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KBP Technical Standards and

Operating Requirements
Content
Broadcasting in General
Technical standards and operating
requirements for MF Broadcast Stations
in the Philippines
Technical standards and operating
requirements for FM Broadcast Stations
in the Philippines
Technical standards and operating
requirements for Television in the
Philippines
What is Broadcasting?
The art and science of conveying
information through electrical means
intended for the reception of the
general public.
As per RA 9292, Sec. 3c:
an undertaking the object of which is to
transmit audio, video, text, images, or other
signals or messages for the reception of a
broad audience in a geographical area via
wired or wireless means.
The Basic Broadcasting Chain
Studio-to-Transmitter Configurations
Combo Type
Studio and Transmitter are co-located
Link is commonly wired
Split Type
Studio and Transmitter are not co-located
Link is commonly wireless
Broadcast Programming
the practice of organizing television or radio
programs in a daily, weekly, or season-long
schedule.
Dayparting
the practice of dividing the day into several parts,
during each of which a different type of radio
programming or television programming
appropriate for that time is aired.
Broadcast Programming
Early Morning
Follows Sign-on
Includes early
morning newscasts,
and Breakfast
Typically from
6:00AM to 9:00AM
Daytime
Follows the end of
morning-show
programming
Typically 9:00AM to
4:30PM
Broadcast Programming
Early Fringe
afternoon/early
evening (before
evening primetime)
Typically 4:30PM to
7:30PM
Prime Access
Prime Time
8:00PM to 11:00PM
Late News
11:00-11:30PM
Broadcast Programming
Late Fringe
11:30PM to 1:00 AM
Late Night/Post late-
Fringe
1:00AM
Graveyard Slot
2:00AM to 6:00AM
I. Technical standards and
operating requirements for MF
Broadcast Stations in the
Philippines
A. Definition of Terms
Medium Frequency Broadcast Station
An AM Broadcast Station licensed for aural or
sound transmissions intended for direct
reception by the general public and operated
in the MF band.
Medium Frequency Broadcast Band
The band of frequencies from 526.5 to 1705
kHz
Medium Frequency Broadcast Channel
The band of frequencies occupied by the
carrier and the 2 sidebands
A. Definition of Terms
Daytime
Period between 2200 Universal Time
Coordinates (UTC) to 1000 Universal Time
Coordinates (UTC) or (6:00AM to
6:00PM Standard Time)
Nightime
Period between 1000 Universal Time
Coordinates (UTC) to 2200 Universal
Time Coordinates (UTC) or (6:00PMto
6:00 AM Standard Time)
A. Definition of Terms
Experimental Period
Time between 12 midnight to 5:00AM
local standard time (1600 2100 UTC)
May be used for experimental, testing and
maintenance purposes, provided that no
interference is caused to other stations
maintaining a regular operating schedule
within such period.
B. Classification of Service Areas of a
Broadcast Station
Primary Service Area
Area in which the ground wave field of
1mV/m (60dBu) is not subject to
objectionable fading/interference
Secondary Service Area
Area served by the skywave and not subject
to objectionable interference
Subject to intermittent variations in
intensity
B. Classification of Service Areas of a
Broadcast Station
Intermittent Service Area
Area receiving service from the groundwave
but beyond the primary service area
Subject to interference and fading
C. Technical MF Broadcast Standards
MF band allocation
526.5 kHz 1705 kHz
Channel bandwidth
9 kHz
Number of AM Channels Available
131 Channels
Frequency Separation in any service area
36 kHz
D. Operating Requirements
Hours of Operation
Minimum Operating Schedule
2/3 of total hours that is authorized to
operate
the station may cease operation for a period
not exceeding 10 days
D. Operating Requirements
Broadcast/s outside of the authorized
operating schedules (e.g. before sign-on)
May be allowed without prior authorization,
provided that the program falls under an
emergency category or of very important
relevance to the stations existence
D. Operating Requirements
Permanent discontinuance of operations
Licensee shall notify the Authority in writing
at least 2 days before the actual
discontinuance is effective
E. Maximum Power Allocation
AREA MAXIMUM POWER (kW)
Metro Manila * 50
All other Areas 10
* Transmitters of Existing Metro Manila Stations
may be located outside Metro Manila. Provided,
Metro Manila remains within the 80 dBu contour of
the transmitter.
Station shall not operate more than 5% and not
lower than 10%of its authorized operating power
II. Technical standards and
operating requirements for FM
Broadcast Stations in the
Philippines
A. Definition of Terms
FM Broadcast Band
The band of frequencies from 88 MHz to 108
MHz
FM Broadcast Station
A station employing frequency modulation in
the FM Broadcast band and intended to be
received by the general public.
FM Broadcast Channel
A band of frequencies of 200 kHz wide,
designated by its center frequency
B. Classes of FM Broadcast Stations
Class A Station
Authorized transmitter power <= 25 kW
Minimum transmitter power = 10 kW
Effective Radiated Power (ERP) < =125 kW
Ave. antenna height <= 2000ft above ave.
terrain
Shall only be allowed in Metro Manila and
Metro-Cebu
B. Classes of FM Broadcast Stations
Class B Station
Authorized transmitter power <= 10 kW
Minimum transmitter power = 1 kW
Effective Radiated Power (ERP) <= 30 kW
Ave. antenna height <= 500ft above ave.
terrain
Implemented in areas not covered by Class A
B. Classes of FM Broadcast Stations
Class C Station
Authorized ERP <= 1kW
For Non-commercial, community station
Class D Station
authorized transmitter power <= 10W
Where educational stations are allowed to
operate
NOTE:
All classes of FM stations shall be protected
to the 1mV/m contour or 60dBu contour
C. Technical FM Broadcast Standards
FM band allocation
88 MHz to 108 MHz
Channel bandwidth
200 kHz per channel
Number of AM Channels Available
100 Channels (Starting at 88.1 MHz)
Minimum Frequency Separation in any
service area
800 kHz
III. Technical standards and
operating requirements for
Television in the Philippines
A. Definition of Terms
Television Broadcast Band
54 to 72 MHz (Channel 2 through 4)
76 to 88 MHz (Channels 5 & 6)
174 to 216 MHz (Channels 7 -13)
470 to 890 MHz (Channels 14 83)
Television Broadcast Station
A station in the broadcasting service
transmitting simultaneously visual and aural
signals intended to be received by the general
public.
A. Definition of Terms
Television Channel
A band of frequencies 6 MHz wide in the
television broadcast band
Designated either by channel number or
extreme lower and upper frequencies.
B. General Operating Requirements
Hours of Operation
Minimum regular program operating
schedule:
Not less than 2 hours daily for 5 broadcast days per
week, and:
not less than a total of 12 hours per week during
1
st
18 months of operation
Not less than a total of 16 hrs., 20 hrs., and 24
hrs., per week for each successive 6month
period of operation
Not less than 2 hours daily for 7 broadcast days per
week, and not less than a total of 20 hrs. per week
thereafter
Quiz
1. A TV program airing at 8pm every Mondays to
Fridays contains graphic scene of rape and
violence. The program, despite its content and
theme, is rated only G. Evaluate the TV
program, and its implications to the young
viewers according to the code of ethics
stipulated in the KBP TV code.

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