Thesis Paper

on
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY
AND ITS MARKETING STRATEGIES
S!"#i$$e% "&
'''(ASSIGNMENTPOINT(COM
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
C,APTER -(.(
INTRODUCTION
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
-(- In$ro%!+$ion/
Te0e+o##!ni+a$ion Se+$or in Ban*0a%esh/ The liberalization of Bangladeshs
telecommunications sector began with small steps in 1989 with the issuance of a
license to a private operator for the provision of inter alia cellular mobile services to
compete with the previous monopoly provider of telecommunications services the
Ban*0a%esh Te0e*raph an% Te0ephone Boar% 1BTTB2. Significant changes in the
number of fied and mobile services deployed in Bangladesh occurred in the late
199!s and the numbers of services in operation have subse"uently grown
eponentially in the past five years. The incentives both from government and public
sectors have helped to grow this sector. #t is now one of the biggest sectors of
Bangladesh. $s a populous country% its huge mar&et has attracted many foreign
investors to invest in this sector. The telecom sector in Bangladesh is rapidly
emerging. Ban*0a%esh Te0e+o##!ni+a$ion Re*!0a$or& Co##ission 1BTRC2 is the
regulatory authority for this sector% overseeing licensing% policy etc. There are 1!
types of telecom operators in Bangladesh. There are ' mobile phone operators in
Bangladesh. These are( )rameenphone *td.( Branded as )rameenphone% Sheba
Telecom *td.( Branded as Banglalin&% $iata Bangladesh *td( Branded as +obi%
,acific Bangladesh Telephone *td.( Branded as -itycell% $irtel Bangla *td. Branded
as $irtel% Teletal& Bangladesh *td.( Branded as Teletal&
The number of mobile phone subscribers in Bangladesh as of .ebruary /!!9 was
01./1 million%

rising to 2'.03 million at the end of 4une /!11.The problems of
telecommunication sector are costing% networ&% confusing offer% internet service%
-hange of )overnment ,olicy Time to Time% Bureaucracy ,roblem% technological
,roblem% Bandwidth *imitation% *ac& of *ocal 5ntrepreneur% Technological
6ependency% *ac& of ,roper Supervision% 7isuse of 89#,% )lass -eiling Barrier by
)overnment 9wned .irm% Barriers to 5ntry% Threat from Substitute ,roducts%
$ggressive S7S and :etwor& 6isturbance. The prospects of telecommunication
sector are unsaturated #ndustry% ,otential 5arning Source of )overnment +evenue%
6ensity of ,opulation ;<ser=% 6eveloping 5conomy ;S75=% .uture ,robability of
$dopting >igh *evel Technology% 5mployment )eneration% -omplete
-ommunication ,ac&age% 7ore 8alue $dded Services% Bargaining ,ower of
Suppliers% Bargaining ,ower of -ustomers and ,otential 5ntrants.Segmentation%
target mar&et% positioning and mar&eting mi of telecommunication sector are
analyzed in this part. The aim of the study of this thesis report is to analyze the
problems and prospects of telecommunication sector and as well as to analyze the
mar&eting strategy of telecom operators of this country.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
-(3 O"4e+$i5e/ The ob?ectives of the study are as follows(
Spe+i6i+ o"4e+$i5e/
To present an overview of telecommunication sector in Bangladesh.
To present the practical problem that general people are facing day@by@day.
To find out the specific prospect of telecommunication sector in Bangladesh.
To highlight the telecommunication sector scenario of the country.
To present the ma?or findings that # have gathered through thesis program and
preparing the report
To recommend the actions that should be ta&en by the industry to improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of its performance.
To find out the mar&eting strategies.
-(7 Me$ho%o0o*&/
Secondary data are collected basically from 4ournals% Brochures% $nnual +eports%
,apers% 7agazines% ,ublications% Boo&s% and others form of publications as well as
websites. # have analyzed the data using my own ?udgments.
-(8 Li#i$a$ions o6 $he S$!%&/
#n conducting the study% some problems were created. They are as follows(
There is no structured data for study.
*ac& of practical s&ills.
6uring my thesis program up to date information was not published.
The time of this study was very inade"uate to obtain depth &nowledge in every
company.
The companys officials though helpful in every respect do not have much
time to eplain the internal procedures.
-onfidentiality of data was another important barrier that was faced during the
conduct of this study.
9bserving and analyzing the broad performance of an industry is not an easy
?ob by this short duration of time ;only three months=.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
C,APTER 3(.(
985+8#5A 9.
T>5 #:6<ST+B
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
3(- ,is$or& o6 Te0e+o##!ni+a$ion/
Watson, come here: I want you. This was the first message ever transmitted
from one place to another% through a device called telephone. $merican genius%
$leander )raham Bell ;1802@19//= along with his assistant Thomas Aatson
invented the device. #t was 7arch 1!% 182'% an important day for human civilization%
the first step towards developing means of communication. Aeve come a long way
since then.
Today% telephone is a part of our everyday life. :owadays% the phone is not
only used for ma&ing calls% among many other functions its used for communicating
through tet@messages and so called multi@media messages% as well as to connect us to
the internet.
The liberalization of Bangladeshs telecommunications sector began with
small steps in 1989 with the issuance of a license to a private operator for the
provision of inter alia cellular mobile services to compete with the previous monopoly
provider of telecommunications services the Ban*0a%esh Te0e*raph an% Te0ephone
Boar% 1BTTB2. Significant changes in the number of fied and mobile services
deployed in Bangladesh occurred in the late 199!s and the numbers of services in
operation have subse"uently grown eponentially in the past five years. The
incentives both from government and public sectors have helped to grow this sector. #t
is now one of the biggest sectors of Bangladesh. $s a populous country% its huge
mar&et has attracted many foreign investors to invest in this sector.
The telecom sector in Bangladesh is rapidly emerging. Ban*0a%esh
Te0e+o##!ni+a$ion Re*!0a$or& Co##ission 1BTRC2 is the regulatory authority
for this sector% overseeing licensing% policy etc.
3(3 Mi0es$one o6 Te0e+o# se+$or in Ban*0a%esh/ *andmar&s in the history of
telecom industry in Bangladesh are as follows.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
1813( Telegraph branch under ,osts and Telegraph 6epartment% British #ndia.
1921( +econstructed as Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone 6epartment
under 7inistry of ,osts and Telecommunications.
1921( +econstructed as Telegraph and Telephone Board.
1929( +econstructed as Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board ;BTTB=
with right to issue license for telecom and wireless services.
1981( 6igital Tele 5change in Bangladesh.
1983( $utomatic 6igital #TC started in 6ha&a.
1981( -oinbo Telephone service introduced in Bangladesh by BTTB.
1989( )5:T5C Telegraph messaging service introduced in Bangladesh.
1989( Bangladesh +ural Telecom $uthority got license to operate echanges
in /!! upazilla.
1989( Sheba Telecom got license to operate echange is 199 upazilla.
1989( -ellular mobile phone company ,acific Bangladesh Telephone *imited
and Bangladesh Telecom got license.
1991( -ard Telephone service introduced in Bangladesh by BTTB and TSS.
1991( +egulatory power of BTTB transferred to 7inistry ;7o,T=.
1991( /nd and 3rd #TC installed in 6ha&a.
199'( )rameen,hone got cellular mobile Telephone license.
199'( Telecom 7alaysia #nternational Bangladesh got cellular mobile license.
1998( Telecom ,olicy.
/!!!( )lobal Telecom Service ;)TS= Tele 5change venture with British
Teleco.
/!!1( Telecommunication $ct% to establish Bangladesh Telecommunication
+egulatory -ommission ;BT+-=.
/!!/( #-T ,olicy.
/!!0( Teletal& cellular mobile launched.
/!!1( 5gypt@based 9rascom ac"uired Sheba Telecom.
/!!'( :): introduced in BTTB.
/!!8( BTTB converted into Bangladesh Telecommunications -ompany
*imited ;BT-*= with 1!!D shares owned by )overnment.
/!!8( 4apanese :TT 6o-o7o bought 3! percent sta&e in $&tel.
/!!9( Bharti $irtel ac"uired 2! percent sta&e in Aarid Telecom.
/!!9( #nternet ,rotocol Telephony Service ,rovider ;#,TS,= 9perators
launched.
3(7 Te0e+o# Opera$or in Ban*0a%esh/
There are different types of telecom operator in Bangladesh. Those are as
follows(
1. ,ST:
/. 7obile ,hone 9perators
3. *ong 6istance 9perators
0. #nternet ,rotocol Telephony Service ,rovider ;#,TS,= 9perators
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
1. +adio
'. Television
2. #nternet
8. Broadband #nternet $ccess
9. #nternational and
1!. Submarine cables
-( PSTN/ The ,ST: or fied operators in Bangladesh are(
a= BT-* ;former BTTB=
b= ,eoples Telecommunication and #nformation Services *td.
c= Tele Barta *td. E branded under the name 4ubo& phone
d= 4alalabad Telecom *td. E branded under the name Bi?oy ,hone
e= 9netel -ommunication *td.
f= :ational Telecom *td.
g= Aestec *td.
h= 6ha&a Telephone -o. *td.
i= #ntegrated Services *imited ;#S*= E branded under the name Sheba ,hone
?= S.$ Telecom System *td.
