EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE (circa 1200 BC AD 1st Century) Temple of Luxor or Southern Sanctuary at Luor! "#y$t! 1%th &ynasty 'in# &e&icate& to Amon-Re! 'in# o( the )o&s *ui+t o( san&stone (or the ,uarries o( )e*e+ Si+si+a Abu Simbel &e&icate& chie(t+y to Re- Hr!"ti! )o& o( the risin# sun *ui+t &urin# the rei#n o( Ra-ses .. (1/00 12/1 BC) P#rmi$ of %in& 'o(er Architect: .-hote$ ear+iest $yra-i&a+ structure o( the ancient wor+&! the Step P#rmi$ (c223/0 BC) o( 4in# 5oser at Sa,,ara! "#y$t consist o( si terraces o( rece&in# si6es with a one sta*a T"e Gret P#rmi$ the Pyra-i& o( 4hu(u is the +ar#est in the wor+&! -easurin# 2/0- (173 (t) GREE% ARCHITECTURE (circa /00 /0 BC) Prt"enon 00180/% Architect: .tchinus an& Ca++icrates with Phi&ias Location: Athens! )reece Style: Ancient )ree' Doric on the historic Acro$o+is2 Doric ee-$+ar Ere)"t"eum 021 007 Architect: 9nesic+es Location: Athens! )reece Style: Ancient )ree'! .onic has Caryati& Porch with :#ura+ co+u-ns2 ;n the Acro$o+is! uses #ra&e chan#e2 Epi$uru( T"eter Architect: Po+y'+eitos Location: "$i&auros! or "$i&havros! )reece Style: Ancient )ree' an& the ,ua+ity o( its acoustics -a'e the "$i&aurus theatre one o( the #reat architectura+ achieve-ents o( the (ourth century2 the +ar#est an& *est $reserve& ancient theaters in )reece2 can acco--o&ate 10!000 s$ectators2 R*+AN ARCHITECTURE (/00BC /37 AD) T"e Pnt"eon 11% 8 123 Architect: Acri$$a Location: Ro-e! .ta+y Style: Ancient Ro-an #reat &o-e& ha++ with ocu+us o)ulu( a sin#+e circu+ar o$enin# one o( the #reat s$iritua+ *ui+&in#s o( the wor+& it was *ui+t as a Ro-an te-$+e an& +ater consecrate& as a Catho+ic Church revive& the use o( *ric' an& concrete in te-$+e Architecture Tr,n-( .orum 100 112 Architect: A$o++o&orus o( Da-ascus Location: Ro-e! .ta+y Style: Ro-an co-$ose& o( an arc o( arche& arca&e -ost -a#ni:cent an& architectura++y -ost $+easin# +ar#est 'nown (oru-s Colo((eum 10 %2 Architect: <es$acian an& Do-itian Location: Ro-e! .ta+y Style: Ancient Ro-an three8,uarter co+u-ns an& enta*+atures! Doric in the :rst story! .onic in the secon&! an& Corinthian in the thir&! (ace the three tiers o( arca&es +ar#est Ro-an A-$hitheater &esi#ne& to ho+& 70!000 s$ectators ha& a$$roi-ate+y ei#hty entrances so crow&s cou+& arrive an& +eave easi+y an& ,uic'+y A+ERICAN ARCHITECTURE /"ite Hou(e Architect: Ja-es =o*an Location: >ashin#ton! D2C2 Date: 11?/ to 1%01! *urne& 1%10! $orticos 1%20 to1%2? Style: )eor#ian @eoc+assica+ oAcia+ resi&ence o( the $resi&ent o( the Bnite& States o( A-erica! (or the +ast 200 years Cpitol of t"e Unite$ Stte( Architects: Thornton8Latro*e8 Bu+:nch Location: >ashin#ton! D2C2 Date: 11?