TITLE VII SEXUAL HARASSMENT, FEDERAL RETALIATORY TERMINATION, STATE OF FLORIDA SEXUAL HARASSMENT CLAIM AND STATE RETALIATORY TERMINATION. PROCEDURAL AND SUBSTANTIVE UNCONSCIONABLE ARBITRATION CLAUSE WITH INCONSPICUOUS JURY WAIVER/
Original Title
RESPONSE IN OPPOSITION TO DEF MOTION TO COMPEL ARBITRATION SEXUAL HARRASMENT
TITLE VII SEXUAL HARASSMENT, FEDERAL RETALIATORY TERMINATION, STATE OF FLORIDA SEXUAL HARASSMENT CLAIM AND STATE RETALIATORY TERMINATION. PROCEDURAL AND SUBSTANTIVE UNCONSCIONABLE ARBITRATION CLAUSE WITH INCONSPICUOUS JURY WAIVER/
TITLE VII SEXUAL HARASSMENT, FEDERAL RETALIATORY TERMINATION, STATE OF FLORIDA SEXUAL HARASSMENT CLAIM AND STATE RETALIATORY TERMINATION. PROCEDURAL AND SUBSTANTIVE UNCONSCIONABLE ARBITRATION CLAUSE WITH INCONSPICUOUS JURY WAIVER/
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA MIAMI DIVISION
CASE NO.: 14-22898-ALTONAGA/OSULLIVAN
MARLEN RODRIGUEZ, an individual Plaintiff,
Vs.
MEDICAL TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION Dba AMC MEDICAL TRANSPORT, Defendant. ______________________________________
PLAINTIFFS MEMORANDUM IN OPPOSITION OF DEFENDANT, MEDICAL TRANSPORATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATIONS MOTION TO DISMISS, OR IN THE ALTERNATIVE TO COMPEL ARBITRATION AND STAY THIS ACTION PENDING ARBITRATION
COMES NOW, the Plaintiff, Marlen Rodriguez, by and through the undersigned attorney of record and submits this memorandum in opposition to Defendants Motion to Dismiss or in the alternative to Compel Arbitration and Stay This Action Pending Arbitration. REQUEST FOR EVIDENTIARY HEARING AND/OR ORAL ARGUMENT Due to the arguments and issues and law raised by the Plaintiff an evidentiary hearing as to the enforceability of Section 3 i Employee Acknowledgments, the arbitration clause and the jury waiver is requested. ISSUE PRESENTED Whether the arbitration provision attached to the Defendants Motion Dismiss is unconscionable, unenforceable and/or voidable under applicable state and/or Federal law is resolving the violations of law as plead in the complaint. (Section I and Section II of Defendants Motion, D.E #7 )
STATEMENT OF FACTS 2
The Plaintiff, Marlen Rodriguez filed a claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e-2 and Section 760.10, Florida Statutes against Medical Transportation Management Corporation dba AMC Medical Transport due sexual harassment and unlawful retaliation for reporting the employment practices violation of sexual harassment. Marlen Rodriguez was offered a position of employment by Medical Transportation Management Corporation AMC on or about January 15, 2012 and was employed in a driver position on January 20, 2011. Marlen started working on January 24, 2011. (see Exhibit # 1). Previously to January 21, 2011 The Medical Transportation Management Corporation AMC employed Mr. Albert Handal and Mr. Francisco Garcia as drivers and/or in supervisory positions. On January 21, 2011, supervisor Albert Handal demanded the Plaintiff, Marlen Rodriguez sign numerous documents as required for employment. (see Exhibit #2). All documents were in English and were not translated or explained to Marlen the content or meaning of the documents. (see composite Exhibit #3, PLAINTIFF, MARLEN RODRIGUEZS AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF REPONSE IN OPPOSTION TO DEFENDANTS MOTION TO DISMISS, OR ALTERNATIVE, TO COMPEL ARBITRATION AND STAY THIS ACTION PENDING ARBITRATION). Defendants alleged arbitration document as attached to the Defendants Motion sub judice (DE 7-1) is one of the documents contained in composite Exhibit #3. The document is titled Section 3 Assigned Employee Acknowledgments. The first mention of a potential arbitration agreement/waiver of jury inconspicuously contained therein, was disclosed on August 13, 2014, after the attached pre filing demand letter, 3
