VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT

(26
h
MAY 2014 21
th
JUNE 2014)


GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY: -
Mr. J MAITRA SHASHANK SINGH
Electronics and telecommunication
Engineering
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
,DAVV ,INDORE





BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS
LIMITED, BHOPAL


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
An Engineer with theoretical knowledge is not a complete engineer. Practical
knowledge is very important for an engineer to develop and apply engineering
skills. It gives me a great pleasure to have an opportunity to acknowledge and
to express gratitude to those who were associated with my training at Bharat
Heavy Electricals Limited, Bhopal.
It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly
contributed in the development of this work and who influenced my thinking,
behaviour, and acts during the course of study. And I am greatful for providing
me an opportunity to undergo vocational training at BHEL, Bhopal.
Also I am thankful to Mr. J. MAITRE AND MR. B.M.GOYAL (add.
General manager), for his support, cooperation, and motivation provided to
me during the training for constant inspiration, presence and blessings.
Last but not the least, I also extend my sincere appreciation to all staff
members of BHEL, Bhopal who provided there valuable suggestions and
precious time in accomplishing my project report.





SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: -
MR. J. MAITRA, SHASHANK SINGH
BHEL BHOPAL Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering


CERTIFICATE:-

This is to certify that SHASHANK SINGH pursuing B.E. in ELECTRONICS
AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING discipline from IET
DAVV, INDORE has undertaken his major training at Bhopal unit of B.H.E.L
under my guidance during the period of 26
h
May 2014 to 21
h
June 2014.
His performance has been found satisfactory during the training and this report
submitted by him is an authentic record of his work.

Signature of Training Officer

H.R.D.C (Seal)














CONTENTS

Acknowledgement
Certificate
Introduction
BHEL
Computer Numerical Controller (CNC) Machinery
Heat Exchanger Condensor Manufacturing unit
Transformer
References



















INTRODUCTION














BHEL Bhopal Profile





Heavy Electrical Plant , Bhopal is the mother plant of Bharat Heavy
Electricals Limited, the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in
India in the energy-related and infrastructure sector, today. It is located at
about 7 kms. from Bhopal Railway station, about 5 kms. From Habibganj
Railway station and about 18 kms. From Raja Bhoj Airport. With technical
assistance from Associated Electricals (India) Ltd., a UK based company; it
came into existence on 29
th
of August, 1956. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, first
Prime minister of India dedicated this plant to the nation on 6
th
of
November, 1960.

BHEL, Bhopal with state-of-the-art facilities, manufactures wide range of
electrical equipments. Its product range includes Hydro, Steam, Marine &
Nuclear Turbines, Heat Exchangers, Hydro & Turbo Generators,
Transformers, Switchgears, Control gears, Transportation Equipment,
Capacitors, Bushings, Electrical Motors, Rectifiers, Oil Drilling Rig
Equipments and Diesel Generating sets.



BHEL, Bhopal certified to ISO: 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001, is
moving towards excellence by adopting TQM as per EFQM / CII model of
Business Excellence. Heat Exchanger Division is accredited with ASME U
Stamp. With the slogan of Kadam kadam milana hai, grahak safal banana
hai, it is committed to the customers.

BHEL Bhopal has its own Laboratories for material testing and instrument
calibration which are accredited with ISO 17025 by NABL. The Hydro
Laboratory, Ultra High Voltage laboratory and Centre for Electric
Transportation are the only laboratories of its in this part of the world.

BHEL Bhopal's strength is it's employees. The company continuously
invests in Human Resources and pays utmost attention to their needs. The
plant's Township, well known for its greenery is spread over an area of
around 20 sqkms. and provides all facilities to the residents like, parks,
community halls, library, shopping centers, banks, post offices etc. Besides,
free health services is extended to all the employees through 350 bedded
(inclusive of 50 floating beds) Kasturba Hospital and chain of dispensaries.
BHEL REVENUE AND NET PROFIT MARGINS:-


PRODUCT RANGES


TELECOMMUNICATION
BHEL also caters to Telecommunication sector by way of small, medium and large
switchingsystems.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Technologies that can be offered by BHEL for exploiting non-conventional and
renewablesources of energy include: wind electric generators, solar photovoltaic systems,
solar lanternsand battery-powered road vehicles. The Company has taken up R&D efforts
for development of multi-junction amorphous silicon solar cells and fuel based systems
AC Motors & Alternators




BHEL is a leading AC Machines manufacturer and in the last four
decades have supplied more than 20000 HT & LT A.C. Machines for
various applications to Indian as well as Export market. The applications
include Power Plants, Nuclear Energy, Petrochemicals, Fertilizers,
Refineries, Cement &SteelIndustries,IrrigationProjects,Pipelines,etc.

