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GE Energy

New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine


Solutions for Firming the Grid


August 2010
(Rev-2)










Daniel Loero
Aero Energy Marketing Manager




2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.




Contents


I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

II. The Need to Firm the Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .1

III. Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 3

GEs Aeroderivative Technology, the Right Fit for Grid Stability by Design . . 5
Increased Cycling Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
Increasing Power Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Added Operational Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

IV. Aeroderivative Product Lines Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. 9
LM6000 Product Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
LMS100 Product Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12

V. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

External References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19





























2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.

New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid


I. Introduction
As wind and solar energy is used for power generation around the world, the
inherent variability of renewable energy sources introduces another factor that
affects the operation and stability of the electrical distribution network. Back-up
power generation capacity is required to compensate for this variability to ensure
the electrical distribution grid remains stable. Aeroderivative gas turbine technology
has the required operational characteristics/capability to sustain grid stability.
Aeroderivative Gas Turbines (ADGT) are considered among the highest efficiency
simple-cycle applications, with a much lower investment cost per kW than
renewable energy. Other key attributes that make ADGT the ideal solution to firm
the grid include: full load generation in minutes, the ability to chase the demand
load with ramp rates of up to 50 megawatts per minute, and start/stop capability
as needed without additional maintenance.


II. The Need to Firm the Grid
Despite the ongoing global financial recession, global demand for electricity is still
growing and is expected to accelerate as the global economy recovers, according
to market indicators. The demand for renewable energy sources has been growing
at a fast pace over the past few years. This surge in demand for wind and solar
energy has been driven by various factors. These include government financial
incentives to curb green house emissions from fossil plants, and the volatility in
fossil fuel pricing. Wind and solar power typically have lower utilization because of
the variability in the weather as it relates to wind speeds, cloud coverage, and time
of day among other factors. In areas with large installed renewable capacity, such
as in the state of Texas, often unpredictable changes can create significant grid
stability problems that can induce blackouts in the most severe cases.
Transmission and distribution operators need to control the output of generators
to cope with the electricity demand on a daily basis. These generators are often
used to regulate the frequency, chase the load, and act as a spinning reserve. Grid
operators forecast the demand one day ahead to meet the expected base load
and peak demands. The addition of wind to the system adds a dynamic, which
requires higher peak demand, as illustrated in Figure 1.


2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
1

1


New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid

































Figure 1. System dynamics driving higher peak demand


















Figure 2. Renewable energy demands flexibility.

2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.

2
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Renewdble energy demdnds flexibiliIy
400 Wind - 100 LMS
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NW Miller 2/7/2007 Energy Consulting
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid

Electricity production from renewable sources suffers from variability due to weather
conditions that are not controllable. If the wind picks up too much speed (typically
greater than 55 mph), it is likely the wind turbines will suddenly have to cease
operation to avoid damage caused by over speed. In this situation, the grid
depends on spinning capacity that can take over the demand load
instantaneously. Conversely, if the wind speed drops below rated capability, the
spinning reserve will have to cover the demand gap. Wind capacity factors typically
can range from 25-30% and the true economic value of wind-generated electricity
depends on how much of it is used by the grid operator to match demand.


III. Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions
One great example of integrating wind power with aeroderivative gas turbines can be
found within Westar Energy. Recognizing the importance and impact of wind energy,
they launched the largest wind program in Kansas. The program consists of three wind
farms of 100 megawatts each and has another 500 megawatts under evaluation.
Their position on grid system stability and the ability to meet that demand load is that
where wind energy works best is when it is matched with a controllable peaking
power source, like natural gas turbines, which can be ramped up or down to respond
to the vicissitudes of nature (Ref. 1). In support of their wind power generation, Westar
had Black & Veatch design and build their newest peaking power plant, Emporia
Energy Center. The plant is a 665 MW natural gas power plant that recently came on
line in two phases. Phase ones 345 MW came on line in 2008, and phase twos 320
MW came on line in early 2009. The plant consists of seven gas turbines, including
four LM6000* that account for 180 MW of peaking, fast ramp-up power.