dated May 28, 2014 (Exhibit #4) was served on Defendants counsel and after the original complaint was removed by the Defendant to Federal Court on August 8, 2014. On August 13, 2014, Counsel for the Defendant emailed a request to agree to arbitrate based upon an attached document titled Section 3 i Employee Acknowledgments.( Attached as Exhibit #5) The attached document, Section 3 i Employee Acknowledgments did not state or reference AMC (as indicated in Defendants Motion to Dismiss or in the alternative to Compel Arbitration and Stay This Action Pending Arbitration D.E. 7-2 para 4). In response, as a result of the fact AMC was not identified as party to the agreement and an unknown company, Strategic Outsourcing, Inc., was the only actual identified entity, Plaintiff immediately requested the entire/employer agreement before determining the appropriate course of action. ( Exhibit #5) No additional documents were received nor was the issue clarified by the Defendant. The Plaintiff had no way to identify the document as a controlling agreement between the Plaintiff and Defendant. Section 3 I, Employee Acknowledgments includes an inconspicuous jury waiver contained within paragraph 4 which is in lower case small font size letters and within the paragraph dealing with binding arbitration and is predominantly indiscernible as an important waiver of rights from the entire document. Marlen Rodriguezs employment with Medical Transportation Management Corporation AMC was terminated on or about March 5, 2012. AMC is a large corporation with a high level of sophistication in the operation and negotiation of business.
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MEDICAL TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATIONs website boasts the following which highlights the size and sophistication of its corporate management: American Ambulance Service was founded in 1964 in Hollywood, Florida and was managed and owned by its founder until March of 1999 when it was acquired by its current ownership. 1999 was also the year that American Ambulance expanded into the Central Florida market with the acquisition of Pro-Care Ambulance in Seminole County. In 2000, the service area was expanded to include Orange and Osceola counties. 2000 brought about the expansion of the South Florida division to now include service to Miami Dade County. In 2005 American acquired All County Ambulance and began serving the residents and Healthcare facilities in the Treasure Coast. All County Ambulance serves Martin, St. Lucie, Indian River, Okeechobee and Hendry Counties. 2010 brought about the expansion of American Ambulance both in Monroe and Polk Counties. In May American began operations in Polk County Florida. Polk County is larger than the state of Rhode Island and equal in size to Delaware. The total area of the county is approximately 2,010 square miles which makes it the fourth largest county in Florida. Monroe County is the Southernmost County in the United States incorporating one the most favored tourist destination, the Florida Keys.. American Ambulance Service which serves Miami Dade, Broward and Monroe Counties provides basic and advanced life support and also provides ventilator and bariatric services. American Ambulance Service also has contracts with J oe DiMaggio Children's Hospital and University of Miami Hospital providing branded specialty care ambulances and staffing for the emergency departments of the hospitals when the staff is not engaged in providing ambulance transportation. All County Ambulance serves Martin, St. Lucie, Indian River, Okeechobee and Hendry Counties. All County provides basic and advanced life support and also provides ventilator and bariatric services. All County serves the entire Treasure Coast of Floridaand forty miles west to rural Okeechobee County. American Ambulance of Central Florida initially began providing service in Seminole County in 1999 and now also servesOrange, Osceola and Polk Counties encompassing the greater Orlando area. American provides basic and advanced life support and also provides ventilator and bariatric services. All three companies have participated in each Florida hurricane disaster and recovery for the last ten years and in 2008 twice deployed ambulances to Louisiana to assist hurricane victims. Our personnel and management have trained through the FEMAprograms to provide Strike Force Team Leader, Task Force Leader and I ncident Management Teams. 5