&= Banglaphone *td.
The number of ,ST: subscribers in Bangladesh as of .ebruary /!!9 was 1.32/
million.
3( Mo"i0e Phone Opera$ors/
There are ' mobile phone operators in Bangladesh. These are(
1. )rameenphone *td.( Branded as )rameenphone
/. Sheba Telecom *td.( Branded as Banglalin&
3. $iata Bangladesh *td( Branded as +obi
0. ,acific Bangladesh Telephone *td.( Branded as -itycell
1. $irtel Bangla *td. Branded as $irtel
'. Teletal& Bangladesh *td.( Branded as Teletal&
The number of mobile phone subscribers in Bangladesh as of .ebruary /!!9 was
01./1 million%

rising to 2'.03 million at the end of 4une /!11.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
7( Lon* Dis$an+e Opera$ors/
9n .ebruary /1% /!!8 the Bangladesh Telecommunications +egulatory -ommission
awarded licenses for two #nterconnection 5changes ;#-C=% three #nternational
)ateways ;#)w=% and one #nternational #nternet )ateway ;##)= to si firms through an
open auction in .ebruary /!!8. The incumbent BTTB got the same licenses too. >ere
is the list of all operators(
International Gateway (IGW) Operators
1. Bangla Trac -ommunications *imited
/. 7ir Telecom
3. :ovotel *imited
0. BT-*
Interconnection Exchange (I!) operators
1. )etco Telcommunications *td.
/. 7F> Teletcom *td.
3. BT-*
International Internet Gateway (IIG) Operator
1. 7ango Teleservices *imited
/. BT-*
8( In$erne$ Pro$o+o0 Te0ephon& Ser5i+e Pro5i%er 1IPTSP2 Opera$ors/
The #,TS, operators in Bangladesh are(
:ationwide(
1. >+- Technologies *imited ;)5T-9 9nline *td.=
/. 5irtel Bangladesh *imited.
3. #nformation Services :etwor& *imited
0. $gni Systems *td.
1. #nnovative 9nline *imited
'. 6ha&acom *imited
2. -onnect B6 *td.
8. 6igital -onnectivity *imited
9. BTS -ommunications ;B6= *td
1!. +oyal )reen 9nline *imited
11. )lobal $ccess *imited
1/. $ccess Telecom ;B6= *td.
13. +an&s #TT *td.
10. B6-97 9nline *td.
11. Broad Band Telecom Services *imited
1'. *in& 3 Technologies *td
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
12. B+$- :et *imited
18. 7etro net Bangladesh *imited
19. -ommunication 9ne ;,vt.= *imited
/!. Telnet -ommunication *imited
/1. C@:et *imited
//. Bangladesh #nternet 5change *imited
/3. :reach :et ;,vt.= *imited
/0. $dvanced 6ata :etwor&s System *imited
/1. $&i? 9nline *imited
/'. Bangladesh 5port #mport -ompany *imited
/2. #6S Bangladesh
/8. #S ,+9S *#7#T56
/9. #dea :etwor&s and -ommunications *td
3!. ,ritty #nternational ;,vt= *imited
31. $&ceycom *imited
-entral(
1. )rameen -ybernet *imited
/. .usion :et
3. 7Gs. 7edia F 7ultimedia
0. :et 9nline *imited
1. 4 . 9ptical Services
'. #T -onnect *imited
2. Sine@1! ;B6= *td.
8. S$6#$T5- *td.
Honal(
1. -hittagong 9nline *imited
/. -hittagong Telecom Services *imited
3. >: T5*5-97
9n $ugust 18% /!!9 the Bangladesh Telecommunications +egulatory -ommission
awarded licenses for #,TS,. #,TS, operators are regulated by the BT+-.
9( Ra%io/
Ra%io "roa%+as$ s$a$ions/ $7 1/% .7 1/% shortwave /% community radio 1% internet
radios
Ra%ios/ '.11 million ;1992=
The government owned Betar@+adio Bangladesh operates from 6ha&a and other local
districts. -urrently% the private .7 radio channels are very popular. They are trying to
attract young people by broadcasting music and news. The operating private radio
channels include(
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
+adio Today .7
+adio .oorti .7
+adio $mar .7
+adio 7etrowave
$B- +adio
:( Te0e5ision/
Television broadcast stations( 1' ;1999=.
Televisions( 22!%!!! ;1992=.
The number of private satellite channels is growing. The first private channel in
Bangladesh was $T: Bangla.
;( In$erne$/
The first connectivity of internet was only in 199'. Though #t was somewhat late%
over the past few years the growth is rapid. The governmentIs high internet tariff is
impeding the growth of this sector. +ecently the government is decided to reduce the
tariff 1!D.
In$erne$ +o!n$r& +o%e/ .bd
In$erne$ Ser5i+e Pro5i%ers 1ISPs2/ $s of /!!1 more than 18! #nternet Service
,roviders are operating in the country. #S,Is are regulated by the Bangladesh
telecommunication regulatory commission ;BT+-=.
In$erne$ !sers/ The number of internet users in Bangladesh as of 7arch /!!9 is over
'!!%!!! compared to 1!!%!!! in /!!!. >owever% only !.3D of the population use the
internet and thus ma&ing Bangladesh the lowest usage percentage per population of
the internet in the world with the eception of :orth Jorea% 7yanmar and Sierra
*eone.
But on $pril% /!1! $&htaruzzaman 7an?u% president of #nternet Service ,rovidersI
$ssociation of Bangladesh% told Cinhua that the countryIs si cell phone operators and
#nternet Service ,roviders have so far provided over 8!!%!!! internet connections.
KAeIve estimated that nearly 1! million people in the country are using 8!!%!!!
internet connections on sharing basis%K he said% adding the number of internet users in
the country is increasing yearly by around 11E1' percent.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
The number of #nternet subscribers in Bangladesh is li&ely to reach 18.3 million by
the year /!/! translating to a 3/ percent household #nternet penetration at around the
same timeL% says a study by an international research group.
MThis increased internet penetration would resulted in /.' per cent contribution to the
countrys )6, by /!/! while creating 1/9 thousand more ?obs by the same yearL the
research added.
<( Broa%"an% In$erne$ A++ess/
Though broadband internet access is available it charges high for high speed
connection than other south $sian countries% though this is rapidly changing.
Broadband internet and e@commerce in Bangladesh is slowly progressing. Ai7$C
service is now available from some internet service providers. #n Bangladesh
Broa%"an% is legally defined as 1/8G1/8 &bitGs% which is not in line with #T<.
Therefore most of the Broadband internet services and also subscribers are using
bandwidth that may not be considered a broadband in other countries and may not be
broadband in international standards.
=( In$erna$iona0/
There are ' satellite earth stations. Talimabad% Betbunia are two of them. Some info
shows that the number is now 2.
-.( S!"#arine Ca"0es/
S5$@75@A5 0 or South@5ast $sia E 7iddle 5ast E Aestern 5urope 0. The landing
site is -oIs Bazar% Bangladesh.
3(8 Shor$ Pro6i0e o6 Mo"i0e Phone Opera$ors/
There are si mobile phone operators in our country. -ompanys short profile are as
follows.
3(8(- Gra#eenphone L$%( Bran%e% as Gra#eenphone/
Type *imited
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
#ndustry 7obile Telecommunication
.ounded 1992
>ead"uarters ),>9<S5% Basundhara% Baridhara% 6ha&a@1//9. Bangladesh
Jey people Tore 4ohnsen% -59
,roducts Telephony% 56)5% )S7
+evenue 8917illion <S6
:et income '%0!3.8 7illion Ta&a
,arent Telenor 11.8D% )rameen Telecom 30./D F ,ublic 1!D
Aebsite www.grameenphone.com
Gra#eenphone widely &nown as ), is the leading telecommunications service
provider in Bangladesh. Aith more than 3/ million subscribers ;as of 4une /!11=%
)rameenphone is the largest cellular operator in the country. #t is a ?oint venture
enterprise between Telenor and )rameen Telecom -orporation% a non@profit sister
concern of the internationally acclaimed microfinance organization and community
development ban& )rameen Ban&. Telenor% the largest telecommunications company
in :orway% owns 11.8D shares of )rameenphone% )rameen Telecom owns 30./D and
the remaining 1!D is publicly held.
)rameenphone was the first company to introduce )S7 technology in Bangladesh.

#t
also established the first /0@hour -all -enter to support its subscribers. Aith the
slogan "tay lose% stated goal of )rameenphone is to provide affordable telephony to
the entire population of Bangladesh.
,is$or&/
The idea of providing universal mobile phone access throughout Bangladesh%
including its rural areas% was originally conceived by #"bal Nuadir% who is currently
the founder and director of the *egatum -enter for 6evelopment and
5ntrepreneurship at 7#T. >e was inspired by the )rameen Ban& microcredit model
and envisioned a business model where a cell phone can serve as a source of income.
$fter leaving his ?ob as an investment ban&er in the <nited States% Nuadir traveled
bac& to Bangladesh% after meeting and successfully raising money from :ew Bor&
based investor and philanthropist 4oshua 7ailman% and wor&ed for three years gaining
support from various organizations including :obel ,eace ,rize laureate 7uhammad
Bunus of )rameen Ban& and the :orwegian telephone company% Telenor. >e was
finally successful in forming a consortium with Telenor and )rameen Ban& to
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
establish )rameenphone. Nuadir remained a shareholder of )rameenphone until
/!!0.
