s

at ls thc Contcm
[
orar
7
:
1 .
1bc qucst ion tbat l wou| d | ikc t o i nsctibc on
tbc t htcsbo|d o| bis scmi nar is. "C| wbom and o|
what arc wc contcmporarics! ^nd, hrst and |otc-
most, Vbat docs it mcan to bc contcmporary! I n
tbc coutsc o| t his scmi nat, wc sba| | bavc ocasion to
rcad tcxts wbosc autbors arc many ccntur|cs rcmovcd
Irom us, as wc| | as Ohcrs |ha| zrc morc rcCcn|, or cvcn
vcry rcccnt. At a| | cvcnts, i t is csscntia| that wc man-
a
g
c to bc in somc way contcmgorarcs o thcsc tcxts.
Jhc t mc o| our scm nar s contcm
[
orar ncss, and
as sucb | t dcmands j csigc| to bc contcmporaty witb tbc
tcxts and tbc authors it cxam| ocs. Jo a gtcat dcgtcc,
tbc succcss o| tb|s scm| nar may bc cva| uatcd by |ts-
by ourCaQaC||y to mcasurC uQ |O |hs cx_cnCy.
An i niti a| , provisiona| i ndication that may ot.
CDt Our scarC0 Or an answcr tU thc aDOvc qucst|Ons
40 wt t|c 0nr~QomQ!
comcs rOm Pc|zschc. hO and atthcs summa-
rizcs thi s answcr i n a nOtc tOm h s cctutcs at thc
LOcgc dc Itancc. "Thc COntcmgOrary s thc un-
t mcy. l n t8)q, Iticdtich Nictzschc, a young gh oO-
gi st who had workcd op to that QO nt On Gtcck tctts
and had to ycrs car| icr achicvcd an uncxpcctcd cc-
|cbr|ty w|th Ibc 8irtb e]Iragcd, puD shcd thc Ua-
zctt_emmc bctruchIuu_ru, thc LnImrQ rdII:0r, a
work in which hc ttics to CODc I0 tctms w th hs t| mc
and takc a pos|ton wtth rcgards lO thc Qrcscnt. `hs
mcdtatOn s tsc unt i mc|y," wc tcad at thc bcgi n-
ni ng oI thc sccond mcdtaton, bccausc |t sccks I0 Un-
dctstand as an ncss, a di saDi ty, and a dc|cct somc-
th| ng wh|ch |h|s cpoch |s Qu |c t_h|y ptoud o| that
i s to sy, ts hstorCa cu turc, bccausc I bc icvc that wc
atc a consumcd by thc |cvct o| hstOty and wc shOud
at cast tca zc tt. Io othct wotds, Nctzschc situatcs
hi s Own C a m ot `tccvancc jImlm, b|s "contcm-
porart ncss w|th rcsgcct to the pmscnt, in a d|sconncc-
tion and out-o|-oi ntncss. Jhosc who arc truy contcm-
porary, who truly bc|ong to |hc t t mc, atc thOsc Vho
ncthcr pctccty CO nCdc w th t nOr ad] ust thcmscvcs
|O ts dcmands. 1hcy arc thus in t his scnsc ttccvznt
inottuole| . but prcci scy bccausc ol th|s cond tion,
QtcCi sc|y thtou_h th s discOnnccuOn and thi s 3nachro-
n|sm, t hcy zrc morc capaDc thzn othcrs o| pcrccivi ng
and gtaspi ng thci t own timc.
whet l: thc Cantm
]
am
Q

