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Revision Topic: Acids, Bases and Salts

1. Which substance reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen?
A. Calcium oxide
B. Copper
C. Magnesium
D. Sodium hydroxide ( )

2. Which equation shows the neutralisation of dilute sulphuric acid with aqueous
sodium hydroxide?
A. H
+
+ OH
-
H2O
B. NaOH + H
+
Na
+
+ H2O
C. H2SO4 + 2OH- SO4
2-
+ 2H2O
D. SO4
2-
+ 2Na
+
Na2SO4 ( )

3. When solid Z is heated, it produces a white solid residue and a colourless gas that
turns limewater milky. The residue reacts with both dilute acids and dilute
alkalis to give salts. What could be solid Z?
A. copper (II) carbonate
B. calcium carbonate
C. iron (II) carbonate
D. zinc carbonate ( )

4. Which of the following dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution?
A. Silicon dioxide
B. Sulfur trioxide
C. Aluminium hydroxide
D. Calcium oxide ( )
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5. What are the reacting particles between aqueous magnesium carbonate and
sulfuric acid?
(a) Sulfuric acid molecules and Mg
2+
(b) SO4
2-
, H
+
, Mg
2+
and CO3
2-

(c) MgCO3
2-
and H
+

(d) CO3
2-
and H
+
( )

6. The cells in the lining of our stomach produce gastric juice. This is a liquid
mixture containing hydrochloric acid. Production of too much gastric juice will
cause stomach pain. Antacid tablets, which consist of the active ingredient,
magnesium hydroxide, are used for the relief of gastric pain.
(a) Explain how does consumption of antacid tablets relief gastric pain?
Active ingredient, magnesium hydroxide in the tablets neutralise
hydrochloric acid that causes gastric pain.

(b) Write the ionic equation, with state symbols, for the reaction between the
active ingredient in antacid and the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.
H
+
(aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (l)

(c) Two tablets of the antacid reacted completely with 25.0 cm
3
of 0.690
mol/dm
3
of hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the mass of magnesium hydroxide in each antacid tablet.
No. of moles of HCl = 0.025 0.690 = 0.01725
Mass of magnesium hydroxide = 0.01725 58 = 1.00 g (in two tablets)
Mass of magnesium hydroxide in one tablet = 0.500 g




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(d) Antacid tablets containing calcium carbonate are seldom used nowadays
to relief gastric pain. Suggest a reason for this.
Calcium carbonate reacts with gastric acid (HCl) producing carbon
dioxide gas and this causes flatulence.
7. Barium sulphate, BaSO4 is a white salt. It can be prepared in the laboratory by a
precipitation method.
(a) (i) Name two solutions which on mixing will produce a precipitate of barium
sulfate.
Barium nitrate solution and sodium sulfate solution
(any soluble barium compound and any soluble compound containing sulfate)
(a) (ii) Write an ionic equation, with state symbols, for the reaction.
Ba
2+
(aq) + SO4
2-
(aq) BaSO4 (s)
(a) (iii) Suggest a reason why this is a possible method of preparation.
The insoluble salt produced can be separated by filtration.
(b) Give three steps that are required to obtain a pure dry sample of the
precipitated barium sulfate from the mixture in (a).
Step 1: Mixing of two aqueous solutions that contain barium ions and sulfate ions each.
Step 2: Filter to remove the insoluble barium sulfate. Barium sulfate will be collected as
residue on the filter paper.
Step 3: Wash barium sulfate with distilled water and dry between sheets of filter paper
8. Metal M forms a soluble chloride MCl2 and an insoluble carbonate MCO3.
(a) Outline a method for preparing crystals of MCl2, starting with MCO3.
Step 1: Add excess MCO3 into a beaker of dilute hydrochloric acid
Step 2: Filter to remove the unreacted and excess MCO3. Collect the filtrate aq. MCl2
Step 3: Evaporate the filtrate to obtain a saturated solution
Step 4: Crystallise the saturated solution of MCl2
Step 5: Wash the crystals with distilled water and dry between sheets of filter paper

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(b) A 5.44 g sample of MCl2 contains 2.84 g of chlorine. Calculate the number
of moles of chlorine atoms in the sample. Deduce a value for the relative
atomic mass of metal M.
No. of moles chlorine atoms = 2.84/71 2 = 0.08
No. of moles of M = 0.04
Relative atomic mass of M = (5.44 2.84) 0.04 = 65 (Zinc)
Revision Topic: Mole Concept
Equal masses of magnesium carbonate were added into three beakers.




