You are on page 1of 8

A BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF HISTORICAL EVENTS

Iron age - Macedonians, formed during the Iron Age from a Brygian substratum and Indo-European super
stratum, settled here at the end of the II millennium;
The Macedonians, according to the legend, got their name from the mythological ancestor Makedon.
Maketa, the oldest name of Macedonia (Makedonis), as originally the name of the mythological female
ancestor Ma!eta"
VIII Century BC - The process of establishing a common state ta!es place under the I Macedonian dynasty -
the Argeadai, hich originates from Argos Orestikon" #f the legendary rulers, the last three, $aranus (cca" %&'),
$oenus and Tyrimmas, ere most probably historical !ings"
cca. 693-669 BC - (erdiccas ) founder of the Argeadai dynasty, Aegae as the capital"
498 454 BC - *ule of Ale+ander I, called ,the (hilhellene," In -%. B$, /oer Macedonia is united up to
Ennea Hodoi (later Amphipolis) on the ri0er 1trymon to the East, and to (ydna to the 1outh" Ale+ander is a
(ersian ally in the (ersian ars" The first coins bearing the !ing2s name are struc!" Around -'3 B$" 4erodotus
0isits Macedonia and describes the (ersian ars from a Macedonian point of 0ie (interpretatio macedonica).
So Macedon emerges on the international political scene"
453 413 BC - *ule of (erdiccas II" 4e helps inciting a ar beteen Athens, and 1parta (the leader of the
(eloponnesian league and initiates the foundation of an #lynthian league, comprising the 5ree! colonies on
$halcidice, for a ar against Athens" 6uring the (eloponnesian 7ar Macedonian !ings ere at times on the
side of Athens, and other times on the side of 1parta, depending of their interest, not anting either of them to
become too poerful"
413 399 BC - *ule of Archelaus" 4e builds straight roads, constructs fortresses, and re-organi8es the army"
Around -33 B$ (herrhaibia, a part of Thessaly, becomes a Macedonian pro0ince (strategia)" 4e established
(ella as the administrati0e center of Macedon, and founded Macedonian #lympic 5ames in Dion, the holy city
of the Macedonians" #ne of the main reasons for this as that barbarians ere forbidden to participate in the
5ree! #lympic 5ames, including Macedonians as ell" In -3' B$ the Macedonian poet Adaeus rites an
epitaph for the tomb stone of Athenian Euripides. Besides the apologetic or! Archelaus, Euripides, during his
stay in the palace of Archelaus, also rote the famous play Bacchae, inspired by the Macedonian cult of
6ionysos" The Macedonian assembly refuses to gi0e Euripides2 body to Athens ) his birthplace"
399 to 391 BC - After the death of Archelaus dynastic ars lasted . years"
391 BC - Amyntas III is pronounced a !ing" 4e led a policy of e+hausting and ea!ening the 5ree! poleis" In
9%:, he attended the congress at 1parta for the signing of the common peace agreement, not as a representati0e
of a 5ree! state, but as a concerned partner"
369 BC - Ale+ander II ages ar in Thessaly and lea0es Macedonian garrisons in Thessalian cities"
368 BC - The Boeotian league, led by (elopidas, interferes in the dynastic ars in Macedonia" (hilip II is ta!en
hostage to Thebes"
360/59 BC - (hilip II, ,the greatest man that had li0ed in Europe, unites Macedonia and enforces Macedonian
dominance upon the neighboring peoples; Thracians, Illyrians, Triballians and 5ree!s" In 9<%, Athens declares a
ar against him" The city is di0ided in to factions; antimacedonian, a.k.a" the 4ellenists (6emosthenes,
4yperides, /y!urgus) and promacedonian, a"!"a" the (hilippists (Iso!rates, Eubylus, (hilo!rates and others)" In
9<', Athens establishes an anti-Macedonian coalition ith the Illyrians, Thracians and the 6emosthenes
deli0ers the four Philippics, as ell as the three Olnthics in 9-&" The same year (hilip destroys 1tageira, the
birthplace of Aristotle, as ell as the city of #lynth in 9-." In 9-< B$, the Illyrians are con=uered, e+cept those