4
I
Natura| |y, thi s nonco| nc|dcncc, th|s dys-chrony,
docs uOt mcaD that thc COutcmQOtaty |s a pcrson who
| ivcs in anothct ti mc, a nosta|gic who |cc|s morc at
homc n thc Athcns o| |cric|cs or in t hc |aris o|
Kobcspcttc and thc matqus dc Sadc tban n tbc cty
and thc tmc |n whch hc vcs. Pn ntc _cnt D3D
can dcspisc h|s ti mc, wh||c knowi ng that hc ncvcrthc-
|css | rrcvocably bc|On_s to t, that hc cannOt csc1gc h s
own t| mc.
Contcmporari ncs i s, thcn, d si ngu| at rc|ationshi p
wi t h onc`s Own t mc, whch adhcrcs tO t an, at t hc
samC tc, kccps a distancc Itom t. Motc ptccsc|y, t
s tbat rrmt0n:bp utb tmr tbt udbrrr: t0 t tbr0ugb
a diun:tien end an anacbronitm. Jhosc who coi nc|dc
too wc| | w|tb thc cpocb, tbosc who atc pct|cct|y t|cd
to |t u cvcry |csQcCt, arc uOt C0ntcmporar|cs, QrcC|sc|y
bccausc thCy do not mana_c to scc it, thcy atc not ab|c
to hrm|y ho|d thc| r gazc on | t.
Z.
l n tyz], Cs. Q audc|stam wr| tcs QOcm cnt|t |cd
Jhc |cntury [thou_h thc Russi an word tck a| so
mcans "cpoch" ot "agc"). It dos not contai n a tcdcc-
t|on on tbc ccntuty, but ratbct a tcdcct|on on thc rc|a-
toD bctwccn thc poct and hs tmc, that s tO say, oD
COntcmpOrarnc. Not "thc ccntuty," but, zCcord n_
q2 what Is thc Canumparuq
to thc wotds tbat oQcn thc hrst vctsc, "my ccntury or
"my a@C (eek msr):
My Ccntufy, my bcstg whO w mzn@c
tO OOk i nsidc yuul cyc
and wcd tOgcthcr wth h s own b0Od
rhc vcrtcbrzc O L ccnt uric!
Jhc poct, who must pay |ot h contcmpotat| ncss
wth hs ||c, | s hc who must hrm|y |ock hi s gazc onto
thc cycs o| h|s ccntury-bcast, who must wc|d w|th h| s
own b|ood thc shattcrcd backbonc o| t| mc. 1hc two
ccntutics, thc two t mCs, atC not on|y, a8 a bcCn sug-
gcstcd, t hC n nctccnth and twcnt|ctb, but a|so, morL
to thc po nt, thc |cngth o| si n@|C i ndividua| `s |c (rc-
mcmbcr that :urculum ot|g| na||y mcans thc pct|od o|
a pctson`s | i |c) aad thc co||cct|vc hi storica| pcriod that
wc ca|| |n tb|s casc thc twcnticth ccntury. wc sha||
|carn i n tbc |ast stroQhc u| thc
j
ocm@ thc backbonc o|
this a@C i s shat tcrcd. Jhc poct, i nso|ar as hc i s con-
tcmQurzry, : |hs |rac| urc, u at oacc that wh|ch m-
pcdcs ti mc |rom composi ng itsc|I and thc b|ood that
must suturc this btcak ot tb|s woand. Jhc pata |c|-
i sm bctwccn thc t i mc and thc vCttCbrac o| thc Clc3-
turc, on tbc onc hand, and thc t mc and thc vcttcbrac
o| thc agc, OH th othcr, CunSt tulcs onc o| thc csscnt|a|
thcmcs o| thc pocm.
O on_ 5 t hc crcaturc | vcs
t must carry Orth ts vcrt cbrac,
B thc wavcs Qay aong
wth an nvsbc sQnc.
WbJl s lbr Cantcmpamq
4
J
ltkc R cht ds tcndcr ctt agc
s thc ccntury o thc ncwborn canh.
hc othct gtcat t hcmc~and thi s, | i kc thc grecCd
i ng onc, is aO an magc o| coatcmpotat| ncss-is that
o| thc shattcnn, 2S wc| | as o| thc wc| d|ng, oI thc agc`s
vcttcbtac, both o| which arc thc work o| a si ng|c i nd|
v|dua| (| n tb|s casc tbc pOct).
`lo wrcst thc ccntury away rom bndagc
so as to start thc word ancw
onc must tc togcthct wth a datc
thc knccs o a thc knottcd days.
Jhat ths s an mpossib|c taskot at any ratc a gar-
doica| oncs ptovcn by tbc Io| |ow| ng sttOQhc wi th
which thc gom conc|udcs. Mot on|y docs thc cpoch-
bcast havc btokcn vcrtcDrac, Dt eek, thc ncwbotn agc,
wants tO tUt atotr nd an i mpossib|c gchturc |or pct-
son wth a bmkcn backbonc) in Ordcr tO cOntcmgatc
its own ttacks and, |n this way, to disp|ay |ts dcmcntcd
acc-
but yOur Dkbnc h1 bccn hzttctcd
O my wondtoug wtctChcd CcDtuty.
th a cncc8 mc
| i kc Dc1t |hat w1 OnCc mDct
yOu |OOk k, wc and Ctuc|
tO COntcmQlatc your own ttzCk.