We coordinate and provide medical transportation throughout the State of Florida and nationwide. We work closely with providers of air ambulance transportation to move the most critical of patients and assist their crews in creating seamless movement to their aircraft. American Ambulance, New England began serving the New England market in January 2011. American serves the greater Boston, Massachusetts area and looks forward to continued growth in the New England market (Basic and Advanced life support ambulance service and chair car service). Specialty services provided include bariatric and ventilator services. The introduction of critical care transportation will occur in the summer of 2011. Marlen Rodriguez is a woman that migrated to the United States from Cuba without the ability to read, write and understand English. The documents she was required to sign were required to begin working and in English. Marlen Rodriguez did not possess a level of sophistication or skills to negotiate or understand Section 3 i Employee Acknowledgments. There exists an immense disparity of sophistication between the Plaintiff and Defendant which is unconscionable. Additionally, Section 3 i Employee Acknowledgments is a contract of adhesion not subject to negotiations. (see composite Exhibit #3, PLAINTIFF, MARLEN RODRIGUEZS AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF REPONSE IN OPPOSTION TO DEFENDANTS MOTION TO DISMISS, OR ALTERNATIVE, TO COMPEL ARBITRATION AND STAY THIS ACTION PENDING ARBITRATION).
Marlen Rodriguez filed a claim with the EEOC regarding the subject matter of this Claim (sexual harassment and retaliation), and more than one hundred eighty (180) days has passed since the filing of said charge of discrimination. The Plaintiff initially timely filed the original Complaint in state Court which was subsequently transferred to Federal Court on August 8, 2014. 6
Marlen Rodriguez, a female, has been subjected to sexual remarks, statements and advancements and a sexually hostile work environment in her employment with Medical Transportation Management Corporation. The sexual harassment of Marlen Rodriguez by t eassistant manager, Mr. Handel, consisted of: inappropriate text messaging suggesting sexual contact; constant and relentless pressure to engage in a romantic, sexual relationship; unwanted and unsolicited physical touching of Marlen Rodriguez; hovering (leaning) over Marlen Rodriguez while she was at work; unprecedented personal attention and convenient scheduling. After continuous sexual harassment, the Marlen Rodriguez could no longer live under the turmoil of being a victim of the sexual harassment; Marlen Rodriguez filed an internal sexual claim on February 14, 2012 against Mr. Albert Handal and Mr. Francisco Garcia. The internal claim alleged that Mr. Garcia exposed his genitals to Marlen Rodriguez as well as showing her condoms, a bottle of Viagra, while in the ambulance they were teamed to drive. After Marlen Rodriguez filed the internal sexual harassment claim, Mr. Garcia, as dispatcher, retaliated against the Marlen Rodriguez by assigning her late night shifts and reduction in work hours. On March 5 th , 2012, Mr. Alberto Handel, Assistant, Manager along with Mr. Argulles, Chief Operating Officer, personally terminated the Marlen Rodriguez , 19 days after the filing of the internal sexual harassment charges. Medical Transportation Management Corporation failed and refused to take appropriate remedial action after Marlen Rodriguez reported that she was the victim of sexual harassment. 7
By failing to discipline the perpetrator of the sexual harassment described herein, delaying moving Marlen Rodriguez away from the perpetrator, and failing to conduct a timely and thorough investigation, AMC condoned sexual harassment in the workplace, the nature of which action violates Chapter 760, Florida Statutes. After the internal claim was filed on February 14, 2012, Marlen Rodriguez was disciplined on three occasions from February 15, 2012 to February 27, 2012 for filing the sexual harassment claim in an untimely fashion, calling in sick at the last minute, and for a client claim. Marlen Rodriguez was terminated on March 5, 2012, by Mr. Handel and Mr. Argulles, Chief Operating Officer, for absenteeism and customer claim. The Marlen Rodriguez was discharged nineteen (19) days after she filed the internal sexual harassment claim.
