Q101 THE MAXIMUM POWER THAT CAN BE HANDLED BY A FERRITE

COMPONENT IS LIMITED BY
(a)curie temperature
(b)saturation magnetization
(c)line width
(d)gyromagnetic resonance
ans-a

Q102 A PIN DIODE IS
(A)a metal semiconductor point contact diode
(b)a microwave mixer diode
(c)often used as a microwave detector
(d)suitable for use as a microwave switch
ans-d

Q103 A DUPLEXER IS USED
(a)to couple two different antennas to a transmitter without mutual interference
(b)to allow the one antenna to be used for reception or transmission without mutual
interference
(c)to prevent interference b/w two antennas when they are connected to a receiver
(d)to increases the speed of the pulses in a pulsed radar
ans-b

Q104 FOR SOME APPLICATION CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE MAY BE PREFERRED
OVER RECTANGULAR ONE BECAUSE OF
(a)the smaller cross section needed at any frequency
(b)lower attenuation
(c)freedom from spurious modes
(d)rotation of polarisation
ans-b

Q105 INDICATE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CANNOT BE FOLLOWED BY THE
WORD WAVEGUIDE
(a)elliptical
(b)flexible
(c)coaxial
(d)ridged
ans-c

IN ORDER TO REDUCE CROSS SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS,THE WAVEGUIDE TO
USE IS
(a)circular
(b)ridged
(c)rectangular
(d)flexible
ans-b

Q107 FOR LOW ATTENUATION BEST TRANSMISSION MEDIUM IS
(a)flexible waveguide
(b)ridged waveguide
(c)rectangular waveguide
(d)coaxial line
ans-c

Q108 A MICROWAVE TUBE AMPLIFIER USES AN AXIAL MAGNETIC FIELD AND
A RADIAL ELECTRIC FIELD .THIS IS A
(a)reflex klystron
(b)coaxial magnetron
(c)travelling wave magnetron
(d) cfa
ans-d

Q109 ONE OF THE FOLLOWING IS UNLIKELY TO BE USED AS A PULSED
DEVICE.IT IS A
(a)multicavity klystron
(b)bwo
(c)cfa
(d)twt
ans-b

Q110 ONE OF THE REASON WHY VACCUM TUBES EVENTUALLY FAIL AT
MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES IS THAT THEIR
(a)nf increase
(b)transit time become too short
(c)shunt capacitive reactances become too large
(d)series inductive reactances become too small
ans-a

Q111 INDICATE THE FALSE STATEMENT .TRANSIT TIME IN MICROWAVE TUBE
WILL BE REDUCED IF
(a)the electrodes are brought together
(b)a higher anode current is used
(c)multiple or coaxial leads r used
(d)the anode voltage is made large
ans-c

Q112 THE MULTICAVITY KLYSTRON
(a)is not a good low level amplifier because of noise
(b)has a high repeller voltage to ensure a rapid transit time
(c)is not suitable for pulsed operation
(d)needs a long transit time through the buncher cavity to ensure current modulation
ans-a

Q113 INDICATE THE FALSE STATEMENT.KLYSTRON AMPLIFIERS MAY USE
INTERMEDIATE CAVITIES TO
(a)prevent the oscillations that occurs in two cavity klystron
(b)increase the bw
(c)improve the power gain
(d)increase the efficiency of the klystron
ans-a

Q114 THE TWT IS SOMETIMES PREFERRED TO THE MULTICAVITY KLYSTRON
AMPLIFIER ,BECAUSE THE FORMAR
(a)is more efficient
(b)has a greater bw
(c)has a higher number of modes
(d)produses a higher o/p power
ans-b

Q115 THE TRANSIT TIME IN THR REPELLER SPACE OF A REFLEX KLYSTRON
MUST BE N+3/4 CYCLE TO ENSURE THAT
(a)electrons r accelerated by the gap voltage on their return
(b)returning electrons gives energy to rhe gap oscillations
(c)it is equal to the period of the cavity oscillations
(d)the repeller is not damaged by stricking electrons
ans-b

