EN BANC

[G.R. No. L-28790. April 29, 1968.]

ANTONIO H. NOBLEJAS, as Commissioner of Land Registration, petitioner, vs.
CLAUDIO TEEHANKEE, as Seretar! of J"stie, and RA#AEL SALAS, as
E$e"ti%e Seretar!, respondents.
Sevilla & Aquino and Lino M. Patajo for peiioner.
Hon. Felix V. Makasiar for !e re"ponden".
S&LLABUS
1.C#$#L %R&CE'(RE) AC*#&N+) A,EN',EN*) AN &R#G#NAL +%EC#AL C#$#L AC*#&N -&R ,AN'A,(+ ,A.
N&* BE C/ANGE' #N*& AN &R'#NAR. C#$#L AC*#&N -&R +%EC#-#C %ER-&R,ANCE B. A,EN',EN*. 0
1!ere !e re"ponden 23d4e ad5ied !e "e6ond a5ended 6o5plain 7peiion8 9!ere:; !e ori4inal "pe6ial 6i<il
a6ion for 5anda53" 9a" 6o5pleel; 6!an4ed ino an ordinar; 6i<il a6ion for "pe6ifi6 perfor5an6e of an alle4ed
6onra6, 9i! da5a4e" in :o! 6a"e" and i 9a" paen !a !e a6ion for 5anda53" !ad no le4 o "and on :e6a3"e
!e 9ri 9a" "o34! o enfor6e alle4ed contractual obligations 3nder a di"p3ed 6onra6 di"p3ed no onl; on !e
4ro3nd !a i !ad failed of perfe6ion :3 on !e f3r!er 4ro3nd !a i 9a" ille4al and a4ain" p3:li6 inere" and
p3:li6 poli6;, i i" o:<io3", !a !e a5ended pleadin4 9!i6! 6!an4ed !e <er; na3re of !e a6ion 9a" 6learl;
inended o 6orre6 $#L*RA=" error in in"i3in4 a "pe6ial 6i<il a6ion for 5anda53" o enfor6e 6onra63al
o:li4aion", and !a !e parial de6i"ion "355aril; rendered :; re"ponden 23d4e 3nder !e irre43lar 6ir635"an6e"
de"6ri:ed a:o<e 9a" inended o repla6e !e 3n9arraned preli5inar; 9ri of 5andaor; in23n6ion i""3ed :; !i5
:efore !e filin4 and ad5i""ion of !e la" a5ended 6o5plain.
2.#'.) +(,,AR. %AR*#AL >('G,EN*+) #RREG(LAR REN'#*#&N, E--EC* &-. 0 *!e irre43lari; of !e
"355ar; parial de6i"ion rendered :; !e re"ponden 23d4e i" 5ade 5anife" :; !e fa6 !a in :o! an"9er" filed :;
NA,ARC& 0 one o !e fir" a5ended 6o5plain for 5anda53", and !e o!er o !e la" or "e6ond a5ended
6o5plain eniled ?-or +pe6ifi6 %erfor5an6e And 'a5a4e"? 0 !e ille4ali; and 3nenfor6ea:ili; of !e alle4ed
6onra6 :e9een $#L*RA and NA,ARC&, on :o! le4al and fa63al 4ro3nd", 9a" d3l; rai"ed. Con"e@3enl;, i 9a",
o "a; !e lea", i5pro<iden o i""3e a preli5inar; 5andaor; in23n6ion for i" perfor5an6e, or render a parial
23d45en pre6i"el; re@3irin4 6o5plian6e 9i! one of i" e""enial fea3re" or "ip3laion". *!e "e<eral 9ri" i""3ed :;
!e re"ponden >3d4e for i" eAe63ion 53" ne6e""aril; :e dee5ed irre43lar and <oid.
D E C I S I O N
RE&ES, J.B.L., Actg. .!. pB
%eiion for a 9ri of pro!i:iion 9i! preli5inar; in23n6ion o re"rain !e +e6rear; of >3"i6e fro5 in<e"i4ain4
!e offi6ial a63aion" of !e Co55i""ioner of Land Re4i"raion, and o de6lare inoperai<e !i" "3"pen"ion :; !e
EAe63i<e +e6rear; pendin4 in<e"i4aion.
