DRUGS FOR PULMONARY DISORDERS

CLASSIFICATION/DRUG INDICATIONS ACTIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS CONTRAINDICATIONS DRUG - DRUG

Bronchodilators, -Symptomatic relief or prevent Direct effect on smooth muscles of GI, N/V/D, insomnia, irritability, GI, ulcer, renal, hapatic, coronary, Many - metab in liver;
Antiasthmatics, bronchial asthma resp. tract in bronchi + blood headache, tachycardia, seizure, alcoholism, hyperthyroidism. ↓dose
Xanthines -Reversal of bronchospasm of COPD. vessels. Inhibits release of SRSA & confusion, brain damage, even Narrow margin. Therap. serum level=
theophylline histamine. death. 10-20. Nicotine-↑dosage
(Theo-Dur, Slo-bid
- Acute asthma attack Beta2 selective adrenergic agonists Sympathomimetic stimulation Depend on the severity of the General anesthetics
-Treatment & prevention of in the bronchi. CNS stimulation underlying condition.
Sympathomimetics
Bronchospasm. Bronchodilation (vasoconstriction) GI upset, cardiac arrhythmias, HTN, Cardiac disease, vascular disease,
Albuterol
- Prevention of exercise-induced asthma ↓renal & blood flow bronchospasm, sweating, pallor, and arrhythmias, diabetes,
(Proventil)
(use 30-60 mins before exercising) ↑ Heart Rate flushing hyperthyroidism,
-Rescue inhaler, ↑ respiratory rate + depth
-Pts > 2 yrs. ↑ blood pressure If HTN, can not be on
Anticholinergics Maintenance treatment of COPD, -Block vagally mediated reflexes by dizziness, headache, GI, fatigue, Peanut allergy, Dry mouth Anticholinergics
Ipratropium bronchospasm & emphysema. antagonizing the action of nervousness, dry mouth, sore Any condition aggravated by
(Atrovent) Not as effective, but pts w/ HTN can acetylcholine throat, cough, palpitations, and anticholinergic effect.Glaucoma, HTN,
use. -Dilate bronchi.“Quiets down” urinary retention. Enlarged Prostrate (BPH)
Inhaled Steroids -Prevent & treat asthma; ↓the inflammatory response in the Sore throat, hoarseness, coughing, Not for emergency use. Taper withdrawal
Budesonide -Treat chronic steroid-depend airway; this action will ↑ air flow dry mouth, Irritability, headache, Pregnacy & Lactation
(Pulmicort) bronchial asthma and facilitate respiration in a narrow rebound congestion, epistaxis, local Respiratory infections
Triamcinolone -adjunct therapy for pts not controlled airway. infection Steroid effect NDX: Absorbed in resp. tract.
(Azmacort) by traditional bronchodilators. Takes 2-3 weeks for effect Risk forinjury r/t immunosuppression
Singulair: Prophylaxis and chronic Selectively and competitively block headache, hepatic or renal impairment propranolol,
Leukotriene Receptor
treatment of bronchial asthma & (Singulair) or antagonize (Zyfko) dizziness, Pregnacy & Lactation theophylline,
Antoagonists
patients < 12yrs. receptors for the production of myalgia, terfenadine, or warfarin:
(Blockers)
Zyflo: Prophylaxis and chronic leukotrienes N/V/D, calcium channel blockers,
Montelukast
treatment of bronchial asthma in abdominal pain, cyclosporine, or aspirin;
(Singulair)
patients ≥12 yr old Rapidly absorbed in GI tract. generalized pain, decreased dosage of
zileuton
Only for prevention & long-term use; Take on empty stomach fever,. either drug may be
(Zyflo)
not emergency. ↑liver enzymes concentrations, necessary.
-Rescue treatment of infants who have Replaces the surfactant that is Patent ductus arteriosus, infection Emergency drugs have no
Lung Surfactants (RDS); missing in infants with RDS. intraventricular hemorrhage, contraindications; will die w/out.
Beractant Acts immediately in trachea. Metab. hypotension, bradycardia, sepsis,
-Prophylactic treatment of infants at in lungs. pneumothorax, pulmonary air leak,
high risk for development of RDS (Babies stay on until they make their pulmonary hemorrhage, apnea,
-Treatment of severe bronchial Inhibits the allergen-triggered Headache, Allergy Isoprterenol
asthma; release of histamine, SRSA, and dizziness, nausea, sore throat, Pregnancy (Sympathimetic)
-Prevention of exercise-induced leukotrienes from mast cells; dysuria, cough, nasal congestion
Mast Cell Stabilizers
asthma decreases the overall allergic
Cromolyn
-Allergic rhinitis response in the airways
(Intal)
Release substances &
It is inhaled from a capsule and may bronchoconstrictive
not reach its peak effect for 1 week