Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and Systems
Robert Stengel, Aircraft Flight Dynamics, MAE 331,
2012
Copyright 2012 by Robert Stengel. All rights reserved. For educational use only.
http://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/MAE331.html
http://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/FlightDynamics.html
Control surfaces
Control mechanisms
Flight control systems
Design for Control
Elevator/stabilator: pitch control
Rudder: yaw control
Ailerons: roll control
Trailing-edge aps: low-angle lift control
Leading-edge aps/slats: High-angle
lift control
Spoilers: Roll, lift, and drag control
Thrust: speed/altitude control
Critical Issues for Control
Effect of control surface deections on aircraft motions
Generation of control forces and rigid-body moments on the aircraft
Rigid-body dynamics of the aircraft
!E is an input for longitudinal motion
!!
! ="
Mechanical, Power-Boosted System
Grumman A-6
McDonnell Douglas F-15
Critical Issues for Control
Command and control of the control surfaces
Displacements, forces, and hinge moments of the
control mechanisms
Dynamics of control linkages included in model
!E is a state for mechanical dynamics
!
!!
E ="
Control Surface Dynamics
and Aerodynamics
Aerodynamic and
Mechanical Moments
on Control Surfaces
Increasing size and speed of aircraft
leads to increased hinge moments
This leads to need for mechanical or
aerodynamic reduction of hinge
moments
Need for aerodynamically balanced
surfaces
Elevator hinge moment
H
elevator
= C
H
elevator
1
2
!V
2
Sc
Aerodynamic and Mechanical
Moments on Control Surfaces
C
H
surface
= C
H
!
!
!
! + C
H
!
! + C
H
"
" + C
H
command
+ ...
C
H !
!
: aerodynamic/mechanical damping moment
C
H
!
: aerodynamic/mechanical spring moment
C
H
"
: floating tendency
C
H
command
: pilot or autopilot input
Hinge-moment coefcient, C
H