GEs Aeroderivative Technology, the Right Fit for Grid Stability by Design
With the growing demand and fast-paced installation of wind energy, aeroderivative
gas turbine technology has the capability to firm the stability of the grid as back-up
capacity and for peak power needs. With its inherent capability from the aviation
engines they are derived from, the LM6000 and LMS100* gas turbine engines can reach
full power, +50 MW and +100 MW respectively, in ten minutes with planned
enhancements to reach full power in five minutes in early 2010.

2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
3

New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
These gas turbines, known for their highest fuel efficiency of greater than 42% in
simple cycle, have the ability to cycle (start and shut down) multiple times per day
without incurring additional maintenance needs. With a high part load efficiency and
the unique ability to ramp up or down at 50 MW per minute, the operator has the
flexibility to chase the required demand load within seconds. This rapid response
capability can allow the supply of stable electrical power to the local grid in island
mode in case of failure of the base load supply.














Figure 3. LM6000 (left) and LMS100 (right) Gas Turbines.

The multi-shaft design gives the gas turbine the exceptional means to hold power
loads during frequency variation. The LM6000 and LMS100 gas turbines are
packaged in modules, giving them a relatively small footprintmaking them ideal for
proper power distribution across the grid and get closer to the demand load centers.
Fuel flexibility is another key benefit that gives the operator the flexibility to accept
a wide range of liquid and gas fuels. Operators of these gas turbines often opt to
leverage the high exhaust energy, in the form of heat, and use it for steam
cogeneration or for district heating applications; hence increasing the overall plant
net efficiency.
The following are technology enhancements that will further enhance the capability
of the LM6000 and LMS100 gas turbines to firm the grid system.

*LM6000 and *LMS100 are trademarks of the General Electric Company.



2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
4
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid


Increased Cycling Capability
With the inherent capability from the aviation jet engines to respond at a moments
notice to produce the power required, the new fast start fast load will be at five
minutes, meaning the operator will be able to start the gas turbine from zero speed
to full power in just five minutes. Figure 4 depicts the basics of the fast start and fast
load process.
Proactive power boost, also known as pro-boost, will provide a spinning reserve,
enabling a short-term control limit bump of an additional 2 MW power above
normal control limits for a short duration see figure 5. This is a controls approach to
what has been a mechanical solution with higher inertia equipment. This approach
enables ADGTs to serve grid power demands and balance grid frequency, in case
of a system disruption.
































Figure 4. Fast Start/Fast Load steps in five minutes.










2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
5
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New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid















Figure 5. Proactive power boost .

Increasing Power Capability
In warm climate conditions, mechanical chillers are used to chill the inlet air to
optimal inlet air temperature of 48F for a LM6000. A mechanical chiller requires
anywhere from 1.3 to 2.0 megawatts of parasitic load for chilling operations.

The Absorption Refrigerant Cycle Turbine Inlet Chilling (ARCTIC) ammonia absorption
process works differently. ARCTIC uses the waste heat generated by the LM6000 to
do much of the work required for inlet chilling. This effective use of the waste heat
allows the ammonia absorption technology to produce over 2100 tons of chilling at
48F and avoids the parasitic load penalties associated with other types of inlet
chillers.

*LM6000 and *LMS100 are trademarks of the General Electric Company.


2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
6
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New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
The benefits of the ARCTIC system increase due to the chilled inlet airthere is an
additional +1.7 MW and +1.5% heat rate improvement over mechanical chillersin
addition to heating inlet air in colder ambient for anti-icing capability. The first unit will
go into operation in late October 2009, and has an expected availability of greater
than 95%.





























Figure 6. Various inlet chilling systems performance against ambient temperature

The Steam Injection Steam Turbine (STIG) incorporates steam injection up to 50,000
lbs/hr in addition to the 30,000 lbs/hr that is approved currently for NO
x
suppression.
STIG provides customers who have excess steam and value increased power
and/or improved heat rate to utilize the existing BOP and turbine generator set
without adding additional steam turbine capacity. Typically, incremental
performance improvement ranges from 3% to 5%.