)rameenphone received a license for cellular phone operation in Bangladesh from the
7inistry of ,osts and Telecommunications on :ovember /8% 199'. )rameenphone
started operations on 7arch /'% 1992% the #ndependence 6ay in Bangladesh.
)rameenphone originally offered a mobile@to@mobile connectivity ;widely &nown as
),@), connection=% which created a lot of enthusiasm among the users. #t became the
first operator to reach the million subscriber milestone as well as fourty million
subscriber milestone in Bangladesh.
Chrono0o*&/
:ovember /8% 199'( Gra#eenphone L$%. received cellular license by the
7inistry of ,osts and Telecommunications of Bangladesh.
7arch /'% 1992( )rameenphone launched its service on the #ndependence 6ay
of Bangladesh.
4une 1998( )rameenphone started its services in -hittagong% the second
largest city and the port city of Bangladesh. -ell to cell coverage between
6ha&a@-hittagong was established.
1999( )rameenphone started its service in Jhulna% the industrial city of
Bangladesh. $lso cell to cell coverage between 6ha&a and Jhulna brought a
number of other districts under coverage.
/!!!( )rameenphone started its services in +a?shahi% the education city of
Bangladesh. Service also started in Sylhet and Barisal and thus all si
divisional head"uarters got the cellular networ& coverage for the first time
Bangladesh.
$ugust /!!3( )rameenphoneIs subscribes base has become more than one
million. )rameenphone became the first operator in the country to reach the
million subscribers.
:ovember /!!1( )rameenphone registered more than 1 million subscribers.
:ovember 1% /!!'( )rameenphone crosses the 1! million subscriber mar&
after almost ten years of operation.
September /!% /!!2( )rameenphone reaches 11 million subscribers mar&.
4une /!!8( )rameenphone reaches /! million subscribers landmar&.
Ne$)or> /
$ccording to )rameenphone% it has so far invested more than B6T 1!%2!! crore
;<S6 1.' billion= to build the networ& infrastructure since 1992. #t has invested over
B6T 3%1!! crore ;<S6 01! million= during the first three "uarters of /!!2 while B6T
/%1!! crore ;<S6 31! million= was invested in /!!' alone.
)rameenphone has built the largest cellular networ& in the country with over 1!%!!!
base stations in more than 12!! locations. ,resently% nearly 98 percent of the countryIs
population is within the coverage area of the )rameenphone networ&.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
The entire )rameenphone networ& is also 56)5G),+S enabled% allowing access to
dial@up "uality speed #nternet and data services from anywhere within the coverage
area. There are currently nearly 3 million 56)5G),+S users in the )rameenphone
networ&.
Pro%!+$s o66ere%/ )rameenphone offering the following products in Bangladesh.
Mo"i0e Te0ephon&/ )rameenphone was the first operator to introduce the pre@
paid mobile phone service in Bangladesh in September 1999. #t offers the pre@paid
subscription under the name 5asy ,repaid which is currently called ?s#i0e prepai%?.
Besides smile% )rameenphone also offers a youth based mobile to mobile connectivity
within Bangladesh named d?uiceI.
)rameenphone also offers postpaid mobile service. @p0ore Pos$pai% is the name of
its post paid service.
O$her Ser5i+es/
#nternet( )rameenphone provides internet service in its coverage area. $s it
has 56)5G),+S enabled networ&% any subscriber can access to internet
through this networ&. )rameenphone was the first mobile operator in
Bangladesh to offer 56)5 services to its subscribers.
Bill,ay( $ service to enable users to pay their utility bills 5lectricityG)as
through mobile.
-ellBazaar( Services to enable users sells or buy products through mobile or
internet.
8arious other services li&e Stoc& #nformation% #nstant 7essaging% S7S Based
$lertsGServices% 8oice@based Services% 6ownloads% 7usic% -ric&et <pdates%
Aeb S7S% and 7obile Bac&up etc.
O$her A+$i5i$ies/
8illage phone
)rameenphone -enters
-ommunity #nformation -entre
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Awards:
1. )rameenphone received the G"# in the ommunity $war% at the global )S7
-ongress held in -annes% .rance in .ebruary /!!! for its 8illage ,hone
initiative.
/. #n /!!/% )rameenphone was ad?udged the &est 'oint (enture Enterprise o) the
*ear at the Bangladesh Business $wards.
3. )rameenphone was presented with the G"# $ssociation+s Glo,al #o,ile
$war% for OBest use of 7obile for Social and 5conomic 6evelopmentI under
Bridging the digital divide category at the 3)S7 Aorld -ongress held in
Singapore% in 9ctober /!!'% for its -ommunity #nformation -enter ;-#-=
pro?ect.
0. #n the net year% /!!2% )rameenphone was again presented with the same
award for its P>ealth*ine ServiceI at the 3)S7 Aorld -ongress held in
Barcelona% Spain% in .ebruary.
3(8(3( She"a Te0e+o# L$%(/ Bran%e% as Ban*0a0in>/
Type Subsidiary
#ndustry Telecommunication
.ounded :ovember% 199'
$rea served '0 6istricts of Bangladesh.
>ead"uarters Tiger >ouse% >ouse Q SA;>=!0% )ulshan $venue% )ulshan 7odel
Town% 6ha&a% Bangladesh.
Jey people 76 and -59.
,roducts Telephony and ),+S.
,arent 9rascom Telecom.
Aebsite www.banglalin&gsm.com
Ban*0a0in> is the second largest cellular service provider in Bangladesh after
)rameenphone. $s of :ovember% /!!9% Banglalin& has a subscriber base of 1/.99
million. #t is a wholly owned subsidiary of 9rascom Telecom.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Banglalin& had 1.!3 million connections until 6ecember% /!!1. The number of
Banglalin& users increased by /12 percent and stood at 3.'0 million at the end of
/!!'% ma&ing it the fastest growing operator in the world of that year. #n $ugust%
/!!'% Banglalin& became the first company to provide free incoming calls from
BTTB for both postpaid and prepaid connections. 9n $ugust /!% /!!8% Banglalin& got
past the landmar& of 1! million subscriber base.
,is$or& o6 Ban*0a0in>/
Sheba Telecom ;,8T *td=@after tal&ing lots@ finally was granted license in 1989 to
operate in the rural areas of 199 upazilas. *ater it obtained )S7 license in 199' to
etend its business to cellular mobile% radio telephone services. #t launched operation
in the last "uarter of 1992 as a Bangladesh@7alaysia ?oint venture.
#n 4uly% /!!0% it was reported that 5gypt based 9rascom Telecom is set to purchase
the 7alaysian sta&es in Sheba Telecom through a hush@hush deal% as Sheba had failed
to tap the business potentials in Bangladesh mainly due to a chronic feud between its
7alaysian and Bangladeshi partners. $n agreement was reached with 9rascom worth
<SR/1 million was finalized in secret. The pact has been &ept secret for legal reasons%
considering financial fallout and because of the feud.
The main reason for the undercover dealing was the ?oint venture agreement between
the Bangladeshi and the 7alaysian partners% which dictates that if any party sells its
Sheba shares% the other party will en?oy the first right to buy that.
#ntegrated Services *td. ;#S*=% the Bangladeshi partner% was being Oofficially shown
as purchasing the shares held by Technology +esources #ndustries ;T+#= of 7alaysia
for R11 million. #S* then paid another R1! million to Standard -hartered Ban& to
settle ShebaIs liabilities.
#n September% /!!0% 9rascom Telecom >oldings purchased 1!!D of the shares of
Sheba Telecom ;,vt.= *imited ;MShebaL=. #t was ac"uired for <SR'! million. Sheba
had a base of 19%!!! users% of whom 09%!!! were regular when it was sold. $fterward
it was re@branded and launched its services under the MBanglalin&L brand on .ebruary
1!% /!!1. Banglalin&s license is a nationwide 11@year )S7 license and will epire in
:ovember% /!11.
#n 7arch% /!!8% Sheba Telecom ;,vt.= *imited changed its name as 9rascom Telecom
Bangladesh *imited% matching its parent company name.
Pro%!+$s o66ere%/
-( Prepai% pa+>a*es
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Banglalin& currently offers two prepaid plans. $ll the prepaid plans come in two
phasesSStandard ;TFT incoming and outgoing with :A6 and #S6= and 7/7. $ll
connections provide ),+S to subscribers.
%esh% with the slogan E- %esh E- .ate/ ;means one country one rate/=% is one
of the cheapest prepaid plans in the country by tariff. <sers of desh can call
any mobile operator at !.01 ta&a ;ecluding 8$T= during 1/ $7 to 1 ,7. #t
also has three .n. numbers. desh was launched on September 10% /!!'.
%esh ran* is launched as a brand etension to enrich the brand of desh. .ang
is a Bengali word which means color. #t is introduced with the catch phraseS
.angiye 0in $pnar 'ee,on ;means color your li)e.=. This pac&age is beneficial
for customers who mainly ma&e calls to their own networ& and are heavy
S7S users. #t offers four on@net .n. numbers% but no off@net .n. number.