*!e fa6" are no in di"p3e. %eiioner Anonio /. No:le2a" i" !e d3l; appoined, 6onfir5ed and @3alified
Co55i""ioner of Land Re4i"raion, a po"iion 6reaed :; Rep3:li6 A6 No. 11C1. B; !e er5" of "e6ion 2 of "aid A6,
!e "aid Co55i""ioner i" de6lared ?eniled o !e "a5e 6o5pen"aion, e5ol35en" and pri<ile4e" a" !o"e of a
>3d4e of !e Co3r of -ir" #n"an6e.? *!e appropriaion la9" 7Rep. A6" D6D2, D8C6 and C1708 in !e ie5 "ein4
for! !e "alar; of "aid offi6er, 3"e !e follo9in4 eApre""ionB
?1.&ne Land Re4i"raion Co55i""ioner, 9i! !e ranE and pri<ile4e" of di"ri6 23d4e 0
%19,000.00.?
&n ,ar6! 7, 1968, re"ponden +e6rear; of >3"i6e 6o3r"ed o !e peiioner a leer re@3irin4 !i5 o eAplain in
9riin4 no laer !an ,ar6! 9, 1968 9!; no di"6iplinar; a6ion "!o3ld :e aEen a4ain" peiioner for ?appro<in4 or
re6o55endin4 appro<al of "3:di<i"ion, 6on"olidaion and 6on"olidaion-"3:di<i"ion plan" 6o<erin4 area" 4real; in
eA6e"" of !e area" 6o<ered :; !e ori4inal ile".? No:le2a" an"9ered and appri"ed !e +e6rear; of >3"i6e !a, a" !e
en2o;ed !e ranE, pri<ile4e", e5ol35en" and 6o5pen"aion of a >3d4e of !e Co3r of -ir" #n"an6e, !e 6o3ld onl;
:e "3"pended and in<e"i4aed in !e "a5e 5anner a" a >3d4e of !e Co3r" of -ir" #n"an6e, and, !erefore, !e
paper" relai<e o !i" 6a"e "!o3ld :e "3:5ied o !e +3pre5e Co3r, for a6ion !ereon 6onfor5a:l; o "e6ion 67 of
!e >3di6iar; A6 7R.A. No. 2968 and Re<i"ed R3le 1D0 of !e R3le" of Co3r.
&n ,ar6! 17, 1968, peiioner No:le2a" re6ei<ed a 6o553ni6aion "i4ned :; !e EAe63i<e +e6rear;, ?:; a3!ori; of
!e %re"iden?, 9!ere:;, :a"ed on ?findin4 !a a pri"a #acie 6a"e eAi"" a4ain" ;o3 for 4ro"" ne4li4en6e and
6ond36 pre23di6ial o !e p3:li6 inere"?, peiioner 9a" ?!ere:; "3"pended, 3pon re6eip !ereof, pendin4
in<e"i4aion of !e a:o<e 6!ar4e".?
&n ,ar6! 18, 1968, peiioner applied o !i" Co3r, reierain4 !e 6onenion" ad<an6ed in !i" leer o !e +e6rear;
of >3"i6e, 6lai5in4 la6E of 23ri"di6ion and a:3"e of di"6reion, and pra;in4 for re"rainin4 9ri". #n !eir an"9er
re"ponden" ad5i !e fa6" :3 den; !a peiioner, a" Land Re4i"raion Co55i""ioner, eAer6i"e" 23di6ial
f3n6ion", or !a !e peiioner 5a; :e 6on"idered a >3d4e of -ir" #n"an6e 9i!in !e p3r<ie9 of !e >3di6iar; A6
and Re<i"ed R3le" of Co3r 1D0) !a !e f3n6ion of in<e"i4ain4 6!ar4e" a4ain" p3:li6 offi6er" i" ad5ini"rai<e or
eAe63i<e in na3re) !a !e Le4i"la3re 5a; no 6!ar4e !e 23di6iar; 9i! non23di6ial f3n6ion" or d3ie" eA6ep
9!en rea"ona:l; in6idenal o !e f3lfill5en of 23di6ial d3ie", a" i 9o3ld :e in <iolaion of !e prin6iple of !e
"eparaion of po9er".
