1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My Sincere thanks to Prof Sandeep Kelkar for his guidance, insights during key
stages of the project and extending his support during the entire project lifecycle.

This may sound silly, but I would like to thank Google for the search product and also
ebook like big data in IBM which is tremendously effective to give access to the
books and corners in the internet over a vast sea of information.



Place : Mumbai
Date: September 30, 2013 Prasad Bhoja Amin















2

INDEX

Sr. No. Table of Contents Page No.
1 Introduction 1-33
2 Executive Summary 34
3 Design of Survey 35-39
4 Data Collection Summary 40
5 Data Analysis 41-48
6 Interfaces / Key Findings 49-50
7 Conclusions 51
8 Suggestions 52-56
9 Bibliography 57
10 SPSS Tool, Analysis.Digram& PIE
Chart (OUTPUT)
58-96















3

Table of contents

Content Page No.

1.0 What is big data? 2
1.1 The Importance of Big Data and What You Can Accomplish 3
1.2 1.3 Big Data has three characteristic 3
1.3 Why big data is important it is shown in diagram? 4
1.5 Big data steps, vendors and technology landscape 4
1.6 Operational Definitions
1.6.1 Data Scientist 4
1.6.2 Massive Parallel Processing 4
1.6.3 In Memory analytics 4
1.6.4 Redundant Array of Independent Disk (RAID) 4
1.6.5 What business problems are being targeted? 5
1.6.6 Structured , Semi-Structured & Unstructured Data 8
2.0 Big Data Infrastructure 9
2.1.1 Why Raid fail at scale 9
2.1.2 Scale up v/s scale out NAS 10
2.1.3 EMC ISILON 11
2.2 Apache Hadoop 13
2.2.1 Data Appliances 15
2.2.2 HP Vertica 15
2.2.3 Terradata Aster 17
3.0 Domain Wise Challenges in big data Era
3.1 Log Management 17
3.2 Data Integrity & Reliability in the big data era 18
3.3 Backup Management in bid data era 20
3.4 Database Management in big data era 22
4.0 Big Data Use Cases:
4.1 Potential use Cases 24
4.2 Big Data Actual Use Cases 26
4.3 In IBM Big Data used for 32


4


INTRODUCTION
The internet has grown tremendously in the last decade, from 304 million users in
March 2000 to 2280 million users in March 2012 according to internet worlds stats.
Worldwide information is more than doubling every two years , with 1.8 zettabytes or
1.8 trillion gigabytes projected to be created and replicated in 2011 according to the
study conducted by research firm IDC.

A buzzword,or catch phrase, used to describe a massive volume of both structured
and unstructured data that is so large that is difficult to process with traditional
database and software techniques is Big Data. An example of big data might be
perabytes(1,024 terabytes) or exabytes (1,024 petabytes) and zettabytes of data
consisting of billions to trillions of records of million of people

All from different sources (e.g blogs,social media,email,sensors,RFID readers ,
photographs,videos, microphones,mobile data and so on). The data is typically loosely
structured data that is often incomplete and inaccessible. When dealing with larger
datasets, organizations face difficulties in being able to create, manipulate , and
manage Big Data. Scientists regularly encounter this problem in meteorology,
Genomics, connectomics, complex physics simulations ,biological and environmental
research, internet search , finance and business informatics. Big data is particularly a
problem in business analytics because standard tools and procedures are not designed
to search and analyze massive datasets. While the term may seem to reference the
volume of data , that isnt always the case. The term Big data, especially when used
5

by vendors, refer to the technology(the tools and processes) that an organization
requires to handle the large amounts of data and storage facilities.
Over a distributed storage system
Hadoop used to process unstructured and semistructured big data uses the map
paradigm to locate all relevant data then select only the data directly answering the
query.NoSQL,MongoDB and TerraStore process structured big data. Nosql data is
characterized by being basically available,soft state (changeable), and eventually
consistent .MongoDB and Terrastore are both no sql-related products used for
document orient applications .The advent of the age of big data poses opportunities
and challenges for businesses.Previously unavailable forms of data can now
besavved,retrieved and processed . However, change to hardware ,software , and data
processing techniques are necessary to employ this new paradigm.

1.1 What is big data ?
Big data is a popular term used to describe the exponential growth and availability of
data, both structured and unstructured. And big data may be as important to business
and society as the Internet has become. Why? More data may lead to more accurate
analysis. More accurate analysis may lead to more confident decision making. And
better decisions can mean greater operational efficiencies, cost reductions and reduced
risk.
Data Growth Curve :- Terabytes Petabytes
Exabyteszettabytesyottabytesbronotobytes-geopbytes . it getting more
interesting.
6

Analytical Infrastucturecurve :- Databases datamartsoperational data stores(ods)
enterprise data warehouses data appliances in-memory appliances no sql
databases hadoop clusters

1.2 The Importance of Big Data and What You Can Accomplish
The real issue is not that you are acquiring large amounts of data. It's what you do
with the data that counts. The hopeful vision is that organizations will be able to take
data from any source, harness relevant data and analyze it to find answers that enable
1) cost reductions, 2) time reductions, 3) new product development and optimized
offerings, and 4) smarter business decision making. For instance, by combining big
data and high-powered analytics, it is possible to:

1.3 Big Data has three characteristic
1. Velocity 2. Volume 3. Variety

Figure 1.1 Characteristics of Big Data









VELOCITY {Batch
Processing -->
Video Streaming}
VOLUME {ZettaByte to
TeraByte}
VARIETY
{Structure -->
Unstructure}

7

Source: IBM, Hadoops



1.4 Why big data is important it is shown in diagram?
For .e.g if you see in IBM BIG insight having a log analysis for performance
optimizer. Log is a volume,it can be formed in semistructure or row format. When
there is a up gradation in any organization for e.g we can say upgrading the operating
system or database or migration that time log also change the format sometimes.

We having another example why big data is important for e.g we can say any public
sector and private sector bank having big data when customer come to the bank ,or
customer having daily transaction in debit card and credit card . when transaction goes
on log file has been generated . In online transaction each day log file having more
than 5 terabytes. It is day to day log generated .we cant do delete logfile because it is
more useful in organization.

1.5 Big data steps, vendors and technology landscape
1. Data Acquisition
Data is collected from the data sources and distributed across multiple nodes often a
grid each of which processes a subset of data in parallel.
Here we have technological provier like IBM ,HP etc and data providers like reuters,
saleforce etc and social network websites like facebook,google +,LinkedIn etc..
2. Marshallling
8

In This domain , we have very large data warehousing and BI appliances,actors like
action ,emc2(greenplum),hp(vertica),IBM (netezza) etc.
3. Analytics
In this phase ,we have the predictive technologies (suach as data mining )and vendors
which are adobe ,emc2,good data ,hadoop map reduce etc..
4. Action
Includes all the data acquisition providers plus the ERP ,CRM, and BPM actors
including adobe,eloqua ,emc2 etc.both in analytical and action phases , BI tools
vendors are good data ,google, hp (autonomy),IBM (cognos suite)etc.
5. Data Governance
An efficient master data management solution. As defined ,data governance applies
to each of the six preceding stages of big data dlivery.By establishing process and
guiding principles it sanctions behaviors around data delivery.By establishing
processes and guiding principles it sanctions behaviours around data. In short data
governance means that the application of big data is useful and relevant. Its an
insurance policy that the right questions are being asked.so we wont be squandering
the immense powe of new big data technologies that make processing storage and
delivery speed more cost effective and nimble than ever.

