Deejesh Subramanian

Geography Culminating Activity

Population




















Terms:
Immigrate- to move permanently to a country other
than ones native country
Emigrate- to leave your country of origin to live
permanently in another country
Demography- study of population numbers,
distribution, trends, and issues
Birth/death rate- number of births/deaths per 1000
people
Doubling time- how long it would take for a countrys
population to double at the countrys current rate of
population growth
Dependency load- proportion of the population that
is not in the workforce

Rule of 70:
70/population growth rate= doubling time
Canada- population growth rate: 0.8%
Doubling Time:
70/0.8= 87 years
Population Pyramids:
Expansive Pyramid
- Birth rate and death rate high
Bullet Pyramid
- Birth rate and death rate controlled
Inverse Pyramid
- Birth rate and death rate low
NOVA- Population in Balance:
India: - 177 000 000 population, 6 children/people3 children/people, Son preference- look after old parents, 25 000 women
killed in dowry, domestic issues, and for not producing son
Japan- Decline in birth rate, 1.3 children, pop. will halve, company consider women with children as burden, cant afford to look
after parents, 600 000 immigrants a year
Sub- Sahara Africa: 6 children/women, AIDS/HIV issue, death rate falls but birth rate does not, successful family planning
program in Kenya, lots of orphans
India:
Japan:
Sub-Sahara Africa:
Canadas Aboriginals



















Terms:
Aboriginal peoples- descendants of Canadas first inhabitants
Treaty- land agreement between the federal government
and aboriginals
Economic base- economic activities that allow a community
to exist
First Nations- group of Aboriginal people who share the same
culture and heritage
Self-government- principle that each distinct group of people
has the right to control its own affairs (F.N.)
Assimilate- to lose your culture and adopt a bigger culture
Comprehensive claim- claim for First Nations who have never
signed treaties, dealing with land, resources, etc.
Comprehensive treaty- First Nations land treaty negotiated in
an area where no other treaty has ever been signed
Specific claim- First Nations claim that the government did
not fulfill its obligations
Native Issues and Treaty Problems:
- Health- Europeans brought many diseases
- Residential Schools- the Aboriginals were sent to schools,
abused, and assimilated into the European culture.
- Media- TV portrays false images of Aboriginals.
-Land- the Europeans took their land and gave them reserves
which were not big or rich enough.
- Reserves- Many reserves were remote and accessible only
by air while others were urbanized.
1. Aboriginal peoples lost enormous amounts of land,
especially in southern and central Canada, where the land is
most productive.
2. Self-government- Aboriginal peoples lost their right to
govern themselves.



Nunavut: Issues and Challenges:
- Means our land in Inuktitut, the Inuit language - High cost of living
- 85% of Nunavuts people are Inuit - High rate of unemployment (14 %/Canada average- 8%)
- Officially came into existence on April 1, 1999 - Melting permafrost- methane release
- Limited housing
- Opening diamond mine- environmental damage


Immigration

















Melting Pot Tossed Salad
- Uniform blended tomato soup
- Dominant society- assimilation-
American 1
st

- Government support
multiculturalism, but no
programs, policies
- Ex. USA
- Many individual ingredients
- Many ethnicities/ races
- Own traditions/cultures
- government programs,
policies, ELL Language classes
- Ex. Canada
Terms:
Multicultural- characteristic of a society that is made up of many
different cultures
Push factor- factor, such as war, absence of human rights, poor
economic and educational opportunities, religious persecution,
terrorism, and natural disasters, that causes people to emigrate from
their country
Pull factor- factor that draws immigrants to a country, such as job
opportunities, freedom of speech and religion, and lower taxes
Economic immigrant- Immigrants, such as skilled workers or
individuals with the ability to start a business or make a financial
contribution
Family immigrant- category of Canadian immigrant in which family
members and close relatives of Canadian citizens or landed
immigrants can be brought to Canada
Refugee- person who migrates to another country out of fear of cruel
or inhumane treatment (or even death in his or her own country)
Immigration Steps:
1. You collect all your documents, papers,
and ID.
2. You visit an embassy and file an
application to immigrate.
3. Time passes- They look at application.
4. Letter given offered for interview
- Point system, who you are, why
immigrate
5. Time passes- second letter- passed/failed
6. Health Check- diseases
7. Criminal check- federal offense
8. OfferedImmigrateget ticketissued
immigration papers
Point System:
- Only economic immigrants- 35 for business/ 67 for
skilled worker
Education: 25
Language ability: 24
Work experience: 21
Age: 10
Arranged Employment: 10
Adaptability: 10
Total: 100
Rural and Urban Settlement Patterns and Land Use

Terms:
Urban- towns and cities of 1000 or more people
Multiplier effect- total effect on the economy caused by
an expansion or contraction in one part of it
Urban growth- actual number of people by which a city
or towns population grows
Urbanization- process of changing from rural to urban
Zoning- laws, usually passed by city governments,
controlling the kind and amount of development in an
area
Rural-urban fringe- area adjacent to an urban area
where there is a mixture of urban and rural land uses
Urban sprawl- low-density development surrounding a
city
90% of Canadians settle within 600 km of the US
border.
Rural Settlement Patterns:
- Long lots (Southern Quebec)

-Concession system (Southern Ontario)

- Section System (Southern prairies)

Urban Land Use Patterns:

Residential (40 %) - homes, townhouses,
apartments, condos
Transportation (32%) roads, airport, train station,
port
Institutional and public buildings (10%) schools,
hospitals, libraries, Gov. Offices
Open space and recreational (7%) parks,
community centers, cemeteries, golf courses
Industrial (6%) factories, processing plant, nuclear
power plant, waste disposal
Commercial (5%) mall/stores, restaurants, hotels,
movie theaters

Factors Affecting Land-Use Patterns:
1. Land value
Land/homes in busy cities are costlier.
2. Zoning
3. Technology
4. Climate
Cold climates need more insulation in homes.
Oak Ridges Moraine:
- located north of L. Ontario
- formed by glaciers 12 000 years ago
- sand and gravel of the moraine acts like a giant
sponge, soaking up rainwater and snowmelt
- unique ecosystem vital to S. Ontario (salamanders,
frogs, etc.)
- underground water replenishes the headwater of 65
river systems
- recreational uses (forested areas, trails, and hiking)
- conservation plan and protected area referred to as
the Greenbelt area