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-SIyle
SAC SAC CombusIor & CRF
for Ihe LM6000 LM6000--PC PC
OpIimize HPC 8lddes
dnd vdnes
CF6-80 HP1 RoIor
Use exisIing roIor
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for efficiency
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LM6000-PC Mechdnics of d winner
Levercging its heritcge.+25% Cutput, +18%exhcust energy, 40%eff,
retrofitcble, go the distcnce with 98%cvcilcbility, 99%relicbility
More power . grecter flexibility from c proven solution
1he LM6000 evoluIion conIinues
UIilizing proven, ddvdnced Iechnologies Io deliver gredIer vdlue
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1he idecl solution for your 40 to 55MW needs
SingIe AnnuIcr Cembuster
Dry Lew missiens Cembuster
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
The first engine to test (FETT) exceeded the expected max output of 53.2 MW
(corrected ISO conditions) with 41% efficiency and NO
x
levels at 25 ppm. The
comprehensive validation test then progressed to assessing engine performance
operating on gas fuel only with water injection for NO
x
control added later. Upon
completion of testing with gas and water, the
program switched to operation on
diesel fuel without water, and later with water for NO
x
control. Many of the steps
Conducted on gas fuel were repeated on liquid fuel. Additional engine testing was
completed to validate operability, emissions, and mechanical drive application.
The first production LM6000 PG engine is scheduled to ship February 2010 from
Evendale, Ohio, and will be installed at our launch customer facility located in
California. This launch site will enter commercial operation with the first three
LM6000 PG engines in the second quarter of 2011.
The LM6000 PH, the Dry Low Emissions equivalent of the LM6000 PG, is progressing
as planned in its development cycle and is expected to enter validation testing in
September of 2010. The LM6000 PH is projected to deliver 51 MW (w/ SPRINT) of
output with +42% efficiency, and be capable to achieve NOx levels at 15 ppm.
LMS100 Product Line
The LMS100 merges two proven technologies: frame industrial gas turbines and
aeroderivative gas turbines. This product uses an intercooler package that takes the
flow from the low-pressure compressor and reduces its temperature to increase flow
densityresulting in the most efficient simple-cycle gas turbine at 44% thermal
efficiency, capable of 103 MW output.
Since the introduction of the intercooled LMS100 in 2005, there have been several
energy industry changes in terms of competitive products, system needs, and the
application of this new technology. By the end of 2010, there will be 23 units in various
countries and grid systems in operation, with over 40,000 hours and over 7500 starts
demonstrating the benefits that the hybrid, intercooled gas turbine brings.
2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
12
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
Figure 10. Characteristics of the LMS100.
The most noticeable feature is the off-engine intercooler, illustrated in Figure 11,
which is comprised of the variable bleed valve exhaust system and the horizontal
shell and tube heat exchanger.
The system is sized to receive compressed air from the six-stage low-pressure
compressor, cool it approximately 300F and return it to the high-pressure
compressor resulting in significantly higher power output versus conventional cycles.
Another key benefit of the intercooled system is better hot day performance, as
illustrated in Figure 12. This results in higher simple-cycle efficiency, ten-minute
starts, better part power performance and faster ramp rates.
2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
13
LMSl00 lnIegrdIing proven Iechnologies
l03Mv, 44% efficiency, HedI RdIe 7770 l8Iu/kvh
MS6001fA
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$|ng|e ^nnu|or or
0LL 0LL Combustor
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
Figure 11. LMS100 Power Plant Package.
Figure 12. Hot Day Performance Characteristics
2009 General Electric Company.
All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part , without prior permission of the copyright owner.
14
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New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
Flexible generation is in high demand and, with this industry acceptance, has resulted
in an accelerated fleet maturity plan, illustrated in Figure 13. Early installations are
comprised of peaking, mid-merit and base load applications in North America, South
America and Europe. The first LMS100 entered service July 2006 in South Dakota, US
and, as a result of the successful execution and performance of the first unit , 37
additional units have been ordered to date. The orders represent a wide range of
environmental and market conditions that will further demonstrate the products
capability, ranging from -30F to over 110F. There are several installations where the
gas turbine will be used for primary power as a result of its better efficiency than the
existing older steam turbine units, and its power fit with older combined-cycle plants.
Similarly, for sites located in regions with volatile power supplies, many units will leverage
the fast 10-minute start capability to operate with several start/stop cycles and
accumulate hours without impacting their planned maintenance costs.
Figure 13. LMS100 Fleet Experience.
2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part , without prior permission of the copyright owner.
15
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New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
In accordance with the GE aeroderivative design practice, the LMS100 was
introduced with a single annular combustor equipped with water injection for NO
x
control. In a parallel effort the combustion team continued work on a dry low
emissions system to enable 25 ppmvd NO
x
without water injection. This effort
utilizes the proven aeroderivative multi a
nnular technology and experiences from
GEs other aeroderivative models: the LM1600, LM2500, and LM6000. To date, there
are more than 450 DLE gas turbines in operation around the world that have
accumulated more than 10 million operating hours. Lessons learned from the most
recent developments including enhanced heat shield design and optimized fuel
distribution for improved fuel-air premixing used on the LM6000 PF and LM2500+G4
are being applied to the design of the LMS100.
