RATES AND EQUILIBRIA TEST MS

1. (i) Curve with peak to the right of first curve

And reaching a smaller maximum height than the first curve
And not crossing it anywhere
(all 3 = 2 marks; any 2 = mark)
(ii) !reater fraction of particles have " # "a
$o greater fraction of successful collisions %&'
2. catalyst alters rate of reaction( lowers "a ()
remains unchanged after the reaction( is not changed at the end of the reaction
)*+ negated ,y does not take part in reaction ()
[2]
3. (i) axes la,elled y as num,er( fraction( % of molecules( particles
and x as energy( enthalpy( velocity( speed
correct shape to include origin- hump and position wrt x axis 2
(ii) two vertical lines drawn ,oth to the ./$ of hump (at least
one la,elled Ea) (la,els reversed cannot score)
greater proportion of collisions have energy greater than Ea(
more molecules exceed Ea 2
[4]
4. Any two of the following ,ullet points
forward rate = reverse rate %01+ 2ust 3forward reaction = reverse reaction4'
can ,e approached from either direction
%forward rate of reaction = reverse rate of reaction is worth ,oth the
a,ove ,ullet points'
no change in overall macroscopic properties or a specific one (e5g5 colour)
takes place in a closed system
%05)5 every wrong point negates a correct one'
[2]
5. (a) when the conditions on a system in e6uili,rium are changed (1)
the e6uili,rium moves to minimise the effects of the change(
counteract( resist( oppose the change (1) 2
(,) (i) e6uili,rium moves towards 7/$( towards 01
2
(1)
forward reaction is exothermic( reverse reaction is endothermic (1) 2
(ii) e6uili,rium moves towards ./$( towards 0
2
1
&
(1)
fewer moles on ./$ (1) 2
(iii) no change in e6uili,rium position (1)
catalyst speeds up forward ad reverse reactions ,y same amount (1) 2
[8]
6. (i) more CO and H
2
/ less CH
3
OH/ moves to LHS
reaction is exothermic( ora &
(moves in endothermic direction scores )
less C1 and /
2
( more C/
3
1/( moves to ./$
more mole(molecules(particles on 7/$( ora
(ii) more particles per unit volume(
increased concentration( particles closer together
more collisions and increases rate 2
(iii) heterogeneous
(iv) none
affects forward and reverse reaction the sae 2
[9]

!. (a) anywhere in range 38 9 &8: ()
if range given all values must ,e in this range
(,) (i) increases ()
(ii) more moles of A and ) ()
e6uili,rium moves in direction of less moles () 2
(c) endothermic (marks for e"#$anat%&n)
an increase in temperature converts more A ()
e6uili,rium moves in direction to lower temperature(
forward reaction must tend to lower temperature(
an increase in temperature favours the endothermic 2
process ()
(d) (i) a su,stance that alters(increases the rate of
reaction(lowers "a ()
,ut remains unchanged after t'e rea(t%&n (is not used )# () 2
(ii) to save ener*+,&ne+ + reason eg ,y allowing process
to run at a lower temperature( ,y lowering "a ()
goes faster to save t%e( allows the process to run
continuously () 2
(e) not enough time was allowed for the e6uili,rium to
esta,lish( other products were formed ()
(f) two important catalysts- examples include
iron in /a,er process( manufacture of ammonia
vanadium(;) oxide in Contact process( manufacture of
sulphuric acid
nickel in hydrogenation of alkenes( manufacture of
margarines
phosphoric acid in the conversion ethene to ethanol
en<yme( named en<yme with corresponding function
=t(=d(.h in catalytic converter (any metal)
>iegler catalyst in alkene
any named acid (except nitric) in esterification
<eolites( platinum in catalytic cracking 2
[13]
8. (a) (i) time less (1)
"
a
lowered () 2
(ii) time less ()
more collisions( particles e"(eed E
a
() 2
(iii) time more ()
particles are f)rt'er a#art and therefore less (fre6uent) collisions () 2
(,) (i) no effect ,ecause it only increases rate of reaction ()
(ii) moves to 7/$( more 0
2
and /
2
( less 0/
3
()
f&rward reaction is exothermic () 2
(iii) moves to 7/$ ( more 0
2
and /
2
( less 0/
3
()
fewer moles on ./$ () 2
[11]