The manufacturing plant in Bhopal was established in technical
collaboration with AEI UK. Commercial production of A.C. Machines
commenced in the year 1963. Technology was upgraded by collaborating
with Siemens AG, Germany from 1980-1990 and subsequently from
1996-2006. Motors are offered both in standard as well as tailor made
designs to meet customer's specific needs. High performance is achieved
through optimum utilization of the active materials and components.

BHEL A.C. Machines offer high efficiency, exceptional reliability, quick
installation and minimal maintenance costs.

Our engineers combine their extensive experience with state-of-the-art
analytical design tools, latest machine tools, Six Sigma methodology and
advanced material development to deliver the best product.



Installed Capacity: 1500 machines per annum.


Hydro Turbines

A leading engineering enterprise which supplies all types of equipment for
hydro power generation.
A leading turbine manufacturer offering a wide range of Hydro Turbine,
Valves, Governors, Turbine and Station Auxiliary systems, Balance of plants
for Hydro Power Station and related Services.
Installed manufacturing capacity:2500 MW/annum.
Two units manufacturing hydro turbines.
In the market for more than three decades.
Dedicated shop area of over 100000 sq. meters.
Ultramodern model development and testing facilities.
Sophisticated CAD/CAM facilities.
ISO 9001 Certification.
ASME "Q" stamp for fabrication facilities.

Hydro Generators




Heat Exchangers
Thermal group of BHEL-Bhopal was formulated in year 1968 (Initial
collaboration with M/s AEI -U.K. took place in year 1970) and started its
production from year 1971 onwards. Subsequently, new collaboration
agreement with M/s BALCKE DURR- Germany for Moisture Separator Re-
Heater (MSR) took place in 1987. MSR to this new design were
manufactured and supplied for 236 MW RAPP 3, 4 & KAIGA 1, 2 and 500
MW TAPP 3&4 Nuclear plants.
BHEL-Bhopal Thermal group products manufactured and supplied all over
India to different State Electricity Boards and exported to countries like
LIBYA, Malaysia, Azerbaizan, Bangladesh, OMAN etc. major customers of
thermal equipments are State Electricity Boards and NTPC. Similarly
Industrial Heat Exchangers have been supplied to IFFCO, FEDO,
RELIANCE, GAIL, ONGC, IOCL, etc. Production of some of the other
products like Rubber Expansion Joints, Flash Tanks, Miscellaneous storage
tanks and Butterfly valves added in subsequent years.
All the Thermal products are tailor made and customer specific
product. and Customer requirements are continuously captured through
pre-tender and post tender discussions, contract review etc. Perception is
collected through customer surveys.
Thermal group products are Technology intensive and therefore Technology
development is of strategic importance. Product technology is continuously
upgraded through in house development projects/ or Technical
Collaboration.
Heat Exchanger

Hydro generator is a synchronous alternator
driven by a hydraulic turbine.
Motor is synchronous motor to drive pump.
BHEL Bhopal is a leading supplier of
large,medium& small hydro
generators,motors,bulb generators and related
services.
Installed manufacturing capacity : 2500 MW
Sophisticated CAD facilities
ISO-9001 certification


Auxiliary Heat Exchangers
Different types of auxiliary heat exchangers are being manufactured at
BHEL. Depending upon application these auxiliary Heat Exchangers are
named as
. Air Coolers (CACW)
. Oil Coolers (Shell & tube type / Frame and tube type (Single tube
&Concentric double tube construction) / OFAF), Plug in type
. Water Water Cooler (Shell & Tube type)
. Hydrogen Cooler etc. (Frame and tube type).
. Air Cooler CACA ( Duct and tube type)
These coolers are accessories to main equipments such as Generator,
Turbine, Transformer , Motors, etc. hence special attention is given to make
these coolers compact in design and for trouble free service.
To ensure long life of these coolers materials for different components is
decided carefully considering its application and water chemistry.
Constructionally these coolers are very easy to maintain.


Excitation Control Equipment



Excitation Control equipment for Hydro, Thermal Neuclear, Naval and
Industrial applications.