1.6 Operational Definitions
1.6.1 Data Scientist
A data scientist represents an evolution from the business or data analyst role. Data
scientists also known as data analysts are professionals with core statistics or
mathematics background coupled with good knowledge in analytics and data software
tools. AMckinsey study on big data states indiawil need nearly ,100,000 data
9

scientists in the next few years.A data Scientists is a fairly new role defined by
Hillary mason of big as someone who can obtain ,srub, explore,model and interpret
data, blending hacking, statistics and machine learning who culls information from
data. These data scientists take a blend of the hackers arts, statistics and machine
learning and apply their expertise in mathematics and understanding the domain of the
data where the data originated to process the data into useful information . This
require the ability to make creative ecisions about the data and the information created
and maintaining a perspective that goes beyond ordinary scientific boundaries.

1.6.2 Massive Parallel Processing (MPP)
Mpp is the coordinated processing of a program by multiple processors that work on
different parts of the program, with each processor using its own operating system and
memory. An MPP system is considered better than a symmetrically parallel
system(SMP) for applications that allow a number of databases to be searched in
parallel. These include decision support system and data warehouse applications.

1.6.3 In memory analytics
The key difference between conventional BI tools and in memory products is that the
former query data on disk while the latter query data in random access
memory(RAM).When a user runs a query against a typical data warehouse, the query
normally goes to a database that reads the information from multiple tables stored on
a servers shared Itdisk. With a serverbased inmemory database,all information is
initially loaded into memory. Users than query and interact with the data load into the
machines memory.

10

1.6.4 Redundant Array of Independent Disk (RAID)
RAID is short for redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) disks.It is a
category of disk drives that employ two or more drives in combination for fault
tolerance and performance. RAID disk drives are used frequently on servers but aren't
generally necessary for personal computers. RAID allows you to store the same data
redundantly (in multiple paces) in a balanced way to improve overall storage
performance

1.6.5 What business problems are being targeted?
2. modeling true risk
3. customer churn analysis
4. Flexible supply chains,
5. Loyalty pricing,
6. Recommendation engines,
7. Ad targeting

8. Precision targeting,
9. Pos transaction analysis
10. Threat analsysis
11. Trade surveillance
12. Search quality fine tuningand
13. Mashups such as location +ad targeting.

Does an in-memory analytics platform replace or augment traditional in-
database approaches?
The answer is that it is quite complementary. In database approaches put a large
focus on the data preparation and scoring portions of the analytic process. The value
of in-database processing is the ability to handle terabytes or petabytes of data
effectively. Much of the processing may not be highly sophisticated but it is a
critical.The new in memory architiectures use a massively parallel platform to enable
the mutilpe terabytes of system memory to be utilized (conceptually) as one big pool
of memory. This means that samples can be much larger, or even eliminated. The
number of variables tested can be expanded immensely.

11

In Memory approaches fit best in situations where there is a need for:
1. High Volume & speed: it is necessary to run many,many models quickly
2. High Width &Depth : It is desired to test hundred or thousands of metrics across
tens of millions customers.
3. High complexity : It is critical to run processing-intensive algorithms on all this
data and to allow for many iterations to occur.

Tics
1. In Memory OLAP :- Classic MOLAP (multidimensional online analytical
processing ) cube loaded entirely in memory.
2. In Memory ROLAP : Relational OLAP metadata loaded entirely in memory.
3. In Memory inverted index :- Index with data loaded inot memory.
4. In Memory associative index : An Array / index with every entity / attribute
correlated to every entity/attribute.
5. In-memory spreadsheet :- Spreadsheet like array loaded entirely into memory.

1.6.6 Structured , Semi Structured and unstructured Data
Structured Data is that type that would fit nearly into a standard relational database
management system,RDBMS, and lend itself to that type of processing.
Semi-Structured Data is the which has some level of commonality but does not fit
the structured data type
Unstructured Datais the type that varies in it content and can change from entry to
entry.
Structured data Semi structure data Unstructured data
Customer Records Web Logs Pictures
12

Point of Sale data Social Media Video Editing Data
Inventory E-Commercce Productivity (office docs)
Financial Records Geological Data

2.0 Big Data Infrastructure
2.1.1 Why RAID Fails at Scale
RAID schemes are based on parity and at its root, if more than two drives fail
simultaneously , data is not recoverable . The Statistical likelihood of multiple drive
failures has not been an issue in the past. However as drive capacities continue to
grow beyond the terabyte range and storage systems continues to grow to hundreds of
terabytes and petabytes, the likelihood of multiple drive failures is not reality.
Further drives arent perfect and typical SATA drives have a published bit rate
error(BRE) of 10 14, meaning100, 000,000,000,000 bits there will be a bit that is
unrecoverable.Doesnt seem signigicant ? In Today bid data storage systems it is the
likelihood of having one drive fail, and encountering a bit rate error when rebuilding
from the remaining RAID set is highly probable in real world scenarios. To put this
inot perspective, when reading 10 terabytes , the probability of an unreadable bit is
likely (565%) and when reading 100 terabytes it is nearly certain (99.97%).
2.1.2 Scale up VS Scale out NAS
Traditional scale up system would provide a small number of access points, or data
servers that would sit in front of a set of disk protected with RAID . As these systems
needed to provide more data to more users the storage administrator would add more
disks to the back end but this only caused to create the data servers as a choke point.
Larger and faster data servers could be created using faster processor and more
memory but this architecture still had significant scalability issues.Scale out uses the
13

approach of more of everything instead of adding drives behind aair of servers, it adds
servers each with processor, memory,network interfaces and storageCapacity. As I
need to add capacity to a grid to scale out version of an array I insert a new node
with all the available resources. This architecture required a number of things to make
it work from both a technology and financial aspect.

Some of these factors include.
1. Clusterd architecture
FOR this model to work the entire grid needed to work as a single entity and each
node in the grid would need to be able to pick up a portion of the function of any
other node that may fail.
2. Distributed / parallel file system
The file system must allow for a file to be accessed from any one or any number of
nodes to be sent to the requesting system. This required different mechanism
underlying the file system : distribution of data across multiple nodes for redundancy
, as distributed metadata o locking mechanism and data scrubbinh / validation
routines.
3. Commodity Hardware
For these systems to be affordable they must rely on commodity hardware that is
inexpensive and easily accessible instead of purpose built systems.

Benefits of Scale Out
There are a number of significant benefits to these new scale out systems that meet
the needs of big data challenges.
1. Manageability
14

When data can grow in a single file system namespace the manageability of the
system increases significantly and a single data administrator can now mange a
petabyte or more of storage versus 50 or 100 terabytes on a scale up system.
2. Elimination of stovepipes
Since these systems scale linearly and do not have the bottlenecks that scale up
systems create, all data is kept in a single file system in a single grid eliminationg the
stovepipes introduced by the multiple arrays and files systems required.
3. Just in time scalability
As my storage needs grow I can add an appropriate number of nodes to meet my
needs at the time I need them. With scale up arrays I would have to guess at the final
size my data may grow while using that array which often led to the purchase of large
data servers with only a few disks behind them initially so I would not hit bottleneck
in the data server as I added disk.
4. Increased utilization rates
Since the data servers in these scale out systems can address the entire pool of storage
there is no stranded capacity. There are five core tenets of scale out NAS should be
simple to scale offer predictable performance , be efficient to operate always available
and be proven to work in a large enterprises

2.1.3 EMC ISILON
EMC Isilon is the scale out platform that delivers ideal storage for big data.
Powered by the oneFS operating system, Isilon nodes are clustered to created a high
performing single pool of storage.EMC Corporation announced in May 2011, the
world largest single file system with the introduction of emcisilons new iq 108NL
scale out NAS hardware product . Leveraging three terabyte (TB) enterprise class
15

hitachiultrastar drives in a 4u node, the 108NL scales to more than 15 petabytes (PB)
in a single file system and single volume, providing the storage foundation for
maximizing the big data opportunity.
EMC also announced isilons new smartlock data retention software application
,delivering immutable protection for big data to ensure the integrity and continuity of
big data assets from initial creation to archival.