. The acts alleged in this Claim constitute a violation of Section 760.10(7), Florida Statutes, it is an unlawful employment practice for an employer to discriminate against any person because that person has opposed any practice which is an unlawful employment practice under this section, or because that person has made a charge, testified, assisted in any manner in an investigation, proceeding or hearing under this section. Additionally, the actions described constitute a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e-2, regarding unlawful employment practices. 42 U.S.C. Section 2000 makes it an unlawful employment practice for an employerto discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individualssex.. 8
On or about February 10, 2014 the EEOC issued a Letter of Determination in regard to Marlen Rodriguezs charge of discrimination and retaliation against AMC, finding "reasonable cause to believe that a violation of the statute(s) has occurred." On or about February 10, 2014, the EEOC issued to Marlen Rodriguez a Notice of Right to Sue. On May 5 th , 2014 four count Complaint for Damages was filed by Marlen in the Circuit Court of Miami-Dade, Florida; Case Number: 2014 11976 CA 01. A copy of the Complaint is attached to Defendants Motion for Removal dated August 8, 2014 ( D.E. #1) Rodriguez against AMC. The Complaint alleges four counts: Count I. SEXUAL HARASSMENT - STATE CLAIM, pursuant to Section 760.10, Florida Statutes; Count II. RETALIATION - STATE CLAIM, pursuant to Section 760.10, Florida Statutes; Count III. SEXUAL HARASSMENT FEDERAL CLAIM, pursuant to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e-2; and Count IV. RETALIATION FEDERAL CLAIM pursuant to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e-3. Both the State of Florida Statutes and Federal Statutes provide the opportunity to trial by jury, which the Plaintiff demanded at the time of filing the initial complaint.
ARGUMENT Whether the arbitration provision attached to the Defendants Motion Dismiss is unconscionable, unenforceable and/or voidable under applicable state and/or Federal law is resolving the violations of law as plead in the complaint. ( Section I and Section II of Defendants Motion, D.E #7 ) 9
Courts consider three elements under the Florida Arbitration Act and federal statutory provisions when ruling on a motion to compel arbitration: (1) whether a valid written agreement to arbitrate exists; (2) whether an arbitrable issue exists; and (3) whether the right to arbitration was waived. Seifert v. U.S. Home Corp., 750 So. 2d 633, 636 (Fla. 1999) (quoting Terminix Int'l Co. v. Ponzio, 693 So. 2d 104, 106 (Fla. 5 th DCA 1997)). The present case implicates only the first elementwhether a valid written agreement to arbitrate exists. In Roberto Basulto, et al. v. Hialeah Automotive, etc., et al., No. SC09-2358, 2014 WL 1057334 (March 20, 2014) a 5-2 majority of the Florida Supreme Court held that arbitration clauses contained in various agreements signed by the Spanish-speaking petitioners relating to their purchase of a Dodge Caravan from a car dealership were unenforceable. The Florida Supreme Court upheld the trial court's ruling that the arbitration clauses could not be enforced because they were conflicting and unconscionable. In doing so, the Florida Supreme Court quashed the Third District Court of Appeal's (DCA) opinion in Hialeah Auto., LLC v. Basulto, 22 So.3d 586 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009), because the appellate court failed to apply the proper standard enunciated by the court in Seifert v. U.S. Home Corp., 750 So.2d 633 (Fla. 1999) when ruling on a motion to compel arbitration. The Basultos a married couple from Cuba who did not speak English purchased a 2005 Dodge Caravan from Hialeah Automotive in 2004. When they purchased the vehicle, they signed various agreements all of which were in English. A dispute arose between the parties when the Basultos attempted to return the vehicle to Hialeah Automotive. The Basultos later filed an action against Hialeah Automotive in Miami-Dade Circuit Court asserting claims for fraud in the inducement and violation of the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act. 10