ho li0e along the Adriatic 1ea" In 9<> (hilip becames a tagos of the Thessalian /eague" (hilip settled
(hilippopolis (noadays (lo0di0) in Thrace ) then a macedonian strategia" ?rom 9-9 ) 9-3 B$ Aristotle stays
in Macedonia as a teacher of (hilip@s son Ale+ander" In 9-3, (hilip besieges By8antium and (erinth, he lea0es in
charge the si+teen years old Ale+ander, ho underta!es a campaign against the Maidoi and founded
Ale+andropolis" ?hilip as aging ar against the 1cythians (Iustin &">), and on his ay bac!, in 99& B$, he
defeats the Triballians on the northern border of Macedonia" In !!" B#. the 5ree!s are defeated at the battle of
$haeronea" (hilip becomes a hegemon to the 5ree!s ho sign a general peace treaty (koine eirene) in $orinth"
4e gi0es the 5ree!s autonomy and freedom under strict conditions, such as; prohibition of internecine ars and
coalitions; prohibition of changes in political structure by force; dri0ing into e+ile and confiscating property of
political opponents; prohibition for return of political refugees, for death penalties, for military ser0ice in
foreign countries, abolishment of debt, sla0e freeing, and prohibition for land redistribution" The four military
bases - Acrocorinth, $admeia in Thebes, $hal!is on Euboia and Ambracia - ere a guarantee for peace" This
general peace (koine eirene) dictated by the con=ueror, as not a league (the ord smmachia is peculiarly
absent), but a fictitiously generous document, hich disguised Macedonian dominance in 5reece, a temporary
institution that alloed inclusion of the 5ree! poleis in the monarchy more easily" Instead of ta+es, (hilip
imposed military ser0ice; there ere 5ree! soldiers in the campaigns in the East, but they did not participate in
any of the decisi0e battles because they ere, in a ay, hostages for peace and a guarantee for safety in the rear
of the 5ree! homeland" Aot only did they not ha0e an important role in any of the battles, but there ere no
5ree! commanders either" They ere not e0en present in the Macedonian phalan+" In 99' B$ during the
preparations for a campaign against (ersia, the ultimate goal of hich as to resol0e the =uestion of the
hegemony in the eastern Mediterranean, (hilip is !illed in Aegae during the edding of his daughter $leopatra"
336 - 323 BC - Ale+ander of Macedon, the 5reat, renes the koine eirene in the autumn, as ell as the
Macedonian dominance o0er the Thracians, Triballians and Illyrians" 4e as aging ar ith the 5etai, being
the first military leader to cross the ri0er 6anube" 4e subBugated the rebellious Thebes, destroyed after a
decision made by the council (snedrion) in $orinth" Inheriting the most poerful country, ith the most
organi8ed and unified army, Ale+ander III not only continues the campaign toards the East in 99- B$, but also
made the e+ploit of all times, ma!ing him the only undefeated military leader in history, and deser0ing the
epithet aniketos$ stretching not only the borders of the #ecumene toards the East, but also increasing the
!noledge of that time, gi0ing the orld a ne appearance, starting the ne historical era ) the 4ellenistic
(Macedonian) period, hich lasted until the fall of the last Macedonian monarchy (of the (tolemies,
descendants of /agos in Egypt) under *oman rule after the defeat in the battle of Actium, in 9: B$"
323 BC - After the death of Ale+ander, in the struggles for dominance of his associates (the Diadochoi), both
his sons ere !illed before reaching adulthood" This meant the disappearance of the Argeadai" As a result of
this, and of the in0asion of the $elts (>.< ) >%%C' B$) Macedonia as in chaos"
277 BC - Antigonos 5onatas, the grandson of Antigonos the #ne-eyed, founds the second Macedonian dynasty,
called the Antigonids, hose rule as filled ith battles in order to maintain Macedonian dominance in 5reece
and to protect it from the 6ardanian attac!s"
229 - 222/1 - Antigonos 6oson managed to establish a hegemony o0er the (eloponesus; because of the fear of
