SPE

socwJ Qf I%rdann H@ma3re

SPE 15517
Makeup Torques for AP1-TypeRound Thread Casing Connections
With Non-APl Weights, Grades, and Coupling Diameters
by M, F. Hai ney, Exxon Co. U.S.A.
SPE Member
Copyright 1966, Society of Petroleum Engineers
Thie paper waa prepared for presentational the 61 at Annual Technical Conference and Exhiblficn of the Society of Pelroleum Engineers held in New
Orleans, LA October 5-8, 1986.
This papar was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submiflad by the
author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not bean reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the
author(s). The material, aa presented, doaa not necessarily reflect any position of the So.Sety of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers
presented at SPE meatinga are subject to publication review by Editorial Committee Of the S@ety of Petroleum Engineers. Permission to copy is
restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 worde, Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of
where and by whom the paper ia preaentad. Write Publication Manager, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 760S3-3636. Talex, 730989 SPEDAL.
ABSTRACT
Make- uptorque cal cul ati onproceduresare presented
f or API - type round thread casi ng connecti ons wi th
non- API wei ghts, grades, and coupl i ngdi mensi ons- -
connecti onswhi ch are commonl yused i n the i ndustry
but f or whi ch there i s not an i ndustry- publ i shed
ref erence on make- up procedures. I ncl uded are a
si mpl i f i edversi on of the API proceduref or cal cu-
l ati ngopti mummake- uptorques that may be used f or
non- API wei ghts and grades of casi ng, a procedure
f or adj usti ngmake- up torques f or connecti onswi th
oversi ze or speci al cl earance coupl i ngs, and a
procedure f or cal cul ati ng make- up torques f or
connecti onsused i n sour servi ce.
I NTRODUCTI ON
The rel i abi l i ty, ruggedness, and l ow cost of
API - type round thread casi ng connecti ons, parti cu-
l arl y LTC, have moti vated dri l l i ng engi neers to
extend the use of these connecti ons i nto servi ce
condi ti ons wel l beyond the range covered by API
wei ghts and grades. Phen these connecti ons are
used on heavy- wal l casi ng, they are of ten equi pped
wi th oversi ze coupl i ngs to mai ntai n the i nternal
pressure resi stance of the coupl i ngs as hi gh as
that of the pi pe bodi es. In cases where cl earances
are ti ght and pressures and tensi l e l oads are
moderate, the connecti onsare equi ppedwi th reduced
outsi de di ameter, speci al cl earance coupl i ngs.
API - type round thread connecti onsare al so used i n
hydrogensul f i de servi cedespi te the f act that they
are not l owstress connecti ons.
Good engi neer~ng practi ce requi res that
! [
ro er
make- up turns and torque val ues be estab i s ed
bef ore a casi ng runni ng j ob be i ns.
x
Af ter
veri f yi ngthe make- up val ues duri ng t e runni ng of
the f i rst several j oi nts, the casi ng runni ng j ob
may proceed wi th conf i dence, wi th the casi ng crew
knowi ng that the connecti ons are maki ng up as
expected. As l ong as API wei ght and grade tubul ars
Re erences an 1 ~
and standard di mensi on coupl i ngs are usedf ant:~he
~J l ; ; bi ~~et, API RP 5C1 f are and Use o s ng
n q
i s a usef ul ref erence on make- up
val ues f or A PI - typeround thread connecti ons. For
connecti ons on nomi nal casi ng si zes between4- 1/ 2
and 13- 3/ 8 r( the range of si zes to be consi dered! n
thi s paper) , make- up turns are based on the turns
of standof f betweenthe hand- ti ght posi ti onand the
power- ti ght posi ti on and range f rom3 turns to 4
turns dependi ng on the si ze of the pi pe and the
grade of the coupl i ng. Make- up torques are
tabul ated f or each si ze, wei ght, and grade of
casi ng.
If, however, API - type round thread connecti ons are
used on non- API wei ghts and grades of casi ng, or
are used wi th oversi ze or speci al cl earance
coupl i ngs, as has become i ncreasi ngl ycommon i n the
i ndustry, or i f the wel l i s sour, dri l l i ng
en i neers may be at a l oss f or the appro ri ate
! ma e- up val ues. { Theref ore, the purpose o thi s
paper i s to provi de methods f or cal cul ati ng
appropri atemake- upval ues f or these connecti ons.
I ncl udedare:
b A si mpl i f i ed versi on of the API method f or
cal cul ati ngopti mumrmake- up torques that can
be appl i ed to non- API wei ghts and grades of
casi ngwi th regul ar di ameter coupl i ngs.
G A method f or adj usti ng make- up torques f or
oversi zeor speci al cl earancecoupl i ngs.
G A method f or esti mati ngconnecti onstressesdue
to make- up and i nternal pressure that can be
used to cal cul ate make- up torques f or connec-
ti ons used i n sour servi ce.
A computer program, PI PETORQ, has been devel opedto
support use of the cal cul ati onproceduresdescri bed
i n thi s paper. Thi s programwi l l be put i n the
publ i c domai n and be made avai l abl e f romthe SPE
Mi crocomputer User Group.