4 Wb0l lbr Contnporaq

Jhc poct~thc contcmporary-must htm|y ho|d hi s
gazc on his own t i mc. ut what docs hc wbo sccs hi s
i mc actua y scc: Wbat i s thi s dcmcntcd gti n on thc
|acc o| his agc! I Wou|d | | kc at t his poi nt to proposc a
scCOnd dchnition o| contcmpotatincss. Jhc contcmpo-
raty |s hc who hm|y ho|ds his gazc on h s own t | mc
:o as to pctccivc not ts | i ght, but tathct its datkncss.
A|| cras, |or thosc who cpcricncc contcmpotati ncss,
1tc obscurc. Jhc contcmpotaty i s ptcc|sc|y thc pctmn
who knows how to scc thi s obscutity, who i s ab|c I0
wr tc by dippi ng h|s pcn |n tbc obscuri ty O thc prcs-
cnt. but what does it mcan, "to scc an obscutty," ":o
pctccvc thc datkncss"!
Jhc ncutophysio|ogy o| vi sion suggcsts an i ni-
ti a| answcr. What happcns whcn wc hnd outsc|vcs i n
a p|acc dcgriVCd o | ght, ot whcn wc c|osc our cycs
What is thc datkncss that wc scc thcn| Mcutophysio|-
ogsts tc| | us that thc abscncc oI ght act ivatcs sctcs
o| pcriphcta| cc||s in thc tcti na ca| |cd `O-ccs. Whcn
aCtVatcd, thcsc Lc s prLducC t hc parti cu| at k nd o| v|-
sion that wc ca|| datkncss. arkncss s nOt, thctc|otc, a
pt|vat ivc notion thc si mp|c abscncc o| |ghty ot somc-
t hi ng | i kc nonvision) but tathct thc tcsu|t oI tbc aCuV-
t y o| thc "o||-cc| |s, 2 product oI out own tcti na. Jhi s
mcans, i | wc now tctulD tO our thcsis on thc darkncss
wht Is thc Cantcmpamq
4

o| contcmQotati ncss_ that to gcrccvc thi s darkncss is
not |orm o| i ncrti a ot o| passvty, Out r3thct mQ ics
an activity and a D_u ar aOi | ity. lD our Cac, lb ai
ity amounts to a ncutta iztoa o thc ights t hat cOmc
rOm thc cgoch in otdcr tO d sOVCt ts OOsCurty, t8
sgcc a| darkocss, which is Dot@ hOwcvcr, scgarabc |rom
thosc | |ghts.
Jhc Oncs whO can ca thcmsc|vcs cOntcmgorzry arc
Ony thosc who do not a| |ow tacmsc|vcs to bc D ndcd
by thC | |ghts o| thc ccntury, and so maD_c |o _cl a
g i mQse o| thc shadows i n tbo:c | i ghts, O thc r nt -
matc obscurity. Havi ng said thi s much, wc havc ncv-
ctthc|css sti | | not addrcsscd out qucst |on. Why shou|d
wc bc at a | |ntcrcstcd in QcrCciv| D_ thc obCur|ty that
cmanatcs rom lhc cQoch! Is datkDcss not gtcc|sc|y aD
anOnymou cx
[
cricncc that s by dchni ton mpcnctta
b|c, somcthi ng that t not di retcd at us aDd Ihu CaD-
not COnccrn 0s' On thc coDttdry@ thc cOntcmgorary i s
thc QcrsOn who gCrccvCs IhC darkDc o| hi s t i mc as
somcth D_ that COnCctns h m, b somcthi ng thzt ncvcr
ccascs to cng+gc h m Oarkncs is somcth Dg that-
morc than aay |_hltutn di tccty and sngu| aty to-
ward h| m. hc contcm
[
orary s tbe onc whosc cycs
arc struck by thc bcam o| datkncss that comcs |tom
h own ti mc.
q whar It rhc Cntparaqr