After some time, all the magnesium carbonate in each beaker was reacted.
(a) Write an ionic equation, including state symbols, for the reaction between
magnesium carbonate and sulfuric acid.



(b) 200 cm
3
of gas was collected from beaker P. Would the gas collected from each of
the other two beakers be more than, equal to, or less than 200 cm
3
?
(i) Volume of gas from beaker Q: 200 cm
3

(ii) Volume of gas from beaker R: 200 cm
3

Since magnesium carbonate has all been used up in the reaction and the same amount
of magnesium carbonate has been used, the volume of gas produced is the same.
100 cm
3
of 2M
hydrochloric acid
100 cm
3
of 2M
sulphuric acid
100 cm
3
of 2M
ethanoic acid
P Q R
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(c) (i) Compare the reactions in beaker P and beaker R. Which is faster?
Beaker P is faster
(ii) Explain your answer to c (i)
HCl is a strong acid and undergoes complete dissociation in water to produce a higher
concentration of H
+,
which is the particle that reacts with the carbonate ions.
2. The mineral dolomite is a double carbonate of magnesium and calcium, with the
formula CaMg(CO3)x.
When 1.0 g of an impure sample of dolomite was completely dissolved in an
excess hydrochloric acid, 0.450 g of carbon dioxide was given off.
(a) Suggest a value for x. Explain your answer
The value of x is 2. Dolomite has to be a neutral ionic compound. Since the total charges
of Ca and Mg ions are 4+, there must be 2 groups of carbonate ions, each of charge 2-.
(b) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between dolomite and
hydrochloric acid.
CaMg(CO3)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
(c) Calculate the percentage purity of the dolomite used.
No. of moles of carbon dioxide produced = 0.450 44 = 0.01023
No. of moles of pure dolomite = 0.01023 184 = 1.88 g
% purity = 11.88 100% = 53.2%
3. An aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride was made by dissolving 250 g of
hydrogen chloride gas in 7500 cm
3
of distilled water.
(a) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm
3
, of the solution of hydrogen
chloride produced.
No. of moles of hydrogen chloride = 250 36.5 = 6.849
Concentration of hydrogen chloride = 6.849 7.5 = 0.913 mol/dm
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(b) Explain why hydrogen chloride gas is unable to conduct electricity but a
solution of hydrogen chloride is able to.
Dry hydrogen chloride gas remains as covalently bonded molecules with no mobile ions
or electrons to conduct electricity. Solution of hydrogen chloride contains dissociated
and mobile H
+
/Cl
-
, acting as charge carriers to conduct electricity.
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(c) 2.0 g of magnesium was added into the solution of hydrogen chloride
prepared. The equation of the reaction is given below.
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)
Calculate the volume of the solution of hydrogen chloride needed to react
completely with 2.0 g of magnesium.
No. of moles of hydrogen chloride = (2242) = 0.1667 moles
Volume of hydrogen chloride solution = 0.1667 0.913 = 0.183 dm
3

4. Which one of the following has different number of moles of molecules at rtp
from all the rest?
A. 1 g of hydrogen
B. 6 dm
3
of methane
C. 7 g of carbon monoxide
D. 8 g of oxygen ( )
5. The number of atoms in 29 g of butane is
A. 3 x 10
23

B. 3.6 x 10
24

C. 4.2 x 10
23
D. 4.2 x 10
24
( )
6. Ethyne, C2H2, reacts with hydrogen to form ethane.
C2H2 (g) + 2H2 (g) C2H6 (g)
6 dm
3
of ethyne and 2 g of hydrogen are used in the above reaction.
Which of the following is the final volume at r.t.p at the end of the reaction?
A. 6 dm
3
C. 18 dm
3

B. 12 dm
3
D. 30 dm
3
( )