
n
1.5
l.s
v"J
V=R,
(-2.s)
-v
b
.S.t
3.33 k
ll
" DD
"
Vou
o :
72
2.5
.3
Ex:5.9
+
0.4
= 7k
0.8 V, V
0.-5
(saturation)
V _ Vov _ .3 V
1.8
Ex: 5-l
t/
v t)
o.3
.'. l{:
.3
Vcs
ou
v-
o.-l
12 A
I
Ro: l2.4x2:24.8k
V cs : 5 V, ssume triode
region:
o :
1.8V
- l,(s
f,
lvDS
+)
- 8.8yDs + .4 : 0
V os : .05 a V ou =+ triode
1^ - 5 0'0_s _ O.2m
"
24.8
=
/r, :
0'5 V'
nCn',
.4 m /
Vs
region
Ex:5.12
s indicred in Exampe 4.5,
tr/]
"
V, fbr
saurati n region.
the transistor to be in
V,
xercise 5-3
rM
i.-1',:5-1:4V
]]11l|l'
']li]ill
." ra
'-
|11]1
D max
Ex:5.15
vDD *v Dmin
D
= ,!l ::-\ :
.ainj,,= -8v
]1lll = lt-
:
m:-=i-_'__:
1.6 + 1.8
l-.:
_i{
rffi
'xlxV
r.8
then
3.4
1.6
3.4
0.32
1.8
o"
)t'"f
{v
",
)'
V,
M,
_ 5-3.4
R,
t :
!;'r,:
l)i
,ffiirll"
O which
implies the transistors are turned off and Ip,
=
tm s"i$
/,lffi,,,
np = o.
12 k
_:
= 5k
1rr:
1o
1)'
o"
O.5(1.5_ 1oD)2
{,"
-2.sv.---l
}l
il1
25
iil =
=:'-."
; .} m
,,[,
iw
r,,;
,lliu,'l
ir
:*,1
'''
= {"l-
ko_5.56mA/V2
0.
1 m
1.8 + IDR
l002o"
32
o" + 2.25
O =+
1r,
: 0.104 m
oo: 0,Vo: 10 X0.104 : 1.O4V
V t : -2.5 V: Again if we assume thd
Op is
turned on, then > -2'5 V and V651 < O which
Q7
is turned
ofi
Exercise 5--4
",
Ex:5.17
: !xl
\"!(Vro - ly,l)' 2
(u{ + 2.5
vro
l1t
, _2
(- 0D + .))
m ) V o : -10 X .104
=+ p -- 0.104
:-1.4v
Vs : -l0or+2or:
-.rO__l
Ex:5.16
Voo
V, :
7p, :
ln :
7J95
Vo,
V'
0'4
1.8 V.
.6
V.
k'=0.4mA/V2
w:10
'
: 1'8 v
RD _ 17.5 k
V, : 0'4 V'
l'o
k":
:0
RD
om
L65: V,:o.4.,,,:
Ups
1'8
V'
Uc: I)cs-Un:Vt:o.4'
Ucs
ucs
o:
:
27n, + 3.4
9o'7
V',
0.2
_-
v.,
k'v^":8O0/V
nL
:
ups :
Ex:5.18
*Vor:5V
: Vn:
1'8
v',
triode'
1.4.
Vor.r= v
= 'Yv^,,
L
cs
0.213.
'4
0'1585
rr5: (k',Vn) :
Vo|c,
'+
(C)For cslc
Vou:
v,l'nrl _
-:su."-
0.613
for
35&r-
17.5
(a) Vo
4mA/V2
[1.8
179
ffir:
18 mV'
Exercise 5-5
M1,,
_]
ilr,
lm'/v2
v.
It =
*., :
.'.
t*':
R----->..
r.o,
ll
8^
Ex:5.20
Voo
oo:|'r'
',
m'E'fr.{-,__
R', :
500 k
Jl.&Mfi:5:knvovRD
'
*, :}_l|
U_
*:
11[
r,
,#i:,
flh:
0-19
-119
oRo
v.
A/V
fi = rt*s k
1l^= L'*-*V,
ffi' =
,,';|".
lfrl <
h5.!'
a- 26i<vt
-
o:27
m.
as
12.5 V6u
*'oo- V,
ff4ris
13
Rc
|!t"u;)n"
]6Rin
i#,
Uo
-.__-.
acs
J-
i,f..
r-
4.3
12.5 vov
Voo: 5.
V6': 2'
Vr:lV,
:0
n : 2o A/V2
R: 10
:z
L
(a)Vcs:2V+Vor:1.
: zoo
lo :
)lr'Yrv'o,
Vs:Voo-oRo:
(b)
c-
: u'uou:
(c)
(d) U8,
Ua, :
aos :
(e)
'!':ug"
+3v
40o A/
r-Ro: -4
0.2 sintV.
-Q.8 sinr
Vs
Using (5.43)
o:
+
)lr,1v"r-V,)'
kn(V cS
_ V t)s,
io : 2 A
\"!,
+ (8 )sin
+ (8 )sin2or
v.
Exercise 5-6
+ (4
= [2 + 80 sin'
F,xz 5.24
4 cosr)]A
1, shitlsby 4 A
?,, 4
2D: , -: *l :
'
Ex: 5.21
O.0557l
v nv
,W'^'': !xo
,
2
| g, : r*'": --l- ^
x 4 X (l.5 - 1)Vy = 0'5 V
/o : 30 : 0'3 mA'
. - 2x0"1 : l.2mA/V.
2|6 A
:
:' 2o - 2x2|6
"" 1.6-1
2Io
0.72 rnA/V
ri
= 0.04
Vo:9:50k
']
v^L :
:ffi
- 8. =
/o = 0.5 m
8. :
r,,
x
m/v
1'55
Vo
-C
-- 11
0.5
5.22
: o.t
o:-1v
/tr
'--^
'
]2"{ ''r'1
2lo u
"_ 7''
vA
: 100 V/V
Ex:5.26
: :
2Vo
Vo
|1
v t) 5 X
.8
0.2
-8,,(R, il to)
(5.'7 Ro _ R, li ',
(5.10)
50/V2
8, : 7 mAlV, k" =
20.1 - 0.2 V
r,
'
V nu
,'
'"r
V'oxL: VA
, : 0.8 m + ,,
fA,
2o
0.216
Ex:5.25
8
I
:25Vim
_1:
- .4
25x0.8: 92.6 k
Va
r,, : -!;1D
.5
r''
720
A,,o
|,'W',2
^YL
o = 1r"uov_:
- )u
x 0.2
2X.1
2o
k"vrou
lO
10
Ex:5.23
8,,,
: 'C,,"V,
s
Same bias cnditions'
L and
same Vy and a1so same
andMoS.
VnCu.,W
^Yt
- w,
: l"uCo"W,
g"'
for both
A-''
PMOS
*l2: o.4:Wo
cS
R.
-8",Ro6fr,
!.r,:
,,
R,
-^
_ ''
loo * R1
-g,,(Rli R.)
same as (5.75)
z.s
.xi 5.27
D
r
8mgs
RD
20K
-8,(Rr!|
rril
R)
Exercise 5-7
91
:-(-
7-J
:]mS
ru
=ffrir-R=20k
= G,, : -gn'|| r'll
fih'
.,4
Gr,:uo:=Ls,Ro
Uri
l]
R","
8.:10m/V
2o 2n
^ i"=:
8^:
,--!- +1r:
V v
0.2v.
#::k
a:
R," -_
\:
fl'
R:}
: (j)'o
- -4
R.) -
0.5
m / v)(2 k)
+10
Ex:5.30
CD amplifier
_20 /
= lq) 2vv :
Rsig + R'n
V.
-*''r."-q,:1v'
'' l* g,R,
:9l
as,:a,t" l g'R''
mV.
rm +
;
o= 0'9
"srg
1V
l'.
--+
z
Ex: 5.31
CD (surce follower)
*]S
_
'frffr
5m!
+ g-R' :
] _ g.Rs 2 mv
n-s k
t - -
g.(Ro ll
l*g.Rs
* ffir$*. : 1V.
R.)
_20
4
_t
Rnu:2O0: L-r.:5m/V
6m
'.
-5
: o''uov :
(0.4 mA/21
(f).r' vl+f : s
: o.zs
lo :
)l,'"rvf,u
8'.R
| * g.R,.
G,,:
"
for| K<R.<1K
.83<Gv<0.98
xercise 5_8
Vr_Vrr_-_2_(_5)_6k
0.5
l-)
+Rs:6.2k
Ex:5.32
,
"s
":'X1X(vcs-1;2.A1so
Vcs : -Vs : 5 - RslD
2o : (-
6.2)2
+ 38.442D - 51.62D + 16 :
1 : O'49 m,0'86 m
A.,,o: oulo,,--:
ro
I
f t
l1\o
#k"
1,, =
: -5 +6.2x .49=-1.96v
Vn:5-6.2x0.49=*1-96V
-6m
.l^/
()
/, -
------L
() -()
-
2o
_ , 'V,,ul
2v-j
\',YrV
or
'4
l, W-.2
''2
vov
)k"|vb=}
Vou:1V+Vcs:1+1:2V
\--Vn)Rr:;_-6k
+ Ro : 6.2 k{t standard value'
V'
.5 mA
:\{v""_
RDD-|)2
(V., _ Vo:
F=1.5Vthen:
= O.l25m
"
6.2 D)2
Ron)
+ :0.49 m
0.49
1'96 V
Ex:5.36
Using Eq.4.53:
75
Ex:5.34
D - Voo_Vo-5-2 _ 6k
D
0.5
D
+Rp:6'2k
_ ' l
_
}
\o"vbu+o.s
'"
'+Vou: \
+Vcr:Vor+Vr:1+1:2V
9tzr: -2
Vo
{ V : 5 - 6.2x
l.512
":'X1X(ycs-1)2
Vor: 2.
- ,,
-_
4ou'
- V )'
x l(2
nA
: Lx l(Ycs-l)
r^ _- 1
'D
2
0.5
Ex:5.33
o:
M t
_ 0.5x2:1=
2'v(,
tbr Vo : 20 V.
V,,
A1- __ O.qq - _-r_
Vlv
( Yo)
Y Vb,
(w/L\,
- ,ur|#ij,loro _ '5X:
I
nr
lntr
0.1
0.1 m
o. _ \* (i),vu
2 : 0.25='Vo:
'
O.5
.8
Vcs:vo+vt:1-5V
+t./-:
' (;
5l 1.5:
.1.5V
Exercise 5-9
(-3.s)
.1
It
;t
I'
--
'n
8.5
P'-= ^l''
l2-l^_ lm
: v. : 150 k()
'o !
D
"ov - 0.5 v
t/
For
;,1"-
_
\''YrrL" V,,v
-
1.O
v.
r,
--)
15
-13.6
Roo, :
Rol| ,o : 13.6 k
R,n A,,^ Rt
..
c,' R'n + R.,, ""RL Rn,,, Uns : 7'o : Vor* 1,
10v
D
r5K
= 2.5 + Gv(o.4
6 is a2.8
a2.5 d,
Ex:5.39
"
voltage.
8^g"
- lOv
g-----4
:2.5V
-R- :
+15
- 1m/V
9mrogs
ro
\/o
---o
4.0 v.
ii
RJ
I
:
('l) ()
,1
-t
_ ",-:!!L
' RD-rolRs
R.*ro*Rs
"RD
(3)uo:
\\'e \\'an
-rn-Rr(l
.o
l g.r0\
8.r R o
Rn _ r _ R'(1 i 8',ro)
Exercise 5-1 0
nl
-t.l
U'
_'
l,
using (3)
Ex: 5.41
"
|Rr:
_
8ro)
-8-roRo
+
(Ro+r)+Rs(l
2(Ro 16)
1 I g,nro
^
'
R, :
g,:1mS
basedon
15
21s_5
3 Ro
8'ngs
Rin
- g.roR
* ro
, r :
15
K,
Ex:5.40
8^: 1mi V
r _ 150 k
R'n : Rc
8u,o
z,o
, :
^u
| - 8.'"
8",\rr ll
R.l
e'o] )
1 rr
^
:6nl | ,o
.-
a)
ro
f.J
_ 1m/V
For R.,, : 50
t' _ 1 : lk
8n,
15 k
A.,,o: *1nR_
Au - g,n(Rpll n.l :
^ :
U,
R,n
;J^' -
+15
+
'l
.l
47M
4.7
4,.
.0
0.993
4,,
0.938
0.932
R.ut
.993 k
kf,)
'7.5
(b)
G,,
''x5.42
See the next Page
Gv
1k
3.',75
10
.68
0.07
150 k
Rin
6nl
tn,, : R :
',:
0.768
Exercise 5-1
F 6
' 5_
s',o*'nfz;vu*ffil
IW, = 0.8 + O.4[ J + 3
- J'll
W,
r=
[j
Exercise 5-12
Ex: 5.43
V.,.: *1YV.
.-y,:3v
: -2V
io:
)"Yr{V"r-V*)2
:lxzxJ2:9m
2
Exercise
=
-
1r.
lsa :
B'T
,;, :
Is
"""f1,l
usrn Q_ll
L1J
vtt
: tr.
= a5! rnV
10
tu
10
[,
10-18 A
1l : to-'u, J9l
10
]
.01
25
29.9336
748 mV
Ex:6.6
V6r^: -|5
150
-""
15
< .3
= f,"- ,
-0'01446 m
*]iii.ffis1 m-\
illL,rltffi m_q,
4rr
][r
l.JJ6
:'_4]5o
099
4r.- -$t6:,*
4
-
li ftl_J6
u3,
- f, 'l 'r
d,r
ff
690 mV
16': lmA
,l]].
ln d:
ForactiverangeVr>V"
1.446
--u)
25
R.(max)
l_l5
vcc-0'690
C
-5-.69
: 4.31 k
ff
Ex 6.7
: 10'15
rea.: l00XArea,
1r. : 1 X 1s : 1_13
1s
Ex:6.8
VB'V
VsC'vT
'
lc:1se
-SCe
fori.:g
vB'vT
VBc'|l
.
: sc
'
lS
m-"
ll
* .il
lilfi
1_'6
: ,sh
' &l
La"-l
[14]
- m-]l
{,s {
V-n
:
:
- zsln !!_l
L1l
_}
= ,] mV
6-l
10'
r,.[r
c
+
]]
1mA
,
SC
V/ V
l, - uta'ut
: r(u',
Vc\i
|--xerclSe o-.
:.V c
,, -
1O
l_i] l001
Vc:25|n
Ex:6.9
vo' vt
ic:seo''-sce"
x:. 6.12
x Emitterrea
l15mV
v^c/vl
u'
sovr'u' ''
rrru"
i."
-
!l
,,,,."o:
<
,a|*o
- Vgr VT '
-sc
^ lc
B|,VT
''
+ B rre
,'B'
vBC\/vT
- \Vg
_
/sL
re "
- ^
P
:1;,
, /s.
ts( -tr"", --.Sal/v
'_Sc/S
^ e'"
y y^_si/ y-
'-Brr/'
e"
:
n,""
200/25
10o
7#"
100
10
1;1
0.2219 :22'2
Ex:6.10
, Vg/VT
-:g
':
2m --
Vs:
51
50
2srn
,o_
Fig6'12
:
: 10O, V"u : o'8 V at .
V urr' V : Vr|n | gr/ 6'l
: 25 0.693 : 0'1733
.'.Vsz: 0.817 V
p. __ Vcc: Vc _ l.5
.('
EC
.5 k
:50
^ Vrr-V"'
_-(ts
- l.5 0.817 x
2
:338
/ v
nv
,n''l
[4 " H,
Ex: 6.13
+10v
650 mV
+1
r:
!xz
1.96 m
"
:S:
39.2
Ex: 6.11
,: r"uu''": l.5A
!.V : V. ln[1'5 10-1]
: 25 x 25;734
: 643 mV
-10v
Fig 6.13
Exercise 6-3
-0.7
Ex:6.15
-7'+ l0
m!
ffi
imr
.91 m
_-91 _5
ftfisv
: l
'
-l0v
^vB:
:
k[)
v
+1.7
olmm
vc
_2x30
-60 mV
-60mV
^v 1, is constant
Since
f. is constant
.'.
z.: 6
Ex:6.16
_ f
&M
r_7
ic:
A+C,
_
ar,d
.'.
-rfl
l_ffs _
0.99
il*6fi
u'-ff _
rlll
* c*c
ll^ffi
165
: - 1.7-5 v
ro
reu""'V
a
ro
vA
ic : rru''u' *'rr''r:u'''u'
vA
1""v/v l + 9sgl
"
voJ
QED
ic:
re'B"'v
,.:
- !
:. iC :
QED
*!!
ro
inFig(a)
rv/v
piu +
k
ro
as in
Fig
Exercise 6-4
x:6'11
,o_
c _
VA (V)
()
16(m)
0.1
l.o
ro
100
10
1)OO1
0J01
ro
l6
ro
lM
1O5
l
t4
0 k
l00 k
vrr-vc
Rc
1-5
10
0.5 mA
Vs _ Vs+
:
:
0;7 + 10
R
0.01
.8V
zl.,
,- -- l0 -0..l _ 9.7
'(
lOK
'3
O.97 m
x:6.18
_lo
Vru:
rl
V'u_'l1 1
,x: 6.20
10v
Fig 6.8
By similar triangles BD AC
l-Ic
ro LV rt
D AD rl'. lm - l00 l l
100 + 11
;r
C A
:1Xll110
vc
:1.99m
:1.1 mA
Ex:6.19
F Vr6
s:
Fig 6.20
0
Transistor is OFF
6 : 0
Vc : Vcc- cR..
:.
: +l-0
: +l0v
Rc:lk,:50
(a) active Vc : 5 V
Exercise 6--5
x:6.
+10v
* ]\'
/c
$l
vc
*-|'c
'a
vE
*0
li]]':
l.
IM
1l
Vt: Vt-0.1
:4-0.7:3.3V
R":
_ 3'3v :6.6k
= 0.1 m
[:_{L\
.5
$ lid]
>r{ru 90-ctive)
_-_
:rr69:0.3V
t-0.3 :
,(,,-
:'r-
r{
0.2
1.94
Vr: V'+2
:4 + 2: +6V
p^ : Vcc- Vc
'I
* 10_6:8k
0.-5
,hanged)
: t0x0.1 : lm
frl_ r!-: :
9"8 k)
,
l[l
x:6.A
+10v
rifr
4.7
0.2
3.3
*[Nv
ii*:
\'
$.o oa
po.""d: 5
:,
Then , -- 5 g
r= 6 "
Eg 6.22
m ;,;5 :
* ,i-:
n ffi.i *
lL:
1i'.
iJ
*
{
:
{*
0.3
_]
1.]25 m
jj-0.7
1 * 0.2
: 5x4.7+6x3.3
:0.226mA
V":6,3.3
:4.48
Vur: V, * 0.1
: 5.18 V
Exercise 6-6
E;xz 6.21
6.25
+1v
+10v
+5V
Rc
2k
+0.7
10
0.4
C
>-
+0.3
0.3
Rc
50<<150
-1v
n actie range
I - 5_ 0'7 :
10 K
vr:0
%:
+0.7V
V,-
:4.65 m
, -- 0'99 '
^ 1-.4+0.7
:
0.99
: v^--o.3
15 X 0.043
: 1.5 k
For : 5
%: 1 - 50 X 0.043 : 6'78V
For : 150
10-0.7
4.65
:2.2k
[Vlmax):0+0.7-0.4:
.O43m
+.3
v]
V.