l n thc hrmamcD| that wc ObscrYc a| n|_htg thc st1rs
shtnc Dftghty surrOundcd by a th| Ck darkncss. o ncc
|hc numbct O gaax|cs and | um nous bOdcs n thc
unVcrsc s a mOst | nDntc, thc darkncss that wc scc n
tbc sky s Omcth| n_ |ha|, aCCOtd n_ tO 5LCnt|sts, dc-
mands an cxQanat On. lt |s QrcC|sc|y thc cxp|anat|on
that COntcmQOrary astrOQhysCs |vcs Or ths darkncss
that l wOud DOV kc tO dCuss. In an cxQand| ng 0n-
vcrsc, thc mOst rcmOtc _a|axcs movc away rOm us at
x spced O grca| Iba| tbc| t | _ht s ncvcr abc |O fcaCh
us. hat wc gcrcc|vc as |hc datkMcss O thc hcaVcns
|s tb|s _h| th3t, though |favc | n_ tOward us, CanDot
rCaLh L b s| ncc thc _| axCs rOm whCh thc | |ght orig|-
natcs mOvc away rOm us at a vcOty _rcatcr than thc
sQccd O | ght.
O Qcrccvc, n thc darkncss o| thc Qrcscnt, th| s ||_ht
tha| sttvcs tO rc3Cb us but CaDDOtthS s wha| |
mcans tO bc cOntcmQOrary. As such, cOntcmQOrartrs
arc rarc. Pnd Or I h s tcaSOD, |O br cOntcmQOrary :,
hrst and OrcmOst, a Qucst|On O L0uta_cg bcCausc |
mcans Dc ng abc nO| On| y tO hrmy hx yOur _azc On
thc darkncss O |hc cpOChg but a|so IO QcrCc|vc n ths
dfkncs5 3 |ght | hat, wh c d rcctcd tOward us, | nh-
D||cy dstaDCcs |c rOm us. n othcr wOrds, | s kc
Dcn_ On t| c |or an aQQO| n|mcm that Onc CannOt but
mtss.
w|ei Is :|e Canumparaq
+/
h s s thc rcasOn why thc grcscnt that cOntcmQO-
rar| ncss Qcrccvcs has DtOkcn vcrtcbrac. Lur t mc, thc
Qrcscnt, s |n |act nOt On|y thc mOst dstant. | t CaDDOt
any way rcach us. lts backbonc s brOkcn and wc
hnd Ourscvct |n thc cxact QOnt O th s taC|utc. h
s why wc arc, dcsQtc cvcrythn_, cOntcmgOrar.cs.
t s mQOrtaut tO rca| zc that |hc aQQOntmcnt :ha|
s n QucstOn n cOntcmQOrarncss dOcs HOl s| mQy
takc Qacc n chrOnOO_ca t mc. t s sOmcth| ng that,
wOtkn_ wt n chrOnO|O_|ca| t | mc, ur_cs, Qrcsscs, aDd
transOrms t. Pnd t hs urgcncy |s thc unt mc ncV,
thc anachrOn| sm that Qcrmts us tO _tasQ Our ||mc n
thc Orm O a `toO soOn that asO a `tOO atc, O an
`atcady that s asO a `DOt yct. NOrcOvct, t al |ows
us tO rccO_nzc n thc Obscurty O thc Qrcscnt |hc | |_ht
that, w|thOul cvcr Dcn_ aDc tO rcach us, s Qcrctua y
vOya_n_ tOvard us.
1
P _OOd cxzmQc O t hs sgcca| cxQcrcncc O t mc
that wc ca cOmcmQOrar ncss s ashOn. ashon can
bc dchncd a thc n|tOductO0 ntO t mc O a QcCu at
dscOnt nuty that dv|dcs t accOrd n_ tO ts rc|cvancc
Ot ttccvancc, | t bcng-| n-ash|On Or nO-OD_cr-Dc n_-
n-ash| On. Jh| s cacsura, as subt| c as t may bc. |s rc-
markabc | n |hc scnsc that thcsc whO nccd tO makc
qb khat : thc Cntcparaq
notc oI |t do so |nla |by, and n so dong thcy at-
tcst tO thc r own bcn_ n zshOn. ut | wc try tC Cb-
j ecti |y and hx ths cacsur1 wth n Chro0OO_|Ca | mc,
t rCvcas |t | as un_fagabc. n thC |s| Q aCc, |hc
`now oI |ah| oD, thc n8|ant n whCh t COmcs ntO
Ocn_, v no| dcn| haDc vz any k Dd O thrOnOmctc|.
8 th `now Qc|haQs t hc momcnt n Whch t hc |ash-
oD dc8_nCr concctvcs o t hc _cncrz concc
[
t , t hc nu-
anCc thzt w dChnC thc nc sty|c O thc clothcs' Lr t
t t hc omCnt whCn hc |atb|on dcstgncr convcys thc
conCcQt ID h t asststants, a0d thcn |O t hc tz Ot Who
w scw thc grototyg! Lr, rzthcr, s t thc momcnt
o| thc zshtOn show, whCn rhc cOthCs C wO|n by t hc
on y gCOgC whO a|c zwayt and Ony n |ah| oD, thc
mdunrqutm, Or mOc s, thOsc who nonct hc|css , Qtc-
c8cy lO| th s rcavoD, a|c ncvc| ttuy n l1sh On' bc-
czuc tn th|s |avt nstaHCc, |hc Dcng D lzsbtOn oI |hc
tyC w dcgnd on t hc |act tha thc gcogc ot hCvh
and bCCd, rathcr tban thc munrqutm (thosc sacr h-
c| a vict ms O z Iacccss gOd), w rcco_nt zc t as such
and choOsc that s tyc h:r thcir own wardrobc.
hc t mc o |ashon, thcrcorc, const t uttvcy znt | C-
gatct tsc and conscqucnty zC aw1ys |oO | a|c. lt
a|way8 takc t hc o|m oI an un_tag1C thrcshOd C-
twcCn d `DOt yct und z nO 0DR. lt 8 gutC QrOD-
aDc |hzt, as !hc thcOOgans su_gc1t, t D CoDtc| a-
t|on dcQcnd8 on thC |ac| that ashOn, at cat | n our
ba: 1 b: C0rrmpmuQ`
+