Object Based Storage
Object storage is based on a single . Flat addresss space that enables the automatic
routing of data to the right storage systems and the right and protections levels within
those systems according to it value and stage in the data life cycle.

Better Data Availability than RAID
In a properly configured object storage system content it replicated so that a minimum
of to replicas assure continuous data availability. If a disk dies all the other disk in the
cluster join in to replace the lost replicas while the system still runs at nearly full
speed . Recovery takes only minutes with no interruption of data availability and no
noticeable performancedegradation.

Provides unlimited capacity and scalability
In object storage systems there is no directory hierarchy and the object location does
not have to be specified in the same way a directory path has to be known in order to
retrieve it. This Nables object storage system to scaleout limits on the number of files
(objects ), to petabytes and beyond without limits on the number of files ,file size or
16

file system capacity, such as the 2-terabyte restriction that is common for window and
linux file systems.


Backups are Eliminated
With a well designed object storage system ,backups are not required . ultiples
replicas ensure that content is always available and an offsite disaster recovery replica
can be automatically created if desired.

Automatic Load Balancing
A well designed object storage cluster is totally symmetrical which means that each
node is independent provides an entry point into the cluster and runs the same code.

Companies that provide this are cleversafe,compiverde,amplidata ,caring,emc ,hitachi
data systems (hitachi content platform),netapp (storage grid ) and scality.

2.2 Apache Hadoop has been the drivig force behind the growth of the big data
industry . it is a frame work for running applications on large cluster buiyt of
commodity hardware. The hadoop framework transparaently provides applications
both reliability and data motion.

MapReduce is the core of hadoop created at google in response to the problem of
creating web search indexes , the map reduces frame work is the power house behind
most of today big data processing . In addition to hadoop you will find map reduce
inside MPP and no SQL databases such as vertica or mongoDB .The important
17

innovation of map reduce is the ability to take a query over a dataset, divide it and run
it in parallel over multiple nodes. Distributing the computation solves the issures of
data too large to fit into a single machine.

Combine this technique with commodity linux servers and you have a cost effective
alternative to massive computing arrays.

HDFS - we discussed the ability of map reduce to distribute computation over
multiple servers. For that computation to take palce, each server must have acess to
the data. This is the role of HDFS , the hadoop distributed file system.
HDFS and mapreduce are robust .severs in a hadoop cluster can fail and not abort the
computation process. HDFS ensures data is replicated with redundancy across the
cluster. On completion of a calculation a node will write its results back intoHDFS .
There are also restrictions on the data thatHDFS stores . Data may be structured and
schemes be defined before storing the data .with HDFS making sense of the data is
the responsibility of the developers code.

Why a company will be interested in hadoop?
The number one reason is that the company is interested in taking advantage of
unstructured or semi structured data. This data will not fit well into a relational
databases, but hadoop offers a scalable and relatively easy to program way to work
with it. This category includes emails web serve logs instrumentation of online stores
, images video and external data sets. All this data can contain information that is
critical to this businesses orgranized by geographical area. All this data can contain
information that is critical to this business and should reside in your data
18

warehouse,but it needs a lot of pre-processing and this pre-processing will not happen
in oracle RDBMS .


For Example
The other reason to look into hadoop is for information that exists in the databse, but
cant be efficiently processed within the database.this is a wide usecase and it is
usually labeled ETL because the data is going out of an OLTP system and inot a data
warehouse. You use hadoop when 99% of the work is in the t of etl processing the
data into useful information.

2.3 DATA APPLIANCES
Purpose built solutions like teredata, IBM/NETEZZA, EMC/Greenplum, SAP
HANA( High-Performance Analytic appliance), HP Vertica and oracle exadata are
forming a new category . Data appliances are one of the fastest growing categories in
bid data. Data appliances integrate databases, processing and storage in a integrated
system optimized for analytics.
1. Proeccessing close to the data source
2. Appliance simplicity
3. Massively parallel architecture
4. Platform for advanced analytics
5. Flexible configurations and extreme scalability.

2.3.1 HP Vertica
19

The vertica Analytics platform is purpose built from the ground up to enable
companies to extract value from their data at the speed and scale they need to thrive In
today economy. Vertica was designed and built 000since it inceptions for today most
demanding analytic workloads each vertica component is able to take full-advantage
of the others by design.
Key features of the Vertica Analytics Platform
1. Real Time Query &Loading>> Capture the time value of data by continuously
loading information while simultaneously allowing immediate access for rich
analytics.
2. Advanced In Database Analytics >> Ever growing library of features and
functions to explore and process more data closer to the CPU cores without the
need to extract.
3. Database Designer & Administration Tools >>Powerfullsetup , tuning and control
with minimal administration effort. Can make continual improvements while the
system remains online.
4. Columnar Storage & Execution >> Perform queries 50 x 1000x faster by
eliminating costly disk i/owithout the hassie and overhead of indexes and
materialized views.
5. Aggressive Data Compression >> Accomplished more with less CAPX while
delivering superior performance with our engine tha operated on compressed
data.
6. Scale-Out MPP Architecture >>Vertica automatically scales linearly and
limitlessly by just adding industry standard x86 servers to the grid.
7. Automatic high Availability >> Runs non stop with automatically redundancy
failover and recovery optimized to deliver superior query performance as well.
20

8. Optimizer,Execution Engine & workload Management >> Get Maximum
Performance without worrying about the details of how it gets done. Users just
think about questions we deliver answers ,fast.
9. Native BI ETL & Hadoop /mapreduce integration >> Seamless integration with a
robust and ever growing ecosystem of analytics solutions .
2.3.2 Terradata Aster
To Gain Business insight using mapreduce and apache hadoop with SQL Based
analytics below is a summary using a unified big data architecture that blends the
best of hadoop and SQL allowing user to;
1. Capture and refine data from a wide variety of sources
2. Perform necessary multi-stuctured data preprocessing
3. Develop rapid analytics
4. Process embedded analytics, analyzing both relational and non relational data.
5. Produce sem-stuctured data as output often with metadata and heuristic
analysis
6. Solve new analytical workloads with reduced time to insight.
7. Usemassively parallel storage in hadoop to efficientlystora and retain data.

Below figure offer frame work to help enterprise architects most effectively use each
part of a unified big data architecture. This framework allows a best of breed
approach that you can apply to each schema type, helping you achieve maximum
performance , rapid enterprise adoption and the lowest TCO.

3.0 Domain Wise Challenges in Big Data Era
3.1 Log Management
21

Log data does not fall into the convenient schemas required by relational databases.
Log data is at its core, unstructured or in fact semi-structured which leads to a
deafening cacophony of formats, the sheer variety in which logs are being generated
is presenting a major problem in how they are analyzed . The emergence of big data
has not only been driven by the increasing amount of unstructured data to be
processed in near real time , but also by the availability of new toolst to deal with
these challenges. There are 2 things that don,t receive enough attention in the log
management space. The 1
st
is real scalability which means thinking beyond what data
centers can do. That inevitably leads to ambient cloud models for log management
.Splunk has doe an amaing job of pioneering an ambient cloud mdel with th way they
created and eventual consistency model which allow you to make a query to get a
good enough answer quickly or a perfect answer in more time.

The 2
nd
thing is security. Log data is next to useless if it is not nonrepudiatable .
Basically all the log data in the world is not useful as evidence unless you can prove
that nobody changed it.Sumo DataLogglySpluunkare the primary companies that
currently have products around log management.

3.2 Data Integrity and reliability in the big data era
Consider standard business practices and how nearly all physical forms of
documentation and transactions have evolved to become digitized versions and with
them come the inherenllenges of validating not just the authenticity of their contents
but also the impact of acting upon an inavalid data set something which is highly
possible in today high velocity big data business environment . with view we can then
begin to identify the scale of the challenge. With cybercrime and insider threats
22

clearly emerging as a much mre profitable business the the criminal element , the
need to validate and verify is going to become critical to all business documentation
and related transactions even within the existing supply chains.