,
Make- UpTorques f or API - TypeRoundThreadCasi ngConnecti ons
I W<+h Nnn-ADl Wa+nhtc Cvari oc and Cnl tnl i nmni a- +a~s SPE 15517
, ... , ,., , r., . .. ,,,-. , M
THEORYAND K FACTORTERMI NOLOGY
PI = ETNp ( C2 - B2) ( B2 - A12) / 4 B3( C2 - A~2) oo, ( 3)
The theoreti cal bases f or the make- up procedures
presentedi n thi s paper i ncl ude:
G API opti mummake- up torque and i ts rel ati on-
shi p to API round threadpul l - out strength.
G I nterf ace pressure f rom thread i nterf erence
betweenthe connecti on i n and coupl i ngdue to
make- up, f and i ts re ati onshi p to make- up
torque.
G Coupl i ng stress and i ts rel ati onshi pto thread
i nterf erence due to make- up and i nternal
pressure.
G I nternal pressure l eak resi stance and i ts
rel ati onshi to the number of turns of make- up
! and to coup i ng si ze,
These theoreti cal bases have been descri bed i n
detai l i n the l i teratureor have been demonstrated
by l aboratory testi ng. For the urposes of thi s
! paper, they wi l l onl y be revi ewed ri ef l y.
The si mpl i f i cati ons i n cal cul ati on procedures
i ntroduced i n thi s paper are a resul t of usi n
K f actors, whi ch remesent combi nati ons o!
parameters f rom API B\ ~bi ; C3,
Fo
rmul as and
Cal cul ati ons f or Casi na. cl , Dri l l Pi De. and
Li ne Pi r) eProDerti es~, and API STD 5B: Threadi nu~
Gaui na, and Thread I ms~ecti onof Casl nci . Tubi nqt
and Li ne Pi ~e Threads$. Formul as f or the K f actors
are l i stedbel ow.
API ODti mumTorauQ
The opti mum torque val ues gi ven i n Tabl e 1.1 of
API RP 5C1 are obtai ned by taki ng 1% of the
cal cul atedpul l - out strength f or the j oi nts. API
pul l - out strength i s cal cul ated the
empi ri cal l yderi vedequati on4. 1. 2 i n AP! S; ; ? 5C3:
Pj = 0. 95 AJ pL
[
o. 74D- 5gup+ Yp
0. 5L + 0. 14D
1
L + 0. 14D
. . . . . . ( 1)
Tmu = 0. 01 Pj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . ( 2)
These opti mumtorque val ues have been f ound to be
comparabl e wi th val ues requi red i n f i el d make- up
tests to take connecti ons to the
[
roper make- up
posi ti on when usi ng API modi f i ed t read compound
and zi nc pl ated or phosphate pl ated coupl i ngs.
When ti n pl ated coupl i ngs are used, the opti mum
torque i s reduced to 80%of the tabul atedval ues.
Si nce these torque val ues have been establ i shedf or
connecti onswi th standarddi mensi oncoupl i ngs, they
wi l l be ref erred to as standardopti mummake- up
torques i n thi s paper.
I nterf acePressureDue to Make- Up
I nterf ace pressure resul ti ng f rom thread
i nterf erence between the connecti on pi n and
coupl i ngdue to make- up i s gi ven by equati on3. 4. 2
i n API BUL 5C3 as:
Equati on ( 3) represents the i nterf acepressure at
the hand- ti ght, or E
V
pl ane of the connecti on.
For the urposes of t 1s paper, we are i nterested
F i n i nter ace pressure at the pi n nose rather than
at the hand- ti ght pl ane. Theref ore, Equati on ( 3)
must be modi f i edas f ol l ows:
Pn = ETNp ( C2- B 2) ( B 2- A12) / 4 B 3( CP- A12) . . .( 4)
where the termB! represents the pi tch radi us at
the pi n nose.
Equati on ( 4) may be more conveni entl ywri tten i n
terms of coupl i ngoutsi de di ameter, pi tch di ameter
at the pi n nose, and nomi nal pi pe i nsi de di ameter
as:
Pn = ETNp [ W*- ( El - lqT)2][ ( E1 - L~T)2- (j*] (5)
. .
2( E1 - L1T) 3 [ W*- d2]
It has been observed i n l aboratory testi ng that
make- up torque i s proporti onal to the i nterf ace
pressuredue to make- upcal cul atedat the pi n nose.
Al though thi s rel ati onshi pdeteri orates f or l arge
si zes and very thi ck wal l casi ng, f or nomi nal si zes
u to 13- 3/ 8and wal l thi cknessescommonl yused i n
F1 t e i ndustry we may assume thi s rel ati onshi p to
hol d true. The proporti onal i ty of torque to
i nterf ace pressure and the f act that i nterf ace
pressure i s a f uncti on of turns of make- up and
coupl i ngoutsi dedi ameter al l owus to establ i shthe
f ol l owi ngrel ati onshi ps:
G For a gi ven si ze and wei ght of pi pe wi th
standardcoupl i ngdi mensi ons, make- uptorque as
a f uncti onof turns can be cal cul atedas:
Tmu! = ( f ) Tmu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 6)
where N! i s any speci f i ednumber of turns of
make- up, N i s the number of turns of make- up
gi ven i n API RP 5C3, and Tmu i s the standard
opti mummake- uptorque.