CutufC, 3 tco|ogca| si_3|Ufc oI cOt h ng, whCh
Ucr|Vcs tCm thc Dr8t QtCcc O cOtn_ that scwn
Uy dam aDd LVc ztcr thc Ln_|na bi n, tn thc |orm
o| o ncoth Wovcn rOm h
$
cavcs. [O bc Qrcc sc,
thc c|othcs that wC wCzr dcVc@ nOt t0m th|s vc_c-
tz |O| nCOth, but trom thC nntcac pcceuc, thc Clothc
madc lrom an mas skn that LOd, zCCOrd n_ t0 Lcn-
c!8 ]. 2I , gaVc to our Qm_CD tC|s a a tzng| Dc ymDO
O s n and dCtD | n thC momCn| Dc CxQC Cd lcm tOm
arad|sc.I n ahy Czsc, whtcVcr thc fCl8OD may Uc, tc
thc karo: o| las|on s un_rasgaC: |hc Q|a8C,
"| am |D t| S u8laDt D 1sOn s COttaCClCfy, bC-
C1usc thc mOmCnt n WhCD thc subjem QrOnounCcs | t,
bc | s a rczdy out oI zsh on. So, bc n_ n tshn, kc
COntcm
[
Omr| nc, cntz s B ccrtat n `casc, a ccrtatn
guz ty C bc| n

Out-O-Qhzsc or Out-O-datC, a whch
oncs rccVanCc nC|udC w| th n tsc a 8mz Qan ot
what | cs Ouudc o| t8clL d szdc oI dod, O| Dc-
oUt ot atbtOn. lt tn |h8 scntC that tt Wa ta|U o|
aD Cc_anl aJy n DDctCChth-CCDtu|y zr. s, LC Ct
COntcmQOta nc Cc tOut c mOndc, `oc s cvcrybody'
CCntcmQtaty.
but t hc |CQOfa Iy o| msDOn ha znOtcr CharaCtcr
tbat |c|atcs t lD cOntcm
j
orar ncss. lo| ow n_ thc bC
_cturc Dy wCh tc grcscnt dvdcs t|mc accord| n
$
to
a no morc and a `no yct, t as cstab tshcs a Qctt
| a| nzti onshQ wtth thc8c ot hcr t mcsccrtz ny
w0at tbr Canmpara
Q