*!3", !e "arE i""3e :efore !i" Co3r i" 9!e!er !e Co55i""ioner of Land Re4i"raion 5a; onl; :e in<e"i4aed :;
!e +3pre5e Co3r, in <ie9 of !e 6onfer5en 3pon !i5 :; !e +a3e" !ereofore 5enioned 7Rep. A6 11C1 and
Appropriaion La9"8 of !e ranE and pri<ile4e" of a >3d4e of !e Co3r of -ir" #n"an6e.
-ir" o 5iliae a4ain" peiioner=" "and i" !e fa6 !a "e6ion 67 of !e >3di6iar; A6 pro<idin4 for in<e"i4aion,
"3"pen"ion or re5o<al of >3d4e", "pe6ifi6all; re6ie" !a ?No $istrict !udge "!all :e "eparaed or re5o<ed fro5
offi6e :; !e %re"iden of !e %!ilippine" 3nle"" "3ffi6ien 6a3"e "!all eAi" in !e 23d45en of !e +3pre5e Co3r . . . ?
and i i" no9!ere 6lai5ed, 536! le"" "!o9n, !a !e Co55i""ioner of Land Re4i"raion i" a $istrict !udge, or in
fa6 a 5e5:er of !e >3di6iar; a all.
#n !e "e6ond pla6e, peiioner=" !eor; !a !e 4ran of ?pri<ile4e" of a >3d4e of -ir" #n"an6e? in6l3de" b%
i"plication !e ri4! o :e in<e"i4aed onl; :; !e +3pre5e Co3r and o :e "3"pended or re5o<ed 3pon i"
re6o55endaion, 9o3ld ne6e""aril; re"3l in !e "a5e ri4! :ein4 po""e""ed :; a <arie; of eAe63i<e offi6ial" 3pon
9!o5 !e Le4i"la3re !ad indi"6ri5inael; 6onferred !e "a5e pri<ile4e". *!e"e fa<o3red offi6er" in6l3de 7a8 !e
>3di6ial +3perinenden of !e 'epar5en of >3"i6e 7>3di6iar; A6, "e6. D28) 7:8 !e A""i"an +oli6ior" General,
"e<en in n35:er 7Rep. A6 No. DF608) 768 !e Ci; -i"6al of G3eHon Ci; 7R.A. No. DD9C8) 7d8 !e Ci; -i"6al of ,anila
7R.A. No. D6F1 8 and 7e8 !e +e63riie" and EA6!an4e Co55i""ioner 7R.A. No, C0C0, ". 28. *o adop peiioner="
!eor;, !erefore, 9o3ld 5ean pla6in4 3pon !e +3pre5e Co3r !e d3; of in<e"i4ain4 and di"6iplinin4 all !e"e
offi6ial" 9!o"e f3n6ion" are plainl; eAe63i<e, and !e 6on"e@3en 63rail5en :; "ere i"plication fro5 !e
Le4i"lai<e 4ran, of !e %re"iden=" po9er o di"6ipline and re5o<e ad5ini"rai<e offi6ial" 9!o are pre"idenial
appoinee", and 9!i6! !e Con"i3ion eApre""l; pla6e 3nder !e %re"iden=" "3per<i"ion and 6onrol 7Con"i3ion,
Ar. $##8, "e6. 10 [1]8.
#n6idenall;, peiioner=" "and 9o3ld al"o lead o !e 6on6l3"ion !a !e +oli6ior General, ano!er appoinee of !e
%re"iden 6o3ld no :e re5o<ed :; !e laer, "in6e !e Appropriaion A6" 6onfer 3pon !e +oli6ior General !e ranE
and pri<ile4e" of a >3"i6e of !e Co3r of Appeal", and !e"e >3"i6e" are onl; re5o<a:le :; !e Le4i"la3re, !ro34!