G For a gi ven si ze and wei ght of pi pe wi th
oversi ze or speci al cl earance coupl i ngs,
make- up torque as a f uncti onof coupl i ng si ze
can be cal cul atedas:
Tmul =
[ W *- ( El
- L~T] 2] [ W*- d*] Tmu
, . . . . . . . ( 7)
[ W*- ( El - L1T) 2] [ W 2- d2]
where W! i s any speci f i ed coupl i ng outsi de
di ameter and Tmu i s the standard opti mum
make- uptorque.
<PF 1FG17 Mel F. Hainev 2
Couf ) l i naStress Due to I nternal Pressure and
Make- UD
I t i s a wel l known f act that hi gh strength steel s
subj ected to tensi l e stresses i n excess of thei r
yi el d strengthi n a sour envi ronment are vul nerabl e
to f ai l ure by means of sul f i de stress cracki ng.
Si nce API - type round threadconnecti onsare used on
hi gh strength steel casi ng i n sour envi ronments,
the l evel s of tensi l e stress i n the connecti on
shoul dbe consi deredi n the make- upval ues.
When API - type round threadconnecti onsare made up,
tensi l e hoop stresses are i nduced i n the coupl i ng
due to the i nterf erence between the tapered
threads. In servi ce, i nternal pressure acts to
i ncrease these hoop stresses. If we model the
connecti on as concentri c thi ck- wal l ed cyl i nders
shrunk- f i t together wi th an i nner radi us, a, a
radi us at the i nterf ace between the concentri
cyl i nders, b, and an outer radi us, c, Ti moshenko
i
has shown that the hoop stresses on the i nsi de of
the outer cyl i nder wi l l be:
p( b2 + C*)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 8)
Sf = ( C2- b2)
f or stress due to the shri nk- f i t, where p i s the
i nterf acepressurebetweenthe cyl i nders, and
P =
a2pi ( c2+ b2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c*- a2
( 9)
f or stress due to i nternal pressure, where pi i s
the i nternal pressure.
For the purposes of make- up desi gn, we are
i nterestedi n the magni tudeof these hoop stresses
on the i nsi de of the coupl i ng at the hand- ti ght
pl ane, where the coupl i ng i s thi nnest and the
stresses are theref ore the hi ghest. Combi ni ng
E uati ons ( 8) and ( 9) and expressi ngthemi n terms
! o connecti ondi mensi ons, we have:
. . .. 00. . . ..(lO)
where P1 i s gi ven by Equati on( 3) .
I nternal PressureLeak Resi stance
I nternal pressure l eak resi stance i s gi ven by API
BUL 5C3 as:
P= ETNp ( W2 - E12) / 2El W* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(11)
where El has been substi tuted f or Es f or round
thread connecti ons. I nternal pressure l eak
resi stance represents the combi ned i nterf ace
pressure due to make- up and tnternal pr~~s~: ;
cal cul atedat the hand- ti ght, or El , pl ane.
be seen that i nternal pressure l eak resi stance i s
di rectl y proporti onal to the number of turns of
make- up and i ncreases as the coupl i ng outsi de
di ameter i ncreases.
K Factors
In usi ng the theoreti cal bases descri bed above to
devel op make- u procedures, i t i s conveni ent to
consol i dateanJ - precal cul atesome of the f ormul a
parameters. Thi s ef f ort resul ts i n seven types of
K f actorsas f ol l ows:
K1 = 0. 95L
[ 1
0. 7411- 059
0. 5L +0. 14D
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 12)
K2 =0. 95 L
H
1
L + 0. 14D
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00. . . . . . ( 13)
1- -1
K3 = ( ~) ( ~) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
( 14)
K4 = El * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
( 15)
K5 = El - LI T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
( 16)
K5
Kf j = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ETp
( 17)
K7 = ETP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , ,
=
( 18)
These K f actors are gi ven i n Tabl e 1 f or each si ze,
wei ght, and grade combi nati on of STC and LTC
connecti ons,
~TFI ED STANDARDOPTI MUMMAKE- UPTOROUES
Usi ng Equati on ( 2) ,f ~: , and K2, stan~f ; } o~~pt~
make- up torques API - type
connecti onsmay be expressedas:
Tmu=O. OI Aj p ( Kl Up+K2Yp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 19)
For conveni ence, val ues of Aop have been provi ded
# i n Tabl e 2 f or a wi de range o si zes and wei ghts of
casi ng. Tabl e 3 l i sts the mi ni mumyi el d strengths
and mi ni mum ul ti mate strengths of API casi ng
grades. Wi th these two tabl es and Tabl e 1,
cal cul ati onof standardopti mummake- up torques i s
si mpl e. For exampl e:
Cal cul ate the standard opti mummake- up torque
f or 5- 1/ 2, 23. 0 l b/ f t, P- 11O, LTC wi th
standard6. 050 outsi dedi ameter coupl i ngs.
FromTabl e 1, K1 = 0. 33160; K2 = 0. 74486.
FromTabl e 2, Aj p= 5. 415 i n*.
FromTabl e 3, Yp = 110,000 psi ; Up = 125, 000
psi .