w1th thc gat, and gcthags alO Wth |hc uturc. lash-
On Cau thctcOtc CtC, and :n th:s Way maKc tc|c-
vam a
[
aIu, auy mOmcnt tOm thc QasI thc tgDs, thc
Iy)Os, but alsO thc ncOcla:ca| Ot cmgItc stylc). lt Can
thctClOtc tic tO
[
cthct that wh:Ch :t has ncxOtaby d1
V:dcdtcCall, tc-cVOkc, and tcVtal|zc that whCh :t
had dcc|atcd dcaO
b.
hctc :s alO anOthct asgcCt tO th:s QcC|z| tc| t:On-
sh:Q W:th thc Qat.
LOuIcmQOtatInc nsct:bcs :tscl In thc Qrccm Oy
marku
[
t aboVc al z atchatc \nly hc WhO QctCcVcs
thc :nd:ccs anO si
[
uatutcs O thc a:cha:c tn thc mOst
modcrn and rcccm Cau bc COntcmQO:a:y. AtchaIC
mcan8 clOsc tO thc urkh Ihat is tO say, thc Or:_:n uI
|hc OtI
g
n |s nOt Ony s:tuatcd in a ChrOnOO
g
ICa Qast:
|I s COntcmQOrary W1|h h:stOrtCal bcCOmug and dOc
nOt Ccasc tO Opcta|c W:th:n :t, ust as thc cmbtyO Con-
tInucs Io bc zctvc In thc |Isuc Ol thO matutc Ot
_an:m and thc Chld :n thc Qych:c :c Ol thc aOult.
Oth th:s dIstancIn
[
and ncarncss, WhCh dchnc COn-
tcmQOratncss havc thcIt OundatIOn In |hI QtOx:m-
ity tO thc Or_| n tat nowhCrc Qulscs W1th mOtc OtCc
than n thc Qtcscm. hOcvct has sccn thc skysCraQcts
O cW IOtk lOt thc h:st tmc attv:n_ tOm IDc OCcan
w0at L thc Cuntcmpotary
at dawn has Immcdiatcly gctCcIvcd this a:ChaIC _ctr:
O thc grcscnt, th: COntIguOusncss w:th thc ru:n |hal
tc atcmQora! |magcs O ocQtcmOcr IIlD haVc madc cv-
|dcnt tO a.
stOtans O ltcratutc and O att knOW tat tcrc s
a scCtct aDnIty bctwccn thc atChaIC and thc mOdctn,
nOt sO muCh bccausc thc atCaIC l0tms sccm t0 cxct-
CIsc a QartICular Charm On tc Qrccnt, but rzthcr Oc-
Causc thc kcy tO thc mOdctn Iddcn |n lc mmc-
mOta aDd tc ptch|stOtIC hus, thc aDCcnt WOtd n
Its dcCInc tDrDs tO tc QrImOtdIl sO as to tcdIsCOVct
Itscl c aVaDt_atdc, WICh has lOst Itscl OVct tImc,
alsO gutsucs thc gtmItIvc and tc atchaC. lt Is In tDis
scnsc that onc can say that thc cntry gOnt tO thc gtcs-
cnt ncCcssarIly |akcs thc OrD O an arCcOOgy an ar-
ChcOlOgy that dOc DOt, hOWcVcr, tc_tcs tO a hItOtCa
Qat, but rctutns |O |Dt Qatt Wt:n tc Qrcscnt tat
Wc atc absOlutcly nCaQabc Ol Vin_. hat tcmaIns
UnlIVcd tDcrcOtc s nccssantly suCkcd baCk tOwatd tDc
otigin, wthout cVct cin_ zbc to rcaCh it. Jhc rc8cnt
s nothIn_ OthCr than ths unVcd ccmcnt In cVcty-
tng that s Vcd. at WhIC |mpcdcs aCCcs tO thc
prcscnt s QtcCscy thc mass O What Dt Omc tcaOD
|t ttaumatC ChataCtct, t cxCcss|Vc ncatnc8s} Wc aVc
nOt mana_cd tO lVc. hc zttcntIOn tO thIs unlivcd
Is thc |c o| thc cOntCmgotaty. And tO bc ontcmgo
)2 what D rhe Centepomq
taty mC1D8 n th SD8c tO tCtutn tO a pt0scDt whcrc
wc havc ncVct Dcn.

