Name: Lyric Turner

Chapter 2 Section 1 Outline

I. Ecology
Organisms depend on other organisms and non-living factors in their
environment for survival.
Ecology is the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living
organisms and the interactions the organisms have with their environments are
studied.
Ecologist observe, experiment, and model using a variety of tools and methods.
II. The Biosphere
Biosphere is the portion of the Earth that supports life.
Includes landmasses, freshwater, and the atmosphere.
A. Biotic Factors
Biotic Factors are living factors in an organisms environment.
Interactions among organisms are necessary for the survival of species in the
same geographic location.
B. Abiotic Factors
Abiotic Factors are the non-living factors in an organisms
environment.
Organisms adapt to survive in the abiotic factors present in their natural
environment.
III. Levels of Organization
The biosphere is to large and complex to study as a whole
Ecologist divide the biosphere into levels of organisms to study
The levels of organizations are:
Organisms
Population
Biological community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
The levels increase in complexity as the numbers and interactions between
organisms increase.
A. Organisms, populations, and biological communities
The lowest level of organization is a individual organism
Organisms of a single species that share the same location at the same time
is a population.
Biological community is a group of interacting populations that occupy
the same area at the same time.
B. Ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere
Ecosystems is a biological community and all of abiotic factors that affect
it.
Biome is a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have
similar types of communities.
IV. Ecosystem Interactions
Habitat is an area where an organism lives.
Niche is the role or position that an organism have in its environment.
V. Community Interactions
A. Competition
Occurs when more than one organism use a research at the same time
Completion is stronger when resources are scarce
B. Predation
Predation is the act of one organism pursing and consuming another
organism for food.
The organism that purses the other in the predator the organism being
purses is the prey.
C. Symbiotic relationships
Symbioses is the close relationship that exist when two or more species live
together
There are three type:
Mutualism both organisms are benefit
Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other is neither
helped nor harmed.
Parasitism- one organism benefits at the expense of the other.