In response, Hialeah Automotive moved to compel arbitration pursuant to the arbitration clauses contained in the agreements signed by the Basultos. An evidentiary hearing was held in which the trial court heard testimony from various witnesses, including the Basultos and certain sales representatives of Hialeah Automotive who were directly involved in the sale of the vehicle. Following the hearing, the trial court concluded that there was no valid agreement to arbitrate. In support of its decision, the trial court noted that there were several inconsistencies between the agreements signed by the Basultos. For example, one agreement called for arbitration by a single arbitrator while another required arbitration by a panel of three arbitrators. Additionally, the agreements contained jury waiver clauses, which implied a right to litigate disputes in court. The trial court also found that the sales representatives did not understand the arbitration process and therefore could not have been able to adequately explain arbitration to the Basultos nor the rights that they were waiving by signing the agreements, such as their waiver of the right to seek punitive damages or class action status. The trial court also found that the agreements were unenforceable because they were unconscionable. On appeal, the Third District affirmed in part, and reversed in part, the trial court's decision. The Third District affirmed the trial court's decision to compel arbitration of the Basultos' claims for declaratory and injunctive relief, but held that arbitration was mandated for their claims for monetary relief under one of the agreements. The Florida Supreme Court quashed the Third District's decision and remanded the case with instructions to reinstate the trial court's judgment based on controlling precedent. Specifically, the Court found that the Third District failed to properly apply the following 11
elements set forth in Seifert that courts must consider when ruling on a motion to compel arbitration: (1) whether a valid agreement to arbitrate exists, (2) whether an arbitrable issue exists, and (3) whether the right to arbitration was waived. The Florida Supreme Court held that the Third District failed to address the first prong of the Seifert test, which the trial court considered and found was lacking because the subject arbitration clauses were unenforceable for the reasons explained above. The Florida Supreme Court also exercised its discretionary authority to clarify the unconscionability defense to prevent the enforcement of an otherwise binding arbitration agreement. The Court held that procedural unconscionability (which is concerned with the manner in which a contract is entered into) and substantive uncionscionability (which focuses on the fairness of a contract's terms) must be established to prevail on the defense. However, procedural and substantive unconscionability do not need to be present to the same degree in order to prevail on the defense. Rather, the Court agreed with the balancing test adopted by several Florida appellate courts under which both components of unconscionability must be evaluated interdependently "allowing one prong to outweigh another provided there is at least a modicum of the weaker prong." Basulto, 2014 WL 1057334 at * 18 (citing VoiceStream Wireless Corp. v. U.S. Commc'ns, Inc., 912 So.2d 34, 39 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005)). The applicable provision of the Florida Arbitration (1) A party to an agreement or provision for arbitration subject to this law claiming the neglect or refusal of another party thereto to comply therewith may make application to the court for an order directing the parties to proceed with arbitration in accordance with the terms thereof. If the court is satisfied that no substantial issue exists as to the making of the agreement or provision, it shall grant the 12
application. If the court shall find that a substantial issue is raised as to the making of the agreement or provision, it shall summarily hear and determine the issue and, according to its determination, shall grant or deny the application Act. In the present case the arbitration clause is procedurally unconscionable and substantively unconscionable. The doctrine of unconscionability is ordinarily a common law principle applicable to all contracts, the FAA will not operate to preempt an unconscionability argument made in opposition to an arbitration agreement. Thus, a party may challenge the validity of an arbitration provision by arguing that the provision is unconscionable under applicable state law. For example, in Iberia Credit Bureau, Inc. v. Cingular Wireless L.L.C., 379 F.3d 159, 170 (5th Cir. 2004).the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld two arbitration clauses but struck down a