Unit I :

Foundation of Unix Operating Systems:

1. what is kernel, Types of kernel(monolithic,micro,exo)
2. Operating system booting process Grub!, Grub!!,
". #uffer management in $nix%&inux,#uffer 'ache,
(. !nternal )epresentation of *iles,
+. ,ystems calls for the files systems,
-. *ile management, *ile 'oncept ,
.. /ccess metho0s, *ree ,pace 1anagement, 2isk management, ,wap space.
Questions:
1. Explain in detail about the history of Unix Operating Systems. ( mar!s"
#. $i%e some reasons for popularity and su&&ess of the Unix OS. (# mar!s"
'. (rite short notes on System Stru&ture of the U)I* system. (+ mar!s"
,. (hat is system !ernel or !ernel- (# mar!s"
.. Explain briefly about the high/le%el features of the U)I* system. (1+ mar!s"
+. (hat are the high/le%el features of the U)I* system- (# mar!s"
0. (hat are the &hara&teristi&s of U)I* file system- (# mar!s"
. (hat is a path name- $i%e example. (# mar!s"
1. (rite short notes on i" files ii" dire&tories iii" permission a&&ess and i%" spe&ial
de%i&es of U)I* system. ( mar!s"
12. (hat is the purpose of for! and exe& system &alls- (# mar!s"
11. (hat is shell- (# mar!s"
1#. (hat are the three types of &ommand does the shell allo3- (# mar!s"
1'. 4o3 are shell exe&uted- $i%e examples. (# mar!s"
1,. (hat is the purpose of primiti%es- (# mar!s"
1.. (hat is redire&t I5O- Explain 3ith examples. (, mar!s"
1+. (hat is pipe- (# mar!s"
10. Explain about pipe in detail. (+ mar!s"
1. Explain building blo&! primiti%es of Unix systems 3ith examples. ( mar!s"
11. (hat are the ser%i&es of operating system- (# mar!s"
#2. (hat are the modes of exe&ution of user pro&esses on Unix systems- (# mar!s"
#1. (hat is user mode and !ernel mode of exe&ution- (# mar!s"
##. (hat are the differen&e bet3een user and !ernel mode- (# mar!s"
#'. 6ifferentiate bet3een interrupt and ex&eption. (# mar!s"
#,. (hy mapping of %irtual address to physi&al address translation is ma&hine
dependent- (# mar!s"
#.. Explain in detail about assumption about hard3are. (12 mar!s"
#+. Explain the ar&hite&ture of Unix Operating System in detail. (1# mar!s"
#0. (hat are the t3o main subsystems of unix operating systems- (# mar!s"
#. (hat is the purpose of file subsystem- (# mar!s"
#1. (hat are the responsibilities of pro&ess &ontrol subsystem- (# mar!s"
'2. (hat is the need of buffering me&hanism in unix OS-
'1. (hat are de%i&e dri%ers- (hat are its types- 6efine them. (#5, mar!s"
'#. (hat is the purpose of memory management module- (# mar!s"
''. (hat is the purpose of s&heduler module- (# mar!s"
',. (hat is the purpose of inter pro&ess &ommuni&ation- (# mar!s"
'.. (hat is dis! dri%er- (# mar!s"
'+. Explain the o%er%ie3 of file subsystem in detail. (12 mar!s"
'0. (hat is an inode- (# mar!s"
'. (hat are file table and user des&riptor table- (# mar!s"
'1. Explain the relationship bet3een user file des&riptor table7 file table and inode
table. (
mar!s"
,2. Explain the stru&ture of file system layout. (+ mar!s"
,1. (hat is boot blo&!- (# mar!s"
,#. (hat is super blo&!- (# mar!s"
,'. (hat is inode list- (# mar!s"
,,. (hat is a data blo&!- (# mar!s"
,.. Explain the stru&ture of the pro&ess. (1# mar!s"
,+. 8riefly explain the regions of a loaded pro&ess. ( , mar!s"
,0. (hat is sta&! frame- (# mar!s"
,. Explain the data stru&tures used by the !ernel 3hen a pro&ess is loaded. ( mar!s"
,1. (hat is !ernel pro&ess table- (# mar!s"
.2. (hat is u area- (# mar!s"
.1. (hat is per pro&ess region table- (# mar!s"
.#. (hat is region table- (# mar!s"