0.3
Ex 6.28
x:.6.26
+15
+1
Rc
5k
-10
n:
r,
: 9.3k
R,:
V,:V,-4
: -4
p- - 10-4:6k
''
1
:50
vrr:1l:5
: 50ll 1
!'" : 10/3 k
v"u-vt"
, =
( + 1)]
R+
LRBB/
4.3
^
"J+-'-10
.l 51
1
1.18
Exercise 6-7
_ tr.
r
51
.'hange
5C)
Ex:6.31
1.l5 m
1.28
+5V
1.15
1.28
9.8o
OFF
6.29
+15
2.78
]
=:
=
,:0_
.-uent drawn
]1_1 + 1.252 + 2.'5
l .':5 mA
r''r'::Consumed
:
:
X
x
15
mA
mA
4.135
Ans:
1116
.39
V'
mA
: -394
+5V
:-5
_. Y
__{
0v
< \/
''yu_(-lR
: (-)3'e4 V
E.xz 6.32
+1sv
J,
@+
_1 5 -0.7
1k
ON
'az
fuil
c,:/r,Satn
+1
:-r I
: ( + 1)1,
- /
v : 7.0] m x sat'
l0 k
,,{ g
OFF
i-0
k)
rr:0
illl
*5V
iiilln,."
@v":7.03 x
_l
ll]]ru.'e,c
-,_:-0.7V
illi]t =-" ' -o'7
1r
v, _ v+o.7
:5.5V
, - 10-5.5
,,
ilrlll1t1*
:
)
liil:
]]il!,n. il[-lj:[]i:
,lili
{1
'
( + l)1B
3.94 m
-62mW
0l
"
10
a_-l
1^^1
2.7
ll":_
* l:
''17 2.7 kJ
..
:* iir': = -
-6 V
: 6.36
, 1 : 13.4 m
.7
11
2.7s +
( + 1)0.47
--9J-
l0
: -
4.8
4.35 m
1,
435
0.45
9.6 <<3o
4.8 mA
v---0.2
-
:4.8V
1,
C
B
o'2
:4.8V
0.45
} .
\'/ Ptrced -
\/ ^v cc '1
0.45 m
@1cru,l
7.03 V
5 .'. Saturation
4.8 mA
Exercise 6-8
Ex:6.38
- V c' :
'o:!-r,
.025
T
)Vc:10-8:2.V
l0_vC _ -2:8k
R^_
'
l
1m
V,-, Swing : 2.0 - 0.3 : 1.7 V
A,'
_V cc
A',:LVc_" V''
+ ]V,.|
320
: #":
;lC
Given: g-
1.
'"
mV
5.3
aV
'1c:
"r1.
l0 k
0
Ex:6.35
m
.5
25 m
o : , - lm :4mi
nl
v 25mV
10
20 m/V
:5-2sinr(r)
: B + 6"G)
_10 + 2 sin r ()
Ex:6.39
Ex: 6.36
C -- 0.5 m (constant)
:5
0.5 m
o::
m
vT 25 mV
: 20 mA/
. ' .5
5O
:10A
2.5
:200
: 20 m/V
_ 0.-5
200
2.5 m
50
,n:-:
200
20
l0k
Note: g,,
Ex:6.37
: 10
.'
__
c: lmA
1mA
25 mv
40
- l00 8- 40
r_
: _--!- 'e
+l
25 tL
mA/V
2.5k
C
VT
u-n
r"
!.
g1en ,c : i _ ('r")i,
: r"8.1( uu
\ -ro )
: 8
'"no
:rn1
l00
lF
v"o
ib!)
: -400V/V
Vc: Vcc- cRc
-15-1x10:5V
Nc(O:VC+CQ)
: (Vcc - gRg) + Au6nG)
_ (15 - 10) - 400 X 0.05 sinr
,2''v'
1m
vb"
:-4 X
:.-::
R"
Au:b:-g^Rc
ub,
d
hus '- : r"'''u'
vr
V
',
: ,
+5 V
v/V
1.7
Ex: 6.34
But
-.]2
Exercise 6-9
t: *:39'6m/V
*1][l
$ -*"
{lils
t'-
-.
l]
i'
,t
;1.4_
l{l
"
x:
'-;
X
Lbl
l"
ys
tllMm
fo:
l'
ro|l R, | R
Rcl R,
is
Avo
i\-
sk
-JF---o
: -76'2/
3.85
4.
3.9o
: -.vol
: lroll
Rc)
Rr)
"'l|-1+
*8.0ol n. n.)
l
x:6.42
For1.:1,,a
lrr'
lmr
^ :_ c -lm : 40 m/
: aO;
"
rn: : l0: 2.5k
g- 40
rrA
][
:iq9
. il:2.18v
sl l"t9: -0.99
i1fl:.,
Rc| R,)
R,
Au:
-8^RoV*
'
vt
RI+RL
_ _8^ , . RnR,
" 4;;
: _, v lroll R)n,,
ffi
r-:
-0.8v
Ec RL
''n
x6.4t(2)
Ro
To
ilffi.
* i] \_
M
]m1-
Q.
39.6 (3.s5)
;a(-)
thus effect f r
rMllr
tl
vo
: r.ll Rg ', *
- Rr_&'-)s'o|
:
t
,
:1
l-5
l4
*:
1O1
,o
-0.1
: :
C
fr
Avo
ro
]-a9
k()
2.5 k
-^(roii RC)
-:
-#r''..,
xercise 6_1
6.42 (cont.)
Rt
tU
Rs + R
2.5
5+2.5
.oo :
t,|{- U5 | -!3
U|
7o
|6|
A"
32.5
Fr 16 = O.5 m and
"m :
0.5
.2_5
:L
Rr
97.6
: -32.5l
- *fu
Rc :
+R -1x5 - 0l -.35k:35
O
'49
2o mA/v
, - 1:5.k
20
._:1:20k
'
.5
Rl.': ,: 5k
A\o : -20(200 k Il 10 k)
: - 19.5 V/
:
Rrll ro
Ro
: 10kll 2k
:9.5k
19.5 X 5
:
|\'
5 + 9.5
: -65.6 V/V
_.12.8 V/
G,, : ''o __ l , os. :
'r"2
!'_ 5 = - l=.ig
u5 5+5 2
l?,rl :
:z.X 1Om
lOmV
:0.33v
5 k + ( + 1)o.35
. : , b
v T
" - o _
ln
-_ 4Oms
0.025
l00
__
4o
2-5k
'o :25d1
'e
" : +1
Rtt: r" :25
Avo : 8-Ooll Rc) - 8,,Rc
:40X5:20ViV
A:Avor*:
c, :
:
10
Av:
#t-^
v/v
)5
500 + 25
100
V/V
0.5
Ex: 6.45
Rs:
50
R: ":
v.
:
25mV
tO
+ :25/50: 0.5 mA
Avo: *LRc : 205:10v/v
Gv:
Ex: 6.43
:40.a k
1x',:
2
40
v/v
i,:
Rst"
N
R,n.: : fnl(+l)RE
b
v, _ &.-." l_!_']f&
r
vn
R"R"
-1+--i+
r r./ ( + )
:1+&*RqED
re
r
- l00:1+1+-,r=,
5-lll
- 1o
s
P nsert 30
it'
'
.
''
: !)-:
r
U;_
and
o: 2'V
nR7
(g-V l i)R'
r
Exercise 6-1
, : ,3'3
_f11
laj_ ro: f
]1l1]l||]itllli,"
.995 m
151
7,
0.91 V/V
:
1'7
0.984,
0.995 _
1-
,oo
Ex:6.48
il:: : -ll V
l
0.3
$*.
1r{
iffilt *
*r{
]M+4
*
rs]
fr,tI
: ]57k
: a
=
=}RE+ R/(+ 1)
].l]1 m
:4.3k
:
Forindependence from
, setR,
9 RE
4.3 k
V.(min) : V* 0.3 V
VCQ : V.(min) + 2V
;;
,1
t}
g17
l11{i,*:
00
:
:
:1m
(o for C6)
-0.3 v
+10 V
x:6.49
+10v
ffii
.4.
#41
lffi|
l-
l-
:_6T
\'
:
Rc
2.4
R
]. m
10
0v
ili}
1.,i
'_i
98-1
Vc: V+o.4+2
: +2.4
R.:Vcc-Vc
'll
F
I
'_-ll:-o
1
10-2.4
:7.6 :
1
7.6
xercise 6_t 2
6.49 (cont.)
O.7)
|7|.7 k
18 +
RC-Vcc :
lower
.005
mA so
V, :
-0.5 V
-.5-0'4-2: -2.9
v: l00v
_ 1O0 k
.-" : l00
lm
o -, _ lm:40m/V
^m
vr 25m
l0 _ 2.5k
r" 40m
8,n
0.7
7.5( + ])
'.
V:c
r_
?\ ()
- -----:!-:
( + l)
Ex:6.52
Example 6.5
i*.
)
R,}
o-f- Q,
,",o
-v
-V _
_10 R,:lgk
7.5
R, ::o:
u: r/(+1):/|00
_
20
lower + 18
6.50
R,-:
9 g: 0.0196 m s V, -1.96V'0.4-2:-4.4
-
' : 9.92 p
' _ 101 x '
: 1.002 mA
V: 10 7.5(1.02)
:2.5
-{
5: upper sti 8
Using 5% resistors:
R, : 7.5 k R,, : 18 k
o.7 + aRa+
0.01 m
Vn:0-'R':
-1V
V:Va 0.7v:'1'7v
7.5 - +2.57
v^. v--( +l
_ ls..] - 19.3 k
-'^ Vrc_0.7+V
1*,,0
1
Ao
-s,"(ro
1. : (1 m): 1 m
1a : 0'0l m
V6 : 10-8k(1 m) : +2v
Yu:lOOkx(-0.01 m):
V: -1-0'7 _ -1'7v
: 100 : pper limi = \' ,, - V , - 8V
lower value + V, Vc - O.-1 \i (where
l.4v)
v'c I
|l
R.
11
R):-4x3'5
: r1l Rc : 100 8:
Av : - g,n('ro li Rc)
R
|I
Ex: 6.51
Refer t Fig E6.5
2.5
lt,
40 x'7.4
296
^R,",R,
'-RrlR^nuur;"
-
5'
-
39.1
V/V
;.:RsIR'7R,*
14,1
c,l?,,1
39.1
15
l.smv
586 mV
-r19V/V
7.4k
Exercise 6-13
with:
J.*: s+20
s
_] = "=V"',
:
5mv w/o:
,n$t "**
-
"
0) ]
-5+(2.5l
mV llJ*: i * ', :
lvo! : vlx Av : 512'4 : 62m
5
Ex:6.54
'
r- _
2.5
, : lOV
1OOk
s,iMl,ill R,_8k &:R.=5k
.p
e,, ]|
o;
=
20
0.22k
;<
:
-r*fl,,_
'*'
* f-'
R.;
- --40(g)
40-
-8Kli 5K
-'fr,- ] .
t. * .fto
25 + 223
R,.)
f*
iir,
,,
+ RE)
223 {L
: -32
= -12.4N
-9.9
2K..
- ^
-:--i
*'.
i,
-
mir
R',:=25
Avo
+g-(Rcll ,)
:40x1o_3X(8kl
&-.,*-ff'.*"^'
, {, : -e.Gcll R,')
: - 123 V/V
r11fri']
6.25mV
N
12.4
: -296l
Ro,, : Rrll ,o : 7.4k{L
, = +g'(R.l R. l r)
:4ox3:12O/
fi:":25
/"ig Rrig * r, 5
: 0.005 v/v
(R.|j
/:
vv-- _
:
R,1
R"ig -| r"
0.6
V/v
R.,. :
1R.|| R,;
GV
54
100k)
+ 25
15 mV
xercise 6_ 4
Ex:6.55
:.
tut
R.
Ri
: : ,'+
lt,
:0.5
+ (11)(201| 1)
96.7
:
Gv :vo:vttvo
vs ys
:- R," *
R, |l R,,
R,*
:
5m
c
100(25
5m
ro: Va c
.'. b
m)
10
5m
={ 5O
:2Ok
1/
Gvo
'o andVo - (]
: Vo
r "(
l\iblro||
+ )(ro| R.)
RL't
V/V
0.8 V/V
40|| 96.7
28.3 k
vl
( + 1)(rr|| R.)
(Rs| RB) l ( + l)(ro | (ro|ll R
vo ++o"
/
'h
Rs + RN
0.796
( + l)(ro1| R.)
20
Exercise 7-1
'
il i.1] _
:ul}
=:
:0.1.
is
:J2l9oIXl=2
o.-0.8
I'.':
ill
l,.
lirll
lltllllr:r,r'
,l,.*
= - . i.j } _
L
/l]llL-
that
- -;L
D
ta is
8-r":
_ 1;,
= .,-'
=
J "'--3.l m
tlffitllltlilllfl-lll'
illllllliilll]i11li1],r,:
M*
For/r: 1p
_iie
20x0.5
1m
4
v x
k()
10
20
andVor:
0.5 m, V *- 5 m,
We have
:)o
"C.^YrVu
" :
1, : 85.5
0.3
4, a,
2 x 85.5 :0.57
R^:2lo
on
Vou- .3v
,.-y;''' D
q]u]i u =
\\oS
.and the
lain currents: (L
0.5 m)
Cr,:
"111I
]Mr-,l
fF,Crd: Cou"W:
0.4
O.57
(8.3 + 2)
1,
F{^()
:
10
= 1,:JzxlsXl0Xloo
,-mA
M_
-- 1/
Fn;ew
.o
, =---.
Jlo
-svlrffiJl
Ao : 50N
-i- , n<
'J :
-'
10 k
'i'
) k{) _- 62
x5
8,,-m:O.28m/V
ha\ie:
'- v
8.3
Fr
}e
8.8 Gz
'-:
]..\
l17k
Ex: 7.1
.1') X1 -o'2mA
lll4]
m/V
')
- i X5X0.53.8 l0.4X5
/. :
] 4j
X1M:200
66.7
.:'
_')
'r,:iwLCn,+Cov
8-V
f: 2r(Cr"+Cra)
= i \._ -^C-()h
=*.+
?9E05
Ao: g.fo:
].- mV
;:r' a:
85.5_-
Since
g.
varies
ith
',|
anda, wih
J o
:2tF
xercise 7_2
x: 7.3
A=+8,, _ .z,nl.)'
1
vr,.
.89 m/V
)
**,''
A^
" s(-l9)'
\] 0/
l58 /v
i1
Fr/ _ l m:
"
| 'l' _ u. *elv
.28mn/v(
\.1/
,':_10
r,- 0'l _
n'_
50r.l0'l'- rvlv
\l/
V 25 mV 4m/V
_ l00 -25k
R,'_
"' ro-r
8,,' 4 m/V
5ov
r, -vo1 0. l In - 5ooko
-500k()
r. _ 1 0.1-5V
m
Au: g'' r" _ (4 rn/V) (500 k) : 2000 v/
, : 8,,,, (r, ll r,,2) : (4 m/V)
x-7.2
(500
.36
we hae
Inp
1o:
m'
: z:
/1
.'z A
/z
1.24
,'''1
/','
^ -
.5
l00 A
ffi]
'l'l..
V/m
(l00 )
(0._]6
t *a
m) _ 8 k
Au
Au :'
(.24 m\l)
12.2l
k)
_-
100
halved:
V/v
0'55 m
2L,
- lvol L,
Ivol - 5vlm19_'
ml
VonL,
50
ano
lv^1
D"
||
x:7.4 l-L is
7.2m
(1s k
m}
l| 21.6 k)
Since
ly,'l
v;,,
w
L
21l..175V)':
(-]v),lO0)
:126ko
2 (100
9 /V'(0._]
l, - \*,,c,,'1(f)u""r(' ffi)
w
2l.6 k
]]
20.i
)
r/
v)'l
" l
\'
..1 V\
Llas ,
Exercise 7-3
xz7.7 8"
1;*=
b;:
*:
2
1"1
o-_J
= o'8
.25 m
0.25 /2
:2mAN
,'' :uo:
D
:!_l
- -1'
D,
,\in
-
v :20k
Fig.7.l3.
(a) From
R.
0.25 m
RL
8-
\8^ro)
^l,RL
"]
2 mA/V
(2 m/v)(20 k)
:5+3-+40
R.:lM:
R._ : _5+ |M :
'"
40
i,,,,
0.7
.5
0.2 V
= 1;.
11fu,,*
]s'm
0.2 V
0'3 + 0.2
0.5 V
.7 V
1.5
0.2
: 9.: -- 8n3 : 8m :
fl,,E :
r"
1.3
8m
= ilj V\ :10k
1(!ll&el",:
r.. : (2
m/V)(10k)2
'M1. .
(,l|g'o,,,, ,.
r r)
: (2
m/V)(
k)2
k: t
R,_:50+20
"'
40
, ,r,
10
_ -\u,
m/V)(lO k)]'?
0:
(b) From
Fig.1.13,
Ex: 7.8
8- :
Ro: ro +Rs+(g.r,)Rs
Rs: 0:
Ro : 20k+ 0+ (4)() : 20k
Rs : lk:
Ro : 20k+ 1 k+ (4X1 k) : 61 k
Rs : 1 k:
R : 20 k + 10 k + (40X10 k) : 430 k
Rs : 20 k:
Ro : 20 k + 2 k + (40)(20 k) : 840 k
is : 1 k:
Ro : 20 k + 10 k + (40)(10 k) : 4.12 M
.'1
o"
3 k()
20 k:
- 50ol 0 :0.5
'40
o4:
R :
R,_
|Yrr], so
:
- '_sp3
mtn
40
R:
Iyl + lvrrl
- .2 : 1.5 V
:rs i,:,l as
100 k:
:
e,_:500+]!9_!9
'"
-G. +
,i_
= fu1.
: l'sc: _
,*'.*
,M',l.
- V orr:
R. :
25.5 k
n
V
ou
frrl:fo2:tn
8^z
l) u
o.2 /2
8*
-mA
xercse74
:20k
:Vo:2
D 0.1 m
:
so' (g.rn) : 1 m/V(20 k) 26
(a) For R,- : 20 k'
R1*ro, - 20k+20k: l.9k
^
'"r:Ttr},
l+20
: -8'(rol1
:"'Av
-1 m/V(2oKI
R"')
1.9
K) : -1'74N
2ok!2'
n'"'-8-r."r-g-,,
2o 'l m^/
: -grRo
A,,
Avl:
1 m/V(2Ok|l
:21k-
vi
+1'8
t9.6 v/v
7.1
Vcz
z=
- _ and or:
Since V v, : Vov''2
(a)
0.2 V we have
,),
V2ovz
) *,'""(
22
o'
L*.r",()'u'",,
'=(vr),: ?,(o'),:
{"(),
4 can be
modeed as
?"(or),
or
(),:
'(o,)'
1,
voltage would be
G-"' :
Rn- (l
woud be 1Vo|
0.2 V if made with
a. single transistor. f a 0. 1 , signal swing is to be
allowed at the drain of Q1,the highest dc bias
source
-l
J
I'
1+
+ g.Rs)r.,
G,Ro
#*"-
oo
g-Rs
and
o-
r& :
200 v/V
Auu
2k): -1.82v/v
- - 19.04 V/V
A -19.04 : 10.5v/
.l
^ - Au,.
- 1.82
(b) Now, for R. : 40 k'
R,- l : 400k .
^'''' - qnzroz
-'tf,z
20 - 1 m/V
-8m2
and
R;;i7,,
Ex 7.10
Av : -8mi(gmrr"rr"r)ll Rrl
Av : -1 m/v{[(20)(20k)]ll 20k}
Where
Rr
_- _rc',")
A,,,
R1
!|
_'-' (l tg,,Rs)r"R'
+ Rg
1 + g-Rs [+ g,Rs)r"
* g,,Rs-
2k
=
then,
(t
g.Rs)r.
|Vo/
.5_5
0.1 vPP
(c) V scz :
V,,",
|vor + |vtp|
1.8
0.2
0.2 + 0.5
0.7 = 0.85
_'.
0.7 v
Exercise 7--5
. is impemented with a
llll"::-
l;l.l:':
:v) :
. = :'
: jflc :
""',]]'
Then,
.4V
. he alowabe range
of
:r1lt
(8.ro2)rn2
2ro,
: 1(25 k) : 2.5 M
Rnp: (8firgz)ro: lrz
Roo : 50(20k) : 1M
Rn"
Finally,
ffiitfrillr4
',
iri1l{ll|i-",
1tl_'il]",,
: -(8 m/v)(2.5
,r"* : *5714N
-'
'g. 19.
r=r)
Ao^u"
and
r-:)
|--'
,':lllllt -!ir
Ex: 7.1i
8.