Tmu =0. 01( 5. 415) [ ( 0. 33160) ( 125, 000)+
( 0. 74486) ( 110, 000) ]= 6, 681 f t- l b
Make- UpTorques f or API - TypeRoundThreadCasi ngConnecti ons
4 With Non-AP1 Weiahts. Grark. and Cntinlinn I)iamatarc CDC 1KK17
.. . . .. ... .. . .. . ..- .=---- ,
-, ----- ---- -l-. ...7 -...,~-------- al L L.1.lkt
1
! ( Ucpl gI D) comb=
whi ch, when rounded to the nearest 10 f t- l b, i
[ NK7 ( K4 - d2) + pi d2] ( W2+ 4)
; ~r~: s wi th the API RP 5C1 val ue of 6, 680
K4( w2 - d2)
- .
. . . . . . . . . . ( 21)
If the casi ng was 26. 0 l b/ f t i nstead of 23. 0
l b/ f t, the standard opti mumtorque woul d be For thes~: ( ~~~esf { ca~cul ati ngma$e; ~~va~oes f o[
cal cul atedas: sour
(~c 1 ID)C ~b equal ~~ th~~~ni mum yi el d stren~th
FromTabl e 2, AJ p~6. 298 i n2. ! 8 f of h coup l ngmateri al and to sol ve Equati on( 1)
f or the number of turns of make- up requi red to
Kl , K2, Yp, and Up same as above. create a stress equal to the mi ni mum yi el d
strength. Doi ng thi s we have:
Tmu =0.01(6.298)[(0.33160)(125,000) +
(0.74486)(110,000)] = 7,771 ft-lb
1-
Si nce 26. 0 l b/ f t casi ng i s beyondthe range of Nyl d =
1
Yc K4 ( W2 - d2)
1
1
API wei ghts, thi s val ue coul d not have been W2 + K4
- pidz
K7( K4 - d2)
. . ( 22)
f ound i n API RP 5C1.
MAKE- UPTOROUE FOROVERSI ZEOR SPECI AL CLEARANCE
In our concern f or l i mi ti ng coupl i ng stresses f or
COUPLI NGS
connecti onsused i n sour servi ce, we cannot f or et
? about the requi rement that the connecti onmust a so
Equati on ( 7) can be expressed i n terms of K5 and
seal the i nternal pressure, pi . Thi s means that
the i nternal pressure l eak resi stance must be
used to adj ust standardopti mummake- uptorques f or
greater than pi . Si nce i nternal pressure l eak
connecti ons wi th oversi ze or speci al cl earance
resi stancei s a f uncti onof the number of turns of
coupl i ngs. We have:
make- up, we can use Equati on(11) to sol ve f or the
pressurethe connecti onwi l l seal f or any speci f i ed
number of turns, NI . Substi tuti ngK f actors i nto
Tmu, = ( W 2 -
K52) ( W2 - d2)
Equati on (11) and usi ng N as the number of turns
. Tmu . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 20) requi redf or power- ti ght make- upwe have:
( W2 - K52) ( W, 2 - d2)
T u may be cal cul ated usi ng Equati on ( 17) or, i f
P = ( }) K3
[ 1
1 - ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 23)
tf l ecasi ng i s an API si ze, wei ght, and grade, i t
may be l ookedup i n API RP 5C1. Tabl e 2 provi des a
conveni ent ref erence f or nomi nal i nsi de di ameters
I f we l et pi equal P! and sol ve f or Nf we have a
and standardcoupl i ngoutsi dedi ameters f or a wi de
rel ati onshi pthat gi ves us the number of turns of
range of si zes and wei ghts of casi ng.
make- uprequi redto seal pi :
For exampl e, say the 5- 1/ 2, 26. 0 l b/ f t, P- 11O, LTC
casi ng f romthe exampl e above i s equi pped wi th a
Npi -
6. 249 outsi de di ameter coupl i ng so that the =-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 24)
i nternal ressureresi stanceof the coupl i ngequal s
R that of t e pi pe body. Then:
[ 1
K3 1- *
FromTabl e 1, W= 6. 050; K5 = 5. 25205.
Si nce pi must be l ess than or equal to the i nternal
FromTabl e 2, d = 4. 548.
pressurel eak resi stanceof the connecti on, N must
be l ess than or equal to N. I t i s al so cl ear that
Fromabove, Tmu= 7, 771 f t- l b
i f N i s greater than N l d, then there i s no way
J .
the connecti oncan seal , wi thout some yi el di ngof
the coupl i ngat the i nsi dedi ameter. When thi s i s
true,
Tmu, = ( 6. 2492- 5. 252052) ( 6. 0502- 4. 5482) . 7, 771
the connecti on shoul d be equi pped wi th a
l arger di ameter coupl i ng or, i f thi s i s not
( 6. 0502- 5. 252052) ( 6. 2492- 4. 5482)
practi cal , a di f f erent type of connecti onthat i s
desi gnedf or sour servi ceshoul dbe used.
= 8, 563 f t- l b, an i ncreaseof about 10%.
If N* is l ess than Nyl q, we can proceed i n Wi n9
MAKE- UPVALUES FORSOURSERVI CE
to establ i sh sour servi ce make- up val ues f or the
connecti on. The f i rst step i s to establ i sh the
mi ni mummake- up turns.
