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MATH 337 Assignment 1 - Solutions

Section 1.2: 7) set y = x t and U(y, t) = u(x, t) = u(y + t, t), so u(x, t) = U(x t, t).
Then, by the chain rule, u
x
= U
y
and u
t
= U
y
+ U
t
, so our PDE becomes:
U
y
+ U
t
+ U
y
3U = t
U
t
3U = t
To solve this, we multiply both sides by the integrating factor e
3t
, yielding:
e
3t
U
t
3e
3t
U = e
3t
t

e
3t
U

t
= e
3t
t
Integrating yields:
e
3t
U =

e
3t
tdt + h(y)
=
te
3t
3
+

e
3t
3
dt + h(y)
=
te
3t
3

e
3t
9
+ h(y),
where the second step follows by integrating by parts with f = t and dg = e
3t
dt. Here,
h is an arbitrary function of y. Now, this means that U(y, t) =
t
3

1
9
+ h(y)e
3t
, or
u(x, t) =
t
3

1
9
+ h(x t)e
3t
. Imposing the initial conditions yields:
x
2
= u(x, 0) =
0
3

1
9
+ h(x 0)e
30
=
1
9
+ h(x)
Therefore, h(x) = x
2
+
1
9
, so our solution is u(x, t) =
t
3

1
9
+ [(x t)
2
+
1
9
]e
3t
.
Section 1.3: 3) Dene w(x, t) = u(x, t)
(lx)
l
g(t)
x
l
h(t). Note that w(0, t) = u(0, t)
g(t) and w(l, t) = u(l, t) h(t). So the given boundary conditions for u translate to
homogenous boundary conditions for w:
w(0, t) = u(0, t) g(t) = 0, w(l, t) = u(l, t) h(t) = 0, t 0.
Now note that u
t
= w
t
+
(lx)
l
g
t
+
x
l
h
t
and u
xx
= w
xx
, so our PDE expressed in terms
of w is
w
t
kw
xx
=
(l x)
l
g
t

x
l
h
t
, 0 < x < l, t > 0
1
2
which is a heat equation with a source term f(x, t) =
(lx)
l
g
t

x
l
h
t
. Finally, the initial
condition u(x, 0) = u
0
(x) translates to w(x, 0) = u
0
(x)
(lx)
l
g(0)
x
l
(h(0)), for 0 x l.
Section 1.3: 5) In the steady state, u is independent of t, ie, u = u(x). Therefore, u
t
= 0,
and our PDE becomes the ODE ku
xx
+ 1 = 0, with boundary conditinos u(0) = 0 and
u(1) = 1. We can solve this by integrating directly. We obtain:
ku
xx
+ 1 = 0
ku
x
+ x = A
ku +
x
2
2
= Ax + B
u =
x
2
2k
+
Ax
k
+
B
k
where A and B are constants.
Imposing the boundary conditions yields:
0 = u(0) =
0
2
2k
+
A 0
k
+
B
k
=
B
k
so that B = 0, and
1 = u(1) =
1
2
2k
+
A 1
k
=
1
2k
+
A
k
so that A = k +
1
2
. Therefore, the solution is u(x) =
x
2
2k
+ x +
x
2k
.
Note that this will be the steady state solution no matter what the inital condition is,
so it does not matter that no initial condition was specied.
Section 1.5: 5) Multiplying (1.28) by u
t
yields
0
u
t
u
tt
=
0
u
t
u
xx
. Dierentiating E(t)
yields:
E

(t) =
d
dt

l
0
(
1
2

0
u
2
t
+
1
2

0
u
2
x
)dx
=

l
0

t
(
1
2

0
u
2
t
+
1
2

0
u
2
x
)dx
=

l
0
(
0
u
t
u
tt
+
0
u
x
u
xt
)dx
=

l
0
(
0
u
t
u
xx
+
0
u
x
u
xt
)dx
=

l
0
(
0
u
t
u
x
)
x
dx,
3
where we have used the formula given in the hint. By the Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus, this is equal to
(
0
u
t
u
x
)|
x=l
x=0
=
0
(u
t
(l, t)u
x
(l, t) u
t
(0, t)u
x
(0, t))
Recall that our boundary conditions for this equation were of the form u(0, t) = 0, u(l, t) =
0 for all t 0 (see (1.31) in the text). Dierentiating these boundary conditions with
respect to t implies u
t
(0, t) = 0, u
t
(l, t) = 0; inserting these into the preceding equation
implies that E

(t) = 0, so that E(t) is constant, as desired.

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