!e pro6e"" of i5pea6!5en 7>3di6iar; A6, "e6. 2D, par. 28.
#n o3r opinion, "36! 3n3"3al 6orollarie" 6o3ld no !a<e :een inended :; !e Le4i"la3re 9!en i 4raned !e"e
eAe63i<e offi6ial" !e ranE and pri<ile4e" of >3d4e" of -ir" #n"an6e. *!i" 6on6l3"ion 4ain" "ren4! 9!en a66o3n i"
aEen of !e fa6 !a in !e 6a"e of !e >3d4e" of !e Co3r of A4rarian Relaion" and !o"e of !e Co3r of *aA
Appeal", !e or4ani6 "a3e" of "aid :odie" 7Rep3:li6 A6 1206, a" a5ended :; A6 1D09) Rep. A6 No. 112C8
eApre""l; pro<ide !a !e; are o :e re"oved fro5 offi6e #or t&e sa"e causes and in t&e sa"e "anner provided :;
la9 for !udges o# First 'nstance? or ?"e"bers o# t&e judiciar% of appellae ranE.? *!e "a5e i" r3e of >3d4e" of !e
Co3r of A4rarian Relaion" 7Co55. A6 No. 10F8 and of !e Co55i""ioner of %3:li6 +er<i6e 7%3:li6 +er<i6e A6, +e6.
F8. # i" !ere:; "!o9n !a 9!ere !e le4i"lai<e de"i4n i" o 5aEe !e "3"pen"ion or re5o<al pro6ed3re pre"6ri:ed
for >3d4e" of -ir" #n"an6e appli6a:le o o!er offi6er", pro<i"ion o !a effe6 i" 5ade in plain and 3ne@3i<o6al
lan43a4e.
B3 !e 5ore f3nda5enal o:2e6ion o !e "and of peiioner No:le2a" i" !a, if !e Le4i"la3re !ad reall; inended
o in6l3de in !e 4eneral 4ran of ?pri<ile4e"? or ?ranE and pri<ile4e" of >3d4e" of !e Co3r of -ir" #n"an6e? !e
ri4! o :e in<e"i4aed :; !e +3pre5e Co3r, and o :e "3"pended or re5o<ed onl; 3pon re6o55endaion of !a
Co3r, !en "36! 4ran of pri<ile4e" 9o3ld :e 3n6on"i3ional, "in6e i 9o3ld <iolae !e f3nda5enal do6rine of
"eparaion of po9er", :; 6!ar4in4 !i" 6o3r 9i! !e ad5ini"rai<e f3n6ion of "3per<i"or; 6onrol o<er eAe63i<e
offi6ial", and "i53laneo3"l; red36in4 pro tanto !e 6onrol of !e C!ief EAe63i<e o<er "36! offi6ial".
>3"i6e CardoHo r3led in #n re Ri6!ard"on e al., Connoll; vs. +63dder 72D7 N... D01, 160 N.E. 6CC8, "a;in4B
?*!ere i" no in!eren po9er in !e EAe63i<e or Le4i"la3re o 6!ar4e !e 23di6iar; 9i!
ad5ini"rai<e f3n6ion" eA6ep 9!en rea"ona:l; in6idenal o !e f3lfill5en of 23di6ial
d3ie".?