/ to 1%/0 Style: @eoc+assica+ -eetin# $+ace o( the B2S2 Con#ress! the nationa+ asse-*+y o( the Bnite& States o( A-erica! consistin# o( the =ouse o( Re$resentatives an& the Senate Ntionl Gller# of Art Architect: John Russe+ Po$e houses one o( the :nest co++ections o( $aintin#! scu+$tures! an& #ra$hic arts in the wor+& /("in&ton +onument Architect: Ro*ert 9i++s Location: >ashin#ton! D2C2 Style: @eo8"#y$tian the o*e+is' is the on+y re-nant o( the ori#ina+ *+ue $rint that re-ains with )eor#e 9arsh! co-$etition 1%/32 stan&ar& "#y$tian $ro$ortion o( 10C1 hei#ht to *ase Uni0er(it# of 1ir&ini 1%23 Architect: Tho-as JeDerson Location: Char+ottesvi++e! <ir#inia Building Type: Bniversity ca-$us Style: C+assica+! @eo8Pa++a&ian i&eas o( sy--etry an& use o( *ric' arca&es connect *ui+&in#s aroun& centra+ +awn curvin# *ric' wa++s surroun& ca-$us +(()"u(ett( Stte Hou(e Architect: Char+es Bu+:nch 8 :rst native8*orn $ro(essiona+ A-erican architect c+assica+ e+e-ents are $i+asters! $orticos an& &o-es Sint Ptri)!-( Ct"e$rl Architect: Ja-es Renwic' Location: @ew Eor' sha$e& +i'e a Latin cross the +ar#est Ro-an Catho+ic Cathe&ra+ in the Bnite& States &esi#ne& in a )othic Reviva+ -ateria+s at "n#+ish an& French )othic Sty+e Conne)ti)ut Stte Cpitol Architect: Richar& B$Gohn +onti)ello 113% to 11%2 Architect: Tho-as JeDerson Location: Char+ottesvi++e! <ir#inia Building Type: =ouse Style: Co+onia+ )eor#ian Re-o&e+e&11?3 to 1%0% *eauti(u+ hi++to$ ho-e is a c+assica+ ea-$+e o( the +ate 1%th Century A-erican architecture an& a nationa+ historic +an&-ar' Ne2 Yor! Cit# Hll Architect: Pierre LHen(ant Style: French Renaissance 8 )eor#ian Sty+e one o( the -ost historica+ architectura++y &istin#uishe& *ui+&in# in @ew Eor' .llin&2ter 1?/0! 1?/%! 1?0% Architect: Fran' L+oy& >ri#ht Location: ;hio$y+e! Pennsy+vania Building Type: house Style: "$ressionist 9o&ern canti+evers &ra-atica++y over roc' outcro$$in# an& rushin# strea- sen&s out (ree8Ioatin# $+at(or-s au&acious+y over a s-a++ water(a++ an& anchors the- in the natura+ roc' Gu&&en"eim +u(eum 1?73 to 1?7? Architect: Fran' L+oy& >ri#ht Location: @ew Eor'! @ew Eor' Building Type: art -useu- Style: 9o&ern a #i(t o( $ure architectureJor rather o( scu+$ture *ase& on or#anic (or-s that the architect (oun& in seashe++s an& snai+s Coonle# Hou(e 1?0% Architect: Fran' L+oy& >ri#ht Location: Riversi&e2 .++inois Style: Prairie sty+e Building Type: house Construction System: woo& (ra-e with stucco a +ar#e! so$histicate& $rairie house Enni( Hou(e 1?2/ Architect: Fran' L+oy& >ri#ht Location: Los An#e+es! Ca+i(ornia Building type: house Style: Deco 9o&ern Construction system: *earin# -asonry! concrete *+oc's the +ast o( the (our Los An#e+es teti+e *+oc' house 3o"n(on /x Buil$in& 1?/3 to 1?/? an& 1?00 Architect: Fran' L+oy& >ri#ht Location: Racine! >isconsin Construction system: $recast concrete an& *ric' Style: -o&ern uni,ue structura+ e$ression in o$en ha++! tower with roun&e& corners the tower is tota++y enc+ose& an& &oes not a++ow (or hori6onta+ e$ansion o( wor' s$ace articu+ate& *y &en&ri(or- co+u-ns ca$a*+e o( su$$ortin# si ti-es the wei#ht i-$ose& u$on the-! a (act >ri#ht ha& to &e-onstrate in or&er to o*tain a *ui+&in# $er-it Lr!in Buil$in& 1?00! &e-o+ishe& 1?70 Architect: Fran' L+oy& >ri#ht Location: BuDa+o! @ew Eor' Building Type: co--ercia+ oAces Construction system: *ric' -asonry Style: "ar+y -o&ern +ar#e (our8storey centra+ atriu- the :rst entire+y air8con&itione& -o&ern oAce *ui+&in# on recor& /in&(pre$ 1?