II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 22 -W-Ø˛ 2006

Himesh: Hi Mahesh, congrats. Mahesh: OK. OK. We've had enough argu-
Mahesh: What on? (áçü¿’èπÿ?) ment. Let's talk of something differ-
Himesh: I hear that your score is better than all ent. (ÆæÍ®, ÆæÍ®, Ééπ Ñ ¢√ü¿ç î√™‰x. -´’Í®-
the others' scores in the class. (class ü∆-E í∫’Jç-îÁjØ√ ´÷ö«x-úøü∆ç)
score
™ Åçü¿-J-éπçõ‰ F-¢Á-èπ◊\´ -îË-¨»-´E ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†÷, ´’†’-≠æfl-©†÷, v°æüË-¨»-©†’, ïçûª’-´¤-©†’
NØ√o†’) §ÚLa ¢√öÀ™x/ ¢√∞¡x™x ûª®Ω-ûª´’ ¶µ‰ü∆©’ îª÷úøôç
Mahesh: Thanks a lot. But I feel happy that I've ´’†èπ◊ î√™« Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† üµÓ®ΩùÀ éπü∆!
got very good marks, and not The minute we see two or more things/ peo-
because my score is better than the ple of the same nature, we compare them.
others. I don't like comparisons. Comparisons are very common.
thanks.
(î√™« Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ ´’ç* We usually compare the qualities of people 2) Your score is better than all the others'
Degrees of comparison ã grammar exercise
marks ´*a-†ç-ü¿’Íé ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-í¬F, and things.
Åçõ‰ ´’†’-≠æfl©, ´Ææ’h-´¤© í∫’ù«-©†’, scores = F marks marks
Éûª-®Ω’-©ç-ü¿J éπçõ‰
Éûª-®Ω’© éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ é¬ü¿’. ©éπ~-ù«-©†÷ §Ú©’≤ƒhç. ´’†ç-ü¿-JéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ – í∫’ù«- í¬ practice îËߪ’-ôç-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç Öçúøü¿’. ¶«í∫’-Ø√o®·.(Better - good comparative.
èπ◊
Ø√èπ◊ §ÚL-éπ©’ É≠ædç Öçúø´¤). ©†’, ©éπ~-ù«-©†÷ ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô©’ 'Adjectives' ¢√öÀ N≠æߪ’ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊E Å´-Ææ®Ω¢Á’i†-°æ¤púø’, Best, - good superlative)
èπ◊
precision (éπ*a-ûªûªyç) éÓÆæç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ ûªT-†ô’x
(Comparison = §ÚLéπ, compare §Ú©aôç) ÅE. ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ Å®·†, Å®·-†-ô’-´çöÀ, éπ©, éπL- 3) I am happy to get a higher score.
T-†-ô’-´çöÀ ÅE Å®Ωnç ´îËa ´÷ô©’, adjectives. ¢√úø-ö«-EéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çü∆ç.
Himesh: They say you are the cleverest in the
class. Doesn't it make you happy? Comparison Ñ adjectives Íé Öçö«®·. ´·êu- ¢Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’: (higher - comparative)
4) ... whether my marks are better than those of
(Åçü¿®Ω÷ E†’o class ™ -Å-ûªuç-ûª ûÁL¢Áj† ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ 'ᙫçöÀ—, 'áô’-´çöÀ?— ÅØË v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ 1) ´÷´‚- ©’í¬ à adjective Å®·Ø√ positive others
¢√úøç-ö«®Ω’. ÅC E†’o ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-®Ω-îªü∆?) ï¢√•’ ´îË a °æ - ü ¿ ç , adjective. degree ™ Öçô’çC. tall (§Òúø’í∫’), short marks
(Éûª-®Ω’© éπçõ‰ Ø√N ¢Á’®Ω’í¬, é¬ü∆ ÅØËC...)