*!e (nied +ae" +3pre5e Co3r "aid in -ederal Radio Co55i""ion vs. General Ele6ri6 Co., e al., 281 (.+. D69, 7D
La9, Ed., 972, 0
?B3 !i" 6o3r 6anno :e in<e"ed 9i! 23ri"di6ion of !a 6!ara6er, 9!e!er for p3rpo"e" of
re<ie9 or o!er9i"e. # 9a" :ro34! ino :ein4 :; !e 23di6iar; ari6le of !e Con"i3ion, i"
in<e"ed 9i! 23di6ial po9er onl; and 6an !a<e no 23ri"di6ion o!er !an of 6a"e" and
6onro<er"ie" fallin4 9i!in !e 6la""e" en35eraed in !a ari6le. # 6anno 4i<e de6i"ion"
9!i6! are 5erel; ad<i"or; nor can it exercise or participate in t&e exercise o# #unctions (&ic&
are essentiall% legislative or ad"inistrative. Ieller v. %oo5a6 Ele6ri6 %o9er Co. "3pra 7261
(.+. DDD, 67 L. ed. 7F6, DF +3p. C. Rep. DDC8 and 6a"e" 6ied) %o"35 Cereal Co. vs. California
-i4. N3 Co. supra 7272 (.+. 700 701, 71 Led. D81, D7 +3p. C. Rep. 28D8) Li:er; 1are!o3"e
Co.v. Granni", 27F (.+. 70, 7D, 71 L. ed. CD1, CDD, D7 +3p. C. Rep. 282) 1illin4 v. C!i6a4o
A3diori35 A""o. 277 (.+. 27D, 289, 72 L. ed. 880, 88D, D8 +3p. C. Rep. C07) EA pare
BaEelie Corp. 279 (.+. DF8, DD9, 7F L. ed. 789, 79F, D9 +3p. C. Rep. D11. 7-ederal Radio
Co55i""ion v. General Ele6ri6 Co5pan;, 281 (+. D69, 7D L. ed. 9728 7E5p!a"i" "3pplied.8
#n !i" "piri, i !a" :een !eld !a !e +3pre5e Co3r of !e %!ilippine" and i" 5e5:er" "!o3ld no and can not :e
re@3ired o eAer6i"e an; po9er or o perfor5 an; r3" or o a""35e an; d3; no perainin4 o or 6onne6ed 9i! !e
ad5ini"raion of 23di6ial f3n6ion") and a la9 re@3irin4 !e +3pre5e Co3r o ar:irae di"p3e" :e9een p3:li6
3iliie" 9a" prono3n6ed <oid in ,anila Ele6ri6 Co. vs. %a"a; *ran"poraion Co. 7C7 %!il, 6008.
%eiioner No:le2a" "eeE" o differeniae !i" 6a"e fro5 !a of o!er eAe63i<e offi6ial" :; 6lai5in4 !a 3nder +e6ion
D of Rep3:li6 A6 No. 11C1, !e i" endo9ed 9i! 23di6ial f3n6ion". *!e "e6ion in<oEed r3n" a" follo9"B
?+e6. D. 0 )e#erence o# doubt#ul "atters to o""issioner o# Land )egistration * 1!en !e
Re4i"er of 'eed" i" in do3: 9i! re4ard o !e proper "ep o :e aEen or 5e5orand35 o :e
5ade in p3r"3an6e of an; deed, 5or4a4e, or o!er in"r35en pre"ened o !i5 for
re4i"raion, or 9!ere an; par; in inere" doe" no a4ree 9i! !e Re4i"er of 'eed" 9i!
referen6e o an; "36! 5aer, !e @3e"ion "!all :e "3:5ied o !e Co55i""ioner of Land
Re4i"raion ei!er 3pon !e 6erifi6aion of !e Re4i"er of 'eed", "ain4 !e @3e"ion 3pon
9!i6! !e i" in do3:, or 3pon !e "344e"ion in 9riin4 :; !e par; in inere") and !ere3pon
!e Co55i""ioner, afer 6on"ideraion of !e 5aer "!o9n :; !e re6ord" 6erified o !i5,
and in 6a"e of re4i"ered land", afer noi6e o !e parie" and !earin4, "!all ener an order
pre"6ri:in4 !e "ep o :e aEen or 5e5orand35 o :e 5ade. /i" de6i"ion in "36! 6a"e" "!all
:e 6on6l3"i<e and :indin4 3pon all Re4i"er" of deed"B Provided+ #urt&er+ *!a 9!en a par; in
inere" di"a4ree" 9i! !e r3lin4 or re"ol3ion of !e Co55i""ioner and !e i""3e in<ol<e" a
@3e"ion of la9, "aid de6i"ion 5a; :e appealed o !e +3pre5e Co3r 9i!in !ir; da;" fro5
and afer re6eip of !e noi6e !ereof.?