:ilD
"- ll]c:.
ll
1.O
:
#: **
100
ro:
M)
40 m/V
:25k{)
8. 40 m/V
-' _-VA _ .-lOV __ lk
-C lm
lrililllrir",., r"r
Refering toFig.1.2o,
Ro- rofl
R.
Ro
lo
+ g^(R,ll
[l
&
o6 ,A1o.s
'--- l|ll 2.5
"--'' k
v '''- k
/)]
176.7
withut
r)l
(that is, R, =
Ro: ro:
1,
10k
x:7.14 Fig.7.2'l(a)
fol :
^,
tl]lm
,l,
(llt
,"" -:
k ]I 12.5 k)
l_5
mV
:50
8 m/v
:
:
: 4V :
0-2
1lllnl
] _l
8 m,V
6.25
'l
:ir k |l 6.25 k)
'{Q
li
20k
]iiu",,
l00 )
8n : mA/V
.1-
-+gm2
4 mAN
=25k
il
lllMililll,il
)(
O.1
0.2 mA
--
m
^ * lrl
8.2--4-ffi-4mAN
n1]'
/-a-
"l2(200 A / V')(25
^
|'Un:
8^: 'm
r-:.)
'r
] l,:.:
: ' : v! - 5 -- 50k
l
0.lm
: fi"C.lW7ryo
8il -
i
,lll{ll"m,i
0'762)
Ro
R" :
: (E,zro)Qorll ,.r)
(4 m/v)(50 k)(50 k 25
ll
k)
M)
3.33
Exercise 7-6
10m_}4z:50m
w
5m - 1m
W:50mandL=5m
Vc
*''1ff,
*n'@T,
w / L).
and ' _ '(_w
lL\o
Since all channel lengths are equal
L._1m
L:Lz
and
: l A, z: 60 , 1: : 20 A'
: : 2 and 1s : 80 A,
1tl,
we have:
: 1 m/V
8.:g.z:4m/V
o: roz _ to: ro :
25k
nl -- 2: r':
G,,,:8.:
From Fig.
R'g
k l| 25 k
-668 x
103
vltage we eed
mA/v)(50 k)
o :
v/v
100
of
o'
Thais /.''
0.01
LVo
- oz _- 0.OI1r=J
' ro
100
1 : 1M
,o.:
'
1
L
To keep
JJ20 V/m
_ 20<L
l)
-_ 5 m
as ha o xample
7.l5.
/,
Wz.
he ansi5r
\"('l),v'",,
=>
t20 __15*w,:15xL,
20
(O.2)2
w.:
wl
vo' 5
80
,n^:Vn"L*lM
'"z
r',
Voz=o.2
: ir.
'"c,,'()"v'o,,
s() ,(o.2)2
rw) _
: , :20:
/*,,. lo
,:
l&.
R, - 167 M
A.9 - _ 1'nR', _-' 4m/V(|67M)
w1
, _-,Wr-W'-L-_+
'owo_ wo 4 l
: G,'zro)or\l ,'r)
, w\
: 'Rl'W|
-
5k
4 m/V
7.19.
w- w, : r::
: Rl'l'fl;|
' 1*n,, 10
g,,,3
'rn,,(),
=V'ou,
ir.s(fl.,0'2)2
=>
2X8)
(y). _ x (0.2)2 :50=Ws:50Ls
ws:
wtw4
80
50 m
4+Wo _ 50m
4
2.5 m
Exercise 7-7
,]'!
ll
ur
15 m, Ws
3Jd w5
Ex: 7.19
5 m
50 m
\
ll * --QJ)
l /
-_l|\
n /
t.2 mA
r,
]ll]lfr[
1'' = , :
',
=98
k -
10
il
',,
$0"=
l,--
== (
50 )
-:_,|) +2-0,7)
_'ll:
"'*"5
0.497 mA
1-. - Vr.\
r\ )
fr,
It0ll
50
Exercise 7-8
1n
Ico*o,. +
1o..
91co:r
1*.o
//+1
Ico*
-+-N+
Thus:
: z _ "'
gnoring the effect of finite output fesistances, we
have
1, :
: z
1co*',,
1.o*r,,.t1:1*tt.(*)
/"*on
,:
'
sQp'r+ B|+
1.,
(! *
t^^
'gn-\
:-^'vREF N+l
...* '
* ...-"
!....
*1
.*or,+
, 1)
,
::1-ryll
/o,-.n
'
/+l
1orlr(| _
0.
/*nn >0-g/--,+
1*UjJ
l)
llll
=0.9
=l+N+l=l+t+1<l.ll
0.9
+
''=O.11+N+1<O.11
+1=11=N<10
The maximum number of outputs for an eor nt
exceeding to be lessthan l0o then we need N<l0.
n this case the maximum number of utputs for
and errr f less than 1 07o is N = 9.
Exercise 7-9
]i
l,, =
!:. : o :
*,C
1p
10O
7'::-:o's
1
'Rl''
t -
'()r'""
.r..
Lt
+ 2(0.23
- \'
) :
096 V
g,,,r"
, - ]l0.1 mA)
w
,I
0.23 V
,.,,. = ;. ll __ (5Vlm)(O._]6
'
-'
O. l m
','':
r
l'o -_ l
I
1* r-.,
lo0:2a
l0OX l0Ok=5Mandor
:
"22 the simple mior R, : f : 10 k
o
,,*,
:{.
lr
R"
,tli'f
r-:l oltage is
]][',,,,,,
- _\
,lL'_ -;l
'
m)
i. / /)
s,n
"
__
!:
Vr
:
'
25 mV
0.4
ancl
: b : l90 v: 10
, lOA ' M, rn: 8' :25
Ro:roz:fo:1M
lffii,n
&-
* 7-(Rl ,)1r.
n Exampe 7.6, R - R:
tl
1.5
therefore,
lll]].F]
il,rr,,,,,
10
o.o2o
&=[l l
Exercise 8-1
Ex:8.1
Reerring t Fig.8.3,
f Rp is dubled to 5
Vn,
Vz
K'
I
Voo _ 1
Ro:5k
Ro
R,
+ 1'0v
Vcs
0.82
56,VcMin
- -
1.5
Vss
0.4V
vCS + vcs
+ 0.82
-0.28 V
Ex:8.2
v ou
-+
.316 : 0.45 V
^zx
thn, Vr, : V - 1X RD
entire current
is
- 0.4x2.5: 0.5 V
Voz: V _ l- l'5v
1.5
: - ^l1 ov :
-o'45
to0.5-1.5:-1V
0.5
+ 1V
Vov: t/W-WL :
Ex: 8.5
With 1
_ (10V/m)
(!2\' :
)
1r' : z :
2(100
--+
i,l: 2vJj
^: ! - 0'8mA: .4m
22
," : !rn"()(V,,)2 Sothat
:36k
c"'()v",'
1Co'(V
/1v\ /4l\
O.l
w
,
2o
A l211o.z12
(40
)2
.5
\J,: \)^_;^r",|";r
2(100
(1
Ex:8.4
(0.36 m)
(w\:rW) \ ),
\ /,
V ouz
Vv
20 :5Ok
ro: vA
D - 0.4 m
A: g,"(R.| 16\
A: (4 mA/V)(5 Kl 50 K) : 18.2vlv
Since
Refer to answer table fr Exercise 8.3 where values vere btained in the fol1owing way:
O.2
^/-'(y)
o __ o - 0.4mA(2) :4mA'/
m
0.2v
Vv/2
.1
Ex:8.3
\vov
|/
- ^-:
'ov: 6- : fo'z,,nz2)lO0)
vrs
0'5 V
V:Vo:+1.5V
V2 : 1-5 - 0'4 X 2'5 :
or-
hen'
.8
i,l
1:
A/v2)(0.2)
o _m
S'
A)
o
|Vov|/2
,o
)(2) - l mA/V.
0.2v
(100
8^(ro,ll ,r,)
18V/V
1(
m/v)(36
|l 36 K)
xercise 8-2
l :
]$,
J(lli111]]
l_.-lf
CMRR(dB) _ 20 lo_s'o
= 86dB
;1
::r
llllllll1ll llllil]nr,,
]]]]
W/
'
:i.
=lr.
,"o}u
:'.
\)o
1
1, "C"'(0.2 mA
_ t/,
i
100
Jw
-l' .\ '/'(0.2).
,lrill
=m
4
mA/V
Jtrnr
,,"
I mA/v)(36 k)'?
l' _ =
i1i v)(36k)'z
r-,
Rr,
CMRR
(2
. Rss)
r,\
\-)
:
Ex: 8.9
2lg
2_5
0.0l
10(
20,000)
):
2 mA!.)(25
86 dB
+5V
=d+P:lm/V
l|!l11,l||||,,
2),
Fs*19'"
CMRR(d)
--------------------
:: ,j# : .4m
Ei:(w\
]'1
l]r,lffi{*
g.:
11 )
_
---------_----_
:'l -\ 'i v'(0.2 V)' - -..'
lt
o"l'
i,:rW)
'l
"
36 k
-.
un)
-:6
(#)
]llfrll]i ,ll
og,.
Ex:8.8
ransistors is
r.1]
20
H_
,5
tr
0-7
:4.3
ac _ +0.7
illtfriU
tll1ffi".
'l;
,,,
cz: -0'7
(-5+4.3x1)
ucr: -5V
ill/rfr],, {,"
aJ- \l jl
+.5v
I.296 M)
1ko
1k
*5V
: ':'each transistor is
G
il iil
:
-,
l_+
fl-:ntia]
:tt
..
:-
,:
.{. \
+.: ma
(: l)
x:8.l0
mA
gain for matched
'}oI
:8-R
frl rer:.
:l
'f,
)(5
K)
20 V
/V
1:0.4m4
-2J
\r
20. O00
rcirct-t
c:cz::I2:!:
: 0.2 m
0.4 mA
Li
tVcc
Vq
0.4v _ + 1.9v
Voz
Vc"-in: 'V+VcS+vB
: * 2.5v + 0.3 v + .7 V : -1.5 V
Vc"
^1n
nput range is - 1.5 v to + 1.9 v
Ex: 8.11
Substituting
lfl l iz :
o.99
Qs
-V
:
1+
r(z
UB
- Us2: v.
251n(1 / 99)
1:2A
31)/V'
Since>1,
l,(s-
-- ez- / _ 20-:
I)
22
P- : 6m!
P-C : 6m
- _ |Icl omt
vT
= 25 n(99): 115 mV
Rc:Rcz-Rc:
Ex: S.12
(a) The DC current in each transister is 0.5 m.
Thus V6s for each will be
V,u:0-7
= (15
0.5
cRc)
10)
0.1
.1
X RcSin( 2
0.25k
|A
X 10Sin(2'1000r)
: 4mA/
ro:lVol
#:#:ro
(Vcc
1o0
25 mv
+0.25ln(T)
+:5-0.683:+ 4.317
(b)c.:
(c) j61 : 0._5 t g'oru,
l0
10v :lk
- l00
= .683 V
cl
Il:zoo"
lrt:
(d)
Vz
100t)
25k
- 1Sin(2zr X 1000r), v
62 : 't0 + 1Sin(2' 100r), v
(e) cz _ Cl : 2' S|n(2 0r), v
Cz - Uc
) Voage gain :
|A
- Rc - (.l)(lOK) - .Ol
|"ll _
r'
2(5
CMRR(dB) : 20 log,,, |!"| - z log,,,|200|
_ 2v
il - tsz
eak=2V/V
.1VPeak
:86d8
andsince- l,
lA,,l
10.011
xercise 8_4
llllll/rfl - :
'
- llllllllll[
[{liih:
t;
l
l,m
-' 1 i,il _
|1 10 K)y,.. Ex:8l5
;r - --(10O
FromEqn'
2 K) + r5 K
,,, : ,,/xT),.
ji
O.50ly,,,,
h"
ou'!=
tr
= - -)p -
i]llll]
li({llilllr]l
1llu
2.5 mV
u ()
:0.5X0.1 :50n
(l)(5 )
ro
,*
- l -__]_qq
l':ffil-r"-=0'5
,,,
__Rc
_
- }d "',
ll||]
(^t'1
rfv i,*
l .Vi,. :
* -"j: ,1___j!_L-.]!9
l 'fliii ,{. - : :5 K
_
(8'127)
Ex: 8.16
l L\X .
0.l m
200
20 m
:20
lv
orl
: @:o2
m/V
/20
thus,
]1fllfi ,,:
',ln
1/,,
due to R,, l Ro
1+"
, :
n : vnu
(0.8m/2l
o.2v -
+m
G^:8.:4mA/
fl.,
Ro -- 162ll
roo
20 :5ok()
,^":vonn,
y-4" :
,^" __
oo
I
(0.8 n/2)
(0.8 m/2
20 -
thus,
Ro:50|| s: zst
A' _ G-n^:
'-
-m
rr,rg
ll!,
:: l lVt is obtained
- Te
:
:
FromEqn. (8.148a)
y
v
|
A'.'"'-2,q-,R., 2x4x25 :O.o05v/
CMRR:
- v,i'I
4 m X 25 k
/2
n :
|A,.|
Ex:8.17
Frm Eqn' (8.156):
2
o"'- vt
E
G-:
g"'
} '. m
25mV '" v
(.8 m/2
Ro
:20,00()
--.!-qq-
dB
-+ 86
.05
162ll roo
,g:e :_-
: l'., l'" _l
r.'rr-2
l'*
1
,_
1v :125k
- .8
m
Al _ G.XR]:
16X
125
20
R':
--2x
2 rn
V(
:20k
2x
'B-:
/2)'''
25
mx
160
(0.8 m/2)
l00V
l25k
1 - .8 m -
Va
'"**
Cunn:
20l
1-llrsl
16,0
104 dB
l0
20
.5 m
5 X 20
o.129
' :
0.105
2^
v*
A 0.129
50 0.129
Qr
100 0.l05 v
Qn
(d) r-: l0 / 0'05 : 200 k
: m : /2 _ 1m/2 : z0m
25m
v
vA
/2
: ro -
'' ,. zo
'
Q'Vo-:
or
50
Q'
Ex:8.18
+ Ro
Similarly
k)
20 lg',,(160, 00)
G^
'J]
Vov _
'25
\/
'01257
20
-2xl25K
A,' : ? -
200
10:1X9O2oV^-u2
- f o
16 X
,1,
(W/L)l*16
=t-
For Qo,
,n*
^
''
(w / L3
=)V- /-.l29V
^
''
L);
(t1"/
l _ \,C,,'(),u"":
-+R--:
0.775 m.V
o.7"75
mA/
1'90 m/V
6o:10/0.05:20k
6o:10/0.1 :100k
6,:10/0.1 :100k
Al : -8' Qorl\
'oo)
0.775 l2o0l| 20)
:10M
77'5
- _--v
i
Eqn. (8.177):
Ros
: oo":
10
n,
,",||
&:
Az: -8noul|
: -95 V/V
%]
:
5 M
20 X 500: 105V/v
i.e. 10 dB
A, x
A,:
l.--(W/L)o,,2\
" (w/L)4
(W/L)s'5g
thus, (W/ L) 6
100
1".5
95
7363
v/v
Ex:8.20
Referring o Fig' 8.42,
So, %sl: :
V,,,,
* "
a1 1,
Ex: 8.19
+10:
'or)
[,
(10l 10) M
Ao: 8. X
Rs:
Rs-
@,
2
5'2'7
zv1ll al
l
('-,)
xercise 8-6
ill
lh@]:
,ffi1:
a'
1;
- _ ,.
iltu
t.:-
Vourr: V.r,t - V.
- i;
,,
.',,
ll
thus,
l
I
r0
0-38
,.,,
m/V
Finally,
{i{lllfr
* ffi
: - 1.5V
:
Vo
|vrrr| : .: v
eVcs,,:0.3+0.7:1V
Vc: -1.5+1: -0.5V
_,) :
Vo": V-
,'.\:
0.8)
,Jr'*:
;, ffi [:JO/0.8
Ex:.8.22
R'=20.2kdl
,,:8-513V/V
flxrre 8.5)
_
'
l1-'
Ro:152
{- L)
."p. :Q.-lV
-= _:.X9"
.. 40
Ji
L
'
:4943l
.8
-
'(
*.a, _- ]x90
.3 v
',, ,r',
l
{l -
Ex 8.23
:
r+1:101
s
to g,,
of
,Mllmmr
" t ltl-
--_ts
]tt{li1
ilil]
u"]1
]rr$
C-:-
{ ]
J0
0.8
*^--
I .r,
.r l__ ')
\{tw/L\t\ '
.f@_r))
Jl
\/ |2.5
[rlllfr a, , i1
-i x 90 u
]':tT
r._]
t ft, is:
ru.: 1-i0mV
.:
,1llll1
Ji,.
Jf)
1].8
15.7 :0.0492
15.7 + 303.5
R
Rr + R,3
3 + 234.8
0.01.26
i_
n0 / 0-8)
+
",
il*
i,s
} :
i[,
ir,r--Rs
i".t Rs + R,4:,:l
l
,,
With R,
:s:t00
ls
ibs _
Rt+R2
i,z R\ + R2+ Ri2
'i2:z:10o
40
40 + 5.5
0.8879
-s!
|
: l0l
0.8879
x0.0492
lOOXo.Ot26X
100
55993 /
and he overall vlage gain is
vo _
'a
R6 .i"s
ir
R,,
: , 1i, 55593 :
20.2
8256
v/v
lOO..
xercise 9_1
Ex:9.1
A""' : =- ,Ro= x
Rc + R.is
A":
f
g-1R1
l0 .. ^..
10+0.1
Cr'
ll Rp)
10
2rwrco"* Cou
: ? x oX
1+y9
I
:o.o16Hz
- 2x1X(10+0.1
M)
l
|
__.]l8z
, :
IPz
2Cr/g'- 2l/2m
,:l:
J P'\
(t0 +
:8z
318
21 x
1)
vo
Ca
;6vo
4
xz9.4
Ccl: C: C62: | F
8. : 4 +c : 40mX25
k
: + :
1 m
lO0
6m
p: ;Cr'|R+ R"r
1
21[l00K11 2.5K+5K]
fpt = 21'4z
fpz
f,,:
fF
4,1
1+2+1
.6
Vr1,
: 5
'r""()"(vil'-vn),
l80
Cno
0.w
2ofp :nrF
(**
n1
2.2Lz
FC)
40 x 10-:
2(0'84 + 0.012) X 10'12
7.47 GHz
x:9.6
2'1(8K+5K)
lh"l
|''re
Ex:9.3
l'
f
e.'
l- |l
l X l0- 9
.].45
"'
: 3.45 X 70_3F / m2 -- 3.45 fF/ m
C6u _ WL6C." : 10X '05 X 3'45
:172 tF
&
--fJ-+l:
50
'f
+f:5OOMz
f,.:72.2H2
^
*o'
J - ;\C
fp
fF
o : , - lm :4mA
or
v
vr 25mv
,:1
,rr:@
6.1
Ex:9.5
=L"l
1
fF
0.6
: lxzX2O(5-2)2:
2
_25
,'e -V, -25mV
lm
F
f
24.''t2
10
([-l-
C ao
x:.9.2
2.5
2CrrlRr'+ Ro)
2C61(R6 * R,ig)
r-:
3.45 + 1.72
V/V
9.9
f1-fn:
2n16n1q1
4 X
10_] -- |2..7 oF
c'+:
too
_
:
:
10.7 pF
2:
12.'7
12J - C
C
',,r,
Ex: 9.7 Diffusin cmponent of C
_ 10.' _2:8.7 pF
Sine C4. is proportional t 19, then:
at /.'
of l mA
Exercise 9-2
rl : l 87 pF
: i,87 pF
,tiil,,
Cio: 7 +
|il. lu,
, =
Ili.,
8.