2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
7

New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid


Added Operational Flexibility
The S6 Software upgrade (applicable to the LM6000) includes 25 software
improvements focused on SPRINT* and NO
x
water optimization (reduced chance
of water in the turbine lube oil) that expand operating ranges on PS3, T2, and T3,
and improve trip reduction. Benefits of integrated NO
x
water and SPRINT tables
include NO
x
water active during fuel transfers and SPRINT water flow independent
from fuel flow.
The S6 Software upgrade introduces variable SPRINT water flows at lower power
settings to better accommodate load following or decreased power demands
while also improving water consumption in base load operations. This brings the
customer an important amount of savings in water consumption. The software
upgrade enhances start-up reliability addressing past experience with flame
detector faults.
GE offers standard LM6000 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) to allow moderated
control over exhaust fan motors, which will allow staged ramp up and down,
reducing stress on associated fan drive belts and reducing overall airflow in the


























Figure 7. Variable SPRINT curve.


*SPRINT is a trademark of the General Electric Company.



2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
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8
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid


initial start-up sequences. This is critical for some customers, as the current
configuration of turbine exhaust fan controls not using VFD only allow 100% on or
off. In extremely cold temperatures, the automatic maximum airflow that incurs
through exhaust fan activation causes the internal instrumentation of the package
to freeze due to the high volume of cold air circulating.

The VFD operating parameters can be set at the customer site, allowing from 10%
to 100% capability depending on ambient temperature, reducing airflow through
turbine enclosure to customers preference.

Key benefits introduced by VFD fans include reduced parasitic loads, improved cold
weather starting reliability, and improved package maintainability by reducing
potential for breaking fan belts.

IV. Aeroderivative Product Lines Update
LM6000 Product Line
The LM6000 aeroderivative gas turbine was introduced in the early 1990s derived
from the CF6-80C2 aircraft engine, which is the most widely accepted engine flying
in the popular Boeing 767 and 747 wide body aircraft . Today, there are over 3,780
CF6-80C2 units flying around the world with more than 168 million hours of
experience.

Since its introduction, the LM6000 gas turbine has established itself with more than
960 uni ts ordered and more than 19.9 million operational hours at a reliability
greater than 99.8%. This makes the LM6000 the most popular choice for the power
generation needs between 35 MW to 60 MW.

Current production models of the LM6000 include the PC and PF. The PC model type is
a 42 MW with a standard combustion system that can use liquid and gas fuels and is
capable of 25 ppm NO
x
emissions. The LM6000 PF is the highest efficiency
gas
turbine in its class at 41% and includes Dry Low Emissions (DLE) technology that can
guarantee NO
x
emissions at 15 ppm.
2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
9

New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
This enables lower fuel consumption per unit of power output than competitive
technologies, yielding fuel cost savings and NO
x
and CO
2
reductions for turbine
operators. High fuel efficiency and DLE technology has significant environmental
benefits. For example, in a 60 Hz segment, when you compare the LM6000 PF to a
simple-cycle gas turbine in the 35 MW to 60 MW range with 35% efficiency operating
at 25 ppm NO
x
, GEs LM6000 PF:

Avoids 15,000 metric tons of CO
2
emissions over the course of a 3,000-hour
peaking season while producing the same electricity output, which is equivalent to
the annual CO
2
emissions of more than 2,800 cars on U.S. roads.
Reduce natural gas consumption by more than 264,000 MMBtu, equivalent to the
amount of natural gas consumed annually by more than 3,700 U.S. households,
which can yield an annual fuel cost savings of $1.58 million at $6 per MMBtu.
Reduce NO
x
emissions by 815,000 pounds by operating at 15 ppm NO
x
,
which is equivalent to the annual NO
x
emissions of 21,000 cars on U.S. roads.
Eliminates the use of water by incorporating DLE technology while lowering
emissions of NO
x
to 15 ppm and CO to 25 ppm, unlike the typical 60 Hz, simple-cycle
turbine in this range, which uses water as a diluent. This can avoid annual water
consumption of 9.9 million gallons, and can yield $100,000 per year in operational
savings and eliminate the need to purchase a water treatment system.