hosc Who h1VC ttCd to th nk abCut Om0mgfaf-
| Dcb DaVc Ucn aUc fO dO 8o ouy Uy sg |t| ng |t ug
Dto scVct1 t mC8, by uttoduCln_ Dto t mc an Csscn-
t z dsomO_CDCi ty. hOc who say
.
mj tmc aCtua y
dVdc t| mClhCy | DsC| bC ntO | z Cac8ufz znd J d i-
CUu!nuty. 0t Qrccscy by mcans o ths cacsdta, t h
ntctgoaton ol thc gtCsCDt ntO t hc | ncrt homogcnc. ty
oI ncar t mC, thc comcmgorary guts L work a sgca
rc a| ODh g btwccn thC dllcrcDt | mcs. l , as wc havc
sccn, it |s thc contcm

orar
)
Who hzs DrOk0n t hC VcttC-
brac O |1 |s | | mc [Ot, at zny tatc, Who hz8 Qcrcci vcd n t
a |a0 | | DC Ot a brczk| ng gO nt), t hcn hc ao mMc8 ot
t h8 taCt utc d mcC| | D_ gaCC, ot z D CncOdntcl DctWcD
t mcs aud _CnC|atOn. Dctc | s Olh Dg motc cXCm-
gaty, n t | s CO8C, thaD zu| s _cs|u|c a| thc gO| n|
tn whtch hc cXgC|cnCc and HMLULCb to hi s btoth-
Ct8 |hc CoDtcmgotar Dcs g1t CxCcCnCc that s mcss-
anc t mc, tc bc| n

-Contcmgory w|h thc mcssah,

whch hc Cz s QtcC| scy thc `t mc Ol thC DOw (ho njn
kairo). Io| ony s th t| mc ChtODo|o_caly ndCtCf-
m natc [t hc ]arousm, thc tctum O Lhrt rt thzt 8_na|8
thC CDd CCHa|D aDd nC1t, lhOugh DOt zt a CaCu1OC
what lt thr Coutm
/
ora