NI establ i shes the mi ni mum
When API - type round thread casi ng connecti ons are number of turns of make- up requi redto seal pi . A
used i n sour servi ce, stress l evel s on the i nsi de
di ameter of the coupl i ng must be l i mi ted to the
secondconsi derati oni n the mi ni mummake- up i s the
requi reddi f f erencebetweenthe mi ni mumand maxi mum
mi ni mumyi e; $estrengthof the ~; upl ; ; l gf i ~eteri al to
turn val ues. Si ncf ndAPI 5C1 use; a1; e2; % spread
mi ni mi z~ possi bi l i ty stress between opti mum maxi mum i t i s
cracki ng. For a connecti on whi ch i s requi red to reasonabl e to use a 25% di f f erence between the
seal a net i nternal pressure of pi , the stress on
the coupl i ng i nsi de di ameter i s gi ven by Equati on
mi ni mumand maxi mumturn val ues. We wi l l cal l thi s
val ue
( Nmi n) s read.
I f N} i s greater than
(lo). Expressi ng the i nterf ace pressure, Pl , i n Nm. n) r ad, t~en I t i s probabl y not Practi cal to
terms of connecti on di mensi ons and K f actors, es~ab?! s~ sour servi ce make- up val ues f or the
Equati on( 10) becomes: connecti on- - theturns of make- up requi red to seal
the anti ci patedpressureare too cl ose to the turns
SPF 15517 Mel F. HditIf?V & - - -----
-. .
of make- upthat wi l l cause yi el di ngof the coupl i ng
( Nmi n) spread=M
at the i nsi de di ameter. A thi rd consi derati oni s
.
the number of turns requi red to ensure that the
connecti onwi l l not back of f duri ngrunni ngor pul l
= 2, 8 turns
apart under tensi l e l oadi ng. A rul e- of - thumbused
by the author f or API - type round thread casi ng
connecti ons i s two turns.
I f ( Nmi n) spred i s l ess
Si nce ( Nmi n) sPreadi s greater than N! and 2 tUrIIS,
than two turns then, % agai n, i t i s pro abl y not
we can set Nmi n equal to 2. 8 turns and we are abl e
practi cal to est~bl i shsour servi cemake- up val ues
to establ i sh sour servi ce make- up torque val ues
f or the connecti on. I f ( Nmi n) sread i s greater
!
usi ng Equati ons ( 25) and ( 26) and the standard
than or equal to two turns we my establ i sh thi s
opti mummake- uptorque of 5, 870 f t- l b:
val ue as the mi ni mummake- upturns val ue, Nmi n, and
proceed.
Tmi n = ( ~) 5, 870
Usi ng Equati on ( 6) , the mi ni mummake- up torque
.
correspondi ngto Nmi n i s:
= 5, 479 f t- l b, or 5, 480 f t- l broundedof f , and
rei n)Tmu
Tmi n = ( r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 25)
Tmax = ( ~) 5, 870
3. 0
The maxi mummake- uptorque correspondsto Nyl d. By
Equati on( 6) agai n, we have: = 6, 809 f t- l b, or 6, 810 f t- l b roundedof f .
~) Tmu
Tmax = ( N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 26)
These make- uptorque val ues are about 8%l ower than
the API RP 5Cl val ues.
LI MI TATI ONSOF CALCULATI ONPROCEDURES
As an exampl e of cal cul ati ngsour servi ce make- up
API RP 5C1 l i sts many f actors that can af f ect
val ues, consi der a stri ng of 7. ,29. 0 l b/ f t, L- 80,
connecti on make- up,
LTC casi ngto be run as producti oncasi ng i n a sour
such as vari ati ons i n
connecti ontaper, l ead, thread hei ght, and surf ace
gas wel l havi ng a maxi mum anti ci pated surf ace
f i ni sh. Operati onal f actors such as thread
pressure of 4, 500 psi . Usi ng Equati on ( 22) , we
cl eanl i ness, the type of thread compoundused, and
must f i rst determi ne N 1 , the number of turns of
$$
the speed of make- up al so af f ect the make- u
make- up requi red to cr a e a stress on the i nsi de
R
di ameter of the coupl i ng equal to 80, 000 psi , the
Si nce these f actors are not consi dered i n t e
cal cul ati onproceduresgi ven i n thi s paper i t must
mi ni mumyi el d strength of the L- 80 materi al . We
have Yc = 80, 000 psi , pi = 4, 500 psi and:
be recogni zed that the make- up val ues cal cul ated
usi ng these procedures, j ust as wi th the API RP 5C1
val ues, can onl y be used as a gui de. For
FromTabl e 1, W= 7. 656; K4 = 4. 77E+01;
K7 = 1. 70E+04.
si tuati ons where connecti on perf ormance i s
cri ti cal , more ri gorous connecti on anal ysi s i . _
cal l ed f or. At Exxon, f or exampl e, a connecti on
FromTabl e 2, d = 6, 184.
testi ngf aci l i ty i s used to qual i f y connecti onsf or
servi ce i n cri ti cal wel l s. For the maj ori ty of
wel l s, on the other hand, the procedures presented
f
80,000 )(4.77 E+01)(7.6562 - 6.1842\_ (4,500)(8,184)2
1
i n thi s paper are more than adequate. The
Nyld =
7.656L + 4.77E+01
procedures are si mpl e to appl y, parti cul arl ywi th
(1.70E+04) (4.77E+oI - 8.1842)
the ai d of the computer program, PI PETORQ, and wi l l
hel p casi ng crews conf i rmthat the connecti ons are
maki ng up properl y.