Q116 THE CAVITY MAGNETRON USE STRAPPING TO
(a)prevent mode jumping
(b)prevent cathod back heating
(c)ensure bunching
(d)improve the phase focusing
ans-a

Q117 A MAGNETIC FIELD IS USED IN THE CAVITY MAGNETRON TO
(a)prevent anode current in the absence of oscillations
(b)ensure that the oscillations r pulsed
(c)help in focusing the electron beam,thus preventing spreading
(d)ensure that the electrones will orbit around the cathod
ans-d

Q118 TO AVOID DIFFICULTIES WITH STRAPPING AT HIGH FREQUENCYS,THE
TYPE OF CAVITY STRUCTUER USED IN THE MAGNETRON IS THE
(A)HOLE AND SLOT
(b)slot
(c)vane
(d)rising sun
ans-d

Q119 THE PRIMARY PURPOSE PF THE HELIX IN THE TWT IS
(a)prevent the electron beam spreading in the long tube
(b)reduce axial velocity of the rf field
(c)ensure broadband operation
(d)reduce the noise figure
ans-b

Q120THE ATTENUATOR IN THE TWT IS USED FOR
(a)help focusing
(b)prevent oscillations
(c)prevent saturatuion
(d)increase gain
ans-b

Q121 PERIODIC PERMANENT MAGNET FOCUSING IS USED WITH TWT TO
(a)allow pulsed operation
(b)improve electron bunching
(c)avoid the bulk of an electromagnet
(d)allow coupled cavity operation at the high frequency
ans-c

Q122 THE TWT IS SOMETIMES PREFERRED TO THE MAGNETRON AS A RADAR
TRANSMITTER O/P TUBE BECAUSE IT IS
(a)capable of longer duty cycle
(b)a more efficient amplifier
(c)more broadband
(d)less noise
ans-a

Q123 A MAGNETRON WHOSE OSCILLATING FREQUENCY IS ELECTRONICALLY
ADJUSTABLE OVER A WIDE RANGE IS CALLED
(a)coaxial magnetron
(b)ditcher tuned magnetron
(c)frequency agile magnetron
(d)vtm
ans-d

Q124 INDICATE WHICH OF THEE FOLLOWING IS NOT A TWTY SLOW WAVE
STRUCTURE
(a)periodic permanent magnet
(b)coupled cavity
(c)helix
(d)ring bar
ans-a

Q125 THE GLASS TUBE OF A TWT MAY BE COATED WITH AQUADAG TO
(a)help focusing
(b)provide attenuation
(c)improve bunching
(d)increse gain
ans-b

Q126 A BACKWARD WAVE OSCILLATOR IS BASED ON THE
(a)rising sun magnetron
(b)cross field amplifier
(c)coaxial magnetron
(d)travelling wave tube
ans-d

Q127 A PARAMATRIC AMPLIFIER MUST BE COOLED
(a)because paramatric amplifications generates a lot of heat
(b)to increase bw
(c)because it cannot operate at room temp
(d)to improve the noise performance
ans-d

Q128 A RUBY MASER AMPLIFIER MUST BE COOLED
(a)because maser amplifiers generats a lot of heat
(b)to increase bw
(c)because it can not operate at room temp
(d)to improve the noise performance
ans-c

Q129 THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM USING TWO GROUND PLANES IS
(a)microstrip
(b)elliptical waveguide
(c)parallel wire line
(d)stripline
ans-d

Q130 INDICATE THE FALSE STATEMENT.AN ADVANTAGE OF USING
STTRIPLINE OVER WAVEGUIDE IS its
(a)smaller bulk
(b)greater bw
(c)higher power handling capability
(d)greater compatibility with solid state device
ans-c

Q131 INDICATE THE FALSE STATEMENT.AN ADVANTAGE OF USING STRIPLINE
OVER MICROSTRIPLINE IS ITS
(a)easier integration with semiconductor devices
(b)lower tendency to radiate
(c)higher isolation b/w ajacent ckts
(d)higher q
ans-a