Excitation control equipment (automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and static
excitation equipment-(SEE) for semi-static, static and brushless type of
excitation system.
Complete range of Digital AVR and SEE available to suit all types of systems
and generators added to product profile in the year 2003.
More than 35 years of field experience.

More than 600 AVRs operating satisfactorily at various Hydro, Thermal and
Industrial Power Plants. A number of captive power plant installed in Sugar,
Cemical, Paper and other industries are also equipped with BHEL make
AVRs

Total system solutions on offer

Retrofitting of old excitation control system with latest state of art digital
systems

Dedicated shop area with modern manufacturing and testing facilities

Steam Turbines
BHEL has taken its lead role in following fields :
Turbines
1) Design, Manufacturing, Erection, Commissioning and Services of :
30 MW, 120 MW Steam Turbines
236 MW Nuclear Turbines.
15000 SHP Marine Turbines
210 MW Steam Turbines.
2) Supply of Spares and Repairs of above Steam Turbines.
3) R & M and Life assessment studies of BHEL & Non BHEL TG sets.
4) Repair and Supply of Spares of 210 MW and 500 MW KWU
Turbines.
5) Repair and supply of Spares for Non BHEL TG Sets.
Diversified Projects
For IPR and ISRO : Manufacturing of various
components.



Power Transmission
Transformer
A Leading Engineering Enterprise which Supplies wide Spectrum of Power
Transmission Systems/ Solutions from a single entity
A Leading Transformer Manufacturer Offering wide range of Transformers
Installed manufacturing capacity:18000 MVA/Annum with dustproof facility
in critical areas. The capacity is being augmented by another 12000
MVA/Annum with totally dust proof facility
Having nearly 4 decades or over 30,000 man-years of experience
Dedicated shop area of over 80000 sq. meters and unique Ultra High Voltage
testing facility

Switchgear
Leading Switchgear Group involved in Design, manufacturing, installation,
commissioning and services of Switchgear.
A wide spectrum of switchgear catering to various applications like power
station auxiliaries, power distribution, process industries, rural electrification,
open cast mines, electric traction and other special applications.
Market leaders in India.
Experience of 5 decades
Thousands of various types of breakers working satisfactorily in India and
abroad.
Unique distinction of widest range of medium voltage Switchgear meeting
every requirement of the customer in stringent Indian conditions.
Strong R & D infrastructure.
Dedicated shop and design area of over 50,000 sq meters.
Regular facilities updation with new capital investment.
Clear room facility for GIS
Strengths:
- Reliable and problem free product
- Proven product in service
- Repeated successful type testing and special testing
- Largest range to suit various application requirements viz Power Stations,
Distribution, Industrial & Railways.


- 100% routine testing as per IS & IEC.
Switchgear design fully type tested as per IEC:62271


On Load Tap Changer


A leading On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) group
involved in Design, manufacturing,
commissioning and services of Tap Changers.
Market leaders in India
Latest Technology incorporating high speed
resistor switching of OLTC
Capacity to supply 500 nos. OLTC
Experience of more than 4 decades.
Dedicated shop area of over 10,000 sq meters
Complete system for parallel operation of
transformers and remote Tap changer control
panel.

Transportation equipment
BHEL's involvement in the transportation sector has been marked with
rapid growth.
Today over 85% of Indian Railways, one of the largest railway networks in
the world is equipped with traction equipment built by BHEL.
The range includes traction motors, traction generators/alternators,
transformers, sub-station equipment, vacuum circuit breakers, locomotive
bogies, smoothing reactors, exciters, converters, inverters, choppers and
associated control equipment, viz. master controllers, HSCBs, chopper
controllers brake and door equipment, electronic controls including software
based controls extending to rolling stock and other transport applications.
BHEL has manufactured and supplied large numbers of electric locomotives
( upto 5000 hp) to Indian Railways and Diesel Electric Locomotives ranging
from 350 hp to 2600 hp to cement, steel and fertilizer plants, thermal power
stations, coalfields, ports and other medium and large industries. This has
established BHEL as a leading locomotive manufacturer in the country.


Diesel Multiple Units, underground Metro-rail system at Calcutta, Electric
Multiple Unit (EMU) services at Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai & Delhi operate
on drives and controls supplied by BHEL.
BHEL has also started the supply of equipment for Dual Voltage EMUs with
3 phase technology.
To contain air pollution & to conserve mineral oil resources, battery powered
road vehicles are in operation in various cities, BHEL is also ready to
undertake turnkey execution of LRT, MRTS & electric trolley bus.