:'rcn
(1 +
:68pF
+ C)
=u:
+ 1.5 +
1_3
13)
: l.42z
68p . l.65
''Dc
1+1- s{
(s)
,.
where
is he
DC gain
L J 41B
m/V
l_,r, :
l7.14
l0 Hz
Therefore
),"
-1'7
: (i
M)
3.7
,,,
- ''t
4.7 \)
>
|l'
MFz
l,
+ (RB + Rsig)
:_:,J.1_3XR;
:r ": I {
: ,
,","
{l{lfillri]}:' *
1{
|lll||ll|l
1.05 +
"q,
(100 ll 5)
('-*'-*)
R.| R.
k
]]]]l
R.,"
- i"
R.)
rwe have
+-
Kp1 and rr
lf ":0.99
{1
1.65
,(F)']
2-
[,
0.9 1, then
'(d)']
:,
-()') :,
p1, then
,-()'][, -('#::i')']
+.9rz,1,
1o5
j;'
il
AM
(1 +0.9'z)(1
-. -
2'
.(#):[, -(#)'] :
n:
L,
1l],ll
l0
('-,(#))('.(#))
f
*"
rr
A,M
|R5)
_:F -8.\4Crxrl
F'
*,,
1000 and
|Hti"'1|'
:._-l->1MHz
;-_,
lO5 z
x:9.l2
By definitin at
+ 17.14)
]l{1
R..
(s)
:
:
4.26pF
F/1s1
,,,.t_,-_.,
r.
'-()'
: 9.88
-()') :
:,
2+
: 1'O1*()' :
01
xercise 9_3
Ex: 9.13
alp2: p1
K: l=lr.,
|
|
'|'94)'
\r'/
z=(:9i')'
\r,./
c:
'
l_:
'rr'
) we
_-]-
|, ',
{'r,'
_r,:
k'r,:
r'
-'
'(ff)']' (ffi)'l
L'
ssuming
- x
"
(trx2,(
'
'\ t*x''l
2]
wehave
r :
884.2 nsec
884.2
8 8
_ (R'+ Ri'l
R,:
R',]l R,,*
8O.8
g,.R|'R')Ct
k,s,,
: a s,
- 1pF
Thus
803.4 nsec
(s0.8 k + R; + 323.2R') +
\24'2R,
'
80'1'4 nscc
+ R;
8.R
].]:t k
2-23 k{L
', :
''
R, we hae
R'n
,n,'.R; ,
R;,, + R'i"'o,,",
,'
''' -
420
420
x
1(l()
4> 2.23
- 7.2l
Ex: 9.15
2=)
4+1K2+t)2'K2: =
k()
v:
-H:
I
FrK: 2a':0.84rr
l
0.84"'
' _tr
g-IrJ,
Vu:
_.89l
F _ 4, using equatin
g _
Pl
/'a
ll -' :
Ex: 9.14
l'
l8 Xl28.3
F'
l
illtr'
V'
Ri,,({))
1.38_56
]'_:9
\1z
V,,()
VJVre
()
\Hz
(mV)
R,n V ,^ and
*lk'.'s'""
ssuming['.:1Vwehae
.Q7r
,
v/V an|.f,, -
We hae
rl
',
O.95 ",
FI'
lQ_\! ,, _
A|
(v/V)
r,is:
,,
,
i,'
lpF
-z-
1o*[r,l)x'1l
Kr \ K'/
lpF
, - 122.6 k{ -_
'
324.2
g-lrJ,**
O.71
=>
Rr,1Cg
=,>
-t
For: +, _
"
X l80 Hz -
2:
's,1
Cg,l
{'r,'
803.4 nsec
ll - | , F-
I
a" - 2"f
80.8 nsec
"o
are at
T{'\_ _
(4
.64n,(exactvalue)
(noethatinthiscasethezers
ha,e
'(:?]'l
\r2,/
(9t)']l
\,lr'i JL
inf,
result
10
909
476
4.76
4.16
99
90
-9
-9
000
9.99
9.9
-9.9
-9.9
.999
-9.99
-9.99
l000
xercise 9_4
::
solution of Exampe
-=::-mined by the exact
;
- -].:5 X l : -12.5l
Tiril:_
-" CHz
:l
: :.lrl approximation of
i,, = ].}1
l';
Gzandf.:
R;_lXI0:2.5k
'4
|A'l : 8^.R' -- 2.5 x2.5
: 6.25 A/A
we have:
im
"'li tlltl
fl
x{r1r
r'e have
;
.l*
.ls'.lmin
- r;F_
2'[[2o
f :
+5
f(l
6.25l
f' :fo,
*._{5)].10K
,d,"
r'*ed b}
r^-^^:
'nn
= . Q
lll:|!gil:
1__
in example
bv 4 reduces
x 250
1.56Gz
Ve,
1
l3OV:130k
lm
r :lvo:50V
,npnr'-7l
-lrA -sol
R. : ,onpn ll ,opnp : 130 k |l s
R;:36k
1
lmA - 4.'
.^m
m VT 25mV '- v
B
20C)
r_
" 8' 4 - _sk
v
-rr(e.Ril
5 (4ox
36+0.2+5 36 k) -
and Vuuby 2
.^-mA
v
-'
ll''|,]]ltl,.
.1
6.25
+ 5) f 2.5
25ol]z
Ex: 9.19
Au:
^ ;l
K + (25
+ 6.25)]10
+ f'zf":
250 Mz
f,=|'1' f :
j]:i:::'are
imr
ll
_':en
a:
-rr
_ l75
y
V
-v- _ nsy
A..
(b) Using
'''
- znc,nR'",,
2Cinlr,
||
1R.', + r,)l
f":+:82.6kz
(36 + 0.2)
x
2l
448 pF 5
ll
448 pF
4.3
(c) Using the method of open-circuit time constants, from equatin (9.1 00) we have:
R. :
We hae
R.,*
4.3
Etixe e-5
Thus:
+5
36
36]
R'"
2'72 nsec
f,,:
C", : 20 ff'C.a : 5 fF c
R*1": 10k'R:20k'
: l *;;R, :
.;
6m m'o
-75.lkz
20.8
5
- ]5
X ]
(9'104)
(d) Using equatins (9.12), (9'13)' and
R,
5.r: _"' h.' + R,n- l0 - 20'8
we have:
To
40
I v
f z: 2C"- 2.3 pF
I 8,
--
ic*it + g,,R.)1R.1*
+f : 75.l kz
2|C
"
(same as in Eq.
{^-
l, :
Hz
Mz
3.1Mz
:'.
l,l
2(C+ Cr,1)R'
|A"
/tpd
__ '_----------:a
2R}'f7
12.5
ix10kX2Gz
+C':94.5 fF
F;x
9.2l
and
2(C 1+
CscoDE
Av:
-Sn,(Rrll
5O
216 +
ExamPle 9.12:
g'o : 1.25 m/V ,
r, _
'
16)
-lx4o: -2ovlv
ro * (8'nz'roz)rol
roand
(g.ro)' ro
8^ : 8^
ro(2 + 81ro)
g*2:
:42ro
y.'nsc,,n __ _ 4o
ucs
,1
: Cr,'
+
-20
R"lg
O'25
* Cra[(l
(cL+ cd)RL
ro
thatdo not
Cr,
g-'Rr)R'1,
+ R1
Rl : ,oll ', : 2
9 ll : C,,' Rsig + c,a[(r * )o.'J
: 4o
since Cra : 0.25 Cr. and g'rs
where:
R, -- rz *
sincerr, : f :
-g",1Rrlt|
CS - mffier
L-c,
*,*4:t*+(*,l
T C, [,
mpifier:
where
'
R :
I
: -)(g.rol
8n/(2'Cr) ':C'!^C'o
Ca
%/Lrcr+ Cr)1
xz9'22
C r,1)
Therefore,
T'
280
a) Lo\-requency gain
o
fr
J, : ;C;,l
f, -
:6'75 k
+ Av
t:
42'7 z
Ex:9.2J
R6
-5 XfF
we know that:
J
2O'8
9.1 2)
- mplif ier'. Au
Since: Rt: ro-+
to place
remains the same as that of the example'
we need
f',' at 2 Gz
2Gtlz:1r:lAvl'fn
11
(8^r)' R",*
CS
10
/ : ;:
Thus.
= 1 5'1
13'1
-_ 16.2v \
: 179'5 k
R3.1 : 50O Kll 2s0 K
1 : Cr,'Rr. * (Cr,1 * C)' Rg
: 20 f x6.75 K + (5 f + 15 f) X 179'5
a : 0.135 ns + 3'59 ns : 3'72 ns
(cL+ c)R'L
Rsi 1l R,"
Rra : R 1l Ro
Ro : ro1 R.i
2l .2Gt1z
fp =
1_
btaini:
Rr, :
fF'
15
Etise
_5
(9'104)
(d) Using equations (9.102)' (9'103)' and
ff.C.a : 5 fF C : 15 fF'
10 k, Rt : 20 k '
- R,
l - 5
n'" :
{'o
l25,n
g- ;.=
: 20.8 k
Rt
__ 5.=: l6'2V
cUl' -R.; R,. l0 + 2'8
we have:
Thus:
" : 16X
+5 x 36
36]
2'12 nsec
t':
JH
2-
-75.1kz
f:
8,_
2C
"
fz
40
2 0.3 pF
:
R.,. :
20
C_*,
btaini:
:
Rr,r :
Ro :
Rr,
_-2|.2GHz
R.i ll R,"
R. ll Ro
roa R.
1C"+ c(1
fil:75'1
fpz:'
[c,
2
f n7
kz
Hz
since$ l .< f , *d
"lf- =|A|fa:
l :
t <<
|'5
75'1 kz
13'1
Mz
13.1Mz
t plae
remains th same as that of the example'
f, at 2 GHz we need
2Gz : 1r:
:
+Cr:
F.'x
l,l
2(C+ C*t\R'
|A|.f n
lA^,1
:1
_5 XfF
12.5
;vo{|xG'
94.5
and
:
a :
:0
2(C 1+
.1
/g :
3'72 ns
_- 42'1z
gain
2., / \2C
Cri
",1)
Example 9.12:
1.25
'
cra
Re
and from
mA/V 'r,,:20k{'
r)
-- lxao- _20V/
: fol :
: 216i
roand
(g.ro)' 16
gn2:
8^
: 8'
ro(2 + n{o)
:42r
: -g-(42r9ll .r)
: -40 v/v
ycnscr,', : _4o : z
rcs
-2o
/, : Neglect
components of
C :
ro
that do not
g,'
R1)R'1* + R11
+ C,,)R'L
R; :
,o1|
a : Cr,'
since C.7
-8''
0'25 C*
+ (C
whee:
c,a
||
2'
Z(8.rol
cScoDE mplifier:
Au : -g*(Rrll R.) : -g''(R6ll rs)
where R, : toz ro * (S,nzrz)rol
'
Cr
Ctsd)l
L=Crrr-!t:lfg
T - c"' "- f,
:
CS - Ampifier
g'/|2(C1l
x 9-22 Rl.
280
f X 6.75 K + (5 f + 15 f) X 179'5
Therefore,
g- _
'
Au
:6'75 k
C)' Rg
(Cr,1 +
Ex:9.23 a) Lo\ry-requency
Au'. g',ro40: Rt: r
b)
C r,1)
f : ;LRJ
'
179'5
0.135 ns + 3'59 ns
Thus.
2so
+ A
fF
Kll
ll : Cn,'Rr. *
sincerr,
o,t
we know that:
J
50
CS
=C,
- "L -
R.q.i
2O's
(g^r)' R"i,
Kll
\'
',
R.l + C,,l(l *
o'25
Cr
and g'nrs
)o.'J
: 4o
Exercise 9-6
,,1i11.,,
*,::'
C., X 21 X
Rsie
t,,,Jll
To ca1culatefi
: r'||(r'* R.ie)=
R',ig : 4'4 k
R,t : R'.ig : 4.4 k
5 Kl|(0.2 + 36)
R',.ig
tems that do
uty::l' he
]]xlx1
i.R.)]
il2r
'
Ro
8-ro
roll R,",
:,,,
[,",[_.t+ll
L \'r, - o; t11
R1
- --'...(' -))
Ro + (C L + Ccsi + Cr)
' :
16px 4.4+
x 3s + (5
, :
0.3
+ C.z)
(Rr l Ro)
pX
K+
10.6
p +0 +0.3 p)(50
Kll
(0 + 16 p)
26 M)
339 ns
|
t.: 2'"
-469Kz
2 X J39 ns f, =|l'"1'f n : 242469z
-i*(r,._)
Mz
113.5
\'_.iion of
/ V ,fi
V/V
to
z to
Mz to
3.1
o increase/, to 1 Mz we need:
::r_iner considered in
. i
16
:-.l
!r[l
r] "
*,t
'il
s*
u-l _ 0] k
5.2k
:52v/v
1_
:{]
tQ
+
i:k:
..
26q
1l
4.4 K + .3 p X 10.6 K + 16 p
(cL+
x:9.25
p).(s0 Kll 26 M)
0.3
1.4
R'
35
159 n.
pf
Rl| ,. --
:10K
20
K|
FromEq.9.121 wehave:
-iK
]|]
=J.l
r
+ C,
px
,,-:T1-\
-'
""
R.)
.25 X l0 :
8^R't
4,, '
''' l-l g'R', - l + l.2-5 X l
O.93
l ., |.25m
8'
J_
(20f+5
r"("J%)
:8Gz
1.8' - l.l.25m-locHz
r_= 2r
Cr, 2 20 r
: R,ig : 10 K
R,in*R'
n
^'"--
R*7
1ll-f.
l.48 k
lO ll
l-125l
y
v
Exercise 9-7
R,.
:20 K
R._.
0.74
flnd
To
Rll R.
:
8' :
r,
*)
20 K l 80
fF :
Rgax
Cr :
10
R8' X
Cr,
1.48
k x 20 fF -30ps
0.74
k X l5 fF -11
k X
. -
ps
9t
x t0
30
9l
55o''
l0O
91
| r..:
n 2"
x 9.26
r,,
'M
2 x 9lp
R'.lc
( + 1)(r,I R.)
R'"is + ( + 1)[r" + (r" || R1)]
and
+
: R.ig *
, Assume
r, :
^8r:
L"
C,:
/. :
2C
r_
''
-"+
6n
2(C' +
C)
+1
2C.r.
-2pF
400 z
14PF
:
ThusF.:=l'
" lL
-r.
we have:
459
11
q"R)
-- 55z
"
(]/ /
L)
,
.8m - +m
Vr g. : tou
V
0.2
(b) Aa : S.(R, ll r,) where
Vo
20
' : ( / 2) - 0.4 mA - 50k
=Aa-4m(5l| 5 ): l8.2
0.2
{-t (Eq.9.106)
J
)n(Cr+Cr,)R''
R't:
R1|
,":5 Kl
1OO
fF + CDB
hus.
oo
,-
- 2rcu;,
andC,
we hae:
weknw
,:1
rH
where
100
=G -.965yv
.1
J
' rtcJ"
1.1 + .99
1
.99
2.5
''l+--t-.1
2.5
R,-51
we have
o - - lm -40m/V
m
V 25mV
in this ase Rs J - , we have:
that
noting
r:'
l.75GHz
:-V -|00x25mV-2.5k
l m
/
-
c,:
+ R"
R',
s!ts
"
x:9.27 (a)Vo
!!x:zqo
'
we have:
= 337o''
+ (10 + 1).99]
R'rl*'R'
'l---'
re
r
50 ps
9l ps
lH - |rd | rr, ..] .CL
The percentage contribution of time constants to
1.09
"
kll z.s
1.1
we have:
c -- Rcx Ct _
50
:
:
o.il (,,
, :
JH
21
ll0f l
50
K:
110
tf) X4.5
4.5
fF
:2q5Mz
.f
"
_ !_q9.85)
z H
wl'
ro
e' cr"'R, I
+
cL.
csl[R.( I
] g,R'.)
+ R'11
R'L
thus,r:50fX10K+"'
1o
ftl K(1
4 m X 4.5 K) + 4.5 K] +
(10f+1f)X4.5K
1, :
Q'J ns' *
1.96 ns
0.5 ns : 2.96 ns
fn: /(2x 2.96ns) _
53''7l1z
"'
Exercise 9-8
:9.28
'
2'
2
: 9.29 For
R':
MHz
15.9
Rc.
-- ;8.'f
I
:R'ie *
m
25 mV
''2
20
:lO.5k
R, : 2 = l kRn, - -
'J
2
^'
B _ CgrRg,+ Cga'Rr* CrR'
m/V
:20
10v :200k
'2 - 0.5 m
i'o
19
1O9
#-:
15
Mz-1.l Gz
::i;;
Ri,= ( * 7)(r"' *
200)
we hae:
,, r-1J :r
-+X(2k|l
:: :s
2k)
_ro
"
v.,* -
r")
10 K]
l"
lll
:.:;
_j-_:
.2z
lT' g
-.*R,.1
R, _
2_
3r,
-! :60k
_.-R _ p_ :*2x2o
-:
'l
.,lr
1]
we hae:
pt:
,"(7
+ c*){n,,,ll 2r -)
ftt
+ 2 pF)(1o K |1 1O
'1
K)
-6.4z
2_
^A
3V
2'2pFx10K
-8Mz
(s)
lsll
l
. ,,, : |) or
' '()
,^
/o'
: 2\ 10 + 10 i /c - 5y
v.,n 11.,=,9,=)]*.
^l
Jr!
tz:
;_-;
^
2C"R,
1.22Gz
]eseneation of
)*,,R.
we have:
:..] \'
Rr,.
!-e-
K
---lH----:6l
r"2)
1( R',=
+
2\R,n
Mz
Ex:9.31
:-'1pFX(20Kl|
-'- \1z - .8 Mz
it
f(10.5 K + 5 f X 235 K + 5 f
1.46nS+/E
GBP
v/v
20
1xz!4X2k
_
Rs
.5
vr
R'ie * Rs
1*g.Rr"#o, 1+2#
;1ifier:
* Rs
R.;n
('*
#*,)('-;)
(s)l2
'-)"'
A'"
2
';':r
Exercise 9-9
Thus:
A,"
(, , zof
\'
tznf
'f)
'l')(, t
R2
'
,-^;)l'- ,^t;1
-5Mz
thus,
for} _
10
Mz:
2rXl10''
'
_+
:'-------=
l'
L 1
Un,2 _
:
8n(,
1.,
G'z :
2z-C2
1| 2525
lmA
25 mV
* Cs
0.6 m
2x2
'
_-.
/V
F
2.2 k
* S.rR.s)
oo
znJ,
4m
2x
400 m
thus.
:14pF
0.6
m/V
[. = 0'6 mA/V
- 2oz
2-X 4.8 pF
s
v
* Cns :
20 K || 400
-R: :3 k
Cn5
..3 m/V
^
Cr__-4.8pF
.7
o-::r\
m/V
0.3
Req
Rs
Examp|e 8.4
ll 2imy
lm
fL,
G,nl'z
-4OOk()
Cnq
G' :
T obtain Ceq
.,' : 9.rm
'c
20k
_2525
Thus.
il.,,
ll r"'
r.s-(' l_
Is
fn - 4.6Hz
l-+-
162
0.25
-L
/l
Rrll
l00
,^'-uo
_m
1.,
("&\(',&\-,
I ri,J\ f,)
[t
Req
At"
:258 pF
Finally,
.1p
,'. Rrs rq
_ 48 z
2x2.2Kx258p
280
Kz
Exercise 10-l
,l.,',illl
1]]l"_
:1v/vandr:197
.1
', -3 - l - l -
_:4
Ar 0
'
_
tlr[
lli]ll_-:1
;_
Ll
l:lj
1;
:0.09x10:.9V
]l
]i
r-
20%:
80
V/V
0.01
4O
dB
signal mode
9.7561
= 0.99 + 0.0099
animprovementof 20 lg(0/1)
b'
V'r + Vnf
:
- !r . 11.09
.
,r..,
AtA, *,'
A'
:
A|A2 V"1 + A
(l Xl00)Xys
lxvn
- r (l00X )X l l J (X
l)
l
Thus, V",
il-
i!i]:T1:ses
+):(1 +(6X1O3)X10_31 :7
.'.fnr: fn\+ ): 1x7 :7k.z
(1
V,:v
1i
"'il
Ao-60o0.:10_]
Ex:10.5
3:-=--1:10.11
8.1
vo
10
4ll.,,.] 1_ V/Vand/:lo3
_l
_ I
AJ IOr
-;: -a_
l4
r11111
i:
'-1',
',
,,''*'
grounded:
10 which
rIilll
]il , = 1 ''\.
