Mechanics of Solids (VDB1063)

Stresses in Beams
Flexural Formula
Lecturer: Dr. Montasir O. Ahmed
Learning Outcomes
To evaluate the bending stress by applying the flexural formula
LECTURE OUTLINES
Bending Deformation of a Straight Member
The Flexural Formula
Bending Deformation of a Straight Member
Assumptions regarding the way the stress deforms the material:
1. Length of longitudinal axis remains unchanged.
2. All cross sections remain plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
3. Any deformation of the cross section within its own plane will be neglected (Fig. 6-19b).
Deformation that occur when a straight beam is subjected to bending
M causes the material within the bottom portion to stretch and within the top portion to compress.
Consequently, between these regions there must be a surface (neutral surface) in which longitudinal
fibers of the material will not undergo change in length.
Bending Deformation of a Straight Member
Normal strain along is
and
Substituting this in the above equation we get
= lim
0

OR
=

= =

=
= lim
0

Bending Deformation of a Straight Member

The Flexural Formula
Assumptions:
The material behaves in a linear-elastic manner and therefore a linear variation of normal strain
must then be the result of a linear variation in normal stress.
Developing an equation that relates the stress distribution in a beam to the internal resultant
bending moment acting on the beams cross section
= -

By applying Hook, we can obtain from

The Flexural Formula

where

max
= max. normal stressin the member, which occur at distance c from the NA.
M = the resultant internal moment, determined from the method of section and the EOE and
calculated about the NA.
c = the perpendicular distance from the NA to a point farthest away from the NA. this is
where
max
act.
I = the moment of inertiaof the cross section area about the NA. =

+
2
= normal stressin the member, which occur at distance y from the NA.
The flexural formula is:
OR
= -

The Flexural Formula

I nternal Moment
Section the member at
the specified point to
obtain M.
If M
max
is to be
determined, then draw
the BMD.
Section property
Determine I
Normal stress
Apply the flexure
formula
Procedure for application the flexure formula
EXAMPLE
The simply supported beam in Fig. 626a has the cross-sectional
area shown in Fig. 626b. Determine the absolute maximum
bending stress in the beam and draw the stress distribution over the
cross section at this location.
10
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 4 (cont.)
The maximum internal moment in the beam, 22.5 kN.m, occurs at
the center.
By reasons of symmetry, the neutral axis passes through the
centroid C at the mid-height of the beam, Fig. 626b.
11
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Solutions
( )
( )( ) ( )( )( ) | | ( )( ) | |
( )
( )( )
( )
(Ans) MPa 7 . 12
10 3 . 301
17 . 0 10 5 . 22
;
m 10 3 . 301
3 . 0 02 . 0 16 . 0 02 . 0 25 . 0 02 . 0 25 . 0 2
6
3
4 6
3
12
1
2 3
12
1
2
= = =
=
+ + =
+ =

b
B
B
I
My
Ad I I
o o
EXAMPLE 4 (cont.)
A three-dimensional view of the stress distribution is shown in Fig. 626d.
At point B,
12
Solutions
( )( )
( )
MPa 2 . 11
10 3 . 301
15 . 0 10 5 . 22
;
6
3
= = =

B
B
B
I
My
o o
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Normal strain distribution for straight beam subjected to bending moment.
Using the flexural formula to predict the stress distribution in a beam subjected
to bending moment.
Important Points in this Lecture
= -

Next Class
Shear in Straight Members
The Shear Formula
Thank You