COMPUTER
NUMERICAL
CONTROL
MACHINERY
(CNC)







CNC MACHIERY


EVOLUTION

The first CNC Machine was built in 1949 at MIT ,USA for manufacturing of
the Air Craft components having intricate profiles using electron tubes & core
memory.

The technology advancement from the Tube technology to the open
architecture system has enabled to revolutionize the manufacturing
processes

What is CNC
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is the process of having a computer
control the operation of a machine. This would include the table motions, the
spindle speed, and various other machining functions. Having the computer
control the machine is accomplished by a program that is written using NC
code
A technology, which permits automatic operation of a machine tool or process
through a series of coded instructions consisting of numbers, letters and
other symbols
EIA Definition: A system in which actions are controlled by direct insertion
of numerical data at some point. The system must automatically interpret at
least some portion of this data. The data required to produce a part is
called PartProgram.
Today, computer numerical control (CNC) machines are found almost
everywhere, from small job shops in rural communities to Fortune 500
companies in large urban areas. Truly, there is hardly a facet of
manufacturing that is not in some way touched by what these innovative
machine tools can do.
Everyone involved in the manufacturing environment should be well aware of
what is possible with these sophisticated machine tools. The design engineer,
for example, must possess enough knowledge of CNC to perfect dimensioning
and tolerance techniques for work pieces to be machined on CNC machines.
The tool engineer must understand CNC in order to design fixtures and
cutting tools for use with CNC machines. Quality control people should
ENC
ODE
R


understand the CNC machine tools used within their company in order to
plan quality control and statistical process control accordingly. Production
control personnel should be abreast of their company's CNC technology in
order to make realistic production schedules. Managers, foremen, and team
leaders should understand CNC well enough to communicate intelligently
with fellow workers. And, it goes without saying that CNC programmers,
setup people, operators, and others working directly with the CNC equipment
must have an extremely good understanding of CNC.
In this presentation, we will explore the basics of CNC, showing you much of
what is involved with using these sophisticated machine tools. Our primary
goal will be to teach you how to learn about CNC. For readers who will
eventually be working directly with CNC machine tools, we will show you the
basics of each major CNC function. Additionally, we will make suggestions as
to how you can learn more about each CNC function as it applies to your
particular CNC machine/s. At the completion of this presentation, you
should have a good understanding of how and why CNC functions as it does
and know those things you must learn more about in order to work with any
style of CNC machine tool.
For readers who are not going to be working directly with CNC equipment in
the near future, our secondary goal will be to give you a good working
knowledge of CNC technology. At the completion of this presentation, you
should be quite comfortable with the fundamentals of CNC and be able to
communicate intelligently with others in your company about your CNC
machine tools.
To proceed in an organized manner, we will be using a key concepts approach
to all presentations. All important functions of CNC are organized into ten
key concepts (We'll show five of the ten key concepts in this presentation. All
five are related to programming). Think of it this way. If you can understand
ten basic principles, you are well on your way to becoming proficient with
CNC. While our main focus will be for the two most popular forms of CNC
machine tools (machining centers and turning centers), these ten key
concepts can be applied to virtually any kind of CNC machine, making it easy
to adapt to any form of CNC equipment. With so many types of CNC machine
tools in existence, it is next to impossible for this presentation to be
extremely specific about any one particular type. The key concepts allow us
to view the main features of CNC in
more general terms, stressing why things are handled the way they are even
more than the specific techniques used with any one particular CNC machine
tool.
With the broad background we give, you should be able to easily zero in on
any kind of CNC machine tool you will be working with. As yet a third goal,
this presentation should help instructors of CNC. The key concepts approach
we show has been proven time and time again during live presentations in


CNC courses. This method of presentation will help instructors organize CNC
into extremely logical and easy to understand lessons.