spatian hegemony and o0erfloing of social reforms in the others poleis he as in0ited by the leadear of Achaean
league; in >><C- they concluded a so called 4ellenic leage; a part from continental 5ree!s, the tons of $rete as a
Illyrians ere included" After the 0ictory at the battle of 1elassia, >>> B$" for the first time Macedonian army
entered in 1parta and established a firm Macedonian control"
221 179 BC - *ule of (hilip D ho has fought to ars against the *omains: 215-205, I *oman )
Macedonian ar; 200-196, II *oman ) Macedonian ar"
179 168 - *ule of (erseus, the last !ing of Antigonids@s dynastie ho has fought the III *oman ) Macedonian
ar :%:-:'.; (erseus is defeated in the battle of (ydna" Macedonia becomes semi-independent as a *oman
protectorate, (depri0ed of its e+ternal independence, but retaining internal self-go0ernance), and di0ided into
four parts" The populations as not alloed to inter-marry, trade or e+ploit the gold and sil0er mines and all
prominent Macedonians older than fifteen had to lea0e Macedonia ,0oluntarily", The *omans enforced these
economical and military measures to pre0ent reneal of the state and e0entual rebellion against them"

149 148 BC - Eprising of Andris!os, !non as (seudo - (hilippos" Macedonia as gi0en the status of a
pro0ince and this as the beginning of the so-called Macedonian pro0incial era"
148 BC - As the first pro0ince in the Bal!ans founded by the *omans, Macedonia as the target for military
attac!s by her neighbors and ser0ed as a base for *oman con=uests to the Aorth and Aortheast" The nely
con=uered territories ere added to Macedonia and as under the go0ernance of a *oman administrator, so the
pro0ince stretched from the 6anube ri0er in the Aorth, the Blac! 1ea (Pontos Eu%inos) in the East, to the
(eloponnesus in the 1outh"
49/50 AD - ?or the first time on European soil in the Macedonian tons of (hilippi, Thessalonica and Berrhoea,
the Apostle (aul preaches $hristianity" In <> and <9, he sends epistles to the people of Thessalonica; in <% he
comes to Macedonia again, and in '9 he sends epistles to the people of (hilippi"
III / IV - The economic and social crisis in the second half of the 9rd century as increased by the barbarian
attac!s from the north" Because of 5othic, attac!s the Macedonian tons built fortresses around them"
Macedonia as di0ided into to pro0inces, Macedonia Prima and Macedonia Salutaris"
V - The 4uns in0ade at the beginning of the century and the #strogoths attac! at the end of the century" In --%
1tobi (present-day (usto 5rads!o) and 4eracleia /yncestis (present-day Bitola) are destroyed" Macedonia as
di0ided once again into Macedonia Prima and Macedonia Secunda"
VI - In <:., an earth=ua!e demolishes 1cupi (present-day 1!opBe)" The 1la0ic attac!s started" In <:%, 1la0s
de0astate the Macedonian pro0inces; in <%.C& and <.:, there ere large 1la0ic in0asions, in <.'C% 1la0s reach
(eloponnesus" The Macedonian fortresses ere reneed, the number of cities drops from :33 to about -3"
VII - Beginning of the process of ethnogenesis of the modern Macedonian people, by mi+ing of the nati0es and
the 1la0s"
VIII - The principality (scla&inia) of Ber8itia, ith archdu!e A!amirus, is established on the territory of
Macedonia" This principality co0ered central Macedonia, from 1!opBe, in the Aorth, to Fostur (noadays
Fastoria) in the 1outh"
I - The 1la0ic tribes in Macedonia accept $hristianity" The brothers $yril and Methodius, ho created the
1la0ic alphabet (5lagolitic), are preachers of $hristianity and founders of 1la0ic literacy among the 1la0ic
people" Than!s to their acti0ity, the language of the 1la0s from Macedonia, after 5ree!, /atin and 4ebre,
becomes the fourth official language in hich $hristianity ould spread in Europe" Their students, $lement and
Aaum of #hrid, are the founders of the literary school in #hrid, hich is the first 1la0ic Eni0ersity"
- The Medie0al 1tate is established in Macedonia, hit center in (respa region and #hrid by the $8ar 1amuel
(&%' ) :3:.)"