Keyless signature technology is a relatively new concept in the marke and will require
a different set of perspectives when put under consideration . A keyless signature
provides an alternative method to key based technologies by providing proof and non
repudiation of electronic data using only hash functions for verification. The
implementation of keyless signature is done via a globally distributed machine, taking
hash values of data as inputs and returning keyless signatures that prove the time ,
integrity and origin of the input data.

A primary goal of the keyless signature technology is to provide mass-scale ,non-
expiring data validation while elimanting the need for secrets or other forms of trust
thereby reducing or even eliminating the need for more complex certificate based
solutions as these are ripe with certificate management issues , including expiration
and revocation.

As more orgainisations become affected by big data phenomenon , the clear
implication is that many business will potentially be making business based on
massice amounts of internal a third party data .

Consequently the demand for novel and trusted approaches to validating data will
grow. Extend this concept to the ability to validate a virtual machine, switch logs or
indeed the security logs and then multiply by the clear advantages that cloud
23

computing (public or private) has over the traditional datacenter design we will
begin to understand why keyless data integrity technology that can ensure self
validating data is a technology that is likely to experience adoption.

The ability to move away from reliance on a third party certification authority will be
welcomed by many although this move from the traditionally accepted approach to
verify data integrity needs to be more fully broadcasted and understood for more mass
market adoption and acceptance.

Another solution for monitoring the stability , performance and security of your big
data environment is from a company called Gazzang. Enterprises and SaaS solution
providers have new needs that re driven by the new infrastructures and opportunities
of cloud computing . For Example , business intelligence analysis use big data stores
such as mongo db , hadoop and Cassandra . The data is spread across hundreds of
server in order to optimize processing time and return business insight to the user.
Leraging its extensive experience with cloud architectures and big data platform
,gazzang is delivering a Sass solution for the capture , management and analysis of
massive volume of IT DATA. Gazzangzops is purpose built for monitoring big data
platforms and multiple cloud environments . The powerful engine collects and
correlates vast amounts of data from numerous sources in a variety of forms.

3.3 Backup Management in Big Data Era
For protection against user or application error ,asharbaig a senior analyst and
consultant with the taneja group , said snapshots can help with big data backups. Big
also recommends a local disk based system for quick and simple first level data
24

recovery problem. look for a solution that provide you an option for local copies of
data so that you can do local restores which are much faster he said , having a local
copy and having an image based technology to do fast image based snaps and
replications does speed it up and takes care of the performance concern.
Faster Scanning Needed
One of the issures big data backup systems face is scanning each time the backup and
archiving solutions start their jobs. Legacy data protection systems scan the file
system each time a backup job is run and each time an archiving job is run. For file
systems is big data Environment this can be time consuming. Commvault solution for
the scanning issue in its impana data protection software is it one pass feature.
According to commvault , one pass is an object level converged process for collecting
backup archiving and reporting data. The data is collected and moved off the primary
system to a content store virtual repository for completing the data protection
operations. Once a complete scan has been accomplished , the commvault software
places an agent on the file system to report on incremental backups making the
process even more efficient.

Casino doesnt want to gamble on backups
Pechanga resort and casino in Temecula calif went live with a cluster of 50 EMC
isilon X200 nodes in February to back up data from its surveillance cameras. The
casino has 1.4 PB of usable isilon storage to keep the data, which is critical to
operations because the casino must shutdown all gaming operations if its surveillance
system is interrupted.

25

In gaming were mandated to have surveillance coverage , said Michael grimsley
director of systems for Pechanga technology solutions group. If surveillance is down
all gaming has to stop. If a security incident occurs their team pulls footage from the
x200 nodes and moves it to worm compliant storage and back it up with networker
software to emc data domain dd860 the duplication target appliances. The casino
doesnt need tape for worm capability because worm is part of isilons smart lock
software. Another possibility is adding replication to a DR site so the casino can
recover quickly if the surveillance system goes down.

Scale out Systems
Another option to solving the performance and capacity issues is using a scale out
backup system one similar to scale out NAS,but built for data protection .you add
nodes with additional performance and capacity resources as. the amount of protected
data growschnogy. Any backup architecture especially for the big data world has to
officer balance the performance and the capacity properly said jefftofanosepatoninc
chief technology officer .otherwise at the end of the day , it not a good solution for the
customer and is a more expensive solution than it should be .

Sepaton s2100-es2 modular virtual tape library (VTL) was built for data intensive
large enterprises. According to the company its is 64 bits processor nodes backup data
at up to 43.2tb per hour , regardless of the data type and can store up to 1.6pb yoy can
add up to eight performance nodes per cluster as your needs require and add disk
shelves to add capacity.

3.4 Database management in Big Era
26

There are currently three tree trends in the industry:
1. The NoSQL databases designed to meet the scalability requirements of
distribution architectures and or schemaless data management requirements.
2. The NewSQL databases designed to meet the reqirements of distributed
architectures or to improves performance such that horizontal scalability is no
longer needed.
3. The data grid /cache products designed to store data in memory to increase
application and database performance .
Computer World Tam Harbert explored the skills and needs organizations are
searching for in the quest to manage the big data challenge and also identified five
job titles emerging in the big data world .

Along with habert findings here are 7 new types job being created by big data :
1. Data Scientists : This emerging role is taking the lead in processing raw data and
determining what types of analysis would deliver the best results.
2. Data Architects : Organistaitons managing bid data need professional who will be
able to build a data model and plan out roadmap of how and when various data
sources and analytical will come online had how they will all fit together.
3. Data Visualizer : These days a lot of decision maker rely on information that is
presented to them in highly visual format either on dashboards with colorful
alerts and dials or in quick understand charts and graphs organizations need
professionals who can harness the data and put it in context , in layman language
exploring what the data means and how t will impact the company.
4. Data Change agents : - Every forward thinking organistation needs change agents
usually an informal role who can evangelize and marshal the necessary resources
27

for new innovation and ways of doing business. Harbert predicts that data change
in internal operations and processes based on data analytics. They need to be good
communicators and six sigma background meaning they know how to apply
statistics to improve quality on a continuous basis also help.
5. Data engineer/operators : these are the people that make the big data infrastructure
hum on day to day basis. They develop the architecture that hels analyze and
supply data in the way the business needs and make sure systems are performing
smoothly says harbert.
6. Data stewards : not mentioned in harbert list but essential to any analytics-driven
organization is the emerging the role of data steward.Every bit and byte of data
across the enterprise should be owned by someone ideally a linne of business .
Data Stewards ensure that data sourcesare properly accounted for and may also
maintained a centralized repository as part of master data management approach
in which there is one gold copy of enterprise data to be referenced .
7. Data Virtualization/cloud specialists :- Databases themselves are no longer as
unique as they use to be . what matter now is the ability to build and maintain a
virtualized data service layer in a consistent easy to access manner. Sometimes
this is called databases a service . No matter what it called organization need
professional that can also build support these virtualized layer or clouds.

4.0 BigData use cases :
4.1 Potential use cases
The key to exploiting big data analytics is focusing on a compelling business
opportunity as defined by use case what (what exactly are we trying to do ? ) what
value is ther proving a hypothesis ?
28


Use cases are emerging in a variety of industries that illustrate different core
competencies around analytics. Figure below illustrates some use cases along two
dimensions data velocity and variety.

RAW DATA -> AGGREGATED DATA INTELLIGENCE -- > INSIGHTS
DECISIONS OPERATIONAL IMPACT FINANCIAL OUTCOMES -- >
VALUE CREATION.

Insurance:- -- Individualize auto insurance policies based on newly captured
vehicle telemetry data . Insurer gains insight inot customer driving habits delivering
1) more accurate assessments of risk 2) individualized pricing based on actual
individual customer driving habits 3) influence and motivate individual customer to
improve their drivinghabits .