Q132 SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATE IN
(a)gallium arsenide
(b)indium phosphste
(c)stripline
(d)quartz crystal
ans-d

Q133 SAW DEVICES MAY BE USED AS
(a)transmission media like stripline
(b)filters
(c)uhf amplifiers
(d)oscillator at milimiter frequency
ans-b

Q134 INDICATE THE FALSE STATEMENT.FET'S R PREFERRED TO BIPOLAR
TRANSISTOR AT THE HIGHEST FREQUENCIES BECAUSE THEY ARE
(a)less noisy
(b)lend themselves more readily to integration
(c)are capable of higher efficiencies
(d)can provide higher gain
ans-b

Q135 THE BIGGEST ADVANTAGE OF THE TRAPATT DIODE OVER THE IMPATT
DIODE IS IT'S
(a)lower noise
(b)higher efficiency
(c)ability to operate at higher frequency
(d)lesser sensitivity to harmonics
ans-b

Q136 INDICATE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DIODE WILL PRODUCE THE
HIGHEST PULSED POWER O/P
(a)varactor
(b)gunn
(c)schottky diode
(d)rimpatt diode
ans-d

Q137 INDICATE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DIODE DOES NOT USES -VE
RESISTANCE IN IT'S OPERATION
(a)backward
(b)gunn
(c)impatt
(d)tunnel
ans-a

Q138 ONE OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT USED AS A MICROWAVE MIXER OR
DETECTOR
(a)crystal diode
(b)schottky barrier diode
(c)backward diode
(d)pin diode
ans-d

Q139 ONE OF THE FOLLOWING MICROWAVE DIODE IS SUITABLE FOR VERY
LOW POWER OSCILLATOR ONLY
(a)tunnel
(b)avalanche
(c)gunn
(d)impatt
ans-a

Q140 THE TRANSFERRED-ELECTRON BULK EFFECT OCCURS IN
(a)germenium
(b)gallium arsenide
(c)silicon
(d)metal semiconductor junctions
ans-b

Q141 THE GAIN BW FREQUENCY OF A MICROWAVE TRANSISTOR,is THE
FREQUENCY AT WHICH
(a)alpha of the transistor falls by 3db
(b)beta of the transistor falls by 3 db
(c)power gain of the transistor falls to unity
(d)beta of the transistor falls to unity
ans-d

Q142 A VARACTOR DIODE MAY BE USEFUL AT MICROWAVE
FREQUENCY(INDICATE THE FALSE STATEMENT)
(A)for electronic tunning
(b)for frequency multiplication
(c)as an oscillator
(d)as a paramatric amplifier
ans-c

143 FOR A MICROWAVE TRANSISTOR TO OPERATE AT THE HIGHEST
FREQUENCY(INDICATE THE FALSE STATEMENT)
(a)collector voltage must be large
(b)collector current must be large
(c)base should be thin
(d)emitter area must be large
ans-d

Q144 IF HIGH ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLICATION IS REQUIRED FROM A
DIODE MULTIPLIER
(a)the resestive cutoff frequency must be high
(b)a small value of base resistance is required
(c)a step recovery diode must be used
(d)a large range of capacitance variation is needed
ans-c

Q145 TRAVELLING WAVE PARAMATRIC AMPLIFIER ARE USED TO
(a)provide a greater gain
(b)reduce the number of varactor diode required
(c)avoid the need of coupling
(d)provide a greater bw
ans-d

Q146 A PARAMATRIC AMPLIFIER SOMETIMES USES A CIRCULATOR TO
(a)prevent noise feedback
(b)allow antenna to be used simultaneously for transmission and reception
(c)seperate the signal and idler frequency
(d)permit more efficient pumping
ans-a

Q147 THE NON DEGENERATED ONE PORT PARAMATRIC AMPLIFIER SHOULD
HAVE A HIGH RATIO OF PUMP TO SIGNAL FREQUENC BECAUSE THIS
(a)permits satisfactory high frequency operation
(b)yields a low nf
(c)reduces pump power required
(d)permits satisfactory low frequency operation
ans-b