CNC SYSTEM
CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control and has been around since the
early 1970's. Prior to this, it was called NC, for Numerical Control .CNC
controller are able to execute binary coded commands. The control code for a
machine contains positioning as well as switching information. Positioning
information is intended to position the workpiece or else the tool .Switching
information controls the machines servo components. The coded instructions
are entered manually at the control as well as DNC (Distributed Network
Controller).
Measuring system record when the position of the workpiece or tool
indicated on the part program has been reached. Function such as
lubrication , coolant on/ off and workpiece clamping are activated using PLC
(Programmable Logic Controller ) through relays & contactor at electrical
panel.
CNC controllers have several choices for operation. These include polar
coordinate command, cutter compensation, linear and circular interpolation,
stored pitch error, helical interpolation, canned cycles, rigid tapping, and
auto-scaling. Polar coordinate command is a numerical control system in
which all the coordinates are referred to a certain pole. The position is
defined by the polar radius and polar angle. Cutter compensation is
the distance you want the CNC control to offset for the tool radius away from
the programmed path. Linear and circular interpolation is the programmed
path of the machine, which appears to be straight or curved, but is actually a
series of very small steps along that path. Machine precision can be
remarkably improved through such features as stored pitch error
compensation, which corrects for lead screw pitch error and other
mechanical positioning errors. Helical interpolation is a technique used to
make large diameter holes in workpieces. It allows for high metal removal
rates with a minimum of tool wear. There are machine routines like drilling,
deep drilling, reaming, tapping, boring, etc. that involve a series of machine
operations but are specified by a single G-code with appropriate parameters.
Rigid tapping is a CNC tapping feature where the tap is fed into the work
piece at the precise rate needed for a perfect tapped hole. It also needs to
retract at the same precise rate otherwise it will shave the hole and create an
out of spec tapped hole. Auto scaling translates the parameters of the CNC
program to fit the work piece.
CNC SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
















CNC MACHINES COORDINATES
Coordinate systems: Righthanded, rectangular coordinate systems
are used for machine tools. Such systems describe the movements on
the machine as a relative motion between tool and work piece.
Machine Coordinate System ( MCS) :The orientation of the coordinate
system on the machine tool depends on the particular machine type. It
can be turned to various positions. The origin of the coordinate system
is the machine zero. All axes are in zero position at this point. This
point is merely a reference point determined by the machine
manufacturer. It need not to be approachable.
WORKPEICE COORDINATE SYSTEM (WCS): The work piece
coordinate system described is also used to describe the geometry of a
work piece in the work piece program. The work piece zero can be
freely selected by the programmer. The programmer need not know the
real movement conditions on the machine, i.e. whether the work piece
or the tool moves; this can be different in the individual axes. The
definition of the directions is based on the assumption that the work
piece does not move and the tool moves.















CNC MACHINE TOOL THE OPEN LOOP SYSTEM








Types of CNC machines
MACHINE ELEMENTS
DISPLAY UNIT
INPUT/OUTPUT
KEYBOARD
FLOPPY DISC / CD



CNC turning centers.
CNC milling machines
CNC drill and tap centers
CNC lathes
.
In the metal removal industry:
Machining processes that have traditionally been done on conventional
machine tools that are possible (and in some cases improved) with CNC
machining centers include all kinds of milling (face milling, contour milling,
slot milling, etc.), drilling, tapping, reaming, boring, and counter boring.
In similar fashion, all kinds of turning operations like facing, boring, turning,
grooving, knurling, and threading are done on CNC turning centers.
There are all kinds of special "off-shoots" of these two machine types
including CNC milling machines, CNC drill and tap centers, and CNC lathes.
Grinding operations of all kinds like outside diameter (OD) grinding and
internal diameter (ID) grinding are also being done on CNC grinders. CNC has
even opened up a new technology when it comes to grinding. Contour
grinding (grinding a contour in a similar fashion to turning), which was
previously infeasible due to technology constraints is now possible (almost
commonplace) with CNC grinders.










Heat Exchanger And
Condensor
Manufacturing Unit














Integrated design, procurement, manufacture, erection and commissioning
processes are tailored to meet present and
future requirements for:


operational flexibility

high reliability

high flexibility

cost effectiveness












Moisture Separator Re-heater (MSR)
In Nuclear Turbines the Moisture separator re-heater is a thermo-
hydraulic junction where two-phase (steam/ water) flows interact, while
separating the high energy phases and exchanging heat.











Transformer
Manufacturing
Unit











A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more circuits
through electromagnetic induction.
A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the
core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the secondary winding. This varying magnetic
field at the secondary induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or voltage in the secondary
winding. Making use of Faraday's Law in conjunction with high magnetic permeability core
properties, transformers can thus be designed to efficiently change AC voltages from one
voltage level to another within power networks.