The LMS100 PB has a higher flow and a higher firing temperature to meet its
performance requirements. It also has been validated similar to previous designs
using the latest advances in computational tools and component testing with a full
annular rig at the GE test facilities in Cincinnati, Ohio. A significant aspect of the test
plan for the LMS100 PB is the ability to confirm the full functionality of a complete
LMS100 power plant in GEs test facility in Houston, Texas. In the Houston test
facility, the unit can be tested at a full range of operating conditions from start-up to
full power. Tests include sudden load changes to validate operability of the entire
combustion system, including flame stability and acoustic signature.
As illustrated in Figure 14, the required component changes from a LMS100 PA
(SAC) to a LMS100 PB (DLE) are rather minimal. The LMS100 PB, as with the other LM
gas turbines with DLE combustors, uses a larger combustor than the SAC model.
This larger combustor provides the volume to properly mix and control the
combustion flame in order to provide the high efficiency and low emissions.
Leveraging the extensive experience of the GE DLE fleet, the LMS100 will utilize a
dual annular premixed combustor, which will simplify the staging process and
reduce the hardware required to meet the performance requirements. The
balance of the package equipment and engine hardware will be identical to the
LMS100 PA and will continue to benefit from experience gained on the LMS100 PA
fleet.
2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part , without prior permission of the copyright owner.
16
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
The LMS100 PB will provide 25 ppm NO
x
without using water as a diluent, reducing
operating costs and the necessary additional permitting required. Additionally, the
LMS100 PB offers customers a solution in this ever-demanding world of meeting
more efficient power requirements while retaining a power industry-best heat rate
and the proven flexibility features of the LMS100 PA.
The LMS100 PBs first engine test will be in summer 2010 and will conclude in the
spring of 2011, and the first production unit is expected to ship by late fall 2011. The
performance testing of the LMS100 PB power plant is expected to provide a similar
level of performance as the LMS100 PA without water injection.
Figure 14. LMS100 Combustion Enhancements.
2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner..
17
LMSl00 PA lSAC Io P8 lDL
minimdl hdrdwdre chdnges.
fueI cnd cembustien system chcnges incIude.
-CRF lPre-diffuser sdme ds LM6000PD
-CombusIor & Premixers
-ConIrols & Fuel SysIem
-HP SIdgel Nozzle Cooling
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
V. Conclusion
As renewable energy becomes a greater part of power generation portfolios
across the globe, the need for back-up power generation capacity is required
to balance the variability of wind and solar power, and to ensure the stability
of the electric grid system. The LM6000 and LMS100 aeroderivative gas turbine
technology have the required capabilities to sustain grid stability and provide
additional peaking power, in a cost effective manner given the key attributes
listed below:
Increased Cycling Capability
Ten minutes to full load (with a five minute fast load option) faster reaction
to grid demands
Pro-boost spinning reserve to balance system frequency
High part load efficiency ~40% efficient @ 50% load
Low turn down ideal for load following
More Power, High Efficiency
LMS-100 most efficient 100 MW block size
LM6000 PG/PH +50 MW best in class heritage
ARCTIC high efficiency inlet chilling more output , higher efficiency
Repower CDP steam use excess steam for more power ~3 MW
Operational Flexibility
Variable SPRINT reduce water consumption
Fast load response for grid stability and islanding
Enhanced start-up reliability
2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
18
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
List of Figures
Figure 1. System dynamics driving higher peak demand.
Figure 2. Renewable energy demands flexibility.
Figure 3. LM6000 (left) and LMS-100 (right) Gas Turbines.
Figure 4. Fast Start Fast Load steps in five minutes.
Figure 5. Pro-active power boost
Figure 6. Various inlet chilling systems performance against ambient temperature.
Figure 7. Variable SPRINT power curve.
Figure 8. The evolution of the LM6000 Gas Turbine.
Figure 9. Characteristics of the new LM6000-PG.
Figure 10. Characteristics of the LMS100.
Figure 11. LMS100 Power Plant Package.
Figure 12. Hot Day Performance Characteristics.
Figure 13. LMS100 Fleet Experience.
Figure 14. LMS100 Combustion Enhancements.
External References
1. Vassar, Ramona, Wind Power Integrates with Natural Gas Plant
at Emporia Energy Center Peaking Facility, RMEL Electric Energy,
Fall 2009.
2. Walker, Tom LMS100 Advancements in Flexible Power Generation and
Market Applications, PowerGen Europe 2009.
2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
19
2009, General Electric Company. All rights reserved. CS02462-12 (10/09)