Currently in development testing is the next generation LM6000, namely the PG and
PH model type. These will offer a 25% simple-cycle power increase and an 18%
boost in exhaust energy for cogeneration applications. The LM6000 PG and LM6000
PH will provide combined-cycle power in the range of 65 megawatts with efficiencies
ranging from 52% to more than 55%, depending on selected emissions control
methods. The power increase comes from the same 4.5m X 21.5m package
footprint as existing 50 Hz LM6000 technology, yielding a power density improvement
of nearly 20%.




2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
10


New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
















Figure 8. The evolution of the LM6000 Gas Turbine.





























Figure 9. Characteristics of the new LM6000 PG.

2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
11
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June 20, 20l0 20l0 CL Propr|etory ond copyr|ghted |normot|on subject to restr|ct|ons on cover poge
LMSl00

-SIyle
SAC SAC CombusIor & CRF
for Ihe LM6000 LM6000--PC PC
OpIimize HPC 8lddes
dnd vdnes
CF6-80 HP1 RoIor
Use exisIing roIor
LP1 dirfoils opIimized
for efficiency
xisIing LPC
3930 RPM
LP ShdfI
MdIeridl dndSpline
lmprovemenIs for higher
Iorque cdpdbiliIy
LM6000-PC Mechdnics of d winner
Levercging its heritcge.+25% Cutput, +18%exhcust energy, 40%eff,
retrofitcble, go the distcnce with 98%cvcilcbility, 99%relicbility
More power . grecter flexibility from c proven solution
1he LM6000 evoluIion conIinues
UIilizing proven, ddvdnced Iechnologies Io deliver gredIer vdlue
35
40
45
50
55
60
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RPC Sprint

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->42% fficiencies
-Dry Low missions
-Dudl Fuel DL
->97% AvdildbiliIy
-Pf Sprint

15ppm
-PC
-PR
Cf6-801
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1he idecl solution for your 40 to 55MW needs
SingIe AnnuIcr Cembuster
Dry Lew missiens Cembuster
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid


The first engine to test (FETT) exceeded the expected max output of 53.2 MW
(corrected ISO conditions) with 41% efficiency and NO
x
levels at 25 ppm. The
comprehensive validation test then progressed to assessing engine performance
operating on gas fuel only with water injection for NO
x
control added later. Upon
completion of testing with gas and water, the
program switched to operation on
diesel fuel without water, and later with water for NO
x
control. Many of the steps

Conducted on gas fuel were repeated on liquid fuel. Additional engine testing was
completed to validate operability, emissions, and mechanical drive application.

The first production LM6000 PG engine is scheduled to ship February 2010 from
Evendale, Ohio, and will be installed at our launch customer facility located in
California. This launch site will enter commercial operation with the first three
LM6000 PG engines in the second quarter of 2011.

The LM6000 PH, the Dry Low Emissions equivalent of the LM6000 PG, is progressing
as planned in its development cycle and is expected to enter validation testing in
September of 2010. The LM6000 PH is projected to deliver 51 MW (w/ SPRINT) of
output with +42% efficiency, and be capable to achieve NOx levels at 15 ppm.

LMS100 Product Line
The LMS100 merges two proven technologies: frame industrial gas turbines and
aeroderivative gas turbines. This product uses an intercooler package that takes the
flow from the low-pressure compressor and reduces its temperature to increase flow
densityresulting in the most efficient simple-cycle gas turbine at 44% thermal
efficiency, capable of 103 MW output.

Since the introduction of the intercooled LMS100 in 2005, there have been several
energy industry changes in terms of competitive products, system needs, and the
application of this new technology. By the end of 2010, there will be 23 units in various
countries and grid systems in operation, with over 40,000 hours and over 7500 starts
demonstrating the benefits that the hybrid, intercooled gas turbine brings.