/1 Architect: Fran' L+oy& >ri#ht Location: >in& Point! >isconsin Building type: +ar#e house Style: neo8<ernacu+ar +ivin# roo-! &inin# roo-! 'itchen! (a-i+y s+ee$in# roo-s! #uest roo-s! were se$arate unites #rou$e& to#ether an& connecte& *y corri&ors Gol$en Gte Bri$&e 1?// to 1?/1 Architect: Jose$h Strauss Location: San Francisco! Ca+i(ornia Building type: sus$ension *ri&#e Construction system: stee+ (ra-e! stee+ ca*+es Styles: Structura+ 9o&ern with so-e Art Deco &etai+s one o( the +on#est *ri&#e in the wor+& a $ower(u+ an& e+e#ant hu-an structure in an e,ua++y *eauti(u+ natura+ +ocation overa++ *ri&#e +en#th o( ?233 (eet! or 2%20 -eters *ri&#e -ain s$an +en#th o( 0200 (eet! or 12%0 -eters .RENCH ARCHITECTURE T"e Lou0re 1703 to 1%1% Architect: Pierre Lescot Location: Paris! France Building type: $a+ace! art -useu- Construction system: cut stone *earin# -asonry Style: French Renaissance a+so &esi#ne& *y Catherine &e 9e&ici! J2A2 &u Cerceau ..! C+au&e Perrau+t! etc2 I4+4 PeiC &esi#n the #+ass $yra-i&! which serves as the -ain $u*+ic entrance Tuilerie( the Tui+eries )ar&en o( Paris is $art o( the Triu-$ha+ way! which *e#ins at the Louvre an& continues to the CityHs >estern e&#e Pli( Ro#l co--issione& *y Car&ina+ Riche+iev ori#ina+ na-e is Pa+ais Car&ina+ 11th century Dniel BurenC stri$$e& co+u-ns S)re-)oeur +ocate& at the hi++ o( 9ont-artre which is the hi#hest $oint in the city o( $aris 1%10C Pau+ A*a&ie 1?10C co-$+ete& *y Lucien 9a#ne Hotel $e 1ille +ar#est renaissance *ui+&in# 13th an& 11th century .ta+ian &esi#ner Do-enico &e Cortona 1%11C *urne&! renovate& in 2 years Ar) $e Triomp"e @a$o+eon! the French e-$eror &eci&e& to *ui+& a very *i# arch o( triu-$h! which stan&s at the to$ o( the Cha-$s "+ysees Pompi$ou Centre 1?12 to 1?13 Architect: Richar& Ro#ers an& Ren6o Piano Location: Paris! France Building Type: -o&ern art -useu- Construction system: hi#h8tech stee+ an& #+ass Style: =i#h8tech -o&ern a cost o( K100!000!000! with an avera#e atten&ance o( a$$roi-ate+y seven -i++ion $eo$+e a year -assive structura+ e$ressionist cast eos'e+eton! LeteriorL esca+ators enc+ose& in trans$arent tu*e Notre Dme $e Pri( 113/ to 1270 Architect: 9aurice &e Su++y Location: Paris! France Building Type: church! cathe&ra+ Construction system: *earin# -asonry! cut stone Style: "ar+y )othic one o( the -ost ce+e*rate& )othic cathe&ra+s in France twin towers -ar'in# the entrance $ro*a*+y the -ost (a-ous i-a#e in French )othic art Pri( *per Hou(e 1%71 to 1%10 Architect: Char+es )arnier Location: Paris! France Building type: theater! o$era house Construction system: -asonry! cut stone Style: @eo8Baro,ue $o+ychro-e (aMa&e! o$u+ent staircase co--ission *y co-$etition -aster$iece o( 1?th century architecture one o( the +ar#est an& -ost o$u+ent theaters in the wor+& (a+se cei+in# $ainte& *y +r) C"&ll El#(ee Pl)e 111% Architect: C+au&e 9o++et oAcia+ resi&ence o( the $resi&ent o( France Hotel $e In0li$e( @a$o+eons to-* is within the structure (oun&e& *y Louis N.