Travel :-- optimize buying experience through web log and social media data nalysis
1) travel site gain insight in not customer preferences and desires 2) up selling
products by correlating current sales with subsequent browsing behavior increase
browse to buy conversions via customized offers and packages 3) deliver personalized
travel recommendations based on social media data .

Gaming Collect gaming data to optimize spend within and across games 1) games
company gains insight into likes , dislikes and relationships of it user 2)Enchance
games to drive customer spend within games 3) recommend othecontenet based on
29

analysis of player connections and similar like . Create special offers or packages
based on browsing and buying behaiour.
4.2 Big data Actual Use Cases
Below graphic mentions the survey result undertaken by information week which
indicated the % of respondents who would be opting for a open source solutions for
Bd Data.

1. Use Case
Amazon will pay shoppers $5 to walk out of stores emptyhandedInteresting use of
consumer data entry to power next generation retail price competition amazon is
offering consumers up to $ 5 off on purchase if they compare prices using their
mobile phone application in a store. The promotion will serve as a way for
amazon to increase usage of it bar code scanning application while also
collectiong intelligence on prices in the stores.

Amazons price check app which is available for iphone and android allows
shoppers to scan a bar code take a picture of an item or conduct a text search to
find the lowest prices . Amazon is also asking consumer its still ofto submit the
prices of items with the app so amazon know offering the best prices . A great
way to feed data inot it learningengine from brick and mortor retailers.This is an
interesting trend that should terrify bricj and mortar retailer .while the
realtimeevery day low price information empower consumers it terrifies retailer
who increasingly are feeling like showroom shoppers come to be check out the
merchandise but uttimately decide to walk out and buy online instead.

30



2. Smart meters
1) Because of smart meters , electricity providers can read the meter once every
15 minutes reather than once a month . This not only eliminated the need to
send some one for meter reading, but as the e is read once every fifteen
minutes , electricity can be priced differently for peak and off peak hours .
pricing can be used to shape the demand curve during peak hours eliminationg
the need for creating additional generating capacity just to meet peak demand ,
saving electicity providers millions of dollars worth of investment in
generating capacity and plant maintenance costs.
2) Well there is a smart electric meter in a residence in texas and one of the
electricity providers in the area is using the smart meter technology to shape
the demand curve by offering free night time energy charges all night every
night . All year long.
3) In Fact they promote their service as do your laundry or run the dishwasher at
night and pay nothing for your energy charges. What txu energy is trying to do
here is to reshape energy demand using pricing so as to manage peak time
demand resulting in savings for both txu and customer . This wount have been
possible without smart electric meters.
4) T-mobile USA ---- has integrated big data across multiple it systems to
combine customer transaction and interactions data in order to better predict
customer defections. By leveraging social media data along with transactions
data from CRM and billing systems , t mobile USA has been able to cut
customer defections in half in a single quarter.
31

5) Us express provider of a wide r=variety of transportation solutions collects
about a thousand data elements ranging from fuel usage to tire conditions to
truck engine operations to gps information and uses this data for optimal fleet
management and to drive productivity saving millions o dollars in operating
costs.
6) Mclaren formula one racing team ------- uses real time car sensor data during
car races, identifies issues with its racing cars using predicatives analytics and
take corrective actions proactively before it too late |
7) How morgan Stanley uses hadoop ---- Gary bhattarcharjee executive director
of enterprises information management at the firm has worked with hadoop as
early as 2008 and thought that it might provide a solutions .so the it
department hooked up some old servers.

At the fountained head conference on hadoop In finance in new York
bhattacharjee said the investment bank has started by stringether 15 end of life
boxes . it allowed us to bring really cheap infrastructure into a framework and
install hadoop and let it run.One area that bhattacharjee would talk about was
in it and log analyisis.A typical approach would be a look at web logs and
database logs to see problems but one log wouldnt shpow if a web delay was
caused by a databse logs pu them inot hadoop and ran tim based correlations
.now they can see market events and how they correlate with web issues and
databases read write problems.

8) Big data at ford
32

With analytics now embedded ito the culture of ford , the rise of big data analytics
has created a whole host of new possibilities for the automaker generate
internally from our business operations and also from our vehicle. We recognize
that the volumes of data we generate internally from our business operations and
also from our vehicle research activities as well as the universeof data that our
customers live inn and our vehicle research activities as well as the universe of
daa that our customers live in and that exists on the internet all of those things
are hug opportunities for us that will likely require some new specialized
techniques or platforms to manage, said ginder . our research organization is
experimenting with haddo and we are trying to combine all of these various data
sorce that we have accesto . we thing to sky is the limit . we recognize that we are
just kind of scraping the tip of the iceberg here.The other major asset that fordhs
going for it when it comes to bigdata is that hthe company is tracking enormpus
amounts of useful data in both the product development process and the products
themselves.

Ginder noted our manufacturing sites are all very well instrumental. Our vehicles
are very well instrtmental. They closed loop control systems . There are many
many sensors in each vehivle until now most of that information was in the
vehicle , but we think ththat data andere opportunity to grab that data and
understand better how the car operated and how consumers use the vehicles and
feed that informations back inot our design process and help optimize the user
experience in the future as well.

33

Of course big data is about a lot more than just hearnessing all of the runaway data
sources that mos companies are trying to grapple with it about structured data plus
unstructured data . structure data is all the traditional stuff most companies have in
their databases as the stuf like ford is talking about with sensors in its vehicles
and assembly ) unstructured data is the stuff that now freely available across he
internet , from public data now being exposed by government on sites such as
data.gov in the us to treasure troves of consumer intelligence such as twiteer
.mxing the two and coming up with new analysis is that big data is all about.
The amount of that data is only goingtassumption of big data is only own goin
grow and there aopportunity for us to combine that external data with our internal
data in new ways said ginder . for better forecasting or for better insight into
product design there are many many opportunities.

Ford is alos digging into the consumer intelligence aspect of unstructured data
.Ginder said we recognize that the data on the internet is potentially insightful for
understaning what our customer or our potential customer are looking for what
their attitudes are so we do some sentiment analysis around blog post, comments
and other types of content on the internet.

That kind of thing is pretty common and a lot of fortune 500 companies are doing
similar kinds of things .however there another way that ford is uusing unstructured
data from the web that is a little more unique and it tohas impacted the way the
company predicits future sales of tit vehicles.

34

We use google trends which measures the popularity of search terms to help form
ourwon internal sales forecasts ,ginder explained . Along with other internal data
we have , we use that to build a better forecast , ginder explained . Along with
other internal data we have we use that to buid a better forecast .it one of the
inputs for oursals forecast . In the past it would justbe what we sold last week .
ow it what we sold last weel plus the popularity of the search terms again, I think
we are just scratching the surface . There a lot more I think we will be doing in the
future.

Computer and electronics products and information sectors traded globally stand
out as sctors that have already been experiencing very strong productively growth
and that are poised to gain substaintially from the use of big data.

Two services sectors and insurance and government are positioned to benefit very
strongly from big data as long as barriers ot it use can overcome.

Several sectos have experienced negative productivity growth probably
indicationg that these sectos face strong systematic barriers to increasing
productivity. Among the remaing sectors we see that globally traded sectos ten to
have experienced higher productivity growth while local services (mainly cluster
E) have experienced lower growth.

While all sectors will have to overcome barriers to capture value from the use of
big data,barriers are structureally higher for some than for others . For Example ,
the public sector , including educations , faces higher hurdles because of a lack of
35

datadriven mindset and available data .capturing value in health care face
challenges given the relatively low IT investment performed so far. Sectors such
as retail , manufacturing and professiona services may have relatively lowe
degrees of barriers to overcome for precisely the opposite reasons.

