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EXSC 662 - Mechanical Analysis of Activity

Brigham o!ng "niversity
Chapter 1 - Objectives
Examine how to describe a body's position
Define how to determine the number of independent quantities (caed
degrees of freedom! necessary to describe a point or a body in space
Define how to measure and cacuate chan"es in inear position
(displacement! and the time derivatives veocity and acceeration#
Describe how to present the resuts of a $inematic anaysis
Expain how to directy measure position% veocity% and acceeration by
usin" motion capture systems or transducers

DE&C'()*(O+ O, )O&(*(O+
#s a r!nner 6$ m from the start or %$ m from the finish&
'ine !( on the 2$ y) line*
+hat is the (osition of my ,nee&
-. y. /. 0-. 0y. an) 0/
Ho1 many camera vie1s are nee)e) to o2tain -. y )ata&
Ho1 many camera vie1s are nee)e) to o2tain -. y. / )ata&
Ho1 many (oints are nee)e) to o2tain 0-. 0y. an) 0/&

Cali2ration
*wo-Dimensiona
Scaling 3o)
s 4 act!al length 5m6 7 )igiti/e) length 5(i-els6
- 4 s!
y 4 sv
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Practice 1ith 8artfish
-(+E.' /(+E0.*(C&
8istance9:he length of a c!rve or line
8is(lacement9 Change of (osition 5Straight-line )istance from start to finish6
:ime 8erivatives
S(ee)9 8istance 7 :ime
;elocity9 8is(lacement 7 :ime
Acceleration9 ;elocity 7 :ime
)'O1EC*(-E 0O*(O+
A Projectile is any 2o)y that has 2een set on its (ath 2y some force an) contin!es in motion
2y its o1n inertia* 5<ravity has a major effect on motion6*
E-am(les of Projectiles incl!)e9 Arro1. Bas,et2all. Shot(!t. H!man Bo)y.:igers
'et=s 2egin sim(ly 1ith (!rely vertical motion
No1 let=s a)) hori/ontal motion
Hori/ontal an) vertical com(onents are in)e(en)ent
E>!ations of motion for (rojectiles
Characteristics of (rojectiles
8emonstration on 1hat ha((ens as initial con)itions are altere)
Another (rojectile cartoon
Practice ?!estion9
#nitial ;elocity of Projectile
; 4 2$ m7s
at 2@ )egrees
from a height of Am
Blight :ime 4 &
Ma-im!m Height 4 &
Hori/ontal 8is(lacement 4 &
Shot P!t E-am(le

0E*2OD& ,O' 0E.&3'(+4 .+D E&*(0.*(+4 5OD6 &E40E+*
).'.0E*E'&
Ca)aver st!)ies
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Mathematical mo)eling
Scanning an) imaging techni>!es
Cinematic st!)ies

Segment mass 4 massD 5total mass6
Segment center of mass 4 (ro-imal E lengthD 5)istal - (ro-imal6
-
cm
4 -
(ro-imal
E lengthD 5-
)istal
- -
(ro-imal
6
y
cm
4 y
(ro-imal
E lengthD 5y
)istal
- y
(ro-imal
6

Calc!lating center of mass in a (erson

Practice calc!lating the center of mass in this sit!ation

Moment of #nertia

Sta2ility

Center of mass 1hile air2orne


.+43-.' 0O*(O+

Fnline Boo, cha(ters G an) H


D('EC* -(+E.' *'.+&,O'0.*(O+
A (roce)!re for generating three-)imensional )ata from m!lti(le
t1o-)imensional images*
Bor camera I. 1e can o2tain t1o e>!ations relating to the three-
)imensional o2ject s(ace*
:he '=s re(resent camera constants 58': (arameters6* #n or)er to fin) o!t
the val!es for the camera constants. 1e m!st have at least II !ni>!e
e>!ations* #f 1e film eno!gh (oints in the o2ject s(ace from at least t1o
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!ni>!e camera vie1s. 1e can accom(lish this*
:y(ically. at least t1o cameras are !se) 1ith at least G Jcontrol (ointsJ in
the fiel) of vie1*
7hat is the minimum number of cameras and contro points
to sove the 11 camera constants8
7hat is the benefit to usin" additiona contro points and
camera views8
Fnce the camera constants are solve). other o2jects in the o2ject s(ace can
2e filme) an) three-)imensional coor)inates 5-. y. /6 can 2e )etermine)*
7hat is the minimum number of cameras to sove for x% y%
and 98
7hat is the benefit to usin" additiona camera views8


Objectives: Cameras and optics
Demonstrate an understandin" of (an) ho1 they interact 1ith each
other6
8e(th of fiel)
E-(os!re time
Sh!tter s(ee)
Brame rate
A(ert!re
B-sto(
8emonstrate an !n)erstan)ing of ho1 vi)eo information is store)
8emonstrate ho1 to a)j!st the a2ove characteristics on ty(ical )igital vi)eo
cameras

)hoto"rammetry
Biel) of ;ie1
E-(os!re :ime
Brame 3ate
Boc!s
8e(th of Biel)
A(ert!re
f-sto(
Bocal 'ength
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Stan)ar) Photogra(hic A(ert!res. E-(os!re :imes. an) Bilm S(ee)s
APEX
val!e
$ I 2 K % A 6 @ G H I$
A(ert!re
5f-sto(6
I I*% 2 2*G % A*6 G II I6 22 K2
E-(os!re
time 5s6
I I72 I7% I7G I7IA I7K$ I76$ I7I2A I72A$ I7A$$ I7I$$$
Bilm
S(ee)
5#SF or
ASA6
K 6 I2 2A A$ I$$ 2$$ %$$ G$$ I6$$ K2$$
APEX stan)s for the A))itive Photogra(hic E-(os!re System* Each increase in
APEX val!e in)icates a )ecrease in the light level 2y one-half*
Each faster film s(ee) re>!ires half the amo!nt of light that the (revio!s
s(ee) nee)e) for (ro(er e-(os!re*

Demonstrations
Motion Bl!r
Biel) of ;ie1 an) A(ert!re

5inary Data
$$$$$$$$ 4 $ $$$$$$$I 4 I $$$$$$I$ 4 2 $$$$$$II 4 K $$$$$I$$ 4 %
$$$$$I$I 4 A
IIIIIIII 4 2AA
-Photosho( E-am(le of 3<B )ata
6%$-%G$
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BYU Biomechanics
8ata rate of 2AM2(s 4 K*I2AMB7s
I frame of vi)eo 4 @2$ - %G$ 4 K%A.6$$ (i-els
K$ frames of vi)eo (er secon)
6$ fiel)s of vi)eo (er secon)
:his 1o!l) 2e K%A.6$$ (i-els 5G 2ytes - K colors6 - K$ frames 4 2%GM2(s 4
KI MB7s

H8 I$G$i
IH2$-I$G$
2.$@K.6$$ (i-els 5G 2ytes - K colors6 - K$ frames 4 I%H2*HH M2(s 4 IG6*6
MB7s

"ltra H8 %K2$(
@6G$-%K2$
KK.I@@.6$$ (i-els 5G 2ytes - K colors6 - 6$ frames 4 %@@@A*@ M2(s 4 AH@I*H@
MB7s

S8 Car)s
Class 2 - 2 MB7s
Class % - % MB7s
Class 6 - 6 MB7s
Class I$ - I$ MB7s

&)'E.D&2EE*&
Ball )ro(
<iant s1ing
:e-t file
S!rvey Cali2ration


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