2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
12


New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
















Figure 10. Characteristics of the LMS100.


The most noticeable feature is the off-engine intercooler, illustrated in Figure 11,
which is comprised of the variable bleed valve exhaust system and the horizontal
shell and tube heat exchanger.

The system is sized to receive compressed air from the six-stage low-pressure
compressor, cool it approximately 300F and return it to the high-pressure
compressor resulting in significantly higher power output versus conventional cycles.
Another key benefit of the intercooled system is better hot day performance, as
illustrated in Figure 12. This results in higher simple-cycle efficiency, ten-minute
starts, better part power performance and faster ramp rates.




2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
13
LMSl00 lnIegrdIing proven Iechnologies
l03Mv, 44% efficiency, HedI RdIe 7770 l8Iu/kvh
MS6001fA
Low Pressure
Compressor |LPCl
Aeroderivctive
lntermed|ote Pressure
Turb|ne |lPTl
frcme derivctive
Lxhoust 0|user
Aeroderivctive
Power Turb|ne |LPTl
frcme derivctive
Power Turb|ne $hot
T
o
f
r
o
m
Intercooler
System
Cf6-80C2
|gh Pressure
Compressor |PCl
Cf6-80
|gh Pressure
Turb|ne |PTl
Aeroderivctive
$|ng|e ^nnu|or or
0LL 0LL Combustor


New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid
























Figure 11. LMS100 Power Plant Package.













Figure 12. Hot Day Performance Characteristics
2009 General Electric Company.
All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part , without prior permission of the copyright owner.
14
Air inleI FilIer
Auxilidry
skid
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New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid

Flexible generation is in high demand and, with this industry acceptance, has resulted
in an accelerated fleet maturity plan, illustrated in Figure 13. Early installations are
comprised of peaking, mid-merit and base load applications in North America, South
America and Europe. The first LMS100 entered service July 2006 in South Dakota, US
and, as a result of the successful execution and performance of the first unit , 37
additional units have been ordered to date. The orders represent a wide range of
environmental and market conditions that will further demonstrate the products
capability, ranging from -30F to over 110F. There are several installations where the
gas turbine will be used for primary power as a result of its better efficiency than the
existing older steam turbine units, and its power fit with older combined-cycle plants.
Similarly, for sites located in regions with volatile power supplies, many units will leverage
the fast 10-minute start capability to operate with several start/stop cycles and
accumulate hours without impacting their planned maintenance costs.














Figure 13. LMS100 Fleet Experience.



2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part , without prior permission of the copyright owner.
15
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New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid


In accordance with the GE aeroderivative design practice, the LMS100 was
introduced with a single annular combustor equipped with water injection for NO
x
control. In a parallel effort the combustion team continued work on a dry low
emissions system to enable 25 ppmvd NO
x
without water injection. This effort
utilizes the proven aeroderivative multi a
nnular technology and experiences from
GEs other aeroderivative models: the LM1600, LM2500, and LM6000. To date, there
are more than 450 DLE gas turbines in operation around the world that have
accumulated more than 10 million operating hours. Lessons learned from the most
recent developments including enhanced heat shield design and optimized fuel
distribution for improved fuel-air premixing used on the LM6000 PF and LM2500+G4
are being applied to the design of the LMS100.

The LMS100 PB has a higher flow and a higher firing temperature to meet its
performance requirements. It also has been validated similar to previous designs
using the latest advances in computational tools and component testing with a full
annular rig at the GE test facilities in Cincinnati, Ohio. A significant aspect of the test
plan for the LMS100 PB is the ability to confirm the full functionality of a complete
LMS100 power plant in GEs test facility in Houston, Texas. In the Houston test
facility, the unit can be tested at a full range of operating conditions from start-up to
full power. Tests include sudden load changes to validate operability of the entire
combustion system, including flame stability and acoustic signature.