= 3. 48 turns, or 3. 5 turns roundedof f .
NOMENCLATURE
Al pi pe i nternal radi us, i nches
The number of turns of make- u
f
requi red to seal
4, 500 psi i s gi ven by Equati on 24) where:
Aj f ) cross- secti onal area of the pi pe
FromTabl e 1, N = 3. 0; K3 = 5. 09E+04 and the
wal l under the l ast perf ect thread,
other vari abl es are the same as above.
square i nches
3. 0 4 50
0. 7854[ ( D - 0. 1425) 2 - d2] f or
N! =
8 Rd. threads
( 5, 09E+04)
( - k] b
radi us at i nterf ace between
concentri ccy! i nders
= 1. 42 turns, or 1. 4 turns roundedof f .
B ~~~~~sradi us at hand- ti ght pl ane,
( Nmi n) spreadi s cal cul atedas:
E1/ 2 f or round threadcasi ng
Bi
pi tch radi us at pi n nose, i nches
Make- UpTorques f or API - TypeRoundThreadCasi ngConnecti ons
6 Wi th Non- API Wei ghts, Gra~
c
c
d
D
E
El
K1. . . . K7
L
L]
N
N,
Nmi n
( Nmi n) spread
Nyl d
P
P
P
PI
Pj
Pn
outer radi us of concentri c
cyl i nders
coupl i ngoutsi deradi us, i nches
w/2
nomi nal i nsi de di ameter of pi pe,
i nches
nomi nal outsi de di ameter of pi pe,
i nches
30 x 106 ( modul us
pi t; ~sdi arneter at
of e
hand
K f actors as descri bed
asti ci ty)
ti ght pl ane,
i n text
engagedthreadl ength, i nches
l ength, f rom end of pi pe to
hand- ti ght pl ane, i nches
~~~~ of threadturns make- up, API
number of threadturns make- up
mi ni mum number of thread turns
make- up
Nyl d/ 1. 25, threadturns
number of thread turns make- up to
create coupl i ng ID stress equal to
mi ni mumyi el d strengthof cour) l i ng
materi al
~~[ ~adpi tch, i nches
i nterf ace pressure between
conc~ntri ccyl i nders
i nternal pressure l eak resi stance,
psi
i nternal pressure, psi
i nterf ace/ ressure between the pi n
and box as a resul t of mak~- up, psi
mi ni mum j oi nt pul l - out strength,
pounds
i nternal pressure l eak resi stance
at pi n nose, psi
, and Coupl i ngDi ameters
SPE 15517
P
stress due to i nternal pressure
( Ucpl gI D) comb stress on i nsi de di ameter of
asf
T
max
T
ml n
mu
Tmu$
up
w
w,
Yp
coupl i n due to combi nedef f ects of
7 i nterna pressureand make- up, psi
stress due to shri nk- f i t of
concentri ccyl i nders
threadtaper, i n. / i n.
0. 0625 f or roundthreadcasi ng
maxi mummake- uptorque
correspondi ngto Nyl d, f t- l b
mi ni mummake- uptorque
correspondi ngto Nmi n, f t- l b
standard opti mum make- up torque,
API RP 5C1, f t- l b
make- up torque correspondi ngto N
thread turns of make- up, f t- l b
mi ni mumul ti mate strengthof pi pe,
psi
standardcoupl i ngoutsi dedi ameter,
i nches
coupl i ngoutsi sedi ameter, i nches
mi ni mumyi el d strengthof pi pe, psi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The *author thanks Exxon Company, U. S. A. f or
permi ssi onto publ i shthi s paper.
REFERENCES
1. API RP 5C1, Care and Use of Casi nciand Tubi nq,
Ameri can Petrol eumI nsti tute, Dal l as, Texas,
13th Edi ti on, ( Nov. 1984) .
2. ~{l &BUL T5&~~ Formul as f ; de Cal cul ati ons f
- meri d: etro d: d : : ; i ; i ~
Q. a. r D
Oal as, Texas, 4th Edi ti on, ( Feb. 1985) .
3 . . API STD 5B, Threadi na. Gaai nq. md Thread
I nspecti on of Cas a. ubi rm. and Li ne Pi e@
Threads, Ameri can ?etrol ~umI nsti tute, Dal l as,
Texas, l l thEdi ti on, ( May 1985) .
4. Ti moshenko, S. : Strenath of Materi al s,
Robert E. Publ i shi ng Company,
Hunti ngton, N~wl e?~~k [ 1958) Part II, Chapter
VI.