third, finding the arbitration provision unconscionable under Louisiana law because it completely exempted the drafter from arbitration, but did not similarly exempt the consumer. In so ruling, the Fifth Circuit found that Louisiana law concerning unconscionability applied with equal force to all contracts and therefore was not preempted by the FAA. To understand when an arbitration agreement will be held unconscionable, it is important to first understand what courts look for to determine unconscionability. Before finding an agreement to be unconscionable, courts usually require that there be both procedural and substantive unconscionability. See, e.g., Adler v. Dell, Inc., No. 08-CV-13170, 2008 WL 5351042, at *9 (E.D. Mich. Dec. 18, 2008) (noting that test for determining unconscionability under Michigan and Texas state law is the same; a plaintiff must prove both procedure and substantive unconscionability); La Torre v. BFS Retail and Comm. Operations, LLC, No. 08- 13
22046-CIV, 2008 WL 5156301, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 8, 2008) (Under Florida law, in order for a contract provision to be deemed unconscionable, it must be shown that the provision is both procedurally and substantively unconscionable.). Procedural unconscionability focuses on the disparate bargaining power of the parties, including whether one party was more sophisticated than the other, and whether the contract was one of adhesion Blacks Law Dictionary 318-19 (7th ed. 1999) (defining the term adhesion contract). i.e., a standard form contract drafted solely by one party and to be signed by the party in the weaker position (typically the consumer). Substantive unconscionability measures whether the provisions of the agreement itself are unfair as to one party. See, e.g., Adler, 2008 WL 5351042. There is no bright line that can be drawn between an arbitration agreement that is merely unequal, but nevertheless valid, and one that is so one-sided it will be deemed unconscionable. Courts that have considered this issue generally deem arbitration provisions unconscionable where carve-outs exempt the drafter from the obligation to arbitrate, but bind the non-drafting party to the arbitral forum. See, e.g., Iberia Credit Bureau, Inc., 379 F.3d at 170; see also Wisconsin Auto Title Loans, Inc. v. Jones, 714 N.W.2d 155, 549-50 & n. 56 (Wis. 2006) A more difficult question arises when the agreement contains carve-outs for specific remedies, which are likely to be sought by the drafter, but does not contain similar carve-outs for remedies that the non-drafting party would likely pursue. For example, in Ferguson v. Countrywide Credit Industries, Inc., the Ninth Circuit held that an arbitration provision in an employment contract was unconscionable because it expressly included claims that the employee might seek breach of contract, discrimination, and harassment but exempted remedies that the employer would likely pursue injunctive relief for intellectual property violations, unfair competition, 14
and use or disclosure of trade secrets. Ferguson v. Countrywide Credit Indus., Inc., 298 F. 3d 778, 784-85 (9th Cir. 2002); see also Abramson v. Juniper Networks, Inc., 115 Cal. App. 4th 638, 664-66 (Cal. Ct. App. 2004) (finding provision in employment contract requiring parties to arbitrate all claims except those related to trade secrets, confidential information and other intellectual property lacking mutuality and thus substantively unconscionable).
Another potential obstacle to arbitration provisions arises when an agreement to arbitrate necessarily involves waiving the right to have ones case heard by a jury. In most states, the right to a jury trial is waivable, but in general, courts only enforce predispute jury waivers that are entered into knowingly and voluntarily. See, e.g., Med. Air Tech. Corp. v. Marwan Inv., Inc., 303 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2002); Telum, Inc. v. E.F. Hutton Credit Corp., 859 F.2d 835 (10th Cir. 1988); K.M.C. Co., Inc. v. Irving Trust Co., 757 F.2d 752 (6th Cir. 1985); Natl Equip. Rental, Ltd. v. Hendrix, 565 F.2d 255 (2d Cir. 1977). The exceptions to this rule are California and Georgia where those states courts have interpreted their respective constitutions to forbid predispute jury waivers. See Grafton Partners L.P. v. Superior Court, 116 P.3d 479 (Cal. 2005); Bank South N.A. v. Howard, 444 S.E.2d 799 (Ga. 1994). Federal courts, however, will apply federal law to determine whether a jury waiver is valid, even where the federal court has jurisdiction only by way of diversity. There is no standard test applied by courts to determine whether a partys waiver of the right to a jury was made knowingly and voluntarily. Rather, courts consider the totality of the circumstances to decide whether a particular waiver should be enforced. Federal courts frequently begin the analysis with the maxim that there is a presumption against denying a jury 15