< (or &isa*+e& so+&iers +ate 11th century L +$eleine Architect: @a$o+eon . church o( Ste2 9arie 9a&e+eine constructe& as a church in 1%02 surroun&e& *y 72 Corinthian co+u-ns Sorbonne -ost (a-ous *ui+&in# at the Bniversity o( Paris C"rtre( Ct"e$rl 11?0 to 1230 Location: Chartres! France Building type: cathe&ra+ Construction system: *earin# -asonry Style: )othic ee-$+ar the e+evation was in three tiers as it ha& no #a++ery an& the vau+tin# was ,ua&ri$artite! which e+i-inate& the nee& (or a+ternatin# su$$orts su$re-e -onu-ent o( =i#h )othic art an& architecture Amien-( Ct"e$rl 1220 107 -eters +on# +ar#est French )othic Cathe&ra+ ever *ui+t intricate (aMa&e co-$+ete& &urin# the 17th century R"eim( Ct"e$rl one o( the #reatest -onu-ent o( )othic art an& architecture construction co--erce& *y Jean &H;r*ais an& was co-$+ete& *y Ro*ert &e Coucy a wor' o( re-ar'a*+e unity an& har-ony Ei5el To2er 1%%1 to 1%%? Architect: )ustave "iDe+ Location: Paris! France Building Type: e$osition o*servation tower Construction system: e$ose& iron Style: <ictorian Structura+ "$ressionist &o-inates the s'y +ine o( Paris one o( the -ost (a-ous +an&-ar's in the wor+& *ui+t (or the Paris "$osition o( 1%%? Notre $me $u Hut 1?77 Architect: Le Cor*usier Location: Roncha-$! France Building type: church Construction system: rein(orce& concrete Style: "$ressionist 9o&ern so(t8(or- co-$osition! &ee$ win&ows with co+ore& #+ass (wa++ thic'ness 0O to 12O) Le Cor*usierHs &ra-atic $i+#ri- church 1ill S0o#e 1?2% to 1?2? Architect: Le Cor*usier Location: Poissy! France Building type: house Construction system: concrete an& $+astere& unit -asonry Style: -o&ern an ear+y an& c+assic ee-$+ar o( the L.nternationa+ Sty+eL! which hovers a*ove a #rass $+ane on thin concrete $i+otti! with stri$ win&ows! an& a Iat roo( with a &ec' area! ra-$! an& a (ew containe& touches o( curvaceous wa++s GER+AN ARCHITECTURE Bur&t"eter 1%10 to 1%%% Architect: )ott(rie& Se-$er with 4ar+ von =asenaver Berlin *per Hou(e (STAATS;P"R) Architect: )eor# >en6es+aus von 4no*e+s&or( /ur6bur& Re(i$en6 Architect: Ba+tha6ar @eu-ann one o( the *est structure o( the Baro,ue8Rococo $erio& Ein(tein To2er 1?1? to 1?21 Architect: "rich 9en&e+sohn Location: Pots&a-! )er-any Building type: +a*oratory! o*servatory Construction system: *earin# -asonry! concrete over *ric' Style: "$ressionist "ar+y 9o&ern curvaceous! strea-+ine& (or- &esi#ne& to ho+& "insteinOs own astrono-ica+ +a*oratory this Osarco$ha#us o( architectura+ "$ressionis-O is one o( the -ost *ri++iant+y ori#ina+ *ui+&in#s o( the twentieth century ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE Briti(" +u(eum 1%2/ to 1%01 Architect: Sir Ro*ert S-ir'e Location: Lon&on! "n#+an& Building type: art an& historica+ -useu-! +i*rary Construction system: -asonry! cut stone Style: <ictorian .onic (aMa&e! C+assica+ Reviva+ .nc+u&es one o( the wor+&Os #reat +i*rary roo-s2 )+a6e& roo( over restore& courtyar& *y @or-an Foster Sli(bur# Ct"e$rl 1220 to 127% Location: Sa+is*ury! "n#+an& Building type: Cathe&ra+ (church! te-$+e) Construction system: *earin# -asonry! cut stone Style: "n#+ish )othic Cathe&ra+ o( Saint 9ary an outstan&in# ea-$+e o( the "ar+y "n#+ish architectura+ sty+e ta++est in "n#+an& 000(t (12/-) use o( Pur*ec' -ar*+e to create a stron#+y co+oure& sche-e 7ueen-( Hou(e 1313 to 13/7 Architect: .ni#o Jones the #reatest o( "n#+ish C+assica+ architect Location: )reenwich! "n#+an& Building type: +ar#e house Construction system: *earin# -asonry Style: Pa++a&ian! Late "n#+ish Renaissance was *ui+t *y Jones (or Anne o( Den-ar'! wi(e o( Ja-es . Somer(et Hou(e 1113 to 11%3 Architect: >i++ia- Cha-*ers Location: Lon&on! "n#+an& Building type: #overn-ent oAces an& art schoo+ Construction system: cut stone -asonry Style: @eoc+assica+ =o-e o( Roya+ Aca&e-y o( the Arts2 Corinthian or&ers a*ove arche& courtyar& a$ertures! rusticate& *ase Sint Pul-( Ct"e$rl 1317 to 1110 Architect: Sir Christo$her >ren Location: Lon&on! "n#+an& Building type: church Construction system: -asonry! *ric'! ti-*er an& cut stone Style: Late renaissance to Baro,ue the &o-e $ea's at /33 (eet a*ove $ave-ent a -aster$iece o( Baro,ue architecture +ar#est cathe&ra+ in "n#+an& C"i(2i)! Hou(e 112? Architect: Lor& Bur+in#ton Location: Chiswic'! "n#+an& Building type: +ar#e house Construction system: *earin# -asonry Style: Pa++a&ian a+so 'nown as PBurlin&ton Hou(eQ /e(tmin(ter Pl)e 1%/3 to 1%3% Architect: Sir Char+es Barry Location: Lon&on Building type: seat o( #overn-ent! #overn-ent center Construction system: cut stone *earin# -asonry Style: "n#+ish )othic Reviva+ Bi& BenC the c+oc' tower *est 'nown is a #reat sy-*o+ o( Lon&on ori#ina++y seat o( 'in#s as a roya+ resi&ence Gl(&o2 S)"ool of Art 1%?1 to 1?0? Architect: Char+es Rennie 9ac'intosh Location: )+as#ow! "n#+an& Building type: co++e#e Construction system: *earin# -asonry Style: art an& cra(ts! art nouveau i-a#inative synthesis o( e+e-ents o( Art @ouveau an& Scottish Architecture Dur"m Ct"e$rl 10?/ to 12%0 Location: Durha-! "n#+an& Building type: church! cathe&ra+ Construction system: *earin# -asonry! cut stone Style: Ro-anes,ue one o( the -ost i-$ressive @or-an Ro-anes,ue sty+e in "uro$e ha& a reci$roca+ inIuence on the architecture o( @or-a&y the ri* vau+t coverin# o( Durha- Cathe&ra+ is the o+&est ea-$+e that has survive& Bu)!in&"m Pl)e Architect: sir )eor#e )orin# *ui+t &urin# the rei#n o( 'in# Ja-es . CHINA8 TUR%EY8 ITALY8 INDIA AND SPAIN ARCHITECTURE Temple of He0en Location: China 100 acre enc+osure *ui+t *y the 9in# Dynasty e-$eror Eon#+e (Eun#8.o) -eans PPerpetul HelpQ H&i So9 7/2 to 7/1 Architect: .si&oros an& Anthe-ios Location: .stan*u+! Tur'ey