.'. Explain 3ith an example of the use of user and !ernel sta&! frames. ( mar!s"
.,. Explain the &ontext of a pro&ess. (+ mar!s"
... (hat is &ontext s3it&h- (# mar!s"
.+. (hen to do &ontext s3it&h- (# mar!s"
.0. (hat happens 3hen a &ontext s3it&h is done fre9uently- (# mar!s"
.. (hat is the differen&e bet3een &ontext s3it&h and &hange in mode- (# mar!s"
.1. Explain in detail about the pro&ess states and pro&ess state transition. (12 mar!s"
+2. (hen the non/preempti%e s&heduling algorithm is used and 3hen the preempti%e
s&heduling algorithm is used in Unix system- (# mar!s"
+1. Explain in detail about the sleep and 3a!e/up e%ent 3ith an example. (12 mar!s"
+#. (rite about i" !ernel data stru&ture and ii" system administration. (+ mar!s"
+'. $i%e some system &alls that pro&esses intera&t 3ith file subsystem. (# mar!s"
+,. :ention some system &alls for &ontrolling pro&esses. (# mar!s"
+.. (hat is s3apper- (# mar!s"
++. (hat is init(" pro&ess- (# mar!s"
+0. (hat are the a&&ess methods-
+. (hat is s3ap de%i&e-
+1. (rite short notes on i" 6is! spa&e management ii" free spa&e
management
02. (hat is $;U8- (# mar!s"
01. (hat is $;U8 #- (# mar!s"
0#. Explain the boot pro&ess of U)I*. (, mar!s"
0'. File 3rite algorithm is different than file read algorithm. 4o3- Explain. (#,mar!s"
0,. 8riefly explain mount system &all in Unix. (, mar!s"
0.. <ist the system &alls in 3hi&h referen&e &ount field of File =able Entry is
in&remented. (# mar!s"
1. (hat are the fields in buffer header- (# mar!s"
#. 6ra3 and 3rite notes on buffer header. (+ mar!s"
'. (hat is free list of buffers- (# mar!s"
,. (rite note on buffers of hash 9ueue. (# mar!s"
.. Explain about the stru&ture of the buffer pool. (512 mar!s"
+. (hat are the ad%antages and disad%antages of buffer &a&he- (, mar!s5+ mar!s"
0. (hat are the fields of dis! inode- (# mar!s"
. (hat are the additional fields if in/&ore inode memory- (+ mar!s"
1. (rite a note on dis! inodes. (, mar!s"
12. (rite a note on in/&ore inode>s additional fields. (, mar!s"
11. 8rief on status of in/&ore inode. (# mar!s"
1#. Explain the a&&essing of inode or iget algorithm. ( mar!s"
1'. Explain the releasing of inodes or iput algorithm. ( mar!s"
1,. Explain the stru&ture of a regular file 3ith an example. (1+ mar!s"
1.. (hat are dire&t blo&!s and indire&t blo&!s. (# mar!s"
1+. 4o3 to a&&ess data %ia indire&t blo&!- (# mar!s"
10. Explain bmap algorithm or &on%ersion of byte offset to blo&! number in file system.
(12
mar!s"
1. Explain about dire&tories in detail. ( mar!s"
11. Explain about the &on%ersion of a pathname to an inode using the algorithm. (12
mar!s"
#2. (hat is a super blo&!- (hat are the fields in super blo&!- (, mar!s"
#1. (rite a note on spe&ial files and pipes. (# mar!s"
1. (hat is the fun&tion of namei algorithm- (# mar!s"
#. (hat is the fun&tion of iget algorithm- (# mar!s"
'. (hat is the fun&tion of iput algorithm- (# mar!s"
,. (hat is the fun&tion of namei algorithm- (# mar!s"
.. (hat is the fun&tion of iallo& algorithm- (# mar!s"
+. (hat is the fun&tion of ifree algorithm- (# mar!s"
0. (hat is the fun&tion of allo& algorithm- (# mar!s"
. (hat is the fun&tion of free algorithm- (# mar!s"
1. (hat is the fun&tion of bmap algorithm- (# mar!s" (pg 1#"
12. (hat is the fun&tion of getbl! algorithm- (# mar!s" (pg 1#"
11. (hat is the fun&tion of brelse algorithm- (# mar!s" (pg 1#"
1#. (hat is the fun&tion of bread algorithm- (# mar!s" (pg 1#"
1'. (hat is the fun&tion of breada algorithm- (# mar!s" (pg 1#"
1,. (hat is the fun&tion of b3rite algorithm- (# mar!s" (pg 1#"