+erio3" do3: 5a; 9ell :e enerained a" o 9!e!er !e re"ol3ion of a consulta :; a Re4i"er of 'eed" i" a 23di6ial
f3n6ion, a" 6onra"ed 9i! ad5ini"rai<e pro6e"". # 9ill :e noed !a :; "pe6ifi6 pro<i"ion of !e "e6ion, !e
de6i"ion of !e Land Re4i"raion Co55i""ioner ?"!all :e 6on6l3"i<e and :indin4 3pon all Re4i"er" of 'eed"? alone,
and no 3pon o!er parie". *!i" li5iaion 1 in effe6 idenifie" !e re"ol3ion" of !e Land Re4i"raion
Co55i""ioner 9i! !o"e of an; o!er :3rea3 dire6or, 9!o"e re"ol3ion" or order" :ind !i" "3:ordinae" alone. *!a
!e Co55i""ioner=" re"ol3ion" are appeala:le doe" no pro<e !a !e; are no ad5ini"rai<eB an; :3rea3 dire6or="
r3lin4 i" liEe9i"e appeala:le o !e 6orre"pondin4 depar5en !ead.
B3 e<en 4ranin4 !a !e re"ol3ion of consultas :; !e Re4i"er of 'eed" "!o3ld 6on"i3e a 23di6ial 7or 5ore
properl; quasi judicial8 f3n6ion, anal;"i" of !e po9er" and d3ie" of !e Land Re4i"raion Co55i""ioner 3nder
Rep3:li6 A6 No. 11C1, "e6ion" F and D, 9ill "!o9 !a !e re"ol3ion of consultas are :3 a 5ini5al porion of !i"
ad5ini"rai<e or eAe63i<e f3n6ion" and 5erel; in6idenal o !e laer.
Confor5a:l; o !e 9ell-Eno9n prin6iple of "a3or; 6on"r36ion !a "a3e" "!o3ld :e 4i<en, 9!ene<er po""i:le,
a 5eanin4 !a 9ill no :rin4 !e5 in 6onfli6 9i! !e Con"i3ion, 2 1e are 6on"rained o r3le !a !e 4ran :;
Rep3:li6 A6 11C1 o !e Co55i""ioner of Land Re4i"raion of !e ?"a5e pri<ile4e" a" !o"e of a >3d4e of !e Co3r
of -ir" #n"an6e? did no in6l3de, and 9a" no inended o in6l3de, !e ri4! o de5and in<e"i4aion :; !e +3pre5e
Co3r, and o :e "3"pended or re5o<ed onl; 3pon !a Co3r=" re6o55endaion) for o!er9i"e, !e "aid 4ran of
pri<ile4e" 9o3ld :e <iolai<e of !e Con"i3ion and :e n3ll and <oid. Con"e@3enl;, !e in<e"i4aion and "3"pen"ion
of !e aforena5ed Co55i""ioner p3r"3an o "e6ion" F2 and FD of !e Ci<il +er<i6e La9 7R.A. 22608 are nei!er
a:3"e" of di"6reion nor a6" in eA6e"" of 23ri"di6ion.
1/ERE-&RE, !e 9ri" of pro!i:iion and in23n6ion applied for are denied, and !e peiion i" ordered di"5i""ed.
No 6o"".
$i,on+ Makalintal+ -eng,on+ !.P.+ .aldivar+ Sanc&e,+ astro+ Angeles and Fernando+ !!., 6on63r.
oncepcion+ .!.+ i" on offi6ial lea<e.
NOBLEJAS 'S. TEEHANKEE ase digest
No:le2a" 9a" !e 6o55i""ioner of land re4i"raion. (nder RA 11C1, !e i" eniled o !e "a5e 6o5pen"aion,
e5ol35en", and pri<ile4e" a" !o"e of a >3d4e of C-#. /e appro<ed a "3:di<i"ion plan 6o<erin4 6erain area"
!a are in eA6e"" of !o"e 6o<ered :; !e ile
*!e +e6rear; of >3"i6e, *ee!anEee, "en a leer o No:le2a", re@3irin4 !i5 o eAplain.