trial based on a waiver. That presumption, however, is not strictly enforced, and federal courts generally uphold contractual jury waivers. Although there is no universal test that courts apply, they frequently consider some or all of the following factors in examining the totality of the circumstances: 1) whether the contract is a standardized form or newly drafted; 2) whether the waiver is in fine print or large print; 3) whether the waiver is distinct in some way based on the print type; 4) whether the waiver is set apart in its own paragraph; 5) whether the contract is one of adhesion; 6) whether the contract was negotiated at arms length; 7) the length of the contract and the placement of the waiver within it; 8) whether there was disparate bargaining power between the parties; 9) whether both parties waived the right to a jury; 10) whether the parties were sophisticated; 11) whether the parties were represented by counsel; and 12) whether the parties had an opportunity to review the waiver. Med. Air Tech. Corp., 303 F.3d at 19 n.4 (noting that [i]n analogous situations we have looked to the totality of circumstances, including factors such as the waiving partys education and business experience, the respective roles of the parties in determining the terms of the waiver, the clarity of the agreement, the amount of time the waiving party had to consider the waiver, whether the waiving party was represented by counsel, and the consideration offered for the waiver, to determine if the waiver was knowing and voluntary); Telum, Inc., 859 F.2d at 837 (listing inconspicuous fine print or a gross disparity in bargaining power as factors weighing in favor of invalidating a jury waiver provision); K.M.C. Co., Inc., 757 F.2d at 757; Natl Equip. Rental, Ltd., 565 F.2d at 258. CONCLUSION 16
In conclusion, the document titled Section 3 i Employee Acknowledgments which contains an arbitration clause is not enforceable due to an invalid jury waiver, the failure to include the name of the Defendant leaving the document vague, the substantive and procedural unconscionability of the agreement and the totality of the circumstances as set forth above. In the event the Court should determine Section 3 i Employee Acknowledgments as a valid binding agreement it would be unjust to dismiss this cause of action due to the statute of limitations having expired. The appropriate alternative is to stay the proceedings and compel arbitration. WHEREFORE, the Plaintiff, Marlen Rodriguez, respectfully requests this Court deny the Defendants Motion to Dismiss and Order the Defendant file a response within fourteen days. If the Court grants the relief requested by the Defendant the Court should compel arbitration and stay the proceedings pending the outcome of the arbitration process. Dated: September 4, 2014 The Martinez Law Center, P.A. 7855 NW 12th Street - Suite 218 Doral, FL 33126 TEL: 305-456-9377 FAX: 305-397-0900
By: /s/ Edward A. Martinez Edward A. Martinez, ESQ. Florida Bar No.: 618195 ed@themartinezlawcenter.com
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on September 4, 2014, I electronically filed the foregoing document with the Clerk of the Court using CM/ECF. I also certify that the foregoing document is being served this day on all counsel of record identified on the Service List in the manner specified, either via transmission of Notices of Electronic Filing generated by CM/ECF or in some other authorized manner for those counsel or parties who are not authorized to receive electronically Notices of Electronic Filing system: By: /s/ Edward A. Martinez Edward A. Martinez, ESQ. Florida Bar No.: 618195 ed@themartinezlawcenter.com Counsel for Plaintiff, Marlen Rodriguez.
SERVICE LIST
Richard Greiffenstien, Esq. Roig, Tutan, Rosenberg, Martin, Stroller, Zumpano & Bellido Attorney for Defendant 500 South Dixie Highway, Suite 302 Coral Gables, Florida 33146 Email: rgreiffenstein@roiglawyers.com
PLAINTIFF'S OPPOSITION TO DEUTSCHE BANK DEMMURRER TO FOURTH AMENDED COMPLAINT RIVERSIDE SUPERIOR COURT JUDGE WHITEOpp-dbntc 4ac - Dem STR RJN BK Ind Mers 04052011