4.3 In IBM Big Data used for
1971 :- SPEECH RECOGNITION
speech recognition (SR) is the translation of spoken words into text. It is also known
as "automatic speech recognition", "ASR. Some SR systems use "speaker independent
speech recognition" while others use "training" where an individual speaker reads
sections of text into the SR system. These systems analyze the person's specific voice
and use it to fine tune the recognition of that person's speech, resulting in more
accurate transcription. Systems that do not use training are called "speaker
independent" systems. Systems that use training are called "speaker dependent"
systems.

Speech recognition applications include voice user interfaces such as voice dialling
(e.g. "Call home"), call routing (e.g. "I would like to make a collect call"),
domotic appliance control, search (e.g. find a podcast where particular words were
spoken), simple data entry (e.g., entering a credit card number), preparation of
structured documents (e.g. a radiology report), speech-to-text processing (e.g., word
processors or emails), and aircraft (usually termed Direct Voice Input).
1980 :- RISC Architecture (Reduced Instruction Set Computer). In old ibmserver ,
performance level speed has been improved.
36

1988 :-NSFNET :- Having connecting to network between many university in
US.NSINET speed 92 countries for isp in 1995.
1993: Scalable Parallel System.A multiprocessor is a tightly coupled computer
system having two or more processing units (Multiple Processors) each sharing main
memory and peripherals, in order to simultaneously process programs.
Sometimes the term Multiprocessor is confused with the term Multiprocessing.
1996 : DEEP THUNDER
It show a daily wheather report. It showcalclulation and manipulation of project.
1997 :- DEEP BLUE
IBM 6000 super computer having parallel process. Breaking up the task into smaller
subtask and execute them in parallel.2000 :- Linux operating system.BLUE GENE
2004 . Fastest wide range of application , medical and climate
2009 :- The First Nationalwide smart energy and water grid having water shortage
,skyrocketing energy cost,monitor waste, incentive efficient resource
usedetecttheft,reduce dependency and also other utilities.
2009 :- STREAM COMPUTING:- (Video Streaming) for w.g we can say is there
events in orgainisation all the audiofile and video file record are stored in server.
2009 :- CLOUDThe future of the cloud is going to be a hybrid combination of public
and private cloud, not one or the other. There will be times when you want to run a
workload in a private cloud, then move it up to a public cloud, and later move it back
again to your private cloud. We see a Microsoft private cloud as the first step towards
building a cloud that allows you to go into the public cloud, which is what we call
37

Windows Azure. With Microsoft, our cloud offerings are designed so that your
private cloud and public cloud work together.
2010 GPFS SNC General Parellel file system shared disk clusterd file system
stored in SAN, GPFS provide high availability , disaster recovery, security ,
herarichal system.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The internet has made new sources of vast amount of data to business executives . Big
data is comprised of data sets too large be handled by traditional systems. To remain
competitive, business executives need to adopt new technologies and techniques
emerging e to big data. Big data includes structured data , semi structured and
unstructured data. structured data are those data formatted for use in a database
management system. Semi structured and unstructured data include all type of
unformatted data including multimedia and social media content. Big data are also
provided by myriad hardware objects, including sensors and actuators embedded in
physical objects,









38







DESIGN OF SURVEY
ANALYSIS OF BIG DATA

Page 1 of 1
Form Title



Name of the person filling the form:



ORGANISATION


Department Name:

39




Are you aware of Big Data ?
Yes
No
Other:


What type(s) of data do you use in your organisation ?
Microsoft Office
Open Office
Tally
Libra Office
Lotus Office
None
Other:


What kind of Module(s) do you use in your organisation ? *
ERP
SAP
SUN
TALLY
40

WEB PORTAL
NONE
Other:


What type(s) of Data Format do you use?
Document Format (.doc, docx)
Excel Format(.xls)
PDF Format()
JPEG Format
Video Format()
None
Other:


If your data is lost, is there any process for data restoration?
Yes
No
Other:


Do you have any procedure for Data Backup?
Daily backup
Weekly backup
41

Monthly backup
None
Other:

What media do you use to take backup of data stored on your system?
CD/DVD
USB EXTERNAL Storage Drive
USB Pendrive
Local drive(s) on your system
None
Other:


Which Email Service do you use?
Zimbra
Microsoft Exchange
Lotus
None
Other:


Do you have an Archieved Backup of your data and email service?
Yes
No
42

Other:


Which service do you use for offline Backup of email service?
Microsoft Outlook
Outlook Express
Mozilla ThunderBird
Zimbra Client
Lotus notes
None
Other:

Please provide your View(s) on Big Data ? Explain in 1 line


Do you have any Suggestions on the concept of Big Data ?


Add item
Confirmation Page
43




Send form

DATA COLLECTION SUMMARY
Data Collection we have only 73 person has response
Web Based Questionnaires : A new and inevitably growing methodology is the use of
Internet based research. This would mean receiving an e-mail on which you would be
click of an address that would take you to secure web-site to fill in a questionnaire.
This type of research is often quicker and less detailed. Some disadvantages of this
method include the exclusion of people who do have a computer or are unable to
access a computer. Also the validity of such surveys are in question as people might
be in a hurry to complete it and so might not give accurate responses.
(https://https://docs.google.com/a/welingkarmail.org/forms/d/1OYNpCCQyEzCqn42i
h_LX7NksW5GR_frU5wnhA_OPVAY/viewform)

Questionnaires often make use of checklist , checkbox and rating scale. These devices
help simplify and quantify peoples behaviors and attitudes. A Checklist is a list of
44

behaviors , characteristics , or other entities that the researcher is looking for Either
the researcher or survey participant simply checks whether each item on the list is
observed, present or true or vice versa. A Rating Scale is more useful when behavior
needs to be evaluated on a continuum. They are also known as LikertScaels.




DATA ANALYSIS
In this data analysis we have 70 % of people know about the is big data ; In
Analysis of Big Data this diagram it show the rate of scale and rating of analysis of
big data .
73 responses
Summary
Name of the person filling the form:
Chitin
Salian VikramMadhavShinde Priti Nikita ShoaibMomim Gouri rohitkhana Neha gane
shdevarushi sheetal siddhant
|Bitla NazirKanoor TruptiMengle BhojaAminBhaveshdodia ArchanaRathod Deepakl
praveen surakhakamble Vinitha
Nair suhilaamin mehmoodKanoor Lynette PriyankaSalunke Subodh durgesh Deepak
SupriyaMoreAnkurThakkar ParveenShaikh Vajreshwari Amin Siddhi
Deshpande prashantdesai Tanuja Latesh
45

Poojary Vidya satish PriyankaAjgaonkar JitinSalian PramodMulik HeenaShailkh San
deepKelkar piyush ManeeshaMhatre Rao DilipVishwasrao ajay Rupal
Choudhari Vanmala Bhagwati Mrunal Shivan Naina naina Girish santoshkadam ajayd
esai Mehek somappasalian parinita Maitreyee Anagheswar RutujaDeshmukh Jeetendr
aVelhal dipeshnagalkar Neeta Papal Ryan
Rodricks AkshayadeviSawant SantoshRajeesh Nair Surjit Singh deepak husainkanor

ORGANISATION
lokandwala SBI Salian Daulat Exim Pvt Ltd Accentures Lupin Ltd. web print SBI
Life welingkarinstitiutes Ugam Solutions MT Educare Pvt. Ltd We
School JLL Redington India Ltd poojary Kotian jsw
steel Welingkar DATA Welingkar Institute WeSchool cargo AB
Enterprises Desperado Inc accenture Cybertech Ferrero autonomous Welingkar
Institute Of Management Accenture Services Pvt. Ltd. coca cola Godrej
Infotech 3dplm wipro bajaj auto ltd TCS orange business service SIBER Maxwell
Industries Ltd deloittepunjab national bank Tetra Pack College of ABM,Oros Rai
University none Dhruvinfotech Sai Service Agency Pvt Ltd sorte Alitalia
Airlines Atos origin central bank of india welingkar institute of
management hdfc Welingkar Institute of Management Jacquor net magic ICFAI
University Nokia eClerx Service Ltd xolo Amin Annet Tech. Sixsigma Pvt. Soft
SolutionsYogaVidyaNiketan Ideate digital Welingkar capgemini HCL Infosystems
Ltd. poona finance bank