Q148 THE TUNNEL DIODE
(a)has a tiny hole through it's center to facilitate tunneling
(b)ia a point contact diode with a very high reverse resistance
(c)uses a high doping level to provide a narrow junction
(d)works by quantam tunneling exhibited by gallium arsenide only
ans-c

Q149 A TUNNEL DIODE IS LOSELY COUPLED TO IT'S CAVITY IN ORDER TO
(a)increase the frequency stability
(b)increase the available -ve resistance
(c)faciliting tunning
(d)allow operation at the high frequency
ans-a

Q150 THE -VE RESISTANCE IN A TUNNEL DIODE
(a)is amximum at the peak point of the characteristics
(b)is available b/w peak n vally point
(c)is maximum at valley point
(d)may be improved by use of reverse bias
ans-b
Multiple Choice Questions 1
Solution at the bottom
1. The Wavelength correspond to Microwave frequency range is
a. 30 to 300GHz
b. 3 to 30 GHz
c. 0.3 to 3 Ghz
d. 300 to 3oooGHz

2.The main advantage of microwave is that-
a. Highly Directive.
b.Moves at the speed of light.
c.S/N ratio grater.
d. High penetration power.

3.Reflex Klystron is a -
a.Ampilfier.
b.Oscillator.
c.Attenuator.
d.Filter.

4.Klystron operates on the principle of-
a. Amplitude Modulation.
b.Frequency Modulation.
c.Pulse Modulation.
d.Velocity modulation.

5.In multicavity Klystron additional cavities are inserted between
buncher and catcher cavities to achieve-
a.Higher Gain
b.Higher Efficiency
c.Higher Frequency
d.Higher Bandwidth

6.The modes in the reflex Klystron -
a. give same frequency but different transit time.
b.are caused by spurious frequency modulation.
c.are just for theoretical consideration.
d.result from excessive transit time across resonator gap.

7.A reflex Klystron function as
a. Microwave Oscillator.
b.Amplifier
c.Phase shifter
d.Both amplifier and phase shifter

8.A space between two cavities in two cavity klystron is
a.Drift space
b.Free space
c.Running apce
d.Normal space