: 10 V
*
= 9x1 ax10: .0O9v
_ :0.001 V
10' X .
lll,,,,i
'*A:
4l=.
''-
_-.*.
1lll1]iliJ:''
ll
a__rj
I+
L.
ril':i-:] -{
: 1000V/v
1!0:10v/v
l|llttll]l*
)'
!'
lLl: llli
lli,
.1
il':l
l !'
* --__
- ' l :
1000
V/V
;:
0.3 maximum
Feed-back factor:
and
2+\f
ClsedJop
A. :
'
Vo :
.,.]n, xn6:1o
_ l:
V6: -g'Vr"Ro
Vr,: -Vt+A:
ga1
:
Af
B^Ro
.Vo) :
#t
Vo
V,
*B-Vc, x {(Rr
Rr) ll Rr}
(R2J Rr)Rp
q v
= or'r'\
R, + Rr * RD
butR2 + R >>
Ro
R2 +
+ RD
+Vo-( .V,,,-i-J#)
: -g^Vr'R
-Vr": Vr-vt - Ys
-*tuo
Rr+R2
-R2
+ Rt
xercise 10-2
:i
V,
+Vo-c.n,ty,#}
&
v,
{l
#*}
v,
V, - o'Rr-# - R= -o
8.RVs
Closed-lop gain:
Thus
tr,:vo:
' V,
if
,4'
'
"':
8'Ro
I * g-RpR1l(Rr
+ R2)
>>1
:l*&R
that:
is he pen-
',rRo
thus:
, =
A >>
'-9
S^zRo
1+&
RM
n'^
1 and
A8'z
i,g',
-+t,-J, -R
l*&
RM
oop gain
if loop-gain
A, :
>>
R,
t2
##R") (,.ff)
vo
lr *
\
-AV
RMl
Vo:
_V,--+v'
' :
s: , | ,
vo
i
v'-_
:,t
, v,- vo _ -vo_vo
'f - R,
A &
,,( 1 , 1)
-'oR,
&,
1'
(1) + (2):
open-loop gn:
: -vnl
&
V,=V'
9 n : g',(A'V
')
-+ A
AtVt
: 'i,:
iR,,
vo
-1.,1
-RF
if
>>
,.1*, ,#r*".1
Is (l*1*&
o,r*'
vo
and
t
R-u,)
R,, >> Rr
=tr1*+-tandAr--Ro
A ARi,t -
xercise 1_3
Rl,
1
Rnr:
:103
-
to3lxlo-31:7
{6
,-0
201
10
191
R,): : 1':: : =:
9.57
! +
19.1
l8.8
rn
rx20
- Rs :
(R",,, l
+ Ror,
_ {) _ 1x7 :7kLz
]
R,y
theinputis:
* 0.7
R, ll R,
: 5, r"3 : 5
is: R, * R,
A circuit
The
is:
Rt R2
I
"'qil'-"x
N'o
9K
To
l)(r", * r"r)
':
_0) +
(1l
R, ll
9) :
21
R
o
P -Vo
- - RJ&
A,:
_-1//V
i*,
''A'= Substiuing:
'
^,
t,
obtain :
Ro
. ' 20 l:rll
r+lJ
V/V
= 85.7
1+
'
8.R
,,Rr(l i
g,R,)
.Rr + R2
vl,
Ri - |/g.=R'n _ -j-(lr )
1
6n
R
I
_
il,
1
-
85'7
r=.:,
I + 85.7 x 0.1 *{
219.57
201 k
g.96v
R l (R, + Rr) +
Rnu,
(Rp ll R1 + R2)
1+
Exercise 10-4
Ex:10.15
l ,-2OO
5XlOr
'-1=:R.:
"r
'''-R
Af
A ,nz
Rrn
1 -f
Atg^rRt
20ox2x 1
:
1+200x2x10'-3x200
3
4.94
mA/V
Ri, + RF + (Arg.rRt)R,,1
:1O0 K +
2oO +
(2
x2X
10-3 X 2O)' lO K
:8.1 M
Feed-back network:
,oz(1
'l Atg*rRp)
K (1
+ 20X 2
O_3
2)
:1.62 M
4.94
Ex:
R-' ' R
l0.l4 _
,;ir,. no
A"
''J
-'ov
__
lOm/V
' ''
and
w:ith
vo
v
/ = l0 m/V
-1Om600
,s
(b)
A, =\
'-
J - lO: *#--+R.:
_ -6v/v
r - -|
^
o_ *'
(a)if >> l Ar - ,_o,
i
v
8OO
A-circuit:
o
Vr,
:
:
- s.v
ll Ro) - ano
,,(r,
Ir(Rs ll Rr)
_ -(Rs
=1,: -!
/.s
.A
:''F
1+
RF)8,(ro l
RF)
Rr)g.(r, ll Rr)
t * (i, ll Ro)g.(r, 1l RF)/R,
-(Rs
*
s
|1
11
Exercise 10-5
rrmffilll li11r
|lftlth;lllrru
lL1tL
l;
nt
-::
_::
'm''' ''" =-
-:sed
in Example lO.7
1+
Ri: Rs ll n.:
Ro: ,o |l r. :
]]ll11]ii
iliii
]]m,'
]]]];,,",
',{}-
'_nll
-'-"_. j
/
-
liil{it
, i
,R F
--, ll
p
,.F.
=;
;_
ilil1111
Ri.
"'
__
13.o3
1 |l rO:9O9
20 |l 1O
6.67k
__--_-]q-
l-5m(2|| lok1 -
2g1
t'
: 2 :225.6l
" - -Jl+ 4.03
j__ 6.?l
R,,, - _
- I.66 k
''' l+
4.O3
R,,
R,,,,,
{itlll{i
20
K
K l', _|
l-5.l=
I'66k
: 1
Rs_-ror:1KRl:K
Rz:9kg.:5mA/V
ro: 20k
Ex:0.16
]lll1] ,;l]
RF
-;
1-
1il1
i
:illl]]|'
Ri
rilll'
;RR
oo
j ._,ll n-l
'
1lil{i
R.)
if we call
,L
llll
'r
ilil
rl
R.
rillll
&
ll
10
A: _.=jL:
'R, ll R, - -l0O. 1-l
: -1.1t X 103 /
: -.1 /, unchanged
: 111
_.ll.lor : _9.9l
,J /
+ 1I1
*,":
ff:9OO
R : 900 K, unchanged
Ru,, : (1 + 11).9K :
111
Ex:10.17 f
xlf!
,',
!-:
:JR.:
t.
f,
'
A11
= 1,=
Rl+R2
: -,
if >>
-+
idea1
'
Ro
A,:-|:1lA
20 k
,]
Rl : =+:
1O
of o is fed-back.
:+
j- R. R.)
unchanged
|l 10 K)
Exercise 1_6
- R,r^.
''o':
1 ..
A_
o
-xr
S,Ri:_8-R
o1
-l-l'8.'Rr
l. g,'RI
-,
Frffi 10.77:
sF'
- F8'rrr'RI
R",i_ '3''.'nr'R1
To obtain Rin:
R'
l+
o.:
"l
Ri"
Rr
x : t0.20 A( 'i)
8,,RI
Thus
T--J
R,,
Rr:
At ,,r,f
RS
_l
-+R'n
-Rr
Since
\l '.lll()-
=O
ll : 1:", -
When
.'.
'6 x lO'
mplifierstableif ll < 1 at
1^
g. >> '- g R,n -_ l / g,,
1_--,-;
/\'
l --_------
: -3 tan-(z l04)
1(,*,,'/l0j) :
, : 18 + tan
('r,,/104)
+ ll
., _
,oo,
o_ffi 4ml0K
lK
(
).r:l6.6fl
\t ll |/4ml
r _ / (l ^F):
'rf
1 0'4
Cmpaed t 17.39 btained in Example
t(l")l
* (..F)')"'
_ 1+105X.01 :
: .f ,(. +r9):
'f ,1
ra'j
8()'
0.008
lO1
o,'
:''
1001
t00X
l, :
+ ''
10'1l::
_ l
10'(lOl)
(r,
rr)2
Using
10O,
pl
10a,
106
radls
:
- 4(1 + 10 ) X 1l0 0
l+too _ (1.1)'?Xl0i4
: 0'245
Corresponding Q : 0'5
: 010'7 and
Formaximally flatresponse Q
r---------,
l
J(l r l00)X l = - O.5
_4 __
ll
l- + l0
(1O1+ 16)2
."
Fi-10.19
..i ,"... V,:
-_--
r,
9,,,
ro
LR.
t_R,
^
R.. y,
8. rn
,v
_'.\ _
-_
''Y rrtR._R'
=' ='R..
_..:2
no - 5m\2K/l
11
20 K . l ' l
as compared
Cresponding gain is
,
"
10'
l5
A
_
' . l
l0
-t lO0 X
.5
-_l.q6\
Exercise 10-7
ruMmm
]]illlg
&:!-
lilli#-__n:0
* jl
,rMi
1i]-
"i'l',__:
]]ffi
d *s$
i]:l:',,
-:-1)__
rl-
s1
- :.'
1O0)
2019lAl
10
1o.
dB
201og(1/lBl)
llill
0dB
:t]:lon ae:
j5J3'',
-'-5''l'
u:'"s-.rhle when
ut'rtr:".
1Hz
complex ples
Rate of cosure
20 d/dec
{]=
4_
'
- 1+jf/fp
at
106
Jo
' - fp
-
:'f:100Hz
jJ _
' N
- - *
' f
In
11-r x 0.01
_
--::l
t"
]1fr
rtflillil
71
1ffi11]1"l{r
1|i''' --9'
!,l'|-9:90.
60
40
A:A^-20 d
20
-40
:1
.
and
:P
-- -!
= $,'' Phase
tillllil'f =.5'
1lll1
,t
=,9-r
: tD
il rS =
r.707
r'-20
80
lt00
.-'= f -10az
Original response
Ao
100
10
"
Jo
low fre-
106
_
f"'l'
margin
/,
. -
/",
to
where
---------A +4.
-1X16
1o4
e- (1 dB
20 db)
13 Fz
Co1a
10o0
Exercise
Ex 11.3
Ex 11.1
For Q,
1.1-1
,, -
a.P
_- 15 0.2
lkft
ycnru,
P,
: 14.8 mA
_ -V_ (-Vcc) _ _0.7 _(-15)
o
"
I4.8
14.8
(v"l J1)'
RL
4.*:V.,.-%t*,
:15-0.2
:
:
--
Thus.
rr'
29.6
Pt .. ,^^
l
:
:
0.32
;X
2
l0
16
_
l "
(a) r.:1&
Ot is 14.8
.6 + 0.25
0.64
(4.5)2
1
- 24
mA
1O
10
10
m and
4.8
mA'
lnr)
\/
: -9.36 V
Thus, U = At o : o V, i : 0andi61 : 14.8m
Thus. lr., : 0.6 + O.O25 ln$
10 + 0.64
(b) P+:
2.53 \
P-: VrrxL9
R
nxlxll:
4
P,
--3x
(c) rl:
'P.
-- 59
(d)
0.67
Thus, 9g1 :
:
i:10
-4.5
51 4
mA andip;:24'8 m
22.1 mA
(e)
D
Dmax
--D:DPfr^x
10'68V
,o :
t,,
Thus.
:6,:
n'x4
Rt
Rrl r"'
:-1u i:4.8
:
,,'' :
4.8
m and
ao
;,
n'R,
.91
- -iiG'
Similarly. | ,, __ O
vtrc
x 11.5
5.2dL
lj'1
^_l
an'
1y:
+1R
:+0'67
t n:+10V,
z.tsw
rco: _2_xrco
.^.2
At
O.32W
Ex 11.4
*ii*"-
x||.2
:2''
Efficiency
:14.8V
"-.: -V,. * %o*
: -1 + ,
10
:2V',,x1:2 x 10 x 100 x 10
0.97
/ J')2
__
V. r,,
.995V/v
t + .o tz
+''
_- l'7
: .998viv
:1dL
At,:+10V, ig:24.8mand
__ .9ss v / v
Thus. "o : =-l_
!1 I l- 0.l
r"1
ax v.',,
sistr
Total power dissipated in the two transistrs
:2a v(
--2x2X1rX15
:60mW
(b) In is increased to 10 m
10 mA
AtV": 0, i"
: i,:
Fromequation 11.31
v-
ou -:----P t
0n:
) ai
25 :
10+10
R
R. + Ruu
100
100
1.25
1.25
Exercise
'
'l1]1ll1;;l,
.l =
,._
{t111
--
.rff]m]|lL]I|ul||11]T
4
ln
,,,,,
rlllllir
,,
:!!]]i{
" !:
'tl
[1
--
!!]t i:
00m
caculate
ris
area
ot
'i{
*Vcc
:5
lulllllll']l(lllll]ll]ll1rt]
l]t*t.
,il
-2
ir:o'^-lr.-:3-2:mA
: :0V
;ff
11]
1 I
,\
,,%a
'
:--|
,frr;
-t.
llili
-0.2475
n|0.2475_
-'*ii
ll]
lffil,l
ltfllt.
-, ,il,,*
llllllll
lililflil
', ft
"l
. j:r
l|||llrllih|h
illlfii
6.25
-vcc
2 m) using equation
m,
'.-I1
Nf
*,,
, i'a _
Mln, .mr
''
'27c
: -: \:. R.:
'
1]
]iirr :
r l
n0
Xl:
Vo"":
(1)
,.,,(il)+/.ln()
2\
'-'
""'[-fr] :"''()
-:,l0103X1_5
1lllilu]j
V"^ +
. t
-'r:rpated in each transis-
: V'ln;lr'r' L t? '.)1
I
il
But %,
.ii-0.4
,ill{,,,,,
,':
.s -:- :
*
rlllllll|*l
l(n
:r-\
u!
lllfulllllttu
{t'
.j,:]rA.andfor4:g
100
: 59,
and
]'-,,,,,
(l0-
,"'1
,o..
ti ,
u.,,
iNGN-0.1):9106
f is in m, then
i"(i' 100):9
#-100i"-9:Q
9 i,ry : 10.1 m
io: i" - l. : 0.1 m
Fr 6
r}'. l R
: -lV
and
-O.1
-10m
a first apprximation assume ip
- 0 since
= 00 m,
: 3 m
Exercise
:Vs,-,r,',[l
But
yrln
,,,
(aa)
+l
ere i. : 0.1 A
Equating uations 3 and 4
[ "
'o-''';
,-v,r,(;n)
, , ,o ,)'
iP(iP
(lo
1
For 7r, :
: 100.8 m
i": i" - i. : 0'8 m
+ ip
Ex 11.7
"C'm
g, is in m / mV
: 4m
- lm
- |.2 __|-2: O.5m
Rr + R2 2.4
Thus, - : c* n : 1'5 m
Thus/6',
0.55
c : 7X
For
0.025
0.46
+ 0.13 :
yBB:1.0v n:
ct
: \x
1:
.025 i .025
e
6': le
:2.12m1'
:2!l2 + 0.52:3.24m
+
1 mV
O'13 m
l2.4 :
:
o.tz.n
0.018 m
0.43 m
Ex 11.9
Using equation 11.43
-I
,o
,rtu"
(w / L\-
qW/L1,
(w / L\-
rwfl"
(w / L)l
T:
0.59
e_0'1/0'o25
(w/L), _
g'V
0.37 m
o.
Vr, : -200mV:
V:1.25 -:#:O'52m
V
\):
e_'5/0'025
| :0.2
Vr, :
(b)FrVrr:f5mV:
0.625
0.48 mA
2.4
V1g: 0.5
_ 1.15
'-=
0 025
le
vBE :
.4mA/mV
Ex 11.8
For
54.60 m
55.18
-50 mV
V66-1.1V In
1. = O.4X 25
0.58 m
i".]1j"-81 :0
Lc -- 8''X 2 mV/'c X
2.4
0.575
':
i"(j"-1):81
Thus,
e0'/0'025
54.6o +O.58
Expressing currents in m
, - 10mA:
6m
25 mv
e'05/0'25
1.15
va _
- _
rr)2
where
1.4
n:
Vg: 1'15V
o.l )
0.54 m
-.
vs: Tt.3 0.65 V
r' : 1 e ^vBFv l
: 1.39
: 1.39 + 0.54 : 7.93 mA
For Vr, : +20mV:
cl
1'3
2.4
Vgg:0.1
z-n|:xlO_'l'
Vp:1'4
/\
,.,"(ffi)
1-3
V: |3
- V|nffi)+
Q,|
'lu"
o, :
- V,)'
Lo' ()',r",
O.25(),(.2)'
'40
= () --
Exercise
.,
__
1--4
Gain Error
\v,112
X
L
(0.2)2
-0.35
om -
-3.5
D.2r
t 8.n)
{8'
10x(14.14+
14.14)
x1l.t2
See solutill on next page
]li
mr
r1
.iil1lriir
,,,'iV,)
* ::-.5)
,
'
yo2u
: 3.5o
2XlXO-r
t}o
0.14
:14.14mAN
Rnu,
- l'')2
-' -2o
;:
V o,,
mn
l-
10-3
Exercise
1-5
(Vcpz
Ex 11.12
V,n
using (l):
4o
2V scpQ +
o) : -
2(Vscps-
:
|v'ol)
|v,o)'
- y,o)
+
tpl
|v t|
('V
s.ro) + (V o,
u/' *
,o,rn*
(Vscpz
2|v
scpQ+ (V92
scpQ + 2v SGP,
|V,||
"_
|v,)2
and show V sz
iz
(v SGPa
V,, : +V n, +
(V
\v' : -
"s"a)
+ (V z
2)
V'z)
:
ul- r/')
1v
t|
2)
o, + 9!-Q
c*'
,",",
Vove
: ',V,v
where
(l)
Vi^l
Exercise
Ex 11.13
Tl 200
T:
- 25:
5
and,
l5-'1o'7:
':
,5
71X50
lc + cs + s
3.5:1.4
sa
1-6
Vq:7a-7
t Po
'^-175:3.5"C/W
But,
0.86mA
+15V
+0.6+s
1.5"C,zw
- Tc: rcP'
Tl
Tc: Tt * JC\PD
:200 - 1.4 x50
_ 13"c
Ex 11.14
a} From symmetry we See that a1l transistrs
will
15V
Neglecting /63,
Vs
"'(?)X
O.o25nr0.s6
\3.3
:0.6v
Thus, VE1
+ 10.6
lO_J)
x 1 'ol
V
and
.88
1c,1
mA No fur0.88 mA.
-15V
W.
O-7V and 11
2.86 m
t'c, - :86 m
lhrg rrrent, V66 is given
Wr
ll]h,f$
0.63
V and 1'
by
2.87
mA
;:: icz:
+9.3
/, _
15)
'5
{o
1o*0.7:
9.3
Yg
o.7
vn:
ff lrr10,7 v Then
0.7
O.25 lnr4'86
\:.:
2 _
4.86 mA
X l0
"
lo
3\
*J
+9.357
4.87 mA
g2- 4.87 mA
Finally,
: c:
3.3
x ,o_
Where
: *1g'
- (-
0.643 V
Vs2
1O -.643
cz
ic-2.87 mA
V"- -
"":V''-Vr':0'62V
2
Thus, /63
6a:1.95 mA
"vr/v
xercise
10.6
.62: +9.98v
.5
o.'2
VB2
9.86
9.36
3.3
.5
X 10
+9.86
14e0'5i 0'25
mA
0.02
-100m
163 - 100 m
10 '"i
\_].3
:V-V
:10.-58 o'72_
Thus, 1.o
{q-.)
ln(]!9
O.25
10V
,
a
V,,'
Vg64: ' -
7: +10v'
(c)For
l_7
Thus, ,,
7 : - 10 V, ,, :Vr-Vl
_-9.35'7 .62 : -9.98 V
For
,l: -1V
as.
:4.87 m C2:0.38 m
6:o.02mA 6a:10m
U.,:-9.86V.