>J
QOBt), Dut |t x|so h2s thC $n_u at Ca

aC |y O| guH| ng
cvcty t nstant ot thC Q1St u d| rCCt rczttonsh p |th t-
sc | o zk| n_ cvcty momcnt Or CpisodC o| bb La
| stOQ a pmghccy Dl a Q|cD_u|a|Ou ( Iaa| Qrc|c8 thc
tcrm Qyor, R
j
ote o thc Qmscnt (thus dam, trou_
wDOm humauty rcccvOd dczth and s n, s a tygC Ot
h_urC oI t hc mcss ah, who br n_s abOut :eJemp:ioo
and |lc tO mcu}.
h|s C thzt thc comcm
[
orar
)
t s uot Ony thc
ouC vho, gcrCCVn_ thc darkncss ot |hC pDscnt. _|a!Q
a | g| l zt Can oever tcaCh t8 dc8t ny, hC |s x|so thC
OnC wO, dl V| U| ng znd ntctQo|at|n_ t mt, 8 CzQ1-
UC O tta0s|O|m| 0_ |l and Qutt| n_ |t |n tc ztOH wth
Otct t | mCs. Mc s U|C IO rcad hlOty i n UDh|C5C0n
wys, to `CtC | zCcOrd u_ tD uCCCs||y that dOs DOl
al8c n any wa
J
trom hs w, but |rom zn cx_cncy
tO wC c CaBDOl not rcsgOnd. t I th8 uV|8-
| bC |_ht tat thc datkncss o thc grCsCn| ca:t t
shadow on tc Qast, 5O that tc gatt, touchcd by th
shadow, zCgu tcd thc aD| | ty to tcsQond to thC dzrk-
ncss o| |C DOw. lt .s omCl| ng z On_ |C | Dc tzt
Nchc rOuczu| t gmbab|y had | u m DC wCn hC wtOtc
that h s stO|ca| | nVCt |gat Ons o thC Qas| a rc ODl y
thc hadOw C15| by h| s thCOrctCa | nC|tO_lt| OD O thC
QlCCHt. om|a|ly, atc| bcnj 1m n wrtCs t ht t hc
h| 8lOlCl ndC7 coatziacd |n thc _e8 o| tbc ga5t |n-
d| Cztcs that thcc mz_cs ma
)
zCh cw | C_ b ty oD|y
>+
whar D the Centcpra
|n 3 dctcrmncd HODC0I O thc| r h| stOty. lt t: on Our
zb | |ty to rctQond to thi cxtgcncy and to tht shzdow,
|O bc contcmpOrartcs not Ony oI Our ccntury and thc
`nOw,` bu| aO O ts D_urc tn thc tcxts znd docu-
mcnts o| thc past, that thc WLLCb or aurc oI LU
scm| nar dcgcnds.
otcs
WbdI : dN H]]drdm'
. ransaIot8 MUC. Wc oow crc thc Common Lng||sh
t f8ni 8t On u luuCutv t0f0 qsrq zgparam. ln cv-
ctyd
)
mc, tHc lnnCh word CM dcs|gaatc zny sort o| dcvicc.
Agamma gO| nts Out tzt tc K0UN mODc |mm Kha's In
th !a! Cok- |S cal|cd M arat
2. MichC Ioucaul t, furr/naukd_r: rkrrr ntrrvru:
ad Otb~ Wrttag, l/2~I, cJ. L. LCfduD hcw York.
antcon ook, I y8O) , I yq-y.
y. ]eaa ygp lc, nmdnen to Hgl Pbdb o] MI:-
toq, traos. b. Harris znd |. b. 5pm|eck (Lncsvi||c. Lovcr-
s ty n8t o| |orida, iy6) , .
q. lDd e y 2).
y. Nart| n Hcid_ct, aic wtn_) m. O. F Kc| | ( Ncw
Yor|. Hatpct Lo| ns, :)]), yz,.
. Tms|ots' notc. Scc Iorc d om Pb. Iabtquc,
LL) , by thc ltcnch co| | ot|vc Jqqat . 1hc a uson |s to
luuU |uOm, thc m D ChJfaCtcf n |amcs |oycc`s 0(sss.
)0 6lr:
hc rcnd
. Li ogcncs >ctt us, fhe Lac s/ Fimt Pb:|sob:rs.
vo' . d3. K. l. I| cks (Cambrdgc, Ms.. H On
vc q ltc, t /z) , q6.
/- ]8CgucS Lrrda, Iolirirt s[Pnb/, . L. Lo| I i ns
|Lndan. cl8u, ty)) .
|. I|mrica cuschc, 7be W l0 |tMt. V KauI-
mann and K. ] . lo 0_dac (Mcw York. Ytntz_c books,
i 68l , ] l 1, y&z.
Wbdr s rhc CamcmQoruQr
- lrcdrCh Mienchc, "Oo thc Uscs aod Puc ol t-
|oq to llc, " n |otimeq M:a|mtiom Hb. K. |. MO| ngdc
Lbrtd_c: LMbrtd_c Unvcttq Ftcs, tyy| , O.
P L K | | | P
LmDn_ Zc:tbctic
bcroarq ol c_cf, rcbn/cs a mr, . LI30rrnlnlI0n
bcroatq ol cgcf, Ann

Om
busan crnstc n, Hoasa_ Po9lm: WrIn_ und
7rchIcclurr n L0clm, 0aqo, Fem and Hcidrer
hartln Hgg|unJ, kamcal A0nsm: rnd and rhe mr
e
J /P
LOrnca Nsmznn, lilc: Lau aad meda !chnam

nnc-Lc ltanos, Oe Sc-eis: hr LINrdlurr s/
Lnr0un|rd Lerec
|cznL0 PaD, bc Ltrarx g b: Sycepe
Le

ededaIu
LzrOl |acobs, Sk:-t|og the Lthicm: 5qhads, Imro,
Mmunn, SHm, Camyen
LOrncus LastOrad, !:g-es o[ the 7nkable
]acqae Ocrrda, Iqdc wnl0m oJ tbe Otm,
voumcs, cdtcd by Pcy Kamol xnd E|izbeth
Kottcnberg