Mahesh: I am certainly happy to get a high a) Kumar is tall = èπ ◊ ´÷®˝ §Òúø ’ í∫ ’ . (§ÒöÀ d) high (áûÁkh†), large (°ü¿l-üÁj†), etc. 5) ... my marks are higher than others' marks
score, even a higher score than I've èπ◊´÷®˝ ᙫç- öÀ-¢ √úø ’? – É™«çöÀ ´ Fo positive degree. Ñ positive marks
(Éûª-®Ω’© higher -
éπçõ‰ Ø√N áèπ◊\´.
got this time. But I don't care whether Answer: §Òúø-¢Áj-†-¢√úø’ (tall) 鬕öÀd, tall, adjective. degree äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ ´’E≠œ í∫’ù«Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. comparative)
my marks are better than those or b) Tendulkar is a great cricketer = DEE §ÚLéπ ÖØ√o, ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ ¢√úøû√ç. äÍé ¶µ«¢√Eo positive, comparative, superla-
others or not. (Ø√èπ◊ ´’ç* marks õ„ç-úø÷-©\®˝ íÌ°æp cricketer. a) Chandra is tall (positive degree - §Ú©a-ôç-™‰ü¿’) tive degrees ™ ᙫ îÁ§ÒpîÌa îª÷ü∆lç.
®√´ôç ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’. É°æ¤p-úÌ-*a† marks áô’-´çöÀ cricketer? ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊, great cricketer b) Surya is not so/ as tall as Chandra (positive AP is the biggest state in South India. ÉC
éπçõ‰ Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ ®√´ôç èπÿú≈ ÆæçûÓ≠æ- ÅE answer 鬕öÀd, 'great' Ééπ\úø adjective. degree - §Ú©’-Ææ’hØ√oç – îªçvü¿†’, Ææ÷®Ωu†’) superlative. AP
ü¿éÀ~ù ¶µ«®Ω-ûªç™ Åûªuçûª °ü¿l
¢Ë’. Å®·ûË Éûª-®Ω’© éπØ√o áèπ◊\¢√, ûªèπ◊\¢√ (The biggest - superlative
®√≠æZç. 'The').´·çü¿’
Positive degree ™E adjectives èπ◊, + er/ + r
ÅØËC -Ø√èπ◊ -Å-†-´-Ææ®Ωç). AP is bigger than any other state/ all other
Himesh: But Mahesh, comparisons are quite îË®Ωa-ôç-´©x, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ¢√öÀ-´·çü¿’ more îË®Ωa-ôç-´©x states in South India - bigger - comparative.
comparative degree Å´¤-û√®· (Éûª-®Ω’-©-
- Ç çí∫ x - ¶ µ « - ≠ æ - ù
common, aren't they? When we talk ÅN
174
ü¿éÀ~ù ¶µ«®Ω-ûªç-™E à Éûª®Ω ®√≠æZç/ ÅEo Éûª®Ω
of two or more things or people having éπ ç õ‰ áèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®Ωnç™). ®√≥ƒZ© éπçõ‰ °ü¿lC.
same similarity we compare them.
Comparisons are only natural. (Å®·ûË,

He works harder than...

´’Ê£«≠ˇ, §Ú©aôç ÅØËC Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωù-¢Á’i-†
N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’ éπü∆? È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´Ææ’h-´¤-™x-
í¬F, ´uèπ◊h-™x-í¬F àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒ®Ω÷°æuç éπ†-°æ-úÕûË
§Ú©aôç Ææ£æ«-ï¢Ë’ éπü∆?)
Mahesh: So they are. But I don't see why I
should feel happy when my marks are
higher than the others' marks. I am
happy If I get marks that I deserve.
I don't like to be compared with oth-
ers. (Eï¢Ë’. Å®·ûË É-ûª®Ω’-©-éπçõ‰
marks
Ø√Èéèπ◊\´ ´ÊÆh ØËØÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-
°æ-ú≈™ Ø√éπ®Ωnç é¬ü¿’. Ø√èπ◊ Å®Ω|-ûª -Ö†o
marks ´ÊÆhØË Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç)
Himesh: Then why do we have competitive
exams? Why ranking in exams? Isn't
the purpose of competitive exams,
choosing the best candidates? What
is it if not comparison? competi-
(´’J
tive exams–
§ÚöÃ °æK-éπ~©’ áçü¿’-èπ◊-†oô’x?