No:le2a" an"9ered, ar43in4 !a "in6e !e !a" a ranE e@3i<alen o !a of a >3d4e, !e 6o3ld onl; :e "3"pended
and in<e"i4aed in !e "a5e 5anner a" an ordinar; >3d4e, 3nder !e >3di6iar; A6. /e 6lai5" !a !e 5a; :e
in<e"i4aed onl; :; !e +3pre5e Co3r
Ne<er!ele"", !e 9a" "3"pended :; !e EAe63i<e +e6rear; 7E+8
No:le2a" filed !i" 6a"e 6lai5in4 !e la6E of 23ri"di6ion of !e E+ and !i" a:3"e of di"6reion.
ISSUE( 1!e!er !e Co55i""ioner of Land Re4i"raoin 5a; onl; :e in<e"i4aed :; !e +3pre5e Co3r 7in <ie9 of
!i" !a<in4 a ranE e@3i<alen o a 23d4e8J
SC( NO.
#f !e la9 !ad reall; inended o in6l3de !e 4eneral 4ran of KranE and pri<ile4e" e@3i<alen o >3d4e"L, !e ri4! o
:e in<e"i4aed and :e "3"pended or re5o<ed onl; :; !e +3pre5e Co3r, !en "36! 4ran of pri<ile4e" 9o3ld :e
3n6on"i3ional, "in6e i 9o3ld <iolae !e do6rine of "eparaion of po9er" because it (ould c&arge t&e Supre"e
ourt (it& an ad"inistrative #unction o# supervisor% control over executive o##icials+ si"ultaneousl% reducing pro
tanto+ t&e control o# t&e &ie# /xecutive over suc& o##icials.
*!ere i" no in!eren po9er in !e EAe63i<e or Le4i"lai<e o 6!ar4e !e >3di6iar; 9i! ad5ini"rai<e f3n6ion"
eA6ep 9!en rea"ona:le in6idenal o !e f3lfill5en of 23di6ial d3ie".
*!e 23di6iar; 6anno 4i<e de6i"ion" 9!i6! are 5erel; ad<i"or;, nor 6an i eAer6i"e or pari6ipae in !e eAer6i"e of
f3n6ion" 9!i6! are e""eniall; le4i"lai<e or ad5ini"rai<e. *!e +3pre5e Co3r and i" 5e5:er" "!o3ld no and
6anno :e re@3ired o eAer6i"e an; po9er or o perfor5 an; r3" or o a""35e an; d3; no perainin4 o or
6onne6ed 9i! !e ad5ini"raion of 23di6ial f3n6ion".
A" "36!, RA 11C1 9!ile 6onferrin4 !e "a5e pri<ile4e" a" !o"e of a 23d4e, did no in6l3de and 9a" no inended o
in6l3de, !e ri4! o de5and in<e"i4aion :; !e +3pre5e Co3r, and o :e "3"pended or re5o<ed onl; 3pon !e
Co3rM" re6o55endaion. +aid ri4!" 9o3ld :e <iolai<e of !e Con"i3ion.
*!e "3"pen"ion of No:le2a" :; !e E+ <alid.
Al"o, !e re"ol3ion of !e 6on"3la :; a Re4i"er of 'eed" i" N&* a 23di6ial f3n6ion, :3 an ad5ini"rai<e pro6e"". #
i" 6on6l3"i<e and :indin4 onl; 3pon !e Re4i"er of 'eed", N&* !e parie" !e5"el<e". E<en if !e re"ol3ion i"
appeala:le, i doe" no a3o5ai6all; 5ean !a !e; are 23di6ial in 6!ara6er. +ill, !e re"ol3ion of !e 6on"3la" are
:3 a 5ini5al porion of !e ad5ini"rai<e or eAe63i<e f3n6ion".