Magnetic core

A magnetic core is a piece of magnetic material with a high permeability used to confine and
guide magnetic fields in electrical, electromechanical and magnetic devices such
as electromagnets ,transformers, electric motors, generators, inductors, magnetic recording
heads, and magnetic assemblies. It is made of ferromagnetic metal such as iron,
or ferrimagnetic compounds such as ferrites. The high permeability, relative to the
surrounding air, causes the magnetic field lines to be concentrated in the core material. The
magnetic field is often created by a coil of wire around the core that carries a current. The
presence of the core can increase the magnetic field of a coil by a factor of several thousand
over what it would be without the core.
The use of a magnetic core can enormously concentrate the strength and increase the effect
of magnetic fields produced by electric currents and permanent magnets. The properties of a
device will depend crucially on the following factors:
the geometry of the magnetic core.
the amount of air gap in the magnetic circuit.
the properties of the core material (especially permeability and hysteresis).
the operating temperature of the core.
whether the core is laminated to reduce eddy currents.





High voltage and Low voltage winding
The conducting material used for the windings depends upon the
application, but in all cases the individual turns must be electrically
insulated from each other to ensure that the current travels throughout every
turn. For small power and signal transformers, in which currents are low and
the potential difference between adjacent turns is small, the coils are often
wound from enamelled magnet wire, such as Formvar wire. Larger power
transformers operating at high voltages may be wound with copper
rectangular strip conductors insulated by oil-impregnated paper and blocks
of pressboard

Rotor : -


The moving or rotating part of generator is known as rotor. The axial
length of shaft of the rotor is very large as compared to its diameter in
case of turbo generators. Itis coiled heavily (field coils) as it has to
support large amount of current and voltage.Rotor revolves in most
generators at a speed of 3000rpm. Field coils are wound over it
tomake the magnetic poles and to maintain magnetic strength the
winding must carry a veryhigh current. As current flows heat is
generated, but the temperature has to be maintained because as
temperature raises problems with insulation becomes
more pronounced. Withgood design and great care this problem can
be solved






ROTOR SHAFT:-
The rotor shaft is cold rolled forging 26N1 or MOV116 grade and it is
importedfrom Japan and Italy.Rotor shaft is a single piece.
The longitudinal slots are distributed over its circumference.After


completion, the rotor is balanced in the various planes and different
speed and thensubjected to an over speed test at 120% of rotor speed.
The rotor consists of electricallyactive portion and two shaft ends
approximately 60 % of rotor body circumference havelongitudinal
slots which hold the field winding. Slots pitch is selected so that the
twosolid poles are displaced by 180 degree the rotor wedges act
as damper winding withinthe range of winding slots. The rotor teeth at
the rotor body are provided in radial andaxial poles enabling cooling
air to be discharged


COOLING SYSTEM STATOR COOLING SYSTEM
The stator winding is cooled by distillate water which is fed from one
end of themachine by Teflon tube and flows through the upper bar and
returns back through thelower bar of a slot. Turbo generator requires
water cooling arrangement over and abovethe usual hydrogen cooling
arrangement. The stator is cooled in this system by
circulatingdemineralized water trough hollow conductors. The cooling
was used for cooling of stator winding and for the use of very high
quality of cooling water. For this purpose DMwater of proper
specifying resistance is selected. Generator is to be loaded within a
veryshort period. If the specific resistance of cooling DM water goes
beyond preset value.The system is designed to maintain a constant rate
of cooling water flow through thestator winding at a nominal inlet with
temperature of 40 degree centigrade, the coolingwater is again cooled
by water which is also demineralized to avoid contamination withany
impure water in case of cooler tube leakage, the secondary DM cooling
water is inturn cooled by Clarified water taken from clarified water
header.










ROTOR COOLING SYSTEM
The rotor is cooled by means of gap pickup cooling, where the
hydrogen gas inthe air gap is sucked through the scoops on the rotor
and is directed to flow along theventilating canals milled on the sides
of the rotor coil, to the bottom of slot where it takesa turn and comes
out on the similar canal milled on the other side of the rotor coil to
thehot zone of the rotor, Due to the rotation of the rotor, a positive
section as well asdischarge is created due to which a certain quantity of
a gas flows and cools the rotor.The method of cooling gives uniform
distribution of temperature. Also this method hasan inherent of
eliminating the deformation of copper due to varying temperature





REFERENCES

1. Industrial Visit
2. www.wikipedia .org/en
3. www.bhelbpl.co.in/bplweb_new/
4. Various handouts and data collected from the Bhopal unit of BHEL.