I - The #hrid archbishopry is founded during the rule of $8ar 1amuel; (etar 6elian organises a rebellion
(:3-3-:3-:); 5Borgi Doytech organi8es a second rebellion (:3%>)"
II - The Macedonian feudal lord 6obromir 4rs becomes independent (::.<)"
III - The rule of the Macedonian feudal lord 1tre8 (:>3% ) :>:-)"
IV - The rule of the Dol!aGin dynasty in Macedonia (:9'' ) :9&<), The Fing 6imitriya Dol!aGin (:9'' )
:9%:) and the Fing Mar!o (:9%: ) :9&<) ho ha0e a capital in (rilep" Aear the end of HID century, Macedonia
falls under Tur!ish rule and remains as such for fi0e centuries (:9&< ) :&:>)"
VI - In Mario0o and (rilep, the people organi8e an uprising against the Tur!ish rule (:<'-C'<)"
VII - The FarpoG uprising (IFarpoGe0o 0ostanieJ) begins (:'.&)"
VIII - The #hrid archbishopry is abolished (:%'%)"
Second a!" o" te #I# cent$%&, the national and re0olutionary struggles for freedom in Macedonia begin; the
uprisings in *a8lo0ci (:.%'), and Fresna (:.%.)"
8/20 may 1876 - local uprising in eastern part of Macedonia lead by 6imitriBa (op 5eorgie0-Bero0s!i ho
ordered a ma!ing of a flag ith red lion on the yello ground, standing on the bac! legs, it is read
IMakedoni'aJ
1878 Macedonian uprising begins in Fresna, the little ton in (irin-Macedonia, in today2s Bulgaria (so it is
!nos as Fresna2s Eprising, the name imposed by Bulgarian historians in aim to a0oid the name Macedonian
and to IrepresentJ the rebels as a Bulgarians)" But the committee of rebels establishes the rules of the rebellion,
a sort of a constitution called Macedonian constitution, and their lead seal had the inscription ; Macedonian
uprising (")""
I - The nineteenth century represents a period of groth, !non as the Macedonian renaissance" The
foundations of modern Macedonian literature, literacy and de0elopment of education ere established" Most
distinguished representati0es are; Firil (eBcino0iK, Loa!im FrKo0s!i, 5BorgiBa (ules!i, (arteniya Mografs!i,
Lordan 4ad8i Fonstantino0 ) 6Ninot, 6imitar and Fonstantin Miladino0, 5rigor (rliKe0, Fu8man Oap!are0P
Bishop Theodosius from 1!opBe leads a mo0ement to re-establish an independent Macedonian #rthodo+
$hurch, by restoring the #hrid archbishopry"
!anuary 1892 - The first issue of the Bournal ,/o8a, (,Dine,, the editor as (etar (op Arso0) as published in
1ofia under the auspices of the Association IQoung Macedonian literary societyJ (Mlada makedonska kni*e&na
dru*ina), hose obBecti0e as to set the foundations of the Macedonian literary language and to bring it
forard as an official language in the educational system"
23r" #cto$er 1893 - In Thessalonica, 6r" 4risto TatarKe0, 6amBan 5rue0, (etar (op Arso0, I0an 4adNi Ai!olo0,
Anton 6imitro0 and 4risto BatandNie0 found The 1ecret Macedonian re0olutionary organi8ation (TM*#)" The
basic aim of the organisation as the achie0ement of autonomy for Macedonia" /eaders and ideologists ere
5oce 6elKe0 and 5BorKe (etro0"
1902 - The 1la0onic-Macedonian scientific and literary society I1s" $yril and MethodiusJ as founded in 1t"
(etersburg"
A%r&' 1903 - The *e0olutionaries of Thessalonica; A group of Macedonian re0olutionaries, !non as +emid*ii,
carry out a series of attac!s on a number of buildings in Thessalonica in order to dra attention of the European
public toards the situation of the Macedonian people"
Augu(t 2) 1903 - The Ilinden uprising begins" The rebels in the ton of FruGe0o create their go0ernment,
!non as the *epublic of FruGe0o (,ru-e&ska .epublika), hich lasted for :3 days"
1903 - Frste (et!o0 ) Misir!o0 publishes the boo! I#n Macedonian MattersJ (/a makedonskite raboti)" 4e
outlines the principles for standardi8ing the Macedonian literary language"
1904 ' #nce the Ilinden uprising has been suppressed a $ongress is held in *ila monastery and the TM*# is
restored under the name DM*# (IM*#), the ne $entral $ommittee is elected (6ame 5rue0, (ere ToGe0, T"
(op Antono0)"

1906 - DM*# dismembered in to fractions, the left and right ing, the last one closely attached ith the