For#er Pa+>a*es(
Re*!0ar prepai% was the first pac&age Banglalin& had to offer. #t is currently
unavailable in the mar&et.
La%iesA 6irs$B% with the slogan "hompor-er 1etwor- ;means networ- o)
relationships=% was tailored for women. #t was launched on September 3% /!!1.
#t had introduced 1 second pulse for the first time in the prepaid mar&et. #t
offered four .n. numbers. #t is currently unavailable in the mar&et.
"e 0in>e%B was launched on :ovember 1'% /!!1. #t was later ta&en over by
desh pac&age as all the be lin&edT -ustomers were automatically migrated to
desh.
3( Pos$Cpai% pa+>a*es/
-urrently there are three postpaid plans from Banglalin& for its tail customers. These
pac&ages are &nown as en$erprise persona0% which is a subset of much larger
Banglalin& enterprise. $ll pac&ages come with TFT local% :A6% #S6 and e@#S6
connectivity.
Persona0 pa+>a*e -
Persona0 s!pp0e#en$ar&
Persona0 +a00 an% +on$ro0
For#er Pa+>a*es(
Upper +0ass% a post@paid platform% was launched on 4uly 31% /!!1. #t was
mainly targeting slightly upscale consumers. upper class was &nown for
offering purple carpet treatment to its clients% giving special attention with
separate counters at sales and customer care centers and a dedicated hotline. #t
had numerous pac&ages under two different tariff plansStailor ma%e and
ma%e to measure. #n addition to those% it introduced a hybrid product named
+a00 an% +on$ro0 designed to offer the value of post@paid with the control of
prepaid. *ater enterprise personal too& control of upper class.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
7( Ban*0a0in> en$erprise
Ban*0a0in> en$erprise

offers a wide range of products and services to suit the needs
of the business community. -ompanies under the enterprise pac&age are provided
with a dedicated enterprise relationship manager who provides them with
personalized customer care round the cloc&. 9ther benefits of enterprise include
customized pac&ages with attractive call charges and connection price% enterprise
S7S broadcast% enterprise short code% international roaming% missed call alerts% free
voice mail retrieval% fa and data service% call conferencing% special offer for family
members and many more. #t was first launched in 6ecember% /!!'. The current
pac&ages are(
en$erprise +orpora$eU targeted at the corporate segment
en$erprise SMEU targeted at the S75 segment
en$erprise persona0
,rior to the launch of Banglalin& enterprise% Banglalin& served the business clientele
through a similar platform named Ban*0a0in> pro6essiona0.
Ban*0a0in> C!s$o#er Care/
Banglalin& delivers customer care using its call centers and customer care networ&s.
-urrently Banglalin& provides customer care services to its clients through(
Ban*0a0in> sa0es D +are +en$res
Ban*0a0in> poin$s are aimed at providing a complete mobile solution%
connections% handsets% accessories and provide selected customer services li&e
S#7 replacement% reconnection% bill payment etc. They are strategically
located at &ey points around the country. Jallol )roup% a local distribution
company% had partnered with Banglalin& to operate at least forty Banglalin&
points throughout the country. $s of 7arch% /!!8% the deal with Jallol )roup
has been called off and Banglalin& is focusing on managing its own customer
care centers.
Ban*0a0in> ser5i+e poin$s
Ban*0a0in> +are 0ines are call centers serving customers /0 hours 2 days a
wee& with instant solutions.
3(8(7( AEia$a Ban*0a%esh L$%/ Bran%e% as Ro"i/
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Type 4oint 8enture
#ndustry 7obile Telecommunication
.ounded 1992
$rea served $ll over Bangladesh
>ead"uarters +obi -orporate 9ffice% 13 )ulshan South $venue% )ulshan@1%
6ha&a% Bangladesh
Jey people 7ichael Juehner ;-59=% $ J 7 7orshed ;-T9=% ,radeep
Shiravastava ;-79=% 7ahtabuddin $hmed ;-.9=% 7atiul #slam
:owshad ;->+9=.
,roducts 7obile Telephony% ),+S% 56)5% #nternational +oaming
,arent $iata )roup Berhad ;2!D= and :TT 6o-o7o ;3!D=
Aebsite www.robi.com.bd
Ro"i AEia$a Li#i$e%% 6B$ Ro"i ;formerly &nown as A>$e0=% is a ?oint venture
between $iata )roup Berhad% 7alaysia ;2!D= and :TT 6o-o7o #nc% 4apan ;3!D=.
+obi is the third largest mobile phone operator in Bangladesh with more than 10
million subscribers as of 4une /!11.
+obi boasts of the widest international roaming service in the mar&et% connecting over
1!! operators across /!2 countries. #t is the first operator in the country to introduce
),+S. +obi uses )S7 9!!G18!! 7>z standard and operates on allocated 1/.8 7>z
fre"uency spectrum.
,is$or&/
+obi $iata *imited is a ?oint venture company between $iata )roup Berhad%
7alaysia and :TT 69-979 #:-% 4apan. #t was formerly &nown as Tele&om
7alaysia #nternational ;Bangladesh= which commenced operations in Bangladesh in
1992 with the brand name $JT5*. 9n /8 7arch /!1!% the service name was
rebranded as O+obi and the company came to be &nown as +obi $iata *imited.
+obi is truly a people@oriented brand of Bangladesh. +obi% the peopleIs champion% is
there for the people of Bangladesh% where they want and the way they want. >aving
the local tradition at its core% +obi marches ahead with innovation and creativity.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
To ensure leading@edge technology% +obi draws from the international epertise of
$iata and :TT 69-979 #:-. #t supports /) voice% -$75* ,hase ## F ### and
),+SG56)5 service with high speed internet connectivity. #ts )S7 service is based
on a robust networ& architecture and cutting edge technology such as #ntelligent
:etwor& ;#:=% which provides peace@of@mind solutions in terms of voice clarity%
etensive nationwide networ& coverage and multiple global partners for international
roaming. #t has the widest #nternational +oaming coverage in Bangladesh connecting
'!! operators across more than /!! countries. #ts customer centric solution includes
value added services ;8$S=% "uality customer care% easy access call centers% digital
networ& security and fleible tariff rates.
Products offered:
+obi offers an array of different pac&ages. #n addition to offering the fundamental pre@
paid and post@paid mobile services% it offers a wide range of value@added products and
services such as% S7S% ),+S% 56)5% international roaming% S7S ban&ing% -aller
+ing Bac& Tone% 77S% 8oice )reetings% -all Bloc&ing on 0 $ugust /!!8% which give
subscriber to control which call he or she receive or not and Bengali S7S. +obi has
got the widest international roaming coverage among all the operators in Bangladesh.
Customer Care:
+obi has /1 -ustomer -are -enters and 03! +obi -are ,oints in '0 districts all over
the country. +obi has over /1%!!! retail along with 1!!%!!! voucher sales point all
over Bangladesh.
Corpora$e So+ia0 Responsi"i0i$& 1 CSR 2/
En*0ish in s+hoo0s/ 5nglish in schools% the biggest ever -S+ pro?ect in +obiIs history
is a language learning program in partnership with The 6aily Star to promote 5nglish
language learning are secondary schools across the country. The ground of this huge
pro?ect lies on the etremely low 5nglish literacy rate ;not more that 1D=. The ma?or
reason behind a huge number of Idrop outI from schools is also poor performance in
5nglish.
Pro$i"on%hi$a Kor"o Fo&/ Aith the pledge O,rotibondhita Jorbo 4oy% $i >o&
,rottoiI% is providing support to the underprivileged people of the society with a view
to turning disability into ability. #n the first phase% +obi is providing support to the
-lubfeet children ;-lubfeet is a birth defect with twisted foot ;inverted=. Aithout
treatment% persons afflicted often appear to wal& on their an&les% or on the sides of
their feet. #t is a common birth defect% occurring in about one in every 1%!!! births=.To
combat disability and to create awareness among the mass% +obi has partnered with
#mpact .oundation Bangladesh% a charitable trust based in 5ngland% who has
specialized hospitals for this treatment in Justia% 7eherpur and a floating hospital
O4ibontori. >ere% the patients are treated by the doctors team from 5ngland and
Belgium. $s this is an avoidable disability% +obi believes% awareness and on time
treatment can help these patients to stand on their own feet and thus have a better life.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Ro"i Co#p!$er Corner/ #n line with )overnmentIs I6igital Bangladesh vision /!/1I%
is wor&ing towards increasing #T literacy as well as access to information highway.
.or mass people. $long with providing internet connectivity for the mass education% is
facilitating the rural and suburban colleges with computers. Ahile running the
program for the rural colleges across the country% has mapped this program into a /
year plan to reach '0 districts of Bangladesh focusing mainly on the AomenIs
colleges to increase the rate of #T literacy among the female students.
A)ar%sG A+hie5e#en$s/
A+hie5e#en$s in 3.-- an% 3.-./
+obi $iata *imited% the leading mobile phone operator of the nation% has
received MStar :ews >+ 5C-5**5:-5 $A$+6S .9+ #::98$T#9: #:
>+L.
*eading mobile phone service provider +obi has been re@assessed and
rewarded with #S9 9!!1(/!!8 certification. +obi received this internationally
renowned 7anagement Standard after complying with all re"uirements.