Department Name
46

Quality Operation BMLP IT Infrastructure Support production Sales &
Marketing Technology Distribution Marketing supply chain
mangaement support Customer Care GOC back office Event Management none Yoga
Kendra quality Management CVN Testing Marketing Reparing printing
dept Reservations and Holiday
Packages mis acounting researchstoredept RAID HLDC admin finance Digital
Marketing Designing manufacturing Coordination Admin Admin MBA Media Distan
ce education Department FinanceAdministrator IT Design import dept UBI Data
Analyst IT ADC Technology governance Accounts MIS Administration dispatch Acc
ounts accounts logistic hardware HR & Admin it PGDM FMB

Are you aware of Big Data ?


Yes 42 59%
No 27 38%
Other 2 3%
What type(s) of data do you use in your organisation ?
Microsoft Office 66 51%
Open Office 18 14%
47

Tally 17 13%
Libra Office 4 3%
Lotus Office 9 7%
None 4 3%
Other 12 9%
What kind of Module(s) do you use in your organisation ?
ERP 28 21%
SAP 12 9%
SUN 4 3%
TALLY 20 15%
WEB PORTAL 49 37%
NONE 7 5%
Other 13 10%
What type(s) of Data Format do you use?
Document Format (.doc, docx) 64 23%
Excel Format(.xls) 67 24%
PDF Format() 60 22%
JPEG Format 47 17%
Video Format() 28 10%
None 3 1%
48

Other 6 2%
If your data is lost, is there any process for data restoration?

Yes 51 72%
No 19 27%
Other 1 1%

Do you have any procedure for Data Backup?
Daily backup 32 40%
Weekly backup 22 28%
Monthly backup 11 14%
None 12 15%
Other 3 4%
What media do you use to take backup of data stored on your system?
CD/DVD 25 18%
USB EXTERNAL Storage Drive 39 27%
USB Pendrive 29 20%
Local drive(s) on your system 31 22%
49

None 9 6%
Other 9 6%

Which Email Service do you use?

Zimbra 24 34%
Microsoft Exchange 25 35%
Lotus 7 10%
None 6 8%
Other 9 13%

Do you have an Archieved Backup of your data and email service?

Yes 40 58%
No 28 41%
50

Other 1 1%
Which service do you use for offline Backup of email service?
Microsoft Outlook 21 29%
Outlook Express 8 11%
Mozilla ThunderBird 5 7%
Zimbra Client 10 14%
Lotus notes 9 13%
None 18 25%
Other 1 1%


Please provide your View(s) on Big Data ? Explain in 1 line
The biggest challenge for any huge organisation is to figure out who should own the
big data initiatives that straddle the entire organisation. Big Data is a must in every
organisation as there is always a chance of losing a big chunk of the important
data. no idea abt big data Great cloud backup Big data is collocation of all the relevant
data. big data should be have backup Student DATA Big data is useful for viewing
structured data. I don't deal with big data on day to day basis. Hence not able to
justify. other no idea about Big data Harddisk Most of the organizations maintain a
mix of data sets in various forms. Irrespective of your profession apps are require to
make your data more accessible, usable and valuable. More reliable Should have more
capacity for Data use . Big data refers to groups of data that are so large and unwieldy
that regular database management tools have difficulty capturing, storing, sharing and
51

managing the information. I don't know any thing about Big data big data Big Data
Required More Efficient Big data Should be stored in centralised format The file
which is more than 10 MB. Big Data is not limited to just email but its more about the
business data running on servers (Oracle database, data backup of servers,
etc) none no idea we are use many types of data formats,for security reason we take
daily backup. Use cloud Service for video and jpeg format require advance
technology cloud computing not yet used, but aware of what big data is. Big data is
future. no idea abt big data It's a huge hype with only top guns moving into the
technology. The investment is high and seems risk prone. all the database should be
stored in centralised data should be in cloud Big data require more security Provide
custopmization in big dataBig data should be disaster reovery Accounts
Statement data should be in Icloud. It should be easily accessable for the person who
is storing it .. should provide in cloud
Do you have any Suggestions on the concept of Big Data?
no big data cloud backup NA big data should be have backup Information
management is the most crucial in the organizations, hence more research on data
management and analytics is required. other i suggestion data should be in cloud
backup,it is very much secure & better, Thanks Purchase New USB Hard disk Drive
And Copy All Data For economic feasibility in any successful organisation ,it is
essential to device ways and means to handle "big data" without driving up the
hardware costs. More reliable No 1) Backup concept needs to be highlighted in this
survey. 2) Software used should be asked 3) Kind of data to be backed up should be
asked 4) Retrieval procedure should be asked 5) Incase of backup is corrupted there
should be a concept of fail safe module which should be discussed Store more Hard
disk Big data Should be stored in centralised format The file which is more than 10
52

MB. none Same as above no idea If daily back up is taken then it would be of great
help and if possible back up is taken dept. wise then the time consumed for retriving
the data would be reduced. require advance technology no idea abt big data data
should be in cloud cloud computing Use cloud Serice for video and jpeg format Big
data require more security Provide custopmization in big data Big data should be
disaster reovery nope, not yet data should be in Icloud. It should be easily accessable
for the person who is storing it .. should provide in cloud
Number of daily responses

INFERENCES/KEY FINDINGS
1. Nearly half the data (49%) is unstructured (text), while 51% is structured. Also,
about 70% of the data is from internal sources.
2. Logistics and finance expect the greatest ROI, although sales and marketing have
a bigger share (30%) of the Big Data budget
3. Monitoring how customers use their products to detect product and design flaws is
seen as a critical application for Big Data
4. About half of the firms surveyed are using Big Data, and many of them projected
big returns for 2014
5. Big split in spending on Big Data, with a minority of companies spending massive
amounts and a larger number spending very little
6. Investments are geared toward generating and maintaining revenue.
53

7. The biggest challenges to getting business value from Big Data are as much
cultural as they are technological.
8. The biggest projected 2012 Big Data returns for leaders came from places that
laggards did not value as much: improving customers offline experience and
location-based marketing.
9. Companies that do more business on the Internet spend more on Big Data and
project greater ROI.
10. Organizing a core unit of Big Data analysts in a separate function appears to be
important to success.
11. Big Data has become big news almost overnight, and there are no signs that
interest is waning. In fact, several indicators suggest executive attention will climb
even higher.
12. Over the last three years, few business topics have been mentioned in the media
and researched as extensively as Big Data. Hundreds of articles have appeared in
the general business press (for example, Forbes, Fortune, Bloomberg
BusinessWeek, The Wall Street Journal, The Economist), technology publications
and industry journals, and more seem to be written by the day. A March 2013
search on Amazon.com surfaces more than 250 books, articles and e-books on the
topic, most of them published in the last three years.
13. Dozens of studies have been conducted on Big Data as well, and every week
another one appears. Most of the big consulting firms and IT services companies
have weighed in, as well as (of course) the technology research community:
Gartner, Forrester, IDC and many of the rest.


54










CONCLUSION
It seems that the general Blogging Idol conclusion is that big data is here to stay, that
there are good arguments for moving forward with big data systems, and that the best
way is to start small and prove the benefits. While this isnt much different from any
other new technology, it might be an especially good strategy to apply to big data
applications. Cloud computing may also prove valuable for big data.But it is not
necessary that vvery data should be in cloud for example we can say , xyz
orgainisation having the big data , ver video ,audio ,jpeg and social media file were
we can store in cloud computing . and Log data , confidential document ,events ,email
backup ,online transaction file and log data that we can store in internal organization .