official Bulgarian policy and recei0ing financial aid from Bulgaria"
1908 - The Qoung Tur! re0olution; The Qoung Tur! mo0ement, led by the Qoung Tur! $ommittee aims to
reform the Tur!ish society" The Internal Macedonian *e0olutionary #rgani8ation (DM*#) led by Lane
1andans!i and the nely formed Aational ?ederal (arty ta!e an acti0e part in the Qoung Tur! mo0ement for
achie0ing autonomy for Macedonia"
1912 - ?irst Bal!an 7ar; The allied Bal!an countries, 1erbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and 5reece, achie0e 0ictory
o0er Tur!ey occupying the territory of Macedonia"
!une 1913 - The Ti!0eG Eprising ta!es place against the ne 1erbian occupation in Ti!0eG after the ?irst
Bal!an 7ar" The rebels free almost the entire Ti!0eG region, including the tons of Fa0adarci and Aegotino" In
bringing the uprising to an end the 1erbian military forces !illed about :,>33 people and burnt more than :,333
houses"
1913 - The 1econd Bal!an 7ar brea!s out beteen the allies from the ?irst Bal!an 7ar to ta!e poer o0er
Macedonia"
Augu(t 10) 1913 - (eace treaty in Bucharest ) the territory of Macedonia as di0ided among Bulgaria, 1erbia
and 5reece"
*e%te+$er 1913 - In the region of 6ebar and 1truga there is an uprising against the 1erbian occupation
immediately after the 1econd Bal!an 7ar" The rebellions, led by DM*# (IM*#) and the Albanian
re0olutionary committee, liberated the tons of 6ebar, #hrid, 1truga and FiKe0o"
!une) 1913 ,o-e+$er 1914 - Ele0en issues of the Bournal Makedonski glas (,Macedonian 0oice,, the editor
as 6" Rupo0s!i) ere published in 1t" (etersburg under the auspices of the 1la0onic-Macedonian scientific
and literary society - also !non as the ,Macedonian colony,, in hich *ussian intellectuals Boined together as
partisans for the idea of an independent Macedonia"
1914 1918 - ?irst 7orld 7ar" In :&:< Bulgaria occupies Macedonia"
1919 - (eace conference in Dersailles; The partitioning of Macedonia is sanctioned in the course of hich the
geographic, natural and ethnic unity of Macedonia is di0ided by the Bal!an countries; The Fingdom of 1erbs,
$roats and 1lo0enes; Bulgaria; 5reece and Albania" The IDardarianJ part of Macedonia falls under the rule of
the nely formed Fingdom of 1erbs, $roats and 1lo0enes"
1919 - M*# is restored under a ne name )IDnatreGna ma!edons!a re0olucionerna organi8aciBaJ (DM*# S
IM*#) under the leadership of the ne $entral $ommittee; Todor Ale!sandro0, Ale!sandar (rotogero0 and
(etar Raule0" These leaders firmly held the stance that Macedonians ere of Bulgarian national stoc!, and they
fought to free Macedonia and create an autonomous and independent country ithin its geographical and
economic borders to ich aim as, in the end, to unite Macedonia ith Bulgaria" In the struggle, the Bulgaro-
Drho0ists relentlessly conducted purges and assassinations"
.ay 6) 1924 - The ,May Manifest, is signed in Dienna by the members of the $entral $ommittee by all the
fractions of DM*# (IM*#)" Its aim is to unite the Macedonian re0olutionary forces into a single Macedonian
re0olutionary front for freedom and unification of the partitioned territories of Macedonia ma!ing it an
independent and single political unit ithin its natural geographical and ethnic borders" A fe months later the
Bulgaro-Drho0ists ga0e up from the ,May Manifest)
/e$ruary 1925 - The DI $ongress of DM*# (IM*# Bulgaro-Drho0ist) ta!es place, a ne $entral $ommittee
of is formed ith the members I0an (DanKo) MihaBlo0, Ale!sandar (rotogBero0 and 5Borgi (op 4risto0" 4is aim
remains the same; fight to unite the partitioned Macedonia ithin its geographical borders and achie0ing
complete political autonomy" And for that obBecti0e, by and large, political assassinations ere underta!en"
#cto$er 1925 - DM*# (Enited) is founded in Dienna under the leadership of 6imitar Dlaho0, (a0el Oate0,
5Borgi Man!o0, *i8o *i8o0, Dladimir (op Timo0 and 4risto Qan!o0, in order to dissociate the #rgani8ation
from DM*# Bulgaro-Drho0ist" Their main obBecti0e is to free Macedonia ithin its geographical and