9. Magnetron is an
a. Amplifier
b.Oscillator
c. Phase shifter
d.Both phase shifter and amplifier

10.TWT is
a.Oscillator
b. Tuned Amplifier
c. Wide band Amplifier.
d.Both amplifier and Oscillator
Solution
1.b, 2.a, 3.b, 4.d, 5.a, 6.a, 7.a, 8.a, 9.b, 10.c
Directions: The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled the Assertion A
and the other labelled the Reason R. You are to examine these two statements carefully and
decide f the Assertion A and the Reason R are individually true and f so, whether the Reason
is a correct explanation of the Assertion. Select your answers to these items using the codes
given below and mark your answer sheet accordingly.
Codes:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) both A and R are true but R Is NOT a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
8. Assertion (A): By superimposing the log magnitude versus phase angle plot of open-loop
transfer function on Nichols chart, it is possible to determine the closed-loop frequency
response of the system.
Reason (R): Nichols chart gives constant M and N loci in the gain-phase plane.
Ans:-A
9. Assertion (A): A communication satellite is a microwave link repeater.
Reason (R): A communication satellite receives the signal beamed up by an earth station. It
amplifies this signal and retransmits it to ground station.
Ans:-B
10. Assertion (A): FM systems exhibit threshold.
Reason (R): Noise affects the instantaneous frequency in a non-linear fashion.
Ans:-B
11. The mean square value of the shot noise current
(a) Varies inversely as average current
(b) is independent of average current
(c) Varies as ?average current
(d) Varies directly as average current
Ans:- D
12. Consider the following features regarding satellite communication:
1. Height of Satellite
2: Downlink frequency
3. Gain of transmitting antenna
4. Gain of receiving antenna
The free space transmission loss depends on
(a) 1 and 3
(b) l and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 and 4
Ans:-B
13. In a Mesh topology of communication network, if there are N stations, the total number
of possible full duplex links is
(a) N1
(b) N (N1)
(c) N (N1) / 2
(d) (N-1) / 2
Ans:-D
14. Values of VSWR measured by terminating the load end of a transmission line first with
horn, then with a short and finally with a matched load, will be respectively
(a) 20, 1.9 and 1.01
(c) 1.9, 1.01 and 20
(b) 20, 1.01 and 1.9
(a) 1.9, 2O and 1.01
Ans:-D
15. In an 8085 microprocessor, the accumulator contents get altered by the instruction
(a) ANI 5C
(b) CMP C
(c) CPI 3A
(d) ORA A
Ans:- D
16. The maximum value of mutual Inductance of two inductively coupled coils with self
inductance L1 = 49 mH and L 2 = 81 mH is
(a) 130 mH
(b) 63 mH
(c) 32 mH
(d) 3969 mH
Ans:-B
17 . The resonant frequency of a series RLC circuit is 1.5 MHz with the resonating capacitor
set at l50 pF. If the bandwidth is 10 kHz, then the effective resistance of the circuit in Ohms
would be approximately
(a) 29.5
(b) 14.75
(c) 9.4
(d) 4.7
Ans:-B
18. The system y (t) = tx (t) + 4 is
(a) Non-linear, time-varying and unstable
(b) Linear, time-varying and unstable
(c) Non-linear, time-invariant and unstable
(d) Non-linear, time-varying and stable
Ans:-A
19. A signal of bandwidth 4 kHz is recorded in a tape recorder at normal speed. If for
transmission purposes, the recorder is replayed at 4 times the normal speed, then the
transmission bandwidth will be
(a) 16 kHz
(b) 8 kHz
(c) 4 kHz
(d) 1 kHz
Ans:-A
20. In LED, light is emitted because
(a) Recombination of charge carriers takes place
(b) Diode gets heated up
(c) Light falling on the diode gets amplified
(d) Light gets reflected due to lens action
Ans:-A
21. The gain of a negative feedback amplifier is 40 dB. If the attenuation of the feedback path
is 50 dB, then the gain of the amplifier without feedback is
(a) 78.92
(b) 146.32
(c) 215.51
(d) 317.23
Ans:-B
22. The following table provides a comparison of the performances of common base (CB),
common emitter (CE) and common collector (CC) configurations of a transistor:
Parameter CB CE CC
1. Input impedance low medium high
2. Current gain high low high
3. Voltage gain >1 >1 <1
In this table, the performances of CB, CE and CC have been correctly indicated in respect of
parameters
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) l and 3
Ans:-C
23. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
(a) If everything else is equal, then a 10 bit digital ramp ADC. will have a better resolution
but a longer conversion time than an 8 bit ADC
(b) The conversion time for a successive approximation increase with the increase in input
voltage
(c) A flash ADC does not contain a DAC
(d) VCO is the main component of a voltage to frequency ADC
Ans:-B
24. A full adder circuit may be constructed by using
(a) two 2-input AND gates and two 3-input. OR gates
(b) two half address and a 2-input AND gate
(c) two half address and a 2-input OR gate
(d) two 2-input AND gates and two 3-input XOR gates
Ans:-C
25. If (211) x = (152) g , then the value of base x is
(a) 3
(b) 5
(c) 7
(d) 9
Ans:-C