*E 15517
Naninal Uei ght
Nom. per Foot
0.0. or Grade
(in) Criteria
4-1/2
4-1/2
5
5
5-1/2
6-5/6
7
7
7-51E
8-5ft
8-5JE
9-51E
9-51E
10-3;4
10-3/4
10-3/4
11-314
11-3/4
13-3/E
13-3/e
16
18-51E
20
20
9.50 lb/ft
Others
11.50 lb/ft
others
Al 1
Al 1
17.00 lb/ft
Others
Al 1
24.00 lb/ft
Others
< P-no
2 P-no
32.75 lblft
Others < P-11O
Others z P-11O
-= P-no
2 P-no
< P-no
z P-no
Al 1
87,50lb/ft
t J/K-55
? J/K-55
4-1/2
5
5-1/2
6-5/8
7
7-518
8-5[8
1
9-5/8
9-5/8
20
20

Al 1
Al 1
Al 1
Al 1
Al 1
Al 1
Al 1
< P-no
: P-no
< J/K-55
? JIK-55
Table l--Turns for Power-Tight Make-Up, Coupling
Diameters, and K Factors for Connections
N (!n) K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 KG K,

3.0
3.0
H
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0

5.000
5.000
5.563
5.563
6.050
7.390
7.656
7.656
8.500
9.625
9.625
10.625
10.625
11.750
11.750
11.750
12.750
12.750
14.375
14.375
17.000
20.000
21.000
21.000
1
3.0 5.000
3,0 5.563
3.0 6.050
3.0 7.390
3.0 7.656
3,5 8.500
3.5 9.625
3.5 10.625
4.0 10.625
3.5 21.000
4.0 21.000
0,294
0.350
0.306
0.323
0.301
0.261
0.205
0.246
0.230
0,192
0.207
0.184
0.184
0.140
0.167
0,166
0,151
0.151
0.130
0.130
0,116
od097
9,089
0.089
STC Connections
0.639
0.71s
0.684
0.708
0.701
0.687
0,599
0.676
0.669
0.622
0.654
0.631
0.631
0.547
0.617
0.617
0.598
0.597
0.569
0.588
0.565
0.530
0.513
0.513
7 .98E+04
7 .98E+04
7.17E+04
7,17E+04
6.51E+04
5. 39E+04
5. 09E+04
5. 09E+04
5. 45E+04
4.81E+04
4.81E+04
4.31E+04
4.92E+04
3 .85E+04
3 .85E+04
4 .40E+04
3.52E+04
4 .03E+04
3. 09E+04
3. 53E+04
2. 58E+04
2.21E+04
2. 06E+04
2. 36E+04
1.94E+01 4.346 1. 85E-05
1.94E+01 4.307 1.84E-05
2.40E+01 4.815 2.05E-05
2.40E+01 4.799 2.05E-05
2.92E+01 5.291 2.26E-05
4. 26E+01 6,400 2. 73E-05
4.77E+01 6.822 2.91E-05
4.77E+01 6.775 2.89E-05
5.66E+01 7,393 3.15E-05
7.27E+01 8.408 3.59E-05
7.27E+01 8.385 3.58E-05
9.07E+01 9.385 4.00E-05
9.06E+OI 9.385 4. 00E-05
1. 13E+02 10.549 4. 50E-05
1.13E+02 10.502 4.48E-05
1. 13E+02 10.502 4.48E-05
1. 3SE+02 11.502 4.91E-05
1.W+02 11.502 4.91 E-115
1. 76E+02 13.127 5.60E-05
1. 76E+02 13.127 5.60E-05
2. 53E+02 15.721 6.71E-05
3.43E+02 18.346 7.83E-05
3. 96E+02 19.721 8.41E-05
3. 96E+02 19.721 8.41E-05
LTC Connections
2. 66E+04
2. 66E+04
2.39E+04
2 .39E+04
2. 17E+04
1.60E+04
1.70E+04
1,70E+04
1.56E+04
1.37E+04
1.37E+04
1.23E+04
1.23E+04
1. 10E+O4
1. 10E+O4
1. 10E+O4
1.01E+04
1.01E+04
8 .83E+03
8 .83E+03
7.37E+03
6.33E+03
5.89E+03
5. 89E+03
0.374
0.357
0.332
0.291
0.280
0.261
0,241
0,222
0.222
0.108
0.107
0.745
0.7s3
0.745
0.735
o.7~2
0.724
0.721
0.712
0.712
0.588
0.587
7 .98E+04
7.17E+04
6.51E+04
5. 39E+04
5. 09E+04
S. 45E+04
4.81E+04
4.31E+04
4.92E+04
2 .06E+04
2.36E+04
1.94E+01
2. 40E+01
2. 92E+01
4. 26E+01
4.77E+Ol
5. 66E+oI
7.27E+01
9.07E+01
9.06E+01
3 .96E+02
3 .96E+02
4.283
4.760
5<252
6.354
6.721
7.338
8.315
9.299
9.299
19.643
19.843
1.83E-05
2.03E-05
2,24E-05
2.71E-Oi
2.87E-05
3.13E-05
3.5SE-05
3.97E-05
3.97E-05
8.38E-05
8.38E-05
2 .66E+04
2. 39E+04
2.17E+04
1.80E+04
1.70E+04
1. 56E+04
1.37E+04
1.23E+04
1.23E+04
5 .89E+03
5.89Et03
Nan.