economical borders and create an independent political unit that ill become an e=ual member of the future
Bal!an ?ederation"
In Athens, under the pressure of The /eague of Aations, the 5ree! go0ernment published a te+tboo! for
education of the Macedonians in 5reece, the Abecedar (Buk&ar), ritten in the south-est local dialect of the
Macedonian language" The Abecedar as published in /atin alphabet, in order to pro0o!e discontent o0er the
usage of an alien and unfamiliar script; ne0ertheless, the te+tboo! as ne0er utili8ed in the educational system"
.arc0 1926 - The Macedonian Qouth 1ecret *e0olutionary #rgani8ation (Makedonska mladinska ta'na
re&olucionerna organi0aci'a, MM1.O) is founded ith the aim of helping DM*# in its fight for the freedom of
Macedonia and for the unification of its three parts into one autonomous political unit"
1935 - The association of Macedonian students IDardarJ as founded in Magreb, but soon the authorities
banished their monthly Bournal I2a- 3esnikJ (I#ur Lournal,)"
1936 - Another association of Macedonian students -JDardarJ as founded in Belgrade"
28 augu(t 1936 - The organi8ation IMAAA(#J (Macedonian national resistance) as founded in #hrid"
1938 - The first collection of poems - ,#gin, (,4ire,) from Den!o Mar!o0s!i ) is published in Macedonian" 4e
as a member of the commission that or!ed on the codification of the Macedonian literary language, but after
re0ealing his opinion for the Inform bureau in :&'< he mo0ed in Bulgaria here, after declaring himself to be
Bulgarian, as aarded ith the most prestigious honors by the Bulgarian state"
1939 - (ublication of ,7hite 6ans, (Beli Mugri), a collection of poems in Macedonian by the first modern
Macedonian poet FoKo *acin"
1940 - MetodiBa Oatoro0 ) Oarlo becomes (olitical 1ecretary of the *egional $ommittee for Macedonia of the
$ommunist (arty of Qugosla0ia" This is the beginning of the process of the establishment of a Macedonian
national platform"
1941 - The Bulgarian, 5erman and Italian military forces occupy Dardar Macedonia"
#cto$er 11) 1941 - Beginning of the armed struggle in Macedonia ith a national and re0olutionary character"
.A12 19) 1943 - The $ommunist (arty of Macedonia is founded in Teto0o. The process of creating
go0ernment authorities ) 2arodnoosloboditelni Odbori (Aational $ouncils for /iberation) - begins" The Main
head=uarters of A(arodno) #(osloboditelna) D(oBs!a) i"e" (eople2s /iberation Army ((/A) issues 1he Mani5est
e+pressing the aims of the liberation ar"
Augu(t 2) 1944 - The ?irst session of the Antifascist $ouncil for the Aational /iberation of Macedonia,
(A1A#M) is held at the monastery of 1t" (rohor (Kins!i (no in 1erbia) here representati0es from (irin and
Aegean Macedonia are present as ell" The A1A#M presidium is formed and MetodiBa Andono0 Rento
becomes its first president" A decision is reached to constitute a modern Macedonian state that ill be a part of
the ne ?ederal Qugosla0ia"
A%r&' 1945 - The first Macedonian go0ernment is founded ith /a8ar FoliGe0s!i as its first (resident"
!u'y 17) 1967 - The #hrid Archbishopry is re-established as the Macedonian #rthodo+ $hurch"
*e%te+$er 8) 1991 - A referendum for the independence of the *epublic of Macedonia is held"
,o-e+$er 17) 1991 - The $onstitution of the *epublic of Macedonia is passed, stating that IPMacedonia is
constituted as a national country of the Macedonian people, hich guarantees complete ci0il e=uality and the
permanent cohabitation of the Macedonian people ith the Albanians, Tur!s, Dallachs, *oma and the other
nationalities li0ing in the *epublic of Macedonia"J
April 8, 1993
April ., :&&9 *epublic of Macedonia as admitted in the #rgani8ation of the Enited Aations ith pro0isional
name ?Q*#M as a result of the pressure of 5reece" Ender the constitutional name Macedonia is recogni8ed by
more than :>3 countries"
Aade (roe0a, (h"6"$ Pro5essor o5 Ancient Histor
6ni&ersit o5 Sts. #ril and Methodius7 Skop'e$ .epublic o5 Macedonia.

You might also like