1. The velocity factor of a transmission line depends on
A. temperature
B. skin effect
C. relative permittivity of dielectric
D. none of the above
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

r
of a dielectric changes with humidity.
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2. A loss less line of characteristic impedance Z
0
is terminated in pure reactance of -jZ
0

value. VSWR is
A. 10 B. 2
C. 1 D. infinity
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A pure reactance does not absorb any power.
Therefore VSWR is infinite because |r
v
| = 1.
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3. In a klystron amplifier the input cavity is called
A. buncher
B. catcher
C. Pierce gun
D. collector
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A Klystron is a vacuum tube used for generation/amplification of microwaves.
An electron beam is produced by oxide coated indirectly heated cathode and is
focussed and accelerated by focussing electrode.
This beam is transmitted through a glass tube. The input cavity where the beam
enters the glass tube is called buncher.
As electrons move ahead they see an accelerating field for half cycle and retarding
field for the other half cycle.
Therefore, some electrons are accelerated and some are retarded. This process is
called velocity modulation.
The velocity modulation causes bunching of electrons. This bunching effect converts
velocity modulation into density modulation of beam.
The input is fed at buncher cavity and output is taken at catcher cavity.
In a two cavity klystron only buncher and catcher cavity are used. In multi cavity
klystron one or more intermediate cavities are also used.
The features of a multicavity klystron are :
1. Frequency range - 0.25 GHz to 100 GHz
2. Power output - 10 kW to several hundred kW
3. Power gain - 60 dB (nominal value)
4. Efficiency - about 40%.
A multicavity klystron is used in UHF TV transmitters, Radar transmitter and
satellite communication.
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4. In a circular waveguide the dominant mode is
A. TE
01
B. TE
11

C. TE
20
D. TE
21

Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Some applications require dual polarization capability. Circular waveguide has this
capability.
These analysis uses cylindrical coordinates.
In circular waveguide TE
11
mode has the lowest cut off frequency and is the
dominant mode.
If D is diameter of waveguide

c
= 1.706 D for TE
11
mode

c
= 1.029 D for TE
21
mode

c
= 0.82 D for TE
01
mode

c
= 1.306 D for TM
01
mode.
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5. The reflection coefficient on a line is 0.2 45. The SWR is
A. 0.8 B. 1.1
C. 1.2 D. 1.5
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:


