Chapter 38 Outline

1. Kennedys New Frontier Spirit

A. focused on internal security
B. Robert McNamara -defense dept
(b) Idea of a new frontier
i. Peace Corps- go to 3rd world nations to help improve healthy/education
2. The New Frontier at Home
(a) JFK's Dom. Program(New Frontier) - opposed by conservatives
i. house rules Committee was expanded to bypass conservatives
ii. keep prices low
iii. cut taxes to stimulate econ
3. Rumblings in Europe
(a) Khruschev v JFK
(b) Berlin wall built
i. Iron Curtain
(c) Marshall plan aids western europe rebuilding
i. Trade Expansion Act that reduced tariffs by 50%
(d) France didn't help US, De Gaulle
4. Foreign Flare-Ups and Flexible Response
(a) Civil War in Laos could lead to communism
(b) Robert McNamara replaced Massive Retaliation w/ Flexible response
i. communism in Vietnam
5. Stepping into the Vietnam Quagmire
(a) South led by Ngo Din Diem (backed by US)
(b) Ho Chi Minh's Northern Encroachment (communist)
6. Cuban Confrontations
(a) JFK improved closed rich-poor gap slowly
(b) Bay Of Pigs Invasion CIA trained Cuban exiles tried to invade Cuba but were wrecked by Castro
at Bay of pigs
i. Castro becomes more communist
ii. JFK pop. rose b/c of accepting responsibility
(c) Cuban Missile Crisis
i. USSR put Nuclear missiles in Cuba
ii. JFK created naval blockade which
A. Khruschev wanted to ignore it
iii. JFK installed missles between Moscow and DC
(d) stop thinking Russians as commie monsters more as citizens dentent
7. The Struggle for Civil Rights This content copyright 2010 by WikiNotes.wikidot.com
(a) Freedom Riders, raise awareness against segreagation, ride on buses in south
i. Voter Edu Project helped register south black voters
(b) integration was gradual
(c) Violence ensued like with Medger Evers who was shot
8. The Killing of Kennedy
(a) JFK shot by Lee Harvey Oswald
(b) Lyndon B. Johnson replaced JFK
9. The LBJ Brand on the Presidency
i. wanted to end segreagation
ii. Equal Employment Opportunity Committee- enforcers
(b) Great Society (Continuation of New Deal) -fight against poverty
10. Johnson Battles Goldwater in 1964
i. Gulf of Tonkin Incident-2 US warships were attacked by North Vietnamese.
ii. Tonkin Gulf Resolution- Pres. Black retaliates
11. The Great Society Congress
(a) Democratic victories in Congress =more programs
(b) Dept. of Transportation /Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) the latter lead by
first black cabinet member Robert Weaver
(c) Johnson's Great Society sought to improve the Big Four areas:
i. Education - gave money to kids and Project Head start preschool for the poor
ii. Medical care - Medicare for the elderly and Medicaid
iii. Immigration reform - Immigration and Nationality Act got rid of the allowing more
immigration w/ Europe and Asia
iv. Voting rights - got more blacks the vote
12. Battling for Black Rights
(a) Voting among blacks in the south was rare, whites tricked blacks
i. Voting Rights Act - end the racial discrimination in voting
A. banned literacy tests and it sent registrars to the polls
ii. Twenty-fourth Amendment forbade poll taxes (paying to vote)
13. Black Power
(a) MLK copied Ghandi
(b) new leaders wanted violence
i. Malcolm X
A. Malcolm X racist to whites
B. Malcolm X
ii. Stokely Carmichael -led the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
began toward violent actions
A. many iterpreted as a separatist movement
14. Combating Communism in Two Hemispheres
(a) Johnson sent troops to stop to Dom. Rep. fearing communism
(b) Vietnam.
i. Rolling thunder= bombing
ii. LBJ used the Tonkin Gulf Resolution as policy of "escalation."
15. Vietnam Vexations
(a) war in Vietnam dragged and US was criticized around the world
(b) Six-Day War Israel took territory
(c) protests of Vietnam war increased back in US
i. doves against war and hawks for war
(d) Sen. William Fulbright hearings for ppl against war
16. Vietnam Topples Johnson
(a) Tet Offensive- more figting, suprise attacks during Tet.
(b) war split democrats
i. Eugene McCarthy -dove supported by students
ii. Rob. Kennedy- dove
iii. LBJ doesn't go for another term
17. The Presidential Sweepstakes of 1968
(a) V.P. Hubert H. Humphreye- logical choice. McCarthy, Kennedy, and Humphrey for the
Democrats.
i. Humphrey becomes dem. nominee
(b) Richard Nixon rep. hawk
(c) George C. Wallace, ran for Independent party championing segregation
18. The Cultural Upheaval of the 1960s
(a) don't trust ppl over 30
(b) roots of conterculture-"beatniks" of the 1950's. P
(c) Allen Ginsburg/Jack Kerouac's book On the Road preface of the hippie generation.
i. Movies showed youth discontent The Wild One and Rebel W/o a Cause
(d) Sexual revolution began w/birth control
(e) drugs emerged
(f) older generations afraid of what Americai s becoming
i. bad generation