+obi has been conferred the prestigious .rost F Sullivan $sia ,acific #-T
$ward /!1! for K5merging 7ar&et Service ,rovider of the BearK.
O$her A+hie5e#en$s/
$warded the prestigious fund grant from )S7$ 77< ;7obile 7oney for the
<nban&ed= in /!!9.
-rossing 1! million subscribers mar& in /!!9.
+an&ed within top ' global comparable telecom in $.T. Jearney
benchmar&ing eercise in /!!9.
-ost optimization pro?ect saved / times of what was pro?ected.
Bangladesh 7obile ,hone Businessmen $ssociation ;B7B$= $ward /!!8@
/!!9 as the best service provider in Bangladesh
The Aee&ly .inancial 7irror ESamsung 7obile F +obinte Business $ward
/!!8@/!!9 as the best Telecommunication -ompany.
Tele*in& Telecommunication $ward /!!2 Tele*in& Telecommunication
$ward /!!2K for its ecellence in service% corporate social responsibilities and
dealership management for the year /!!' in commemoration of A9+*6
Telecommunication 6ay /!!2.
$rtha&antha Business $ward )iven by the national fortnightly business
magazine of Bangladesh for its ecellence in service in telecom sector.
.inancial 7irror Businessmen $ward )iven by the national wee&ly Tabloid
business magazine.
6eshbandhu -. +. 6as )old 7edal .or contribution to telecom sector in
Bangladesh.
Beatification $ward for eceptional contribution to the 6ha&a 7etropolitan
city from ,rime 7inister 9ffice on 13th S$$+- Summit.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Standard -hartered @ .inancial 5press -orporate Social +esponsibility ;-S+=
$wards /!!' .or contribution in 5ducation% ,rimary >ealth% poverty
alleviation and ecological impact.
$rtho&ontho Business $ward /!!' for better telecom service provider in
Bangladesh.
.inancial 7irror F +obinte Business award /!!' for its ecellence in
service% corporate social responsibilities activities throughout Bangladesh.
6esher Jago? Business $ward /!!' .or -orporate Social +esponsibilities
activities.
Tele*in& Telecommunication $ward /!!1 for its ecellence in service for the
year /!!1.
3(8(8( Pa+i6i+ Ban*0a%esh Te0ephone L$%(/ Bran%e% as Ci$&+e00/
Type *imited
#ndustry Telecommunication
.ounded 1989
>ead"uarters 8th .loor ,acific -enter% 10% 7oha&hali -G$% 6ha&a% Bangladesh
Jey people 7ehboob -howdhury ;-59=% 6avid *ee ;-99=
,roducts Telephony% -67$
+evenue 8917illion <S6
,arent ,acific 7otors *imited% ,acific Traders *imited% ,acific
#ndustries *imited% .ar 5ast Telecom *imited% SingTel $sia
,acific% #nvestments ,te *td% SingTel -onsultancy ,te *td%
Singapore Telecom ,aging ,te *td.
Aebsite www.citycell.com
Ci$&+e00 ;,acific Bangladesh Telecom *imited= is the first mobile communications
company of Bangladesh. #t is the only -67$ networ& operator in the country. $s of
1 7arch /!!8% -itycellIs total mobile subscriber base is 1.1' million% up 132 per cent
or '8!%!!! from two years ago% giving it the best growth rate of the company till date.
-itycell is currently owned by Singtel with 01D sta&e and the rest 11D owned by
,acific )roup and .ar 5ast Telecom.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
By the end of /!!2 -itycell had refurbished its old brand identity and introduced a
new logo and corporate identityU the new logo is very reminiscent of the old logo.
>owever the slogan has remained unchanged Kbecause we careK
$s of 4uly% /!!8 -itycell has 1.'2 million subscribers.
,is$or&/
#n 1989 Bangladesh Telecom *imited ;BT*= was awarded a license to operate
cellular% paging% and other wireless communication networ&s. Then in 199! >utchison
Bangladesh Telecom *imited ;>BT*= was incorporated in Bangladesh as a ?oint
venture between BT* and >utchison Telecommunications ;Bangladesh= *imited.
>BT* began commercial operation in 6ha&a using the $7,S mobile technology in
1993 and became the 1st cellular operator in South $sia. *ater that year ,acific
7otors bought 1!D of BT*. By 199' >BT* was renamed as ,acific Bangladesh
Telecom *imited ;,BT*= and launched the brand name K-itycell 6igitalK to mar&et
its cellular products.
Products Offered:
-itycell offers prepaid% post@paid and fied phone plans. Since -itycell operates in
-67$% +#7Isare usually sold with a phone mostly cheap -hinese set produced by
HT5% >uawei% Samsung% 7otorola and $lcatel. -itycell currently has the cheapest
phone connection tariff at 1399 ta&a.
Prepai% :
The current only prepaid plan is branded as -itycell 9ne. -itycell started offering
prepaid plans from /!!3. #t was the first to offer a prepaid plan with BTTB
connectivity in the same year. #n /!!1% it launched the $alap -all 7e plan@ the first
phone plan with negative tariff in the country. #n this plan customers get credit added
to their balance when they receive calls from other -itycell subscribers. #n the same
year% -itycell launched $alap Super plan. Subscribers of this plan could ma&e free
calls to other -itycell subscribers during late night hours. This espoused numerous
copycat products from its competitors. *ater that year the national telecoms regulator
ordered all phone companies to cease offering free call facility. #n /!!'% -itycell
launched >ello !1/3 plan. The name !1/3 signified tariff of T& ! for calls to one
-itycell number of the subscribers choice% T& 1 for calls to two other -itycell
numbers% T& / for calls to all other -itycell numbers and T& 3 for calls to all other
networ&s. This plan was followed up with a string of other spinoff plans that
continued into /!!2.
Ins$an$ Loa%/
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
$s advertised in 4une /!!8% -itycell became the first mobile operator to sign up for
#nstant *oad. #nstant *oad is a ?oint effort from 6utch Bangla Ban& and -itycell that
lets pre@paid account holders top up their phone through S7S anytime% without the
need to visit any store or purchase any minutes. This service is being offered free@of@
charge and it is the first service of its type in Bangladesh.
$fter receiving the S7S% -itycell automatically withdraws the desired amount from
the ban& account instantly. #t is not &nown if the service is applicable for post@paid
users.
Pos$Cpai%/
The post@paid plan is branded as Ci$&+e00 One. The ,ostpaid subscribers en?oy 0 .n.
numbers to other operators% 3! sec pulse applicable for all outgoing% Hoom 6ata
service etc. in additional.
+ecently in #nt. Trade fair /!!9% -itycell #ntroduced a new postpaid service called
89#-5@6$T$ plan with cheaper tariff voice call and sms on any operator and BTTB
;:A6= and !./1 T&Gminute voice call and sms on any -itycell :umber.
Ci$&+e00 Hoo#
-itycell Hoom is a data plan where the customer receives an internet dongle to surf
the web where ever the -itycell networ& is present. -ustomers have a choice of
-itycell Hoom and -itycell Hoom <ltra. Hoom comes with a choice of prepaid or
postpaid. Hoom comes with either one of two models% >uawei 5-3/1 or HT5
7)88!V. Hoom <ltra uses better technology particularly it uses 58@69 technology.
HT5 <ltra 7odem $-/2/' is the dongle given with Hoom <ltra. -itycell Hoom
along with )rameenphoneIs version of this technology is regarded as the best in the
portable internet service section in Bangladesh.
C!s$o#er Care Cen$re/
There are ' -ustomer care centers of -itycell in the country. 9ne for each division
and there are another 1!! -ustomer care ,oints scattered around the country.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
3(8(9( Air$e0 Ban*0a L$%( Bran%e% as Air$e0/
Type ,rivate
#ndustry Telecommunication
.ounded /!!1
>ead"uarters >ouse 30% +oad 19G$% Banani% 6ha&a 1/13% Bangladesh
Jey people -hris Tobit% -59
,roducts Telephony% 56)5% ),+S% )S7
+evenue <SR /.18 billion% /!1!
,arent Bharti $irtel 2!D and Aarid Telecom 3!D
Aebsite www.bd.airtel.com
Air$e0 Ban*0a%esh L$%( is a )S7@based cellular operator in Bangladesh. $irtel
Bangladesh is the sith mobile phone carrier to enter the Bangladesh mar&et% and
launched commercial operations on 7ay 1!% /!!2. Aarid Telecom #nternational **-%
an $bu 6habi based consortium% sold a ma?ority 2!D sta&e in the company to #ndiaIs
Bharti $irtel *imited for <SR3!! million. Bharti $irtel *imited will ta&e management
control of the company and its board% and rebranded the companyIs services under its
own $irtel brand from /! 6ecember /!1!. The Bangladesh Telecommunication
+egulatory -ommission approved the deal on 4an 0% /!1!.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
#n 4anuary /!1!% Bharti $irtel *imited% $sias leading integrated telecom services
provider% ac"uired 2!D sta&e in Aarid Telecom% Bangladesh% a subsidiary of the
<$5@based $bu 6habi )roup.
,is$or& o6 Air$e0/
#n 6ecember /!!1% Aarid Telecom #nternational **- paid <SR 1! million to obtain a
)S7 license from the BT+- and became the sith mobile phone operator in
Bangladesh.
#n a press conference on $ugust 12% /!!'% Aarid announced that its networ& would be
activated two months ahead of schedule% in 9ctober% /!!'. $gain in 9ctober% /!!'
Aarid Telecom put off the launch of its cellphone services in Bangladesh until $pril%
/!!2 after its ma?or supplier :o&ia wal&ed out on an agreement over a payment
dispute.
Aarid had a soft launch at the end of 4anuary /!!2. #t gave away complimentary
subscriptions among a selected group of individuals% whose ?ob was to ma&e Itest
callsI and the operator ad?usted its networ&Is "uality based on their comments.
9n 7ay 9% /!!2% Aarid in an advertisement in some daily newspaper stated that it
would be launching publicly on 7ay 1!% /!!2. >owever% no call rate or any pac&age
details were revealed. The advertisement included an announcement for the people
interested to buy Aarid connections to bring the documents li&e #6 card% etc.% to the
designated franchise and customer care centres.
9n 9ctober 1% /!!2% Aarid Telecom epanded its networ& to five more districts
raising total number of districts under Aarid coverage to 1'% said a press release.
7ymensingh% 4amalpur% Sherpur% +a?bari and :arail towns were covered by Aarid
networ&.
9n :ovember 1!% /!!2% '1 districts under Aarid networ& coverage.
9n 4une 1!% /!!8% Aarid Telecom epanded its networ& to 3 more districts
Bandarban% Jhagrachhari and +angamati. :ow all '0 districts of Bangladesh are
under Aarid networ& coverage meaning Aarid Telecom now has nationwide
coverage.
9n 6ecember /!% /!1!% Aarid Telecom was rebranded to Air$e0.
Pro%!+$s O66ere%/
$irtel provides both post@paid and pre@paid connection plans. The post@paid plan is
branded and mar&eted across the country under the name air$e0 Pos$pai%% which
means leader or royalty. The pre@paid segment is branded and mar&eted as air$e0
Prepai%.
The $irtel ,repaid category is divided into four segments(
A%%a
Go0po
Ko$ha
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Foor$i
$irtel ,ost@paid and $irtel ,repaid user en?oy various value added services ;8$S=%
such as S7S% 77S% ),+S% '0J S#7% 6ual S#7 product% -orporate pac&ages for
product advertising via S7S% and a host of other features. >owever% #nternational
+oaming is available only to Aarid post@paid users.
C!s$o#er +are Cen$ers/
$irtel has ten customer care centers around the country% which is &nown as Iairtel
eperience center ;$5-=% located at &ey locations. These centers are directly run by
$irtel itself.
$irtel has another 1/! dealer outlet spread across Bangladesh% the largest chain of
retail outlets in the country% which is further bac&ed up by a chain of sub@dealers%
affinity partners F distributors. 6ealer outlets of airtel &nown as Kairtel relationship
-enter ;$+-=K
S#7 -ards% Scratch -ards and sometimes mobile sets are sold at these outlets. Bill
collection for post paid users and Hem top up for pre@paid users can also be availed at
the franchises. These franchises directly appoint dealers and sub@dealers in their
designated areas.
3(8(:( Te0e$a0> Ban*0a%esh L$%(/ Bran%e% as Te0e$a0>/
Type ,ublic company *imited
#ndustry -ellular Telecommunication ,rovider
.ounded /!!0
>ead"uarters >ouse no( 01% +oad no( /2% Bloc&( $% Banani% 6ha&a.
,roducts Telephony% 56)5% )S7
Aebsite www.teletal&.com.bd
Te0e$a0> Ban*0a%esh Li#i$e% brand name KTeletal&K is a )S7 based state@owned
mobile phone company in Bangladesh. TeleTal& started operating on /9 6ecember
/!!0. #t is a ,ublic *imited -ompany of Bangladesh )overnment% the state@owned
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
telephone operator. TeleTal& provide ),+S and 56)5 internet connectivity and got
the license from )overnment to start the 3) which is the latest cellular information
service. Teletal& is the first operator in the country that gave BTTB ;now BT-*=
incoming facility to its subscribers.
The mission statement of Tele Tal& is K6esher Ta&a 6eshey +a&hunK ;KJeep your
7oney in your -ountryK=.
TeleTal& is the 'th largest mobile phone operator in Bangladesh with 1.102 million
subscribers as up to 4uly% /!1!.
Ser5i+es/
1. ,repaid pac&ages
Shadheen''
Standard
Shadheen
Shapla ;1 Second pulse=
Bi?oy ;1 Second pulse=
$gami ;9nly for ),$1 holder in >S- eam=
5&ush
/. ,ostpaid pac&ages
StandardG +a?anigandha
Shapla
3. -orporate service
,repaid pac&ages
,ost@paid pac&ages
0. 7obile internet service
A+hie5e#en$s/
Teletal& is the only operator in Bangladesh ;9wner( 1!!D Bangladesh )overnment=
with 1!!D native technical and engineering human resource base.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
C,APTER 7(.(
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
MARKETING STRATEGIES
1SEGMENTATIONA TARGET MARKETA
POSITIONINGA MARKETING MI@2
7(-( Mar>e$in* S$ra$e*ies/ 7ar&eting strategies of telecommunication industry in
Bangladesh are as follows(
Se*#en$a$ion/ The telecom industry of Bangladesh tends to target the countryIs
entire population as a single segment% but varies its product in terms of augmented
features and benefits to appeal to distinctive segments of customers within that one
segment. Ahile all the players in the industry attempts to compete with each other in
all segments% they usually tend to target heavily the segment in which their primary
core competency. Bangladesh telecommunication industry segments the industry by
following criteria.
The E5er&%a& User/ <sually more interested in cheaper rates and good
connectivity% this segment comprises of a large portion of customers ;other than
businesses= as it more or less includes any one and every one. This segment of users
are often responsible for causing operators to go into price wars% as lower prices mean
more customers. This segment often shows little loyalty to operators as they
fre"uently change connections to find cheaper rates.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
The Corpora$e or B!siness User/ Target customers of this segment are of
course all small% medium and large business houses in the country. This segment
understandably contributes the significant portion of subscribers in terms of networ&
usage and value for the industry. 7ost operators go into partnership programs with
companies in order to provide all necessary products and services usually at reduced
or corporate prices and with augmented benefits in order to foster profitable% long
term relationships. 6emands of this segment usually include #nternet -onnectivity
;56)5% ),+S etc.=% Short 7essaging Service ;S7S=% 5mail and other web
application services ;Blac&berry Server= and efficient service.
The S$!%en$ User/ -omprised of individuals that are studying in schools%
colleges and universities% this segment is a hot prospect for operators as need for these
users to stay connected to their friends is top priority. This segment can be considered
to be a sub@segment of the everyday user% but their demands often include other
advanced features such as Short 7essaging Service ;S7S=% #nternet connectivity
;56)5% ),+S etc.= and bonus tal& times. 9perators such as )rameen,hone
introduced an additional product variant in the form of Kd4uiceK ?ust for this segment.
The Co!p0es User/ +ecognizing the need for couples to tal& fre"uently
with each other% some operators have come up with offers that target married or
unmarried couples or any two individuals that need to &eep constant contact with each
other. 5ach pac&age contains two connections% so that each half of the pair may
contact the other at highly reduced rates.
The R!ra0 User/ +ecognized early on by )rameen,hone% the demand of
this segment is almost solely of the purest form( connectivity. *iving in rural%
dispersed% heavily underdeveloped areas% the individuals of this segment have a hard
time &eeping contact with their friends and relatives. The primary type of product that
target these customers revolve around offering good connectivity in hard to reach
localities and low call rates to increase affordability.
The In$erne$ User/ Ahile #nternet -onnectivity is now incorporated ;or
optionally incorporable= in almost all products of the industry% there are some users
who are turning to telecom operators solely for #nternet connectivity through the use
of mobile ;or modem= devices. The primary attraction that operators provide to this
segment is the portability of such devices. #n an era of information on the go% the need
for wireless connectivity to the internet is in high demand% and portable wireless
connectivity devices such as -itycellIs H997 and )rameen,honeIs F Banglalin&Is
56)5 modem have ta&en advantage of the situation.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Tar*e$ Mar>e$/ Target mar&et of telecommunication industry in Bangladesh as
according to company base.
2or example: Gra#eenphone targeted the mar&et according to the networ&
base. The people who want continuing networ& all the time% Gra#eenphone target
that &ind of people. Gra#eenphone targeted young generation precisely. Thats why
they created new segment named D4!i+e.
Ban*0a0in> targeted the mar&et according to the customer choice. Thats why
they are giving the offer to the subscribers according to their choices. Ban*0a0in> also
target the mar&et for the professional people. Thats why they create Pro6essiona0
Pa+>a*e(
Te0e$a0> targeted the young generation. They called the name is E>!sh( -all
rate% sms pac&ages% internet pac&ages% mms pac&ages are different from other target
mar&et.
Ci$&+e00 targeted the people who want to tal& with fnf number. Thats why
they charges citycell to citycell voice call rate is /1 paisa. Their slogan is Why
FnF?
Posi$ionin*/ The positioning strategies of telecom company in telecom industry
are as follows.
Gra#eenphone/ The positioning strategies of )rameenphone try to create
image or identity of its own in the mind of subscribers of its networ&.