Exercise
Section
1
Section
2
Section
3
Section
4
Section
5
Section
6
Section
7
Section
8
"When ambition
ends, happiness
begins."
- (Proverb)
6. Microwave resonators are used in
A. microwave oscillators
B. microwave narrow band amplifier
C. microwave frequency metres
D. all of the above
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
They are used in all the devices.
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7. Assertion (A): TWT uses a focussing mechanism to prevent the electron beam from
spreading.
Reason (R): In a TWT the electron beam has to travel a much longer distance than in
klystron.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A
C. A is correct but R is wrong
D. A is wrong but R is correct
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In a klystron the resonant structure limits the bandwidth.
A TWT is a broadband device. Its main components are electron gun (to produce the
electron beam) and a structure supporting the slow electromagnetic wave.
The velocity of wave propagation along the helix structure is less than velocity of
light.
The beam and wave travel along the structure at the same speed.
Thus interaction occurs between beam and wave and the beam delivers energy to the
RF wave.
Therefore the signal gets strengthened and amplified output is delivered at the other
end of tube.
The main features of TWT are :
1. Frequency range - 0.5 GHz to 90 GHz
2. Power output - 5 mW at low frequencies(less than 20 GHz) 250 kW (continuous
wave) at 3 GHz 10 MW (pulsed) at 3 GHz
3. Efficiency - about 5 to 20%
4. Noise - about 5 dB for low power TWT 25 dB for high power TWT
TWT is used as RF amplifier in broadband microwave receivers, repeater amplifier
in broad band communication systems, communication satellites etc.
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8. In a TWT the amplitude of resultant wave travelling down the helix
A. increases exponentially
B. increases linearly
C. decreases exponentially
D. is almost constant
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In a klystron the resonant structure limits the bandwidth.
A TWT is a broadband device. Its main components are electron gun (to produce the
electron beam) and a structure supporting the slow electromagnetic wave.
The velocity of wave propagation along the helix structure is less than velocity of
light.
The beam and wave travel along the structure at the same speed.
Thus interaction occurs between beam and wave and the beam delivers energy to the
RF wave.
Therefore the signal gets strengthened and amplified output is delivered at the other
end of tube.
The main features of TWT are :
1. Frequency range - 0.5 GHz to 90 GHz
2. Power output - 5 mW at low frequencies(less than 20 GHz) 250 kW (continuous
wave) at 3 GHz 10 MW (pulsed) at 3 GHz
3. Efficiency - about 5 to 20%
4. Noise - about 5 dB for low power TWT 25 dB for high power TWT
TWT is used as RF amplifier in broadband microwave receivers, repeater amplifier
in broad band communication systems, communication satellites etc.
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9. Which of the following is not a travelling wave?
A. e = E
m
sin (x - t)
B. e = E
m
cos (x - t)
C. e = E
m
sin (t - x)
D. e = E
m
sin (x)
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
In a travelling wave both x and t increase simultaneously so that a constant phase
point moves in the direction of positive (or negative) x.
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10. Both Impatt and Trapatt devices use avalanche effect
A. True B. False
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
An Impatt diode has n
+
- p - i - p
+
structure and is used with reverse bias.
It exhibits negative resistance and operates on the principle of avalanche
breakdown.
Impatt diode circuits are classified as broadly tunable circuit, low Q circuit and high
Q circuit.
The impedance of Impatt diode is a few ohms. The word Impatt stands for Impact
Avalanche Transit Time diode.
The features of Impatt diode oscillator are : frequency 1 to 300 GHz, Power output
(0.5 W to 5 W for single diode circuit and upto 40 W for combination of several
diodes), efficiency about 20%.
Its applications include police radar systems, low power microwave transmitter etc.
Avalanche diode can also be operated in large signal high efficiency mode called
Trapped Avalanche Transit Time mode.
The Trapatt oscillations depend on the delay in the current caused by avalanche
process.
The avalanche delay makes it possible to increase the diode voltage well above the
breakdown voltage.
Therefore a very rapid multiplication of charge carriers occurs. A Trapatt diode is
also a negative resistance device.
The features of Trapatt diode oscillator are : Frequency 3 to 50 GHz, Power output
1-3 W, efficiency about 25%.
Its applications are low power doppler radar, microwave beacon landing systetem
1. In a directional coupler
A. isolation (dB) equals coupling plus directivity
B. coupling (dB) equals isolation plus directivity
C. directivity (dB) equals isolation plus coupling
D. isolation (dB) equals (coupling) (directivity)
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Isolation equals coupling plus directivity.
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12. As the frequency is increased, the charging MVAR in a cable
A.decreases
B. increases
C.remain the same
D.decreases or remains the scheme
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Charging current and MVAR are proportional to frequency.
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13. Loss angle of a good quality cable is about
A.1 B. 30
C.70 D.90
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
For ideal dielectric loss angle is zero. For good quality cables, loss angle is very small,
about 1 only.
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14. In a three cavity klystron amplifier, the oscillations are excited in
A.input cavity
B. output cavity
C.intermediate cavity
D.both (a) and (b)
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
A Klystron is a vacuum tube used for generation/amplification of microwaves.
An electron beam is produced by oxide coated indirectly heated cathode and is focussed
and accelerated by focussing electrode.
This beam is transmitted through a glass tube. The input cavity where the beam enters the
glass tube is called buncher.
As electrons move ahead they see an accelerating field for half cycle and retarding field
for the other half cycle.
Therefore, some electrons are accelerated and some are retarded. This process is called
velocity modulation.
The velocity modulation causes bunching of electrons. This bunching effect converts
velocity modulation into density modulation of beam.
The input is fed at buncher cavity and output is taken at catcher cavity.
In a two cavity klystron only buncher and catcher cavity are used. In multi cavity klystron
one or more intermediate cavities are also used.
The features of a multicavity klystron are :
1. Frequency range - 0.25 GHz to 100 GHz
2. Power output - 10 kW to several hundred kW
3. Power gain - 60 dB (nominal value)
4. Efficiency - about 40%.
A multicavity klystron is used in UHF TV transmitters, Radar transmitter and satellite
communication.
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15. In the given figure reflection coefficient at load is

A.0.6
B. - 0.6
C.0.4
D.- 0.4
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation: