Wed, 09 April 2014

Guidelines for the acceptable ranges of flow velocity for various fluids found in a sugar
factory
Goodall
Velocity [m/s]
Water for space heating 2 4
Water for boiler feed 3 6
Saturated steam 30 50
Superheated steam 50 100
Hugot
Velocity [m/s]
Superheated steam 40 76
Saturated steam 24 37
Exhaust (wet/oily) 31 46
Bled vapour 37 49
Vapour under vacuum 46 76
Suction
Water 1 1.25
Juice 1 1.2
Syrup 0.5 1
Molasses 0.25 0.5
Massecuites 0.1 0.2
Delivery
Water 1.25 2.5
Juice 1.2 2
Syrup 0.75 1.25
Molasses 0.5 0.75
Massecuites 0.15 0.3
SUGAR PRICE
01 Apr 2014
White
$/tonne 458.50
01 Apr 2014
Raw
/lb 17.18
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Lyle
Velocity [m/s]
Water 1.22 2.44
Superheated steam 46 61
Dry saturated steam 31 40
Wet exhaust steam 21 31
Moderate vacuum water vapour 46 61
High vacuum water vapour 61 107
Babcock & Wilcox
Velocity [m/s]
High pressure steam 41 61
Low pressure steam 61 76
Water general 2.54 3.81
From a source on the i nternet
Maximal velocity in pipes
Water m/s ft/s
Tap water (low noise)
0.5 -
0.7
1.6 -8.2
Tap water
1.0 -
2.5
3.3 -
8.2
Cooling water
1.5 -
2.5
4.9 -
8.2
Boiler feed water. suction
0.5 -
1.0
1.6 -
3.3
Boiler feed water. discharge
1.5 -
2.5
4.9 -
8.2
Condensate
1.0 -
2.0
3.3 -
6.5
Heating circulation
1.0 -
3.0
3.3 -
9.8
Steam m/s ft/s
Saturated Steam. high pressure 25 - 40
82 -
131
Saturated Steam. in special cases - 60 - 197
Saturated Steam. medium and low pressure 30-40
99 -
131
Saturated Steam. at peak load - 50 - 164
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Steam / Water emulsion - 25 - 82
Oil m/s ft/s
Suction lines for pumps - 0.5 -1.6
Suction lines for pump (low pressure)
0.1 -
0.2
0.3 -
0.65
Discharge line for booster pump
1.0 -
2.0
3.3 -
6.5
Discharge line for burner pump - 1.0 - 3.3
Air m/s ft/s
Combustion air ducts 12 - 20 40 - 66
Air inlet to boiler room 1 - 3
3.3 -
9.8
Warm air for house heating
0.8 -
1.0
2.6 -
3.3
Vacuum cleaning pipe 8 - 15 26 - 49
Compressed air pipe 20 - 30 66 - 98
Ventilation ducts (hospitals) 1.8 - 4 5.9 - 13
Ventilation ducts (office buildings)
2.0 -
4.5
6.5 - 15
Exhaust gas m/s ft/s
Ducts at minimum load - 4.0 - 13
Stack at minimum load - 5.0 - 16
Boiler with one-step burner (on - off)
5.0 -
8.0
16 - 26
Boiler with two-step burner (high - low) 10 - 15 31 - 49
Boiler with modulating burner (3:1) 15 - 25 49 - 82
To keep the surface free from soot the
velocity should always exceed
3.0 -
4.0
9.8 - 13
It is recommended that the maximum inlet velocities
applied to control valves should be as shown in the
tables below.
Gate Valve Size Liquid Steam or Gas
mm m/s ft/s m/s ft/s
15 - 25 9 30 120 400
40 - 50 7.5 25 90 300
65 - 100 6 20 75 250
150 - 200 6 20 70 225
250 - 400 4.5 15 55 175
Sugar - Fluid Flow Velocities http://www.sugartech.co.za/piping/fluidflow/
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Angle Valves Size Liquid Steam or Gas
mm m/s ft/s m/s ft/s
15 - 25 13.5 45 135 450
40 - 50 12 40 105 350
65 - 100 10.5 35 90 300
150 - 200 9 30 85 275
250 - 400 7.5 25 70 225
References
Goodall, Efficient Use of Steam, pg 192 Table 9.5
Hugot, Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering, pg 1058 Table 47.6 and pg 1123 Table
45.2
Lyle, Efficient Use of Steam, pg 132 Table XXVII
Babcock & Wilcox, Steam: Its Generation and Usage
http://www.steamesteem.com/index.html?tables
Sugar - Fluid Flow Velocities http://www.sugartech.co.za/piping/fluidflow/
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