61
l0
201
Ex 11.15
For Q1
C\ _ lSP
'''/V,
"s/V
'
,+|
l-^/V^
-:.be
ic - r, n'o
Isp
1ri.=
+
v,*
B
ls=
ssuming t!atVgil has nt changed much from
<_
i(.
10.6
0.38
0.025
gr
0.58
.5
0.38
Inr9 -]C)
r'1 /
\
-1.-l x lo
: 10'88V
1,,5_ l5 l0'58 -
Vr
Thus, 6',
.88
:0.6.51 V
9.357
Vll:s
r. :
:2mA
When
1.34
15
'.'(f)
'X
Rr,, then
:25xO,h(?+)
Assuming that 1g
- , ,
B
See Figure
ow for 02 we have:
Cr
Ex 11.16
- 0.30 mA
V62: 10 - 0.643
r:4.81 mA
ga:0
V2: 0.643
lP+l]
{,
0.88 m
0.88
[^ i.
-#-
g _ 1-:
1c'1
,t
"("
Y then
v., - 10.6v
15
Jli*tl*
ic
0.6
/,,5_
le
ffi+rc
m.
.651
d..:
1r'".
!lc
Exercise
l_'{]
'R",
.651
.- _ 4.34
[: eak output cuffent
i,= : R., X 100 mA
n.43a
1O
4.34
1OO
10
14
* .35
, - (v"l"D)'
L
&
:
Thus z,
Jx28:
8.2
Vltagegain:2K
whereK: I : 1+R2 :
R3
-ls
: \ r
R3
o"
R2
-..\o/"-_
:. ' 1_R) _
.1 R,)
P'B:
_3R
nput resistance
Peak load
_2R,,
R, ",
Rl
Thus.',-3V/V
R3
10
1.5
uo: 3 X 2: 6V
eak-to-eak
]-
Ex 1.20
e0.434/25x10_\
11.17
-,ti
1-8
or 16.4 peak-to-peak
;.:Is,5/v
: l
cuent : J :
8o
(3o/-j5)2
56.25
3.75
x1'1'.2|
R-l
We wish to vaue
:- R
4R,
_6mV/"C
:::
-3-3:
dT
* -lR:1R3
: - R. /R)
Q.E.D
tvcc :
aT
*6
rhus
[1 1R:)aVrro
R4l ar
(t *
ft)" -,
-R,R4 -.
,&
E;x11.22
ReFer to Figure 11.44
l,
|ffit,l,ilffi|
!]ii, :il.
tfrMM.Jt
rm
ri,!:B -
*-].
ri
-
Ltrffifl{'::
,
T.
,.. e
R:
r{
-
l :
Vcc :
m
20
v,;,
-3)2
6.64 __???
1O_]
Using equation
].9 W
'e: ha
o be less
@ff{Lln supply vo1tage f 2V is
ll|hrr
)*"C''}{1v"r1
lXI0 l:12(lycsl
'l
2
0.1 : (lycs -y,)2
+V"' : 3.32
>> 'P:
-*-x111l1
: p:
or dissipation
$i:t
vcc:(r*ft)r,,,*1t *ft)u,",*
6.64: (1+2)x0.7+(1
-+
R,
o, :9'5
-fr)r
4v,,
0.7_ 40.7
xercise 1 2_1
Ex:12.1
V
lc(.o"|
|V ou
<+1.65-0.3-0.5-0.3
<+0.55V
V,c'(^rn)=
Vr, * V ou + v,"
|v
nu,
'1
t|
> -.35 v
Vu(r,n) Voo*\Vour\
<+1.65-0.5
Vor,
- 8'o8'R'V"u,+d
/o",
: V.,,(g ,n68ntRt.
*-r)-
Since r,n ||
1.15V
and have
xl2.2
:
ly : 3v' 1 0'5 m'
Vov : 0.2,vo6: 0-5 v
r,,7
Cc
+
V'
Gn rVut
- l m/V
G- :
" _VoJr'-?9_-zs
'.'
'''' 0.8
20
=+fo6:r':#:40k
A, : -|-zrnz: -4x25: -10 v/V
Ar: -1'rn _ -l X 40: -40 v/v
A : AAz: (- 10)(-40) : + 40v /v
,.
40k
Rn : (r,,,,11 r"rl : -2 : 20 k
x t2.3
Text:
R :
x:.t2.4
: K(0.5)'? +:2m/2
: 2(0.2 + z: O'8 m
0.5
'' --------------:
8-n8-|,roz'1 r")
'^ -0.8:4mA/V
8.: Vo+8'z:
o'
4q
'r -'
ForQ6:.5
0'5
R_ =
: (voi2
Q2:,
"u|herefore
8.t8^(r^z|l r,,ol
-vSS+vov6
>-1.65+0.5
Vn1in)>
For
where
lnu
"-ffi
< + 1.15V
>-1.65+0.3+0.5-0.5
>
G n'zV
v
l, + -!J
R,
8.6
rn\| rol
/or,
<_
Vout
R2
Gn':,
mA/V G'z _
mA/V
Cr:1P
=C.:1.6rP
3;1r,,.
11 r,,,1
At: -G,tRr: (1 X 10
- (1 X 10-3)(10 /2): -50 v/v
Ar: -G'rRz: (2x 10-3)ir,,oll r,,r;
3)(4O( )/2):
-4 vi v
= (2x 1
A : Al'2 : (-5O)(-4) : + 2000
f : f,/ : 1OO x 106 /2X 1O3=5
(b) to moe zero to s :
R__J-__
G,,2
X 'l
,=500
Kz
xercise 12_2
i:'19-3:318X
106
] ;1
IO106:.4
_]18 /
- -.
>
Vss + v ov +
ov + Vr
: -1.2
(b) By Sym.
-2.9=(Vlcn)p< + 1.2v
-t_
(c)
\Hz
;]
(d)
l0
16
X 0.2
lll'il-i,-;.-Vrn
* "_:
1'2'9
1.85v
Ex:12.10
,,",,,
:
pnp:Is :
-l'ovl +Vtn
-l.:-[|.5: .55v
A
10
1.0
ji l":
]l0
tili
' ''
, : -'
m/V
f1'roarosf
l-1.33
106
0.7
2oo,V
50,v
:125
:5v
1r"v/v
Vr,
25
1(
rvln lo
|
,''
633 mV
'*
8-:/r5:2/5k:40m/v
fn-."-2oox25+5k
25mV
: Vr
---!
r.'lm
Vo
l25V
,^:
" C - lm :
t25 k()
l2.ll
-/v-
: 'e
V uu:
and13: a,1: 2
Fromect I
10_laA
Vn:vrh!
x:
=i3.33M
, :
10 laA, :
:Is
npn
i';
_]
",cc
.'\'':'
l, - )rwlL\(Vcs-Vr)'
lz :
)w/ L)(VGS2 Vr)'
For ' : r:
(Vcsr - Vr)' : 4(Vcsz- Vr)'
i.e.,Vor, - V:2(VcS2- vT)
or Ycsr : 2V6sr- V,
*S
lr
V,c"l^rn.)"=
];
']
<+2.5-0.3+.7:+2.9
Vr|n( / s)
v B4
1'lo
!f] :
v-rnal
l
' L/srl+ v-nl
' L/.rl v.ln
' L/{s/s4l
...
j l, /i l
" /i
Llsr . /s:.1 Llr,/ro
' i - _r
".
':
"
,J1''l1'l'1]
'11{r/s,-1
Exercise 1 2-3
xl2.|2
vB -- 0.' Vfor/. :
/c : l0 AforQlO
x:\2.|6
t v,ln|ffi] - o'ss
Vltageacrss R. : Vnto- V'''
Vr^n _
= 0"
.585:0.115
g /^.
: -= ,:
- 'R4 R
Ex:12.13
V o - V r
lct('o")
= + 15-0.6-0.3+0.6
= + 14.'
v'c'1.,n1 -
io=ia6-i=i
Vrs
.'.,o
rg5*R
'?
R'
R
,
: ';,
*ll n
n -
,n
r"5*R*R
-R
tior
v B
* Vas * V sl * V:.or *
_ 15+0.6+0.6+0.3+0.6
=
= '|2.9
r".*R
ll.5 k
R'
r"6, then
.
.'.!c6:,4r+*o7
rut
qry *
l0
Fig.
See
1 mfor8!1
-R
0.02
0.02R -: R10.02Rr"'
V
nt
Substituting R =
op-amp, we have
.'r -
0'2
.02
,^'"5
,.,,. ,
for 141
:5.5l0
t.z + '6i
and re = 2'63
x:. |2.1'4
.
1,0 : 0.251*,,Jiffi
-*
8OX3:540A
= 3.631:
V='o
/., -
Rr
l|
Ror
v^ _
Rolo = 31'1
R,,:
2.63Il
uo
Hence:
,l
-0.08/
n
- l:
.4/.
v'Ut'
(d)Vw: Vrul'rr,1
3.6.]/ l- .o8/' X
= 3.84k X /
_' ( + |)V gl
'
:t. :
,fr.
t s
x '))
2.421
G,".
= 0.08/,
Ro)l=
Ex: 12.18
* 1orr
& *t
x. 12.'6 and
(c) /B7 :
2.63
10-6
rn1,1(l+8I,{ ,tll|
2 :r..'' **
_
=Vuu *
5 2o1
V
19
(, 'gXlOhr2oX25lt
'\ ,n X -6
[' ;;,
- cs* c:9'5
:
(Rz+ re6) : i"(| + 2'63)
(a) V
l\
\,,in
Ro = Ros
R,,lr:
Ex:12.15
Assume ct
(b)
/(,'g:u:_
x:t2.l7
, -
5.5
X lO
l. R" :
=+
= 3.84 k{}
2B,t(Roell
1(q.5
'\ r.
r,(,(-5
'orn
2.43 M
- _ 5.5 rqj- :
U,..:;;;."10^
CMRR
ff"
9.5
_-
R",n1
/e.
6\(2.63
X O
x 3.l'l )
z'o:
3l'l /
l '/\
"
5.5
l0
xercise 12_4
: -G.'Ro.
(z)o]"
-6.5 X 8.1
-526.5
x:.12.23
3360 or
:l}11]]]l
i]
il
lllllIln]J ,u,,'
lllrn
]]]l
,fi
= "-i: k
r-l : 25 mV
= r:_ Q
= :,.
:--
i'
16
=
_<
r_'
]al
0.455)]
- K
1.-56
200-
40 x 0.16.s
30.3
vT
Vr,
+5.-s
100
Vr,
".
145.5
16_]
x:.12.24
,,
''",,, * ,^',
t
Ro = r"ro *
iL\'
lll-
- .-l
-:- :
r;Q
- -- - 1t
\:
- l1
so.q k
r+1
Ro,
2]+1-]
,8lK\
(+25 +_t
l80
st)
, -0.O25,\
;-;;;_--_--------^--" 0.05
201
ssuming z: : _50 and ra _ 2O0 and
Icll, : 180 fromTable
Ro:
" " i.
-.,r
-'JlI : 29.2kdL
_ _
(R;l
l
*.,
6.60.9171
';ill
';
'Ll8.8 l8.8K
: yr[0.05 + 6.05]
V_
=)R.=+
tT
--P
, q'gVr(Ro ll ,,'r)
.",,)
14.4
.,")
Exercise 12-5
xzt2.28
xz|2.25
SR
0.63 V/S
using eq.
"sR
n : iiG-^o*
0.63
2(|0\1X10'6
kz
'
n,
A,,:2-43147x10s
.'.
12
''
o : G.' R
Ao/G.91279z
.'.R:
v'
: -7
SR
'-
{=zX
where
-- %:+ SR
2
ith
R,
__
*.,
..ll
' '' 4r" + 2R,
.
., O.25 ffiV
I
for I
R:
now
2L
G-'
9.5
SR
- p
l R,
- 2r' * R'
X 10-6 A
0.050 --
9.5
2r,
X 1'6
5.26k
x (2v
- ?
I
+ IR)
: 4[V+ Rl2"t QD
^ G' : G.l
L-:
' -c, -2L,
.'. C. must be reduce x
new
r+, C.'..,:
"'ncw
2
factor of 2
{:
2
sp
Gain A
25 m
R::Rl:ffi:2O,oO
-,: ^(,
?,,(*)
I \1.r
F,x:12.26
G^'
b*^(*,') ',,,"." V
ffirQ)
1,'733
xercise l2-6
Find
:0 k
'
lli
'
_ '**(f),: (y),
'
2,** (f)"
:-
1]]
lorrii"r
:
-
.'.i' _
i"
(;:)('")('")
,()^
i(o,),
the original
-:l
',
(g),.
Assume l
' : !**
'.
Qo
llll'lil
,----:
{,
o
,.o
i]
(b) iB]
-!
io,
: 10\ :
iu,
: _
(40)"
;,
6.25
(])".40
= 40
(ssume
.
lm
l,l
- _ja
^l
P\
/run,,
2.5
lO
xercise 13--l
Ex:13.1
v oL,v
V,. Since V,
-v''
von -50=-Rorro,
^^'_Rr+
'DD
rs
2.5 :5Ok
- 50
A
- vDD;f;S
T obtain
-wL
V,)
6
1o3 X 125 X 1 X (2'5
5OX 10_6
125w
t
When input is low, the output is high and equal
t
V o".lnthis case, the switch is connected
ence,Vo"
R.,
is zer'
: Vcc: 5v'
:
Vo : Vcc- Rr,r, : 5-2X 1 3v
' |. \e use:K"R^ _ ly,
T determine
Stitut
y, :
.089V,
ft,' :
3o
A/V2:
.lO0
Ro :
R,
_- lO k and K,
O.O8g
l() -
o.zz
voo
,,
voL_
- .
'Vn-V,
NMu
and sub-
10k '
_ ls
X lO ", ' l X lO' - * ='|
Vo"- V,":
NM: V,r-Vor:
'.-61'1'8
032
:
- 0'26 :
lruootoo
\r":
__ l.-rl
.R -0.5
''h:
Pdu,",ug"
equal
When the input is high, the utput is low and
ence
R.,'
t
is
connected
Lo v oL.The switch
Ex:13.3
and wih
ind
Ex:13.2
v,
0.5)
R.r,
-!-
: Voo : 25X
-_
unchanged:
.w _"
"
Po,
unchanged resulted in
V,
Ex: L3.4
K.-R
2x
l0 k
RD
: 302.4 \\'
Poo : Voooo: 1.8 X 168
: 15l W
Poo',,,,r,:
l'ro
To determine V, , we use:
we use:
'C.'(Vo,
we
norder to calculate the power dissipation'
need t first recalculate
2 k
48 k
|'S :
and
r,
Rot ,or; 6. 1 _ 2.5-J2J-: = rr, -_
hence:R,
oo'V,'
Substituting for
and
Stay he Same.
lso:Vr,
1'3
O.ltr$
0'49 \'
0'46 \'
u""
=voo-vot
RD
P,/n'.,nr.
- r'. x !-926 :
}
1.l9 \\'
Exercise i3-2
Ex:13.7
-----:
FromEq. 13.35we
-.1
.o-V,:
hae..
Po"n
.3V
1CVoo2
1o_,5x
1.82
Ex:13.8
(_1.8
PdynC'V2oo= Pyrt
0.5)2
P,ynz
iz_l-11.g-2.5)
-5 s2
=
* :- :
0.5V
- l8+(3-1)os
-t+l
66.73
CV'or'
;v;
= o.
Ex: 13.9
v'(t1 = v.(*)
- (v.(-) -
v.1o*11"-,t"
Vo _ (Vo _ ()1"''ea
tl '
rr-]) = -(-tp')
\ 2) "'<
|'oo-.l,]l]
',-
Jr
--l
6)2
::!
-':,-
-'-V,-Vo,
l- : 1.8 -0.s-0.12
. : 0.61V
- 61 :.69
,l -.38v
c{-:
,
K,and
= .-:,
tpll :
for
p1rr:
k,W,,
'oo',
. o.un
10 psec. with
ltr
1-1
:.
'
lOfFand
l.2 m
Voo: l'8
xercise 1 3-3
tp
Ex:13.10
yoI
For tp1gthe output Starts at Vq1and goes to
through the u which is 20 k:
v o0)
*
v oo
Lv
""
v
V
o@)
o) :
Lrv
(v
V
"r)
(voH) + voL
'_ ''(;))
__ lptl
o|)
o"
(V
"
,',rL/
o(o*))e
't"
- v or)'-'''"'"
= 0.69
R.C
through P which
)uo"*Vo):
(Lu
",
is
10
Vor'-(Vor-
lu ",- 1u
voL+ vo1
:tplt
",)
:,
o')e
'PL
,'HL,I
"(-''(i))
:69ps
t : '69'R'c : 0.69X10KX1/
p + 69 p) : 10o p
trr.") :
,, :
}l:
\{to"',*
Exercise 13-4
,f' =
"-16
nsec
Exercise 1 3-5
x: 13.12
a) From
', _
Eq. 13.58:
r(V o _ |V,ul\ +
r1
,'
o,
- 4 X 0.13 m:0'52 m)
o
b)Von: V:
''2'Vo':
v,": !;svoo-2V,): }r>< |'2-2xo'4)
50
X 10
- i" :)
'><
(),
)0.2
w,
2wn
= (),
'o
nC
'*': ;();
V,"
lqzvoD+2v)
V
0'55
S :
.,1
:r
-'4
t.8
ur
\1.8/
Ntingthat
3X10
,tr":ffi"
-.C
Since Q and Qpare matched, th utput resistance in the high-output state is the same:
flsp : fs : 2.9 kd
F-(), : (). :
,., _
_r(5-
lV ,ul
r*1
l)l
ri7
{,r,
When V, :
l+r-
'
'rt
49.4 ps
,n :
+ tPHLl --
(PLH
z.l*49.4):31ps
0'53 V
:
..,
PHL
and I3.59:
r(V oo -
V,
.13.-58
"
Ex:13.15
,4
Using Eq.
z'
l.,wehae
r: [i : os'
Ex: L3.L3
*.'()"
tptn:
43010_6X1(1.2-.4)
= 2.9 k
.os
" "
,')
--
' -l)
x.
then:
__
'9,?:' "'
(').
).
R62_5
5l x ll
().
x l2'| x l0'
2.5
X 2
X l0
15
y)"
l/2
: 0'2
V adV o
n
'Q opefates
is sien as:
circuit
the
in triode region and hence
&
v,,)v o
(
\t
4 '\V,,
o"- ^1
'
vno-\voo)
:
Mg : Vo"-V," -- 1'2- 0'65
NM: V,r'-Vor: 0'55 V
'
Ex:13.14
= 0.65V
hence:
From above:
+(w
= 0.55
[,,
=0.8r+0.4=+r:1
v,r:
n"'(Yr),[,r,
+0.2x10
'o
"
.(ry)
"\
L ),,
r5
we btain
Simiarly, using Eqs- 13'69 and 13'71'
Exercise 13-6
J:
59X3X13 c
_r
Ex:13.9
a) s mentioned on page of the Text, C1n, is the
contribution of intrinsic capacitances of e1y and
Qp. Therefore,
(r),
il: =50x1O_l2
,.., '=r.)
t
.'. Cin, : 2
l',
C1n
2x
C"^r: C8 * Cgo * C," :
0.1125 +
C.il,2
0.3375 + 1 +
2'9
= 3.35fF
q. 13.19, we have:
/t\
8.3
b) From
of pis:
part
* Cn"*
- ll,gil
C..r
,*'rwr -
,ilJl:.-<r-.r,
or equivalently
rtr'
L old
]'
_i:
tr)
#)
,"n...
: ); tone :
##
x 28 ps
= 20.5 ps
d)
- ll
.o(n"oncin6 + lR"o.C".,)
For
ff
_:
nuu. ,o o"
:efr-cion
{iliF
-,r
psec
]5 l to 0.375 m
()" ^r(),
increased by factor f 2.
c) Frm q. 13'19:
Cn"*
* -'iaLD
'],
_ (2
.7875f) + .2t
Lad''*" ()
is doubled and
Ex: 13.20
16.6 psec
21.3 psec
16.6p + 21.3p)
Payn
: fCVoo' :
10e
6.25
f^ : |.
lp
=
nh he inverter can
_i_
2r,
228
O-s x2.52
= 39.1 w
"n"",
,j
: l-6
s_&
R"u
},
'2to
C V292
6.25x10-tsx2.52
_:9.5fF/J
t' :
2
"
fF
Exercise l3-7
Ex: 13.21
a) For
__
NMOS devices:
t\
"
18
X t.5
- 0..l8
y_ :
-_ .27
.l8
t/s'
Fr MoS devices:
__
b) For
-
o - O'l8X4X.l
0.l8
O.l8'
.l8 t.