Building type: church Construction system: *earin# -asonry Style: By6antine a tre-en&ous &o-e& s$ace *ui+t as the new Cathe&ra+ o( Constantino$+e *y the "-$eror Justinian a -aster$iece o( By6antine architecture a&&itiona+ -inarets when the church *eca-e a -os,ue Ct"e$rl of Sien Location: Southern .ta+y incor$orate& )othic e+e-ents in a stron#+y 9e&iterranean &esi#n Pi( Ct"e$rl 10/ to 1/70 Location: Pisa! .ta+y Building type: church co-$+e Construction system: *earin# -asonry! cut stone! white -ar*+e Style: Ro-anes,ue LPisa Cathe&ra+ with Ba$tistery! Ca-$ani+e an& Ca-$o Santo! to#ether (or- one o( the -ost (a-ous *ui+&in# #rou$s in the wor+& the cathe&ra+ co-$+e inc+u&es the (a-ous Leanin# Tower! La Torre Pen&ente white -ar*+e with co+onna&e& (aca&es .loren)e Ct"e$rl 12?3 to 1032 Architect: Arno+(o &i Ca-*io Location: F+orence! .ta+y Building type: &o-e& church! cathe&ra+ Construction system: *earin# -asonry Style: .ta+ian Ro-anes,ue 12?3C Cathe&ra+ *e#un on &esi#n *y Arnolfo $i Cmbio 1/71C ProGect continue& on a -o&i:e& $+an *y .rn)e()o Tlenti 1/3381C Ta+entiOs &e:nitive &esi#n e-er#e& ca++in# (or an enor-ous octa#ona+ &o-e 101%C co-$etition (or construction o( &o-e2 1020C technica+ so+ution (or vau+tin# $ro$ose& *y Brunelle()"i a$$rove& an& construction *e#un T"e Duomo &o-e a&&e& *y Brune++eschi 10/3J church consecrate& %r! $e( C"e0lier( 1170 to 1270 Location: Syria Building type: (ort Style: 9e&ieva+ crusa&er cast+e the *est $reserve& an& -ost who++y a&-ira*+e cast+e in the wor+& Al"mbr 1//% to 1/?0 Location: )rana&a! S$ain Building type: $a+ace Construction system: *earin# -asonry Style: 9oorish (.s+a-ic) $a+ace o( @asri& Dynasty the -ost *eauti(u+ re-ainin# ea-$+e o( >estern .s+a-ic Architecture *ui+t as a cathe&ra+ in the -i&8 1200Hs Pha++ o( GusticeQC note& (ro- its e+a*orate sta+actite (m:rns) &ecoration C( Btllo 1?07 to 1?01 Architect: Antonio )au&i Location: Barce+ona! S$ain Building type: a$art-ent *ui+&in# Construction system: concrete Style: "$ressionist or Art @ouveau uses ani-a+ sty+es a+ throu#h8out the structure C( +il 1?07 to 1?10 Architect: Antonio )au&i Location: Barce+ona! S$ain Building type: -u+ti(a-i+y housin# Construction system: -asonry an& concrete Style: Art @ouveau e$ressionistic! (antastic! or#anic (or-s in un&u+atin# (aca&e an& roo( +ine +i#ht court it cou+& *e co-$are& with the stee$ c+iD wa++s in which A(rican tri*es *ui+& their cave8+i'e &we++in#s S&r$ .mili 1%%2 to 1?23 Architect: Antonio )au&i Location: Barce+ona! S$ain Building type: church Construction system: -asonry Style: "$ressionist Church o( the =o+y Fa-i+y unco-$+ete& &urin# )au&iHs +i(eti-e crowne& *y (our s$ires T, +"l 13/0 to 137/ Architect: "-$eror Shah Jahan Location: A#ra! .n&ia Building type: .s+a-ic to-* Construction system: *earin# -asonry! in+ai& -ar*+e Style: .s+a-ic onion8sha$e &o-es! Ian'in# towers! *ui+t (or wi(e 9u-at6 9aha+ +ocate& on the Ju-na River -useu- (or 9o#u+ e-$erorHs consort