2or example: )rameenphone try to create its product and brand image in the minds of
their target mar&et through the services and commitment. )rameenphone ta&e the
place in its subscribers mind by providing good networ& service.
Ban*0a0in>/ The positioning strategies of Banglalin& try to create image or
identity of its own in the mind of its subscribers.
2or example: Banglalin& try to create its product and brand image in the minds of
their target mar&et through the call services and bonus services on usages. Banglalin&
also too& place in the mind of its subscribers by providing customer services
fre"uently
Ro"i/ The positioning strategies of +obi try to create image or identity of
its own in the mind of its subscribers.
2or example: +obi trying to create its product and brand image in the minds of their
target mar&et through the S7S services% low call rate and low internet rate from its
competitors.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Air$e0/ .or positioning strategies $irtel giving different types of services.
2or example: $irtel giving different types of bonus to its subscribers. Bonuses given
as tal& time% sms% mms% and internet pac&ages.
Te0e$a0>/ Teletal& gives different types offer to its subscribers for create
position in the mind of its subscribers.
2or example: Teletal& gives the offer in different national and cultural occasion li&e
,ohela Boisa&h% 5id@<l@.itr% 5id@<l@$zha% Shaheed 6ay% #ndependent 6ay% 8ictory
6ay% 6urga ,u?a etc.
Ci$&+e00/ -itycell gives different types of offers and pac&ages to its
subscribers for creating its brand% products and services in the mind of its current and
potential subscribers.
2or example: -itycell gives different types of pac&ages and offer to its subscribers.
Mar>e$in* MiE/ 7ar&eting mi of the telecommunication industry is as follows.
.or analyzing the mar&eting mi of telecommunication% this paper has to analyze the
,roduct% ,rice% ,lace and ,romotion of telecommunication industry. Ahether% the
topic is telecommunication sector of Bangladesh% thats why this paper analyzing
mar&eting strategies of Telecom -ompany in Bangladesh.
Pro%!+$/
W Bran% Na#e/ The brand names of telecom company are )rameenphone%
Banglalin&% +obi% $irtel% Teletal& and -itycell.
W Ser5i+e Iarie$&/ The services of telecom industry are S#7 -ard% Tal& Time%
Short 7essage Service% 7ultimedia 7essage Service% #nternet ,ac&age% #nternet
7odem and >elpline etc.
Pri+e/
W Conne+$ion pri+e/ -onnection price are above the reach of average people
of the country.
W Ca00 ra$es an% ne$)or> +har*es/ -all rates and networ& charges were also
high. But now scenario has changed significantly. $ pre@paid connection can be
purchased within /!! Ta&a% where a post@paid connection can be purchased within
1!!! Ta&a.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
W Ca00 ra$es/ -all rates vary from pac&age to pac&age. There are differences
in call charges in various times of a day. But on an average itIs now 1 Ta&a per minute
for voice call. S7S charge less than 1 Ta&a per S7S for some operators.
W In$erne$ ser5i+es/ There are various rates for various pac&ages of #nternet
services. #t can be on volume basis ;dependant on bytes downloaded or transferred= or
at fied rates. #n most cases% the average rate per &ilobyte is around Ta&a. !.!/.
P0a+e/
W Channe0s/ Telecom operators have own channel to properly distribute their
products and services.
W Lo+a$ion/ $s a regular practice telecom operator firstly cover the ma?or
cities including 6ha&a% -hittagong% Jhulna% -omilla% +a?shahi and other ma?or cities
of Bangladesh. Then they went for mass distribution of their services all over the
country.
Pro#o$ion/
J Sa0es Pro#o$ion/ Telecom operators provided shot@term incentives to
encourage and purchase or sale of their services.
J A%5er$isin*/ Telecom operators invested huge amount of money for new
advertising. They are giving advertisement through T8 media% newspaper% billboard%
popular magazine% internet% e@mail% posturing% promotional events and newsletters etc.
J P!"0i+ Re0a$ion/ .or building good image of the Telecom industry F
customer e"uity they are arranging promotional activities concerning social welfare.
$s part of this issue% they launch different campaign.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
C,APTER 8(.(
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
PROBLEMS OF
TELECOMMUNICATION
8(-( Pro"0e#s o6 Te0e+o##!ni+a$ion/
There are so many problems in the sector of telecommunication in Bangladesh. Those
are as follows(
8(-(-2 Cos$in*/ The cost of telecommunication charges in Bangladesh is so much
high. .or absence of proper monitoring of regulatory authority of the telecom sector%
operator of mobile telecommunication charges high.
8(-(32 Ne$)or>/ :ow@a@days the networ& fre"uency of the mobile operator in
Bangladesh is so much poor. .or that reason% subscribers of the operators cant use
the cell phone properly.
8(-(72 Con6!sin* O66er/ The mobile operators give various 8alue $dded Service
offer to the subscribers. But the problem is that% first time those offer are not clear to
the subscriber. Thats why% subscribers using the service in doubt. #f 9perator give the
8alue $dded Service offer to the subscriber% then it should be clear.
8(-(82 In$erne$ Ser5i+e/ Though% most of mobile operators have optical fiber and
other infrastructure% they cant give the internet service to the subscriber time to time.
The costs of internet charges are high then the service.
8(-(92 Chan*es o6 Go5ern#en$ Po0i+& Ti#e $o Ti#e/ Ahen 9perator of the mobile
phone ta&es any initiative for the subscriber% then )overnment change the policy for
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
different reason. Then 9perators have to change the -ompany policy for the
Subscribers.
8(-(:2 B!rea!+ra+& Pro"0e#/ The problem of bureaucracy in Bangladesh is so much.
Ahen any pro?ect or tas&s have to be happening% then bureaucratic people cant
complete the tas&s in proper time. They have to complete the tas&s as given before.
8(-(;2 Te+hno0o*i+a0 Pro"0e#/ The telecommunication mar&et is epanding day by
day. But it cant epand properly for the technological problem. .or giving the service
to the subscriber properly% 7obile operators dont have the physical networ& as they
need. .or not increasing the physical networ&% subscribers are not fully satisfied to the
services of the operators.
8(-(<2 Ban%)i%$h Li#i$a$ion/ .or limitation of the Bandwidth of the fre"uency%
operators cant give the service to the subscriber properly. #f )overnment distribute
the Bandwidth of the fre"uency to the operator under the policy then it will be easy
for the operator for giving the service.
8(-(=2 La+> o6 Lo+a0 En$reprene!r/ .or lac& of local entrepreneur general
subscribers of ,hone operator can not get as they wish. .or absence of local
entrepreneur% total earning revenue passing away from the country.
8(-(-.2 Te+hno0o*i+a0 Depen%en+&/ :ow a day of technological revolution% even our
country also have to depend on the technology of other countries. .or the lac& of
sponsor and entrepreneur the dependency for the technology is high.
8(-(--2 La+> o6 Proper S!per5ision/ .or proper supervision of the industry the rules
and regulation of the authority are very much poor. Thats why many company
misusing the lac& of supervising.
8(-(-32 Mis!se o6 IOIP/ 7any company misusing the 8oice 9ver #nternet ,rotocol
;89#,= system. The gap between authority and company is so much high. .or
misusing the 89#, many company got different types of penalty time to time.
8(-(-72 G0ass Cei0in* Barrier "& Go5ern#en$ O)ne% Fir#/ .or continue the
business of telecommunication in Bangladesh% there are some glass ceiling barrier by
)overnment owned firm% Teletal&. )overnment and the regulatory authority giving all
types of benefit to that firm and do the negligence for giving the benefit to the other
organization.
8(-(-82 Barriers $o En$r&/ There are some barriers to enter the mar&et of
telecommunication in Bangladesh. )overnment and regulatory authority ta&e the
policy for doing business for foreign company are so much hard time to time.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
8(-(-92 Threa$ 6ro# S!"s$i$!$e Pro%!+$s/ There are various products and services of
telecommunication in the industry. There are some threats from the substitute
products of the industry. Sometime one product becomes the competitor of another
product.
Pro"0e#/
Gra#eenphone/
0./.1. Cos$in*/ The costing of using )rameenphone S#7 is very much high rather
then its rivals.
8(3(3( Ne$)or>/ The networ& coverage of )rameenphone is so much good% but
sometime it disturbs so much.
8(3(7( Con6!sin* O66er/ Sometime )rameenphone give confusing offer. Subscriber
cant understand all types of offer that they offered. Then subscriber gives call to
helpline for understanding about the offer.
Ban*0a0in>/
8(7(-( Cos$in*/ The costing of using Banglalin& S#7 is high. Subscribers of the
operator dissatisfies about the costs of call charge and other charges.
0.3./. Con6!sin* O66er/ Banglalin& gives confused offer sometime.
0.3.3. Ne$)or>/ The networ& condition of Banglalin& operator is wee& rather than
its rival.
0.3.0. In$erne$ Ser5i+e/ The internet service of Banglalin& operator is very much
wee&. The cost of internet service is reasonable% but service "uality is not so
much satisfactory.
0.3.1. A**ressi5e SMS/ Banglalin& operator sometime gives aggressive Short
7essage Service ;S7S=.
Air$e0/
0.0.1. Ier& 'ee> Ne$)or>/ The networ& condition of $irtel operator is wee& rather
than its rival.