1.. (rite the syntax for open system &all and express their parameters. (# mar!s" (pg 1#"
1+. Explain the algorithm for open system &all 3ith examples. (1251# mar!s" (pg 1# to 1+"
10. (rite the syntax for read system &all and express their parameters. (# mar!s" (pg 1+"
1. Explain the algorithm for read system &all 3ith examples. (1251#51+ mar!s" (pg 1+ to
121"
11. (hy inode is left lo&!ed 3hen it is in use- (# mar!s" (pg 122"
#2. (rite the syntax for 3rite system &all and express their parameters. (# mar!s" (pg 121"
#1. Explain the 3rite system &all 3ith examples. (12 mar!s" (pg 121 to 12'"
##. (hat is delayed 3rite- (# mar!s" (pg 12#"
#'. (hat is the ad%antage of delayed 3rite- (# mar!s" (pg 12#712'"
#,. (hat are file lo&!ing and re&ord lo&!ing- (# mar!s" (pg 12'"
#.. (hat is the purpose of lsee! system &all- (# mar!s" (pg 12'"
#+. (hat is lsee! system &all- (# mar!s" (pg 12'"
#0. (rite the syntax for lsee! system &all and express their attributes. (# mar!s" (pg 12'"
#. Explain briefly about ad?usting the position of file I5O or lsee! system &all. (, mar!s"
(pg
12'"
#1. (rite the syntax for &lose system &all and express their parameters. (# mar!s" (pg 12'7
12,"
'2. Explain the &lose system &all 3ith examples. ( mar!s" (pg 12' to 12."
'1. (hat is the system &all used to &reate a file- (rite its syntax and their attributes. (#
mar!s" (pg 12."
'#. Explain the algorithm for &reat system &all or file &reation. (1251# mar!s" (pg 12. to
120"
''. (hat happens 3hen a gi%en file is already exists before the &reat- (# mar!s" (pg 120"
',. (hat is the system &all used to &reate a spe&ial files- (rite its syntax and their
attributes. (# mar!s" (pg 120"
'.. Explain the algorithm for m!nod system &all or &reation of spe&ial files. (12 mar!s" (pg.
120 to 12"
'+. (hat are the differen&es bet3een the &reat( " system &all and m!nod( " system &all-
(#5,5+ mar!s" (pg 12. to 12"
'0. (hat are pipes- (# mar!s" (pg 111"
'. (hat are the types of pipes- (# mar!s" (pg 111"
'1. (hat is named pipes and unnamed pipes- (# mar!s" (pg 111"
,2. (hat is the differen&e bet3een named and unnamed pipes- (# mar!s" (pg 111"
,1. (hat is the use of pipe( " system &all- (# mar!s" (pg 11#"
,#. Explain the algorithm for pipe( " system &all. ( mar!s" (pg 11#7 11'"
,'. Explain the opening of unnamed and named pipes. (512 mar!s" (pg 11# to 11'"
,,. (hat are the %arious manipulation of pipes- Explain them in detain. (1#51+ mar!s" (pg
111 to 110"
,.. (hat are the four &ases for reading and 3riting pipes- (# mar!s" (pg 11,"
,+. Explain reading and 3riting of pipes in detail. (512 mar!s" (pg 11' to 11."
,0. Explain &losing of pipes in detail. (+ mar!s" (pg 11. to 11+"
,. (hat is the differen&e bet3een &losing a pipe and &losing a regular file- (# mar!s" (pg
11."
,1. (hat is the purpose of dup system &all- (# mar!s" (pg 110"
.2. (rite the syntax of dup system &all and their attributes. (# mar!s" (pg 110"
.1. Explain dup( " system &all in detail. (512 mar!s" (pg 110 to 111"
.#. (hat is mounting and unmounting- (# mar!s" (pg 111"
.'. (rite the syntax for mount system &all and their parameters. (# mar!s" (pg 111"
.,. (hat is mount table- (hat are its fields- (#5, mar!s" (pg 1#2"
... Explain mounting or the algorithm for mount in detail. (1251#51+ mar!s" (pg 111 to
1#+"
.+. (rite the syntax for umount system &all and their parameters. (# mar!s" (pg 1#+"
.0. Explain unmounting or the algorithm for umount in detail. (512 mar!s" (pg 1#+ to
1#0"
.. (hat is ra&e &ondition- (# mar!s" (pg 1',"