O. 1).
(in)
4-u2
4-112
4-1/2
4-112
4-1/2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5-1/2
5-112
5-1/2
5-112
5-1/2
5-1/2
5-1/2
6-518
6-5/8
6-518
6-518
7
[
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7-51t
7-5ft
7-5Jt
7-51(
7-51i
7-5/!
Table 2--Nan!nal Inside Oi-ter ad AjFI For Casin9
Nomi nal
Weight
per Foot
9.50 lb/ft
10.50 lb/ft
11.60 lb/ft
13.50 lb/ft
15.10 lb/ft
11.50 lh/ft
13.00 lb/ft
15.00 lb/ft
18.00 lb/ft
20.80 lb/ft
21.40 lb/ft
23.20 lb/ft
24.10 lb/ft
14.00 lb/ft
15.50 lb/ft
17.00 lb/ft
20.00 lb/ft
23.00 lb/ft
26.00 lblft
28.40 lb/ft
20.00 lb/ft
24.00 lb/ft
28.00 lb/ft
32.00 lb/ft
17.00 lb/ft
20.00 lb/ft
23.00 lb/ft
26.00 lb/ft
29.00 lb/ft
32.00 lb/ft
35.oO lb/ft
38.00lb/ft
24.00 lb/ft
26.40 lb/ft
29.70 lb/ft
33.70 lblft
39.oO lb/ft
47.10 lb/ft
Iani nal
1.0.
(in)
4,090
4.052
4.000
3.920
3.826
4.560
4.494
4.406
4.276
4.156
4.126
4.044
4.000
5.012
4.950
4.892
4.778
4.670
4.548
4.440
6,049
5.921
5.791
5.675
6.538
6.456
6.366
6.276
6.184
6.094
6.004
5.920
7.025
6.969
6.875
6.765
6.625
6.375
1.775
2.018
2.347
2.644
3.416
2.290
2.670
3.271
4,171
4.966
5.161
5.587
5.965
2.814
3.299
3.747
4.613
5.414
6.298
7.060
4.267
5.470
6.666
7,710
3.361
4.198
5.105
5.998
6.699
7.766
8.622
9.408
5.213
5.828
6.850
8.029
9.501
12.054
Nan. Nsmi nal Nani nal
0.0. Weight 1.0.
(in) per Fwt (in)
I
(M)
8-5/8
8-516
6-5/8
8-518
8-5/8
8-518
8-518
9-5/8
9-518
9-518
9-518
9-518
9-5f8
9-518
9-518
9-5/8
.0-3/4
.0-314
0-3/4
,0-3/4
,0-3/4
,0-314
10-3/4
[ 1-3/4
11-3/4
I 1-314
L1-314
11-3/4
13-318
13-3/8
13-318
13-3;8
13-318
13-318
13-3/6
16
16
16
16
ii-518
20
20
20
1 24.00 lb/ft
28.00 lblft
32.00 lb/ft
36.00 lb/ft
40.00 lb/ft
44.00 lb/ft
49.00 lb/ft
32.30 lb/ft
36.00 lb/ft
SK 15517
40.00lblft
43.50 lb/ft
47.00 lblft
53.50 lb/ft
58.40 lb/ft
61.10 lb/ft
71.80 Ibfft
32.75 lblft
40.50 lb/ft
45.50 lb/ft
51.00 lb/ft
55.50 lb/ft
60.70 lb/ft
65,70 lb/ft
42.00 lb/ft
47.00 lb/ft
54.00 lb/ft
60.00 lb/ft
65.00 lb/ft
46.00 lb/ft
54.50 lb/ft
61.00 lb/ft
66.00 lb/ft
72.00 lb/ft
77.00 lb/ft
85.00 lb/ft
65.00 lb;ft
75.00 lb/ft
64.00 lb/ft
109.00 lb/ft
87.50 lb/ft
94.00 lblft
106.501 b/ft
133.00 lb/ft
8.097
8.017
7.921
7.825
7.725
7.625
7.511
9.001
8.921
8.835
8.755
8.661
8.535
8.435
8.375
8.125
10.192
10.050
9.950
9.850
9.760
9.660
9.560
11.064
11.000
10.880
10.772
10.682
12.715
12.615
12.515
12.415
12.347
12.275
12.159
15.250
15.124
15.010
14.668
17.755
19.124
19.04)0
18.730
Table 3--Casing Minlmun Yield and
Mi ninum U1timate Strengths
H-40
J-55
K-55
c-75
L-80
5.020
6.032
7.234
8.421
9.642
10.648
12.203
6.990
8.116
9.315
10.421
11.434
13.408
14.741
15.533
18.773
6.788
9.045
10.616
12.171
13.557
15.062
16.592
9.330
10.787
12.649
14.665
16.202
10.546
12.536
14.509
16.467
17.790
19.182
21.408
14.842
17.848
20.546
28.057
20.705
22.457
26.170
34.171
rr
Minimun
Yield
Grade 5trength
(psi j
14inimun
Ultimate
5trengtk
(psi)
40,000 ! 60,000
55; 000 75,000
55,000 !?5,000
75,000 95,000
80,000 95,000
N-80 80,000 100,000
C-90 90,000 100,000
c-95 95,000 105,000
P-no 110,000 125,000
0-125 125.000 135,000