0.0./. A**ressi5e SMS/ $irtel operator sometime gives aggressive Short 7essage
Service ;S7S=.
Ro"i/
0.1.1. Ne$)or> Dis$!r"an+e/ +obis networ& system is good% but it ma&e
disturbance when subscriber made a voice call.
Ci$&+e00/
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
8(:(-( CDMA/ The main problem of -itycell -ompany is the operating system is
-67$ ;-ode 6ivision 7ultiple $ccess=. )eneral subscribers of mobile
operator much prefer )S7 rather than -67$.
8(:(3( ,an%se$ Pro"0e#/ .or using -67$ networ&% subscribers have to use -67$
enable handset. But in mar&et there are some lac&s of modern -67$ handset
li&e smart phone.
8(:(7( Cos$in* 1Lo) C!s$o#erA Tha$s )h&2/ The costing of using -itycell to
-itycell is low% but for others operators its costs high rather than others.
C,APTER 9(.(
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
PROSPECTS
OF TELECOMMUNICATION
9(-( Prospe+$s o6 Te0e+o##!ni+a$ion/ Though there are so many problems in the
sector of telecommunication in Bangladesh% there are some prospects also in this
sector. Those are as follows.
-2 Unsa$!ra$e% In%!s$r&/ The position of telecommunication industry in Bangladesh
is now unsaturated. #ndustry of telecommunication can grow more in the mar&et of
Bangladesh.
32 Po$en$ia0 Earnin* So!r+e o6 Go5ern#en$ Re5en!e/ .rom telecommunication
sector government can earn more revenue. The users% services% competition% mar&et
demand high of this sector. Thats why government can create the earning source of
revenue.
72 Densi$& o6 Pop!0a$ion 1User2/ 6ensity of population of the country increasing
day by day. #f population increasing then the user of the cell phone also increasing.
There are prospects of the mobile phone operators for doing the business in the sector.
82 De5e0opin* E+ono#& 1SME2/ 5conomy of the country is developing. .or the
reason of developing economy there so many prospect for doing the business and
social welfare for the society. The government and also private organization giving
the Small and 7edium 5nterprise ;S75= loan for doing the business and social
welfare.
92 F!$!re Pro"a"i0i$& o6 A%op$in* ,i*h Le5e0 Te+hno0o*&/ There are some
probabilities of adopting high level technology for the industry. .uture technology
li&e 3) and 0) networ& and other hi technology of telecommunication industry can
adopt the industry.
:2 E#p0o&#en$ Genera$ion/ There is so much prospect of employment generation in
the sector of telecommunication. <nemployment can be reduced so much by the
employment in this sector.
;2 Co#p0e$e Co##!ni+a$ion Pa+>a*e/ There is the prospect of giving complete
communication pac&age to the subscriber of telecommunication of Bangladesh.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
Telecom operators can arrange the special platform for giving the total
communication pac&age to the telecom subscribers.
<2 More Ia0!e A%%e% Ser5i+es/ 7ore value added services of the telecom sector can
be added to the eisting and prospect subscribers of the telecom industry.
=2 Bar*ainin* Po)er o6 S!pp0iers/ The bargaining power of suppliers in the industry
is strong in some cases if not in all. #f the telecom operators had to design the products
on the whims of the suppliers because their output is uni"ue% then the suppliers would
en?oy absolute advantage in terms of bargaining power. But here this is not the case.
$gain% since the number of the suppliers is very limited say :9J#$ F 5ricsson and a
handful number of networ& administrators% they ;the suppliers= have this power to
leverage on this% because this is limiting the choice of the operators and ma&ing the
switching cost very high for them.
-.2 Bar*ainin* Po)er o6 C!s$o#ers/ #n our country the customers have absolute
bargaining power. Because there are a number of operators in the mar&et% the cost for
switching loyalty is very low. -ustomers may want to switch from one operator to
another for a better deal. :othing can restrict this trend. #n fact what we see is that
every customer nowadays uses more than one mobile phone or at least owns more
than one connection% and use them interchangeably. This trend is especially very
dominant among the teenagers who constitute a ma?or portion of the mar&et share%
and on the other hand are also very sensitive to price. This phenomenon of
subscribing to more than one operator% needless to say% has spar&ed a boom for
another &ind of mobile hand set that enables customers to use dual S#7S in one
handset. $nd mobile phone companies% such as Samsung and Spice% by understanding
this need of the consumer have come up with phones with this feature. This shows
how powerful consumers are in this industry as trend@setters and this applies to every
aspect of the business ranging from the designing of the products to pricing them.
--2 Po$en$ia0 En$ran$s/ ,otential direct entrants ;entrants focusing on directly
coming into the country= to the telecom industry in Bangladesh is relatively restricted
at the moment% due to control over licenses. >owever% recently companies are finding
other ways to penetrate the industry% that is% through merging with eisting mar&et
members. +ecently $irtel merged with Aarid Telecom through ac"uisition of ma?ority
share in order to enter the Bangladesh mar&et. 9ther potential entrants who may be
interested to come to Bangladesh include +eliance Telecom and Tata #ndicom.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
C,APTER :(.(
FINDINGS
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
:(-( Fin%in*s/ The findings of this report are as follows(
Telecommunication Sector is contributing a ma?or portion to our economic
growth.
The cost of telecommunication charges in Bangladesh is so much high.
#n Bangladesh the potentiality of telecommunication sector is bright.
-ompetition is very high in telecommunication industry.
:ow@a@days the networ& fre"uency of the mobile operator in Bangladesh is so
much poor.
The mobile operators give various types of confusing offers to its subscribers.
The costs of internet charges are high then the service.
7ar&eting and promotion of telecommunication industry is "uite good.
Ahen 9perator of the mobile phone ta&es any initiative for the subscriber% then
)overnment change the policy for different reason.
Ahen any pro?ect or tas&s have to be happening% then bureaucratic people cant
complete the tas&s in proper time.
The mar&et leader of telecommunication industry is )rameenphone.
The telecommunication mar&et is epanding day by day. But it cant epand
properly for the technological problem.
.or limitation of the Bandwidth of the fre"uency% operators cant give the service
to the subscriber properly.
.or lac& of local entrepreneur general subscribers of ,hone operator can not get as
they wish.
:ow a day of technological revolution% even our country also have to depend on
the technology of other countries.
.or proper supervision of the industry the rules and regulation of the authority are
very much poor.
7any company misusing the 8oice 9ver #nternet ,rotocol ;89#,= system.
.or continue the business of telecommunication in Bangladesh% there are some
glass ceiling barrier by )overnment owned firm% Teletal&.
)overnment and regulatory authority ta&e the policy for doing business for
foreign company are so much hard time to time.
There are some threats from the substitute products of the industry. Sometime one
product becomes the competitor of another product.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
C,APTER ;(.(
CONCLUSION
;(-( Con+0!sion/
The sector of telecommunication industry in Bangladesh is emerging day by day.
Though there are some problems in the sector of telecommunication in Bangladesh%
there are some prospects also have. #f all telecom operator come in one platform for
giving better service to all types of subscribers% then total industry will able to earn
more profit and confidence of general subscribers.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
The buyer is powerful in the industry% but since the mar&et is growing largely% it will
be easy for the company to hold its own share% because of povertyU the population will
be unli&ely to avail the switching cost. $nd this also reduces the ris& of high
availability of substitutes. The supplier is not powerful in this case which is a plus for
the company and the company can play with the price to &eep the production cost low.
Since the mar&et is yet to be matured and growing very fast% # assume that the
suppliers companies are also increasing. Some multinational companies are showing
their interest to enter into the mar&et. This can lead some new suppliers to arrive into
the mar&et and ma&e the environment more competitive. So at some stage the
bargaining power of the suppliers will become very low.
So from the above discussion% it can be said that the Bangladesh telecom mar&et has a
lot of potential to offer considering strategically ignorable or somehow alterable
threats. The mar&et loo&s very potential and prospective. *ots of opportunities are
waiting.
Bangladesh has cheap s&illed and willing to be s&illed labor. -ommunication
infrastructure is in good condition and has the ability to serve the international
entrants. -ustomer demand for telecom product is very high due to the high growth
rate of the mar&et. $s the industry is becoming bigger% availability of supporting
industries are increasing and already there are lots of supporting companies in the
mar&et. $nd finally the government policies are very welcoming and liberal.
$ll these emerging concerns and phenomena in the industry offer both merits and
demerits to the operators at the same time. #n the face of this new move towards
mobile apps business% telecom operators throughout the world share a common fate of
becoming mere conduits to the successful application stores of others in one hand% and
due to the hard competition among the operators% this phenomenon also provides
numerous opportunities to stand out from the crowd. 9n the other hand% especially in
emerging mar&ets li&e ours. #t may put so many eisting powerful players out of their
business and may give the business to the new entrants. #n light of this reality% the
operators have got two simple choices( as to whether to adapt to this revolutionary
trend by incorporating mobile application in every offering and reap the substantial
advantage out of it or to bear the brunt of losing business. Similarly% ecessive
fleibility in regulations may sometimes put a greater interest of the nation at ris&. So
chec& and balance on the part of the government are the &eys. The future surely holds
a lot more shoc&s and surprises for us to witness.
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#
)))(Assi*n#en$Poin$(+o#