.l8
''
"
0.54
in V6,
V
's'
by
rst _ l8
1. ,
hence'
1.2
'4
0.34
V'
0'8
which is
A1s,
410X 10
Pe
;^ __ 1
'
1
0.412
Ivorl - vn|
bthlargertha, lVr-,|
anv-
n,
io =
|lO
X l-'' X
are
thedevicewi1l
;^
_ 1X
2
l.5 X .6(l
.2
0'q _
!x
l/S-
s'- l
!J
'6
1.2) : 55.4
0.6 yDs < 1.2
(1 + .1
is
= 59.1 A
ly"l :
remains
t 1.2\r
results
1r
p , o CV'o
'r/\7
2tu
1'2
Vr5
,thus
1'2
would be:
Voo
V,n
6, :
(1 + .1 x1.2) : 154-1 pA
if velocity-saturation-were absent, the cuent
snpp
o V'
o5
iD:
, , oC since
'
k'Voo-
4ooito4
decreases by a factr f 8.
f V, and Vt
6X17X1O_:
.25X1
conditions in
1.
Dxz\3.24
#"u,.,
isscaledylrl
'.s2 s -
MoS
Ex:13.23
So,
xzt3.26
0.l8
ratio is
s3
= 0.63V
xz L3.22
is scaled
*fu"
:qn:X4Xl.5:#
.1 8
/.
w
Ex: 13.25
NMOS devices:
"
1l
uv V os<
1.2
.5 x O.6(l.2
0.4)2(l
NMOS cuentby
7.
0'l
33 and the
MOS current b
Exercise 13-8
i]*
!-}' ,e
have
1 -
Exercise 14-1
t4.t
L)"
(W /
1.5 (W
4.3
L), :
V': V,o+{]vljfi,-
o'32
rr., :
0'5 ns
sinceVr, : V-V,,
tpr
.03 ns
V' -_
_ (V- r,)[, -
V1
(2'5
5) X
[-!l
v'_ (vDD_
v,l[
'
Mtl: (yDD_ V,)l
:
\ - -L)
./:.+,
(r
0.85
':;-"),-
-2-)
J:/
(2) x
tpll
,1s *(%#)
30
1.15
:
tpu
t-
0.189
- v)
0'648
'8 V -'648
oL_+0
(),
(b) Ref'erring t
io,(o)
1.68
(t] :
7lO-''-
3, 10,'' ,, 1_44x2.5
zf|-
0.356V
0.09(2'65
Vo"_s5
--4
144
'll1-'(t)-
v
Von : Voo- V,:
168
.11 nsec
rs
= 0.03
nsec
1rsx10-6,(#)><,t
," -
V,n)'
rnru'l(ffi(s
io"(o)
V,)'
\,',(\),v
""'
\rzo*ozv'l(})sv
t 0'03n) =
.07 nsec
l V)2 _
800 -t
1v)' :320 H
800A + 320
= 1l20 A
t.9
x 10
\"(Yr)
'v
Capacitor cuent is
ic@) : i(o) + ir"(o)
1(' )- - +)(t)-t]
1.gx-7
Fig' 14'12(a)'
= }ro
-"
0.446v, + o.o5
v,
14.4
|{:
0.3v!'z''85V
yields one
Soling this quadratic equation,
:
practical value for
-,
- v,-
s that,V]
l.,",
v - ,fis vl
s5
*"r""()"
6,l
2, _
V,:0.5+.3v/2
v?
J4(5).]
(),
f'+ #r]
. _ _ +l _ 07
,-_ 0.5_(2,|'_
4
-
-=n,
we get
v'- 0.223:o3J-65_v,
'!i
J.65
L{41
V6r: o.27
1r,
v,:0.5+o'3vr'2
("/T3
:l
,"
Suhsituing alues.
14.2
Usingeq. (14.11)
Jr)
situation is
To obtain iol,ltpr'we note that this
can use
we
and
identical t that in Exampe 14'2
(c)
the result of Part
io"Qrr") :
50
i,(tpll): o,(), r,
L,,,,_
u,,,,
'(l\
xercise 14-2
o,
",() -:(+1
* _i!_{1
722.5
!$
'tr.at
,, -
r/'v r]7;
|V,,
1_6)
z$,
Jrl
+ O^6
* 0.613
lv,' _
- "Fl
g.5yl/2
-s
r5y
* 1.0242
solving,weget lV,r,l : 1.6 V
t--.)'
(d)
t:
o.g76v,p|
: Ir
)(rm
1 tpl\:
)o.z
ns +
O.
19 ns)
0,22 ns
14.5
-]t-l-:320A
: 8 + 320
R.^
'".4t'-
Rct
= 5.5k
tpll
tp
ili,l ts
|V,o|
r-
- _
v,:1v+.5vl/2
-trV-)2:8O0
'-
"
{fi o; f)
V," +
"i[t:,j_,'}F()
_sr
lv,ol
* 1"5 :325
A
:
:
0.69RC: .69(5.5kX7O)(10
15)F
r* it-
$:t
14.6
(f)":,,
()':
',()-;()]
n'o-#il:
,t1' - -
:.b'
voo
2
#:8'3k
14.7
jr-
Using Eq.(13.71),
:
#*o.uv-".6vJ
l.4g
Ro,
: j9 k
()'
_-
k:
(2)
nr"
'
:l
_ l49,-j
0'.
gr.
_17[ffi
ffim -
20
(w\: lr)
,?:?
: 0.69|(Coutt
x (il + R2)
4 A
I2.5 k
* Crcr)R * (Cinz
Ccz)
tn
\ )"
Using Eq.(14.38),
to
j5 k
0.19 ns
o.64
xercise l4-3
=1x5Xl(5-1)2
2
= 400
_ v,\
ir1(,1
_ |"(),o,|,u on _ v,'v,
1,,:
2''
-l
= 115A
_
i^,l
'Dl t,''
jr'
(c)
A'
Y=AE+
xoR
XNOR
Since
v,)'
lr(Vrr) -\"'c.,l(|)"oor-
cloubling
**(y)",
'"():
2(68.9A)
137.8
PHL
,,()
'
C,,(v ^^
'(uoo-)
_ 30(1O
145(1
14.10
Ret'er t Fig. E
'''(#)",,
14. l
6)A
o.9V)
0.19 ns
-)"
!,
(),,,: !)_)"!,-'
: I rv\
(h),D(,,. : V
o)
X l0 |' x
4
288 x lU
40
-----------
;A,i J,
= 0.56 ns
Follwing the hint we assume that Q*
-'
lrr(
,'.,
'_ .lV)
__
(e)
,2
10
i'
\"(|)",, .2
iozlo,:|*sorl(3-1
ipzl..,'Lt
C
t-t
X 1O_6X.56X1O-9
= ,1.4 v
40
10-ls
:
V _
-0'88 V
SULD BE SFTED BY
0.88
0.907 + 4.98
(\/DD-v)2
(d)
. 5.2-Vor-vo,
':
Rr+R2
5.2 - o.75 ' 0.75 :
i(v')
,\
14.12
',,,
5)F(1'8V
ou,,
o|,,,,
Von
) -_ t45
r'
---_----:---l-
= 100
14.9
Thi.
_'r
=AB+AB
l75 _. 28s
|,,,r
ioz1u,'
40
- -*, :
_ V-Vorr:
0.6285 m
Thus,V,
-0-57
Vn
-0'57 -0'15
Exercise 14-4
{,,.r
: ,- Fis.
"
-'
14.26
l
'l8z
:-0.75+5.2
-4m
o = -x4xRc2=-4x0.245:
-1
i.779
_ 1.24+)
: __il
0V (because
.=
V ro!z
-_ l5.2 mA
.zs * o2sln[l!.2)
\l/
= 0.818 V
Thus a better estimate for
uon
-0.49-0.818
-l
is
-1.31 V
q.
. r ,' r:g.
]i
1-1.28
= \ 1,. n
14.15
99 no,
.779
1l
i_]i
]]
I:'l .
_c
:er esimate of
0 779
:
:
0.75 + 5.2
).779
]L
ll . -,.':-;
Jli 1 =
l
r-
ll
]it1
asrimate for
-_i
3.97 m
-.25 nr2'09)
-1.25
v'
'i.
'
__-_______-_____
- 015 + 5.2
i
-':"]
-_
).779
6.88 m
4.166 mA
.imae or /^_l
" ' '1lS
.z5
o.02.sin6.98)
\1,/
_ - .906 - 0.798 :
-1.7M
(b)For z, : Von :
-0.gg V.
/L _-0.89_0,75+5.2
- --__i1g_-- : 4.58
ru|nris
-1.656 \/
Von
4.08 m
_ I :lA
0.5
and coespondingly
better estim
V nlq
Thus.1,
-,,jino]rl
= ". ..
= 0.798
: r/2'
no
0'75
-1'656+2
-----_-:::
V,rl' :
0.906
_:{:.-din_sy,
._]2v, Q"
'i1
l
,|o]
\1)
UoR-
ru|nris
..:5 . O.O25nrg)
ill]]
= -0.906 V
" n.1.018:3.98m
lil]
"l
. QR : 0.75, = 4.08 m
ate
for
0.75 +
0^ iS
o.025|r()
_ .88-0.788+52
0.788
-_ 4'5'] 'q
O.z5 + ).O25ln)
\1/
= .79 V
Von: -1-0.7g:-1.79
').799
4.12 mA
(+)[r".+Rrl
{Il
'il
lol[f
+ 5Ol
5..55
xercise 1 4-5
clno
(5.55 kQ Il 0.zz
vi
',leo
-5.55 l
* Rt
0.22 :
11-'rr.'
5+5
'on
c|
0.99
_0.269 X 0.909
ssume
''
_
-
-0.24
/y
0'79
(-0.79+.3)
,=^
-- (-0'79}
|o r,0,,
{
_5.2
(because the current will be 4 to 5 m)' At the
range of saturatin,
-0.58 V
\4.16
Refer to Fig. |4.26' Fr the ref'erence circuit' he
current through R1, D1, D2, and R2
5.2 2 X 0.75
i"
'"
4.98 + 0.907
v rlo,
_Il _
Va
'lQ|
6: u:0'99
0.719
+ vs
0.99
vt-0.'9+5.2
0.269
(#.zzr)xro3
!on
','l
"( 1QA
0_y"+.79-0.1 :
Thus.---=:--
-o'57
.57
.629
v
0.75
: 'l'32
1'65 mW
: 4
P:4x5.2+|.65:22-4mW
totatr
Exercise 15-l
Ex 15.1
when
, : a, :
Saturatted'a
and
Q2willbeintride
O*'() _
Vo____
l
I
*zpp
------------->
--..-_J
|
'
Ex 15.4
(fl.1
,,
1v
,, 'l(f),
- O 5)() - ) l']
-* 172x1o-o
l+'J_l
'^'-2.6m
8ra
' -
ii
--->l'<-
---------->
"X5x103X.69
10
6.9 ns
/
17
2
"'"
[rvDD-n)
\
(.,.
,. ',()(),( - o,)'
i()(ffi)[',
_d__V
vDDt2
-CR ln2
t1
)'''
___-l____--__
-,,)' : o;(o,),
ir'()",('(}),,
-_(Voou) -:()'1
,n"nO* will be
: ,,,
(y).1,".
()
= \ '
)"
'5 )'
1.8 - .5/
(l
\
-r] : ,,
z._s
Ex 15.5
, : '" \5 L':
,
r^,
To find
!r('C,,"'()r,
)
\Ll"
""
15, ,Jie
v,n
use
o)2
2.5
,, () :
\Lt"
144
._s)'
(t.8_ O.5_
0.5)2
1.5
/. : l X3OX l0 6x
'2
.5
6r:2x70144
l.5
t2xo.2:2.gns
A
or:/ 1o 1
5
rW)
\L
therefre,
),'
:2.ns
r: 1.7nsX
1.5
Exercise 15-2
Ex 15.11
Ex 15.6
(}),
= ().
"
?,l'-('-
(l).,
(),, =
2.5
[r
- (' -
FromEq. 15.18:
.)']
- Wo:
Ex 15.7
From Eqs.
0'18m
M2M(NMos)
V,l -
y CB 2
Vl
x t '1
.:Xl0_''
:
:6.0
" L
mV
-0.06
134.2
134211128 pm"
2x
1'74'46 mm2 =
:2
13-2 mm2
+2+22+"'+2l)
:2
Geometric series r
"
'
\/e
reduce r byafactorof2bydecreasing
Samefacr.
6;
can
bythe
8^' + 8''
ence, G, has to be doubled'
be increased by a
and both g,nndfrd g^1rhaet
be achieved by
ru"to, or i. t e increase in g, can
Gn
().
_
10'54 - '"
.t8
()"
: tx2'16
- 018 :24
f '
'us'
:2N -l
Number
Ex 15.9
'o
, 2
r.r] + ...+ ?
L
^
L
(1
Thus,
Since r is proporional
- 2 _
Sum: ,'2 _l
,1
11.6 mm
1.28:
Number
134.2rnrn' o.equivalentlY
11.6 mm
find as
1.3
Ex 15.8
zM(l + t)
Refer to Fig.
+ 2M(PMos)
Ex 15.13
tt
:
c,
_ -30 x 1o 12x1'2
-Cr',,voo
2
,
J"O
- -60 mV
:
:
:
o'
6'25
C,
CVroo
Ex 15.12
Wn:
l :
x l.8 : l8O
-_ 5OPF
-- CVo
0.5 ns
r
P: Vro : 1.8 X 180 A : 324 W
(). =
''()"
(), =
_J-')')
Ex
:2Q*1)
15.14
t"l 2x5tu
1
-
2X5X1'9
:100Mz
Exercise l5-3
ilr
1)2.s
-)rt'7
Vop
ull
-1
1251
tntlfri
__1- t,=2.2
voo\-e-t):
:
--J
<_
o.632vDD
3.16
5
V
V--> {.5
+2.5
C"
-'lnrlx,
.ai,, 10' - o.l
ns
'": *o"()^Q.16-2
: ]xsx9x2.l2
')
')
:0.35 m
C"v
D
_2x10-12xg.5:2.9ns
.35
l-:
-:x103
1O-3
Exercise 16-l
Ex:
1:1
16.1
x
,",-
6.2
20 log 1.05
-l
20 1og 0'95
0'9 dB
'
since (0)
: 1,k:
1s+l)(s'+s+s+l)
1
(s)
(s+1)1s2+s+11
1
j2) -
(slj){s
'l "[j)(" i
(s:+4)
';)
I-1
{-+,st--j:
"44
, (rt+4)
s-'l-.s*
,4
: _
:l 4
k___-=-----:--
(1
('f
7.sl-o
"t
T(o)
.'.7(s) :
Thus:
I
,_)ornnl
'l0.0l_4OdB
Ex:16.3
'
1()
Q:\
c2
")
11 '2)
'r-;,l';a',2
I
2
=_'=a-
./l -'- .' -" t _"]
-!
J*ro
{3)
rg}
Jl '
_2O
lrad '
,J,lt-_
'
12^l(l'1,11;)
a.E.D
hus:
28'6 dB
'r'
Ex:16.6
1_-
. : r/lT_ l -
Ex: L6.4
r(sl
-'ffi
(s + .1 +
s({2
.4)
j1'2) (s + 0'l
n oz: + O'65)
1s2 + 0.23
l)l
j1'2)
(,)
+ 1'45)
^/lO"'
| --
0'588
/'
'' l
f '-.'|.e)'*
-20lglT(j')l
r
lo o[l
. l2\
' .';)
1/
> 30
Thus, lO lg[1 + .58882 X 1'52]
:
dB
N: 1LS 29'35
N :1 1 LS : 32'87 dB
.'.
N -_ l l
Use
,,',,, :
and bain
32.87 dB
Fr ,.,, to be exactly 3 dR
e'x 1.522] : 3
- oa-a
0.3654 9 .a' + 2 lg ^h
l 1g[1 +
ol2Q: lCos60 :
o/r.Q: 1cos60 :
t).54
dB
1/2
ples has
As shwn' the pair f cmputex
: l andQ:
Ex: L6.7
-l
The real Pole is at s
at
The cmp1ex conjugate poles are
s : 2cos6O" -t jsin60"
: -0.5tii,I
Exercise 16-2
co,'[lucos_'(fi
,""'_'(fr) :
k'k
'
0,|,2
;:,"""'(),k:0'1,2
r:"CsO:r"
6r:rCosf:o.lr"
dr:"Cos:o.s.,
Ex:16.9
for
DCr*:
0.5
1Ol-1:o.3493
(,)
"
:
:
:5
Io los| + 2cosh'"o*h
_-"" ,:})'l
"t
10 1og[1 + O.34932cosh
,)-J
217csh _121]
64.9 dB
For.A.,'= l dB,
: JlO" i _
0.5088
: 10 log[1 + 0.5882cosh2(7cosh
: 68.2 dB
(:)
'2)]
tl
'(ff
u'.o,'["o,
-'f
/_
i'l} - l)rl
:
r' )
5
]|}
0.95p
):
.5o8{
10 tog[1 + O.50882cosh21ly'cosh
i---- l'. :
![n,
l0'o_l :
N :
.t - l,n
r :
n/
('s) :
50dB
:0
g]- :
.:
ten
fi
Ex:16.10
o.so,"
1O
N:
:55-50:5dB
o,,z'
_'t.s)]
0,
r,2
0.5088
(,)
1O
-.(fi
log[1 + 0.50882(1.5)'*]
N -attenuatin :
N:15.9
Excess
r ro[l
.'.
choose
]
= 50
16
log(t1 + 0.5882(1.5)"]
- s) :
0.5 dB
Exercise l6-3
x: 16.11
9:IO3rad/s
a
10.
selected to yeild a centre Frequency gain of
Ex:16.15
(a)
104:!CRr R,:10k
C : 0.01 F
D
l0
.F. Gain - _+ Rz
an az
:ao
Rl
100
r(s)
Ex: 16.12
Reler t Fig.
s2
52+s/Q+lo
b-2
16. 14
1 :
,n,,:
"cR
1T(,rr)l
lO-trad/s
l0kC:
.l
10'x
,:O. l
1"
t+
tbe
each.
-_-_
s+sn/2'l,, +i
,1
(fordc gain =
1)
(),.
-'-=_:--:2,2 (2i -)
z
I(r'n
,'2'
- ,')" +, ,.-.2
l, rrl
=--4
/r
\2Qz
',
,b
o'1'
<'l2o
,,(r?r-r1)
+ ', :
<'l!)2
z(2o- ?)
(1)
Bv"
*((l)_,i)2Q2l
.'']',,.1
"
ll=
}
1
which is 3 dB helw he
1.1
NL
r2-
l=^a,,,,-1
BW,, Q
(b) Fr:3dB
'9"
.r, I 0', '-l O'
I
i{f'nm
ffi1
Jr:*
]ll1]!lllry,
21 Q.
=o=_--...jqB}V,/!{) I''
SUB(l)
l !="6l"-1
r-1 0
'r,
Ex:16.14
This (s)
=a
lo ]=7i6e,t,'_
\,',/
n,
$ _ <'l| Q
\n
+{lel
"
l =1; r-'
r
^/
is
lr any two frequencies , and , at which ||
ltol
,","ol,
n'4+ )
Jl)
I
A2
(o3
,lrj,
'
the same
Ex: 16.13
7('s)
* 'lb
lO5 ral / s
o:
---+-Btv,JIO"t
oRBIV.
JQ
o..o.
l
t(t
BW
Q..D.