As illustrated in Figure 14, the required component changes from a LMS100 PA
(SAC) to a LMS100 PB (DLE) are rather minimal. The LMS100 PB, as with the other LM
gas turbines with DLE combustors, uses a larger combustor than the SAC model.
This larger combustor provides the volume to properly mix and control the
combustion flame in order to provide the high efficiency and low emissions.
Leveraging the extensive experience of the GE DLE fleet, the LMS100 will utilize a
dual annular premixed combustor, which will simplify the staging process and
reduce the hardware required to meet the performance requirements. The
balance of the package equipment and engine hardware will be identical to the
LMS100 PA and will continue to benefit from experience gained on the LMS100 PA
fleet.

2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part , without prior permission of the copyright owner.
16

New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid

The LMS100 PB will provide 25 ppm NO
x
without using water as a diluent, reducing
operating costs and the necessary additional permitting required. Additionally, the
LMS100 PB offers customers a solution in this ever-demanding world of meeting
more efficient power requirements while retaining a power industry-best heat rate
and the proven flexibility features of the LMS100 PA.

The LMS100 PBs first engine test will be in summer 2010 and will conclude in the
spring of 2011, and the first production unit is expected to ship by late fall 2011. The
performance testing of the LMS100 PB power plant is expected to provide a similar
level of performance as the LMS100 PA without water injection.























Figure 14. LMS100 Combustion Enhancements.








2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner..
17
LMSl00 PA lSAC Io P8 lDL
minimdl hdrdwdre chdnges.
fueI cnd cembustien system chcnges incIude.
-CRF lPre-diffuser sdme ds LM6000PD
-CombusIor & Premixers
-ConIrols & Fuel SysIem
-HP SIdgel Nozzle Cooling
New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid


V. Conclusion
As renewable energy becomes a greater part of power generation portfolios
across the globe, the need for back-up power generation capacity is required
to balance the variability of wind and solar power, and to ensure the stability
of the electric grid system. The LM6000 and LMS100 aeroderivative gas turbine
technology have the required capabilities to sustain grid stability and provide
additional peaking power, in a cost effective manner given the key attributes
listed below:

Increased Cycling Capability
Ten minutes to full load (with a five minute fast load option) faster reaction
to grid demands

Pro-boost spinning reserve to balance system frequency

High part load efficiency ~40% efficient @ 50% load

Low turn down ideal for load following

More Power, High Efficiency
LMS-100 most efficient 100 MW block size

LM6000 PG/PH +50 MW best in class heritage

ARCTIC high efficiency inlet chilling more output , higher efficiency

Repower CDP steam use excess steam for more power ~3 MW

Operational Flexibility
Variable SPRINT reduce water consumption

Fast load response for grid stability and islanding

Enhanced start-up reliability









2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
18

New Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Solutions for Firming the Grid


List of Figures

Figure 1. System dynamics driving higher peak demand.
Figure 2. Renewable energy demands flexibility.
Figure 3. LM6000 (left) and LMS-100 (right) Gas Turbines.
Figure 4. Fast Start Fast Load steps in five minutes.
Figure 5. Pro-active power boost
Figure 6. Various inlet chilling systems performance against ambient temperature.
Figure 7. Variable SPRINT power curve.

Figure 8. The evolution of the LM6000 Gas Turbine.
Figure 9. Characteristics of the new LM6000-PG.
Figure 10. Characteristics of the LMS100.
Figure 11. LMS100 Power Plant Package.

Figure 12. Hot Day Performance Characteristics.

Figure 13. LMS100 Fleet Experience.

Figure 14. LMS100 Combustion Enhancements.


External References
1. Vassar, Ramona, Wind Power Integrates with Natural Gas Plant
at Emporia Energy Center Peaking Facility, RMEL Electric Energy,
Fall 2009.

2. Walker, Tom LMS100 Advancements in Flexible Power Generation and
Market Applications, PowerGen Europe 2009.









2009 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.
This material not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.

19

























































2009, General Electric Company. All rights reserved. CS02462-12 (10/09)

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