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At the end of the day, big data provides an opportunity for big analysis leading to
big opportunities to gain a competitive edge, to advance the quality of life, or to
solve the mysteries of the world.









SUGGESTIONS
1. Expanding customer intelligence
2. Improving operational efficiencies
3. Adding mobility to big data
4. Big Data and Analytics As a service
5. Define big data problems
6. Technology infrastructure recommendation, setup, ongoing operations &
support.
7. Ingestion of big data
8. Analytics algorithms, map/reduce, statistical functions
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9. Integration with enterprise systems
10. Recommendation Engine for e-Commerce portals
11. Big data should be in cloud computing (for e.g video and jpeg file)
12. Replication and Disaster Recovery

It must not compromise the basic functionality of the cluster
It should scale in the same manner as the cluster.
It should not compromise the essential characteristics of big data
It should address or at least mitigate a security threat to big data environments or
data stored within the cluster. So how can we secure big data repositories today? The
following is a list of common challenges, with security measures to address them:
1. User access: We use identity and access management systems to control users,
including both regular and administrator access.
2. Separation of duties: We use a combination of authentication, authorization, and
encryption to provide separation of duties between administrative personnel.
We use application space, namespace, or schemata to logically segregate user
access to a subset of the data under management.
3. Indirect access: To close back doors access to data outside permitted
interfaces we use a combination of encryption, access control, and configuration
management.
4. User activity: We use logging and user activity monitoring (where available) to
alert on suspicious activity and enable forensic analysis.
5. Data protection: Removal of sensitive information prior to insertion and data
masking (via tools) are common strategies for reducing risk. But the majority of
big data clusters we are aware of already store redundant copies of sensitive data.
This means the data stored on disk must be protected against unauthorized access,
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and data encryption is the de facto method of protecting sensitive data at rest. In
keeping with the requirements above, any encryption solution must scale with the
cluster, must not interfere with MapReduce capabilities, and must not store keys
on hard drives along with the encrypted data keys must be handled by a secure
key manager.
6. Eavesdropping: We use SSL and TLS encryption to protect network
communications. Hadoop offers SSL, but its implementation is limited to client
connections. Cloudera offers good integration of TLS; otherwise look for third
party products to close this gap.
7. Name and data node protection: By default Hadoop HTTP web consoles
(JobTracker, NameNode, TaskTrackers, and DataNodes) allow access without any
form of authentication. The good news is that Hadoop RPC and HTTP web
consoles can be configured to require Kerberos authentication. Bi-directional
authentication of nodes is built into Hadoop, and available in some other big data
environments as well. Hadoops model is built on Kerberos to authenticate
applications to nodes, nodes to applications, and client requests for MapReduce
and similar functions. Care must be taken to secure granting and storage of
Kerberos tickets, but this is a very effective method for controlling what nodes
and applications can participate on the cluster. Application protection: Big data
clusters are built on web-enabled platforms which means that remote injection,
cross-site scripting, buffer overflows, and logic attacks against and through client
applications are all possible avenues of attack for access to the cluster.
Countermeasures typically include a mixture of secure code development
practices (such as input validation, and address space randomization), network
segmentation, and third-party tools (including Web Application Firewalls, IDS,
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authentication, and authorization). Some platforms offer built-in features to
bolster application protection, such as YARNs web application proxy service.

Archive protection: As backups are largely an intractable problem for big data, we
dont need to worry much about traditional backup/archive security. But just
because legitimate users cannot perform conventional backups does not mean an
attacker would not create at least a partial backup. We need to secure the
management plane to keep unwanted copies of data or data nodes from being
propagated. Access controls, and possibly network segregation, are effective
countermeasures against attackers trying to gain administrative access, and
encryption can help protect data in case other protections are defeated. In the end,
our big data security recommendations boil down to a handful of standard tools
which can be effective in setting a secure baseline for big data environments:
Use Kerberos: This is effective method for keeping rogue nodes and applications
off your cluster. And it can help protect web console access, making
administrative functions harder to compromise. We know Kerberos is a pain to set
up, and (re-)validation of new nodes and applications takes work. But without bi-
directional trust establishment it is too easy to fool Hadoop into letting malicious
applications into the cluster, or into accepting introduce malicious nodes which
can then add, alter, or extract data. Kerberos is one of the most effective security
controls at your disposal, and its built into the Hadoop infrastructure, so use it.

File layer encryption: File encryption addresses two attacker methods for
circumventing normal application security controls. Encryption protects in case
malicious users or administrators gain access to data nodes and directly inspect
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files, and it also renders stolen files or disk images unreadable. Encryption
protects against two of the most serious threats. Just as importantly, it meets our
requirements for big data security tools it is transparent to both Hadoop and
calling applications, and scales out as the cluster grows. Open source products are
available for most Linux systems; commercial products additionally offer external
key management, trusted binaries, and full support. This is a cost-effective way to
address several data security threats.
8. Management: Deployment consistency is difficult to ensure in a multi-node
environment. Patching, application configuration, updating the Hadoop stack,
collecting trusted machine images, certificates, and platform discrepancies, all
contribute to what can easily become a management nightmare. The good news is
that most of you will be deploying in cloud and virtual environments. You can
leverage tools from your cloud provider, hypervisor vendor, and third parties
(such as Chef and Puppet) to automate pre-deployment tasks. Machine images,
patches, and configuration should be fully automated and updated prior to
deployment. You can even run validation tests, collect encryption keys, and
request access tokens before nodes are accessible to the cluster. Building the
scripts takes some time up front but pays for itself in reduced management time
later, and additionally ensures that each node comes up with baseline security in
place. Log it!: Big data is a natural fit for collecting and managing log data. Many
web companies started with big data specifically to manage log files. Why not add
logging onto your existing cluster? It gives you a place to look when something
fails, or if someone thinks perhaps you have been hacked. Without an event trace
you are blind. Logging MR requests and other cluster activity is easy to do, and
increases storage and processing demands by a small fraction, but the data is
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indispensable when you need it. Secure communication: Implement secure
communication between nodes, and between nodes and applications. This requires
an SSL/TLS implementation that actually protects all network communications
rather than just a subset. Cloudera appears to get this right, and some cloud
providers offer secure communication options as well; otherwise you will likely
need to integrate these services into your application stack.

Bibliography
1. Ibm analysis of big data
2. John Webster Understanding Big Data Analytics, Aug,
Searchstorage.techtarget.com
3. Bill Franks Whats up With In-Memory?, May 7 ,2012 iilanalytics.com.
4. PankajMaru Datat Scientist: The new kid on the IT block, Sep 3
,2012,CIOL.com.
5. Yellow White Paper- In- Memory Analytics ,ww.yellowfin.bi.i
6. Morgan Stanley takes on Big Data With Hadoop, March 30,2012 ,Forbes.com
7. Ravi Kalakota, New Tools For New Times- Primer on big Data, hadoop and
In-memory
8. Data Clouds, May 15,2011,practical analytics.wordpress.com
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9. Mckinsey Global Institute Bigdata : The next Frontier for innovation
,competition , and productivity , June 2011
10. Harish Kotadia 4 Excellent Big Data Case Studies, July 2012, Hkotadia.com
11. Jeff Kelly,Bigdata : Hadoop, Business Analytics and Beyond, Aug 27 ,2012
Wikibon.org
12. Joe Mckendrick 7 new types of jobs created by big data, Sep 20
,2012,Smartplanet.com.
13. Jean-Jacques DubrayNoSQL, NewSQL and Beyond ,Apr 19. 2011, Infoq.com