Exercise 16-4
-,
- ,u-
,',
ll
t"
nfi'
= o/Q
210:26o/Q+Q : 6
Q : ooCR
6:260 XCX 14-+C :
+)-'
\ -
.",-,12(l
2(.
o)2**-,
olo
2Q'
1.2 rads
Q :
C)
:,
o:
'
"L
L:+:,19o
oQ 260 x 6
Ex:16.19
f
"
1.6F
1o
kz /.o,
:4.42
50O
0:=!-::ru
-, "f,u, 500
Using the data at the top of Table
a-
{.2,
- ,'.*)l
t'-'' -.].".)2
C: 1.2 nF
R:Rz-R::Rr:
Co --
1'.2x 1o-9
Ru: Q/nc:
13.26
-:265k
, '0
x l.2 X l 9
2|oo
:@ _1
nC
(%*
2|0a
16. t
6. 1
case
i(
centre-frequency gain = 10
1*rr/rr:10
Selecting rl :
r kc)
10
k thenr,
Ex:16.20
':x215x13
Eq (16.25)
7(s)
- p : 210a
-_
8'1408(s + 0.2895or)
!r -
2.25 mH
1
7(s):
-0'2895,
s + 0.2895o
Exercise 16-5
Let
R,
dcgain =
as i -+
C:
Rz/R:
: R2:
10k
C=nF
.Cn'
0.2895X21oax10a
|
nC
R:
0.2985-' _
x lO
210a
-l5.9k
"
Rr: R,:10k
5.5 nF
10
: 10 k
10(2x2 - 1) : 3 k
K : 2 - + : 1.5 v/v
o
(s)
L6.21
lr(j)l
R1
0.4295')
Rr(2Q
- 1) :
ighfreuency gain=
s2 + 0.4684,, + 0.4293'12,
Vnu
vi
1 _Vn - sKl(CR)
n,
sCR vi
s2+Sj+
Q
= CRn
: o - l.52
-_
3v/V
F.x:16.22
"T"
Select R,
+C:
-Rz:R::Rs:1k
JA2g3x2104xlo4
2.43 nF
C:C:C--2.43nF
n
-
- l.4=> ^ - _9-:
- L-oiql'n
,,('
.4684
14
(s)
0.98832
Rr : Rz - R:: R5 _ 10k
Cr:Ca:
ln
;:
10*
,,(Rr/ R"\s2 +
._
"
(RF/R1)-2n
l s,,/Q1rl2u
given C : lnF R : 10 k
R_ '' l ,_-_ll.8:]k
oC 25 X l'X
10k
R:1k+R":
:
R2(2Q-1)
R2 _ 10k*R,
:
9 k
=-10(10 - 1)
s2
J9s83x214x14
1.6 nF
:5.56
o:J8&1
_
1789
ThusRu
v^
Vi
: Q/,,C:55.6k
:
&-'
Rr*o
DCgain
R,
_2=R,
-
"
lor9]'
\5/
: (z ;)fr :
: 3}:9.:
16.7
25.6 k
xercise l6-6
jbr
,'+r[-___-+
l
\
\ "x2X Os
l;;;/*
;,
---------.:1.59nF
1
]10*
{lll l
lM
:1
,'+
l0*
:
-ein = Q
r13
X lJ) +
1Os
,: -3xot^/qxo'-x
2
= -0.382
10a
:'_
ll1f,
]i
. 0:20k
:r.
: 2 19
x:16.27
vi
,l,*''', *^^'-.,iE
Vt: O-
vo
sczRl
1at ()
V^
j:?+SCr(V-Vi-#\
* v,-v^
o;;":o
&*sc u"*##,r
,l
1'-l-
: :
+ oV _
1O*s
sc2.R3R4
vo=
nF
vi
: ]k
_/
sc
ffr;l
n
Ro
+1
.tc2R3R4
KQ
ffillh',fr'
"
't
f:
so
' ]&l;,llirrr*xt
Vr:
_.-JX2XlaX
Vi s2
lsX lo4 + 0
*
l1sltu l
uil-'-_
] --
\
-
l'
C&)
F,
'cg7o
R : 2X
1O5
X: 10a+:
nus & : l k: R.
l_
2x1o4
O'5
--
00 k
Exercise 16-7
1 ,
- _ !9--'--- : -l.s(
^+2.o
Ex: 16.28
.s;o
<_
Scayo
.--->
Sc4 (y-y)
SC3V6
c3
oo:-1'1:-2o
Ca
R2
vi
R1
vo
ri:{-C' +.si:C,-z
'" C,
(') - *" C,
11
- _!_2l+
') '(-2-2
SC'V,
:2-2:0
: so-,^J) l sg,=C'-l
"L2
'C
^Q
a
R2
yol srcrc.R,
1
vi
sz +
f;sc.n,
* 'sc'Rl
-n,
s.ft_,(r
R.
:o(-2)+(0)(-2)+0:0
Ex: 16.31
ft).
C l
a -_..-.-------:_'
r,,R/Rr(l,) Rz)
\R,
gain:
] sc,,+ l
"#_*
as in Eq. (16.ii)
lc.coR,R,
D.C.
+ V SCa(SC,,Rz)
/ C3C4R2
: -J-
<no
high we have:
,ro
1at()
1:0
SC3v
LQ:-
V,, +
(c)
vo
Vn:
!=.__-1x2--l%
)- O
2
s9 "R+
vo
as in Eq ( 16.78)
C:C:6TC
l ,x20
- 2loa
20 X lr
-
6.283 pF
From Eq. (16.99)
C.-C'::O.3l4pF
020
From Eq (16.100)
Centre-frequency gain =
Q.E.D.
Cs
Cs
0'314 PF
x:.16.29
x: t6.32
R,_R,:R:10k
CR:2Ql.
t-2Q,rRn : 4Q2 --
C,
2/J1
:
2(4 x 16:;10a
(!\:
\)
.5.63
nF
: R.ll ., l R, :
I
2
..
BW
: f ,/Q:
'l +in:_-;
2 : '1a
!x2 :
2
15
1'5
(2x455X103)X5X10'6
7/2 *'o:
-' +'Q/Q
(b) R. i R,: 2a
k+R, :
10311 103
2.81 nF
S'o:
R3
Ex:16.33
Fi,x:16.30
Refer to the results in Exampe 16.3
(a) R./R. : *2o
':,:
455t35:
13
KHz
hL
I
C :
(2x455x lOr)2X5X l
24'4" nF
24.47
0.2
24.27 nF
:3k
Exercise 16-8
:.rlrjthr,;?s
1fl.
.1ll
,illll{i '
"
,,,:,
,fh,rtritt
72.8
_: 5
X 455 X
1O3
X 5 X 10-6
fili'
?-
-]l = _!_
.= 1
: _its tr
zq..l
ff;;]{
lJn,,'i-],-
hu_s.
Ri
is
=#'-
141.4
C,
15.1
(2 lo.63 x
74J
1o_|2
O6;2
X.1
14|.4
l9.*
Eq (16.110)
']
.r[z
lil'.fr
1
l|'l
];X 1.7X106)2X3X10-6
i ]F
lll
illill
(16.I15)
"{F--
:1'/.'l2
--a
lo.77 Hz
141'4z
_.
Eq(i6.l6)
:
'- uf.:1': _:/2[2 :
10.63
103
-*D
M]:
-
3.8X
= :.JKHz
Mz
X lO'6
1o3
Ex:16.37
"sae ^ -sage2
lL
::x15.5xl5.t
1
:7
|03
p-l-
= s- R/n,here
1,'-s* =
bzL
L2
: 74.7 pF
R: 1 =
_ - an
x 10
For stage 2
72'8
15.5
l-6
pF
CBt
,;
+r
I:
R:
x 106;2X3
(210.77
'2oL
ls5
'=-l-i.-i
:li]m]il] ]il,i|]fil,,,
t:. -
__
f,' _
l,-
,'
'iS
1_
C:
e: n caions
mur;
,'lMirlll'ri
Rrug"l X
:
:
6.95
Rsage2
6.95
48.3
.'.Rati
1l7 :7')
- 48.3
Exercise
Ex: 17.1
le frequency f,,
_ 1kz
Centre frequency
galn:
+(:d,n.n,r*i,
t6'
(b) The frequency of oscillation
tplpt clt'l
: !vzv
L*
VR\'o'* Vr(t
.ft)
Thus.
in-vu
t3
:-5.93 V/V
vo - !(ot
_R, _60
Limier gain - 1 :
":-2 /
-601
30
5.93
-)
|otentiometer
-O.95 +
is
t ground
:\
Zp
;fr:
z,,-lEl',
16
10-9
kz
input and
woring from the utpu back t the
continuing the equations we get
' '
-'scn]
*(n*#i-r.)
10
Ex:17.5
: ('*ft)('=+tJ
:(t*
2 thus the
Rl\
- - * i,)777,
L(s)
-)-s
x17.4
(b)"f":
Ex:17.3
peak is
from symmetry, we see that the negative
peakoutput
Thus the
*1 ; the positie peak'
t-peak oltage is 2l '36 V
-R,li R.
: __'
2u,, *
=+V: 1'68v
1:2.91
(a)
vb+15
Vo:
-F
the
R.'
:-15]-(t-J)
'
yb-(-5)
Vn-Vu
Rl
+5'93V
?6
the cuents
rent through D, in cmparisn with
that
find
we
Ro
and
R'
through
L :'v*&,-v,(-ft,)
kz
drop (0'7 V)
voltage at nde b will be one diode
1/3 ofV'l thus
is
about
which
V,
vItage
uiouJ,n"
neglect the curv b -- 0.'7 + i, / 3. Now if we
:''(;)+(r+J)
:5+0.93:
is (10s/16) rad/s
peak
(c) Refer t fig. 17.5. t the positine
x:.l7'2
17_'
v t
Vo ,
SCR,R
(Yr* Yn )
\ R, scRrR
'sCR
3.03
:--------1
3+scR*3i
:
where R : 1 k and C
..
y'
l6 nF
Thus
L(s)
3'03
.*,
lo-s +
---l---.Sy !6x l0 =
by settlng
The closed loop poles are tbund
f s' satifiying
alues
the
are
itl"y
ir,
ut
iirl = tt
',
x
3 +.s
r J/\
-'
16
10-s +
---J-5116x1
303
-Vo _ l(Vo,
sCR/
r\
Y, )-
scrR'l
.tc
u": #,(r',#)
_ vo,- l
scR *' '-*)]
s-cnrl', scn'=L
:#,.#*#)
Exercise 17-2
v"/ R
Ex:17.8
$
\-Vo.Yo *s
&
[rk
v,:vorh#:r"(, .F;)
r*(rt.,*r&-r)]
4*
{;*.v'"k*h:'
*r'u.-k('-#")
]ffi'? s_c,
- jCR1
:'
-('-#)
a the
m{
b
value of ) that
rmber.
t,airred
s',rc(.-
from
*sL*,:n
R
lm;;S, t6 1-9X 10X
103
tz
fosm- the magnitude
Substiting S
*)-
S21L,C + L2C)
: j
1l-2C1Lr+Lr)l+jal
',t,, :
l - G'- *),
R:OO:q...
JC(Lt +
I,:01g^R"t:#
foe f
R.is
_Lr
- 4R -4R
*, C-R:
1
L2)
+ L2
L2
+ 8^R': L/ Lz
g'R)>
_t
L2 Q..D.
x: |7.9
]lOr
= .nk
L1 /
amplitude
: qll
R,ll
: ,I ,||
zxlo3ll
1OoX1O "
:l0l 2|l
C.
1O
xIoJ
1.64k
t,-t.r:40xt.64:65.6
Exercise I 7-3
Cz
x 0.01
65.6
,1
Ex: L7.L3
0.66 F
z CtC,
&),,''c\+c2
O.1
lor2
0.66 X 10
= 100
0.l + .66
Ex: 17.10
from Eq (17.24)
"1
\
2]LC'
a_
sz'o.olzx
10-]2
2.015 Mz
from Eq (11.25)
.1
'P
1-
C"C"
o
'
"^fr;ft-,
2
|.szxa9]
ms=.125 ms
0.02 + 4
F,x:17.14
2.018
Mz
g-&
=9!
Timedelay=
3V
7
2x2.015xrc6x0.52
120
"
55,000
Ex: 17.11
Vll:Vr:ltt
R'
-,: Rr+R2 ,13
R,
R
R2
1.6
16k
comparator with
Ex:17.15
|V-|
l'rl
x17.12
v
r"
- V r,,:
ft,
Possibe chice
00
2
&:10
.06
R2
2Rt
R]
R, :
50 mV
,R,
5Xl0 :10
l'f
5: R'x10
Rr:
levelsof:t12V
10
R2
20 k
: 200 Rr
forR,:1k R2:200k
Rz
Exercise 17-4
,#': #6:
,-
::
'
]^
OO9
l.09
lnr
\I _
v
v
.)
0.09t/
F{
Tt
During
V
12
T2
(2 + V o)e
'/5
'(t1
V:
Voatt:T/2
V: 12-(12+Vo)n-''''
R2
10k
: z."n(12+Vo\
\2-VD)
:
3
0 k
Jt_-1_-;@\5oo
r)
\12-vD)
fltr"":
,.(+#)
_4281z
t
0'c, V :
.7 +.05
0.75 V
500
:
_-lo,
:-- : 3'995 Hz
h(12.7s\
\r1.25 )
t 50'c, Vn : O.7 - o.O5 : 0.65 V
lt
J
/lrr., :
':
r.rg.6s)
\
t 10'c , V
: 4'6ll
1.35/
0.7
- :'ioo,
tnr12.ss)
/l,no".
* O.15
Hz
0.55
5,45l z.
\1r.4sl
Ex:17.18
To obtain a triangular waveform with l0_V peak_
to-peak amplitute we shoud have
V7u:-Vrr:5Y
But/",: -a+R,
R2
Thus
Ru
-5 :
20k
10
-10 x R2
xercise [7-5
For
kz tiequency, T = lms
/2 _
0.O1
R:
.5
gVrn -Vr
1O-3
X 1-6xR 10/10
5k
F.x:11.19
Using Eq (1'.37)
X t
1O0
Rr
0.1
1O-6
R3
-(i#)
x:.17'2|
T _ 0.69C(RA+2R)
X
0.69
103
1_l21Ro
+ 2RB)
1O3
= Ro'l
2RB
- _-_--!0.6q x l0
I
k(l)
14'49
Using Eq (13.45)
x 14.44 :
- (2)+Ra : 3.6l k
(1)
o.75
10.88
(2)
7'27
Jse 7.2
j:
9:
0.1 X
m while ideally
-0.3 m.
V:
514 the
r5-3 -- 2.6m,whileideally
";:
5 1.25
, _ 0.1 x25 : 2.5 m.Thustheerroris
k,
1/
: 7Y
; -!.7
5
_-]
.25
Ex:.17.22
-->
is -0.3 m
(m)
8
Rl
6
- ,u
4
2
--0.1
t:2V,i:0.4mA
Thust,'
:2:
04
For 3V'< v
u
'RrR2 t-
='v
-_]
st
4.6m,whileideally.Thus
kdl
and 3.6
0.6
the error
Rl :
_ 1_
ji
RA+ 2R
R + RB
8V we must hae
6.4 mA'
+0.1 m'
+R"
_-----___
o 75
V (i.e. to obtain
: 8 * 8-3 - 8.7
l25
R: : 1'25 k
t v : 3 V, the circuit provides
o'u
x:. 17.20
6171
l,
i : 1.6 m)
16:!*4--l
5R,
R2 : 1.25 k
for > 7V
. ' 3 _7
-RrR2Rr
Thus,
T
Slope = 1/R,
Exercise 17-6
Thus,
v, :
.5
so
: 0.51 v
l: I v/o: 1v
i : 1 mA, p : .7 V l _ 13
at : -1 V -Thenegativefeedbackloopisnot
aA
7)o
', o
operative.
o:0 : -12
lilr(
u
,s
lr(l i,_r R
1llfl*
h1
-
-'
2.42 V 11
v,l
L5
? / l\
2.s
1 , 2.42\
rt
:'::'
\-,.
x:17.25
)
2,s )
2.42\
2.s )
,-,)R"
__P ./1_2.42
2.5
: -. :: K
l. .?
x 2'42
2.5
-+.,4+94 \/
{.:: ]-_1J
)A
o
R
)o
=1
r"'aIp
, rnv
mv
R
l,il'i
is ideal o
rfor
,o: 10mV
:10
= 1m
z:
> O.
m 10
:0.7V
:)
0.6V 0.5v
: rJ
.1
offand u,
Q.
n summary
o: 0 for ,>0
Un: a for 1<0
x: l7.26
Refer to Fig(17.34)
E^--.U/
l Y.
--,l/.
D, wil1 cnduct and close the negative feedback
oop around the op amp.
0, the current
1t
: -0J
Exercise 1 7-7
R'' Thus
D' off and no curent will flow thrugh
{0-D,on
'
U:0V
For , : -10mV
R,&
R,
:0V
-:.7v
R::
thus be
tive feedback lop of the op amp w:i1l
at the
appear
will
ground
closed and a virtual
The
cutt'
be
D,will
terminal'
inerting input
be
will
D,
Rrand
R,,
through
curent
,,
: o+
10
1]A
Fr ;,
: -l
X 10k :
o,,
--
.5 +
+0.1 V
'1 :
0'6
v,
: - 10 mV
| :lm
':
will be 0.5 V.
lD|
off
l0 m
r kt)
xt1.28
1k
: 0.7 V
1)o_ +lmXlok: l0V
r:10+r,:1g-7
".
,r'
x; L7.21
>0 -
Equivalant Circui
-D,n,D,off
12 0
D1 into the
Current flows from through Rl' R"
goes negatie
results:
and is thus ff. The following circuit
. 15
,.IRR
As z,
r,1
so
goes negative, the above circuit hlds
that ,
0. This ccurs
aS
the 15 V supply
negative '
surces the current even for sma'll
0
This situation remains the case until 1
u0
7l
: -R,
R1
... 15+'l:o
3R R
: -5V
l'1-5-DzoffD,-on
'
Exercise 17-8
' :
b)
with
a1 o
V-
nalsatul: 1 V
o:1V
: \/ 10k :
1 :1*Uo,
= + o.7 o.l
-"
{j:0-R
=,-(ii.#)"
= -r - 5
note U/ :
7l0+
o.7
:. D2:0-Vo<-Drff!
'"'I
o Q-l)
.6V
(c)
: -
O.1
r/
4'3>o
: 10
1 : : 1 m-diodevtages : O.7V
V : o+ Jz : 10 + .7 : 1O.7 V
d)ur:.1
Vs: Vr-fV^
= O. O.7J .tlon[Q2\
"\ /
= 0.63 V
V= _12
<-
0.01m
1= 0 + 0.1
10
=
0.0lm
+ "= 0'o2
ov
V6=_
=.Iv
{.r.na
V'=V+ (
0.1V =
=O.l+O7+l.,/.o
-
,|,o.l,,R
=0.63V
IV
(e)
0.1
vo
ai 1
\B
:g.1
- use circuit
: -vr: 1V
1,:0.1 m
o,:*,=0.2mA
Vr: Vo V= 1+O.7+O.r(Q?)
"\l/
1.63
\,
in (d)
Exercise 17-9
('D
1:
: - 10 V
,,,
0 V
_s
1.m
_ 2mA
V, -
mA
lo _ -al:
Ex: 17.31
Vo I
10.73
"D
be
lO l
O.7 +
O.l logr+)
-\1/
]'x:17.30
't <lc
a x 'l'
.To
R
V" will
be maximum when
peak, i.e.
:
R
2*
Vo is
at its positive
J2 v. t this vale of V, we
btain
Vl+vM+ Vr,*Vo
V: V : 0.7V and
U.' -*
v,,
-
Forlr>0,i.e., _ 1"'
, : -|l'| and
'lJ: _|"_zX |,rl :+|",1
Forr<0'i.e., _ -ll
z _ 0, : -|x - |r||
|,|
UseR _ Rf _ lOk
Thus
V.l,o*
s"lt x o.o5
4.5
o.o8
O.7 + .8 + 0.7 +
lmin
-8.55 V
where
v
_5'D
s.55