Ŷµºu-®Ω’n™x Öûªh-´·-©†’ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-
ü¿’èπ◊ é¬ü∆? ÅC §Ú©aôç é¬éπ-§ÚûË
´’Í®çöÀ?)
Mahesh: Oh, Himesh, you are talking about
some thing entirely different. All that I
say is my marks make me happy and
not my being better than others.
(†’¢Ëyçö ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. ؈-ØË-üË-N’-
ôçõ‰, Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≥ƒ-Eo-îËaN Ø√ marks
´÷vûª-¢Ë’-é¬F, Éûª-®Ω’-©-éπØ√o ؈’ ¢Á’®Ω’-í¬_
ÖØ√o†ØË N≠æߪ’ç é¬ü¿’)
Himesh: But you said you were against com-
parisons. How can you escape com-
parisons? When you buy something,
for example, a shirt, don't you com-
pare a number of shirts, their quality,
their price etc. before you settle for
the 'cheapest and the best'? (§ÚL-éπ©èπ◊
´uA-Í®-éπ-´’E †’¢Ëy ÅØ√o-´¤í¬. §Ú©aôç
†’ç* ûª°œpç--éÓ-í∫-©´÷ @N-ûªç™? àüÁjØ√
´Ææ’h´¤ éÌØË-ô-°æ¤púø’, ã shirt ņ’-èπ◊çü∆ç,
two shirts †’, ¢√öÀ Ø√ùu-ûª†’, ¢√öÀ
üµ¿®Ω-©†’ §Ú™‰a-éπü∆, 'ÅA í¬_ ÅA ´’ç*—
shirt é̆-ö«-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úø-û√´¤?
(settle for = àüÁjØ√ ´Ææ’h´¤ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úøôç/
áç°œéπ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç)
c) It is a foreign car.
-Å-üÁ-™«ç-öÀ car? Answer: for- a) Chandra is taller than Comparative ™ îÁ§ƒp-Lq†°æ¤púø’ í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lq†
eign car - 鬕öÀd 'foreign'ÅØËC adjective. Surya (Surya éπçõ‰ N≠æߪ’ç – Comparative ûª®√yûª than any other
Chandra (tall + + singular/ than all other + plural
d) Dravid is the Captain of the Indian team = §Òúø’í∫’) ®√´ôç.
Dravid Captain.
¶µ«®Ωûª (¶µ«®Ω-Bߪ’) ïô’dèπ◊ er - comparative ÉüË ¶µ«¢√Eo Positive, Åçõ‰, 'big' ¢√úÕ îÁ°æp-´îª’a.
Indian - adjective. degree of tall) No other state in South India is as/ so big as
b) Surya is braver than AP. AP
e) A dark room = room?
(<éπöÀ í∫C). áô’-´çöÀ (ü¿éÀ~ù ¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ à Éûª®Ω ®√≠æZç èπÿú≈
Chandra
M. SURESAN
Answer: dark room; so dark - adjective.
(îªçvü¿ éπçõ‰ Åçûª °ü¿lC é¬ü¿’.)
brave
Ææ÷®Ωu üµÁj®Ωu-Ææ’húø’ – Positive ™ í∫´’-Eç-î √-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç: 1) No
f) A clever student: ᙫçöÀ student?
+ r - comparative degree of brave =
other ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Positive degree big
üµÁj®Ωuç-í∫©)
Answer- clever, so clever - adjective. c) Kashmir is more beautiful than any other
´·çü¿’, so é¬F, as é¬F, ü∆E ûª®√yûª, as ®√´ôç
°j´Fo – tall, great, foreign, Indian, dark, state in India.
clever - adjectives
í∫´’-Eç-î√L.
(í∫’ù«-©†’, ©éπ~-ù«-©†’ ûÁLÊ° (à Éûª®Ω ®√≠æçZ -éπØ√o é¬Qt®˝ Åçü¿-¢Á’içC)
verb
µ Ææ’´’çû˝ class ™ Åçü¿-J™ §Òúø’í∫’ – ÉC
´÷ô©’). Å™«Íí °æ†’-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC éπü∆– (more + beautiful - comparative of beautiful)
Superlative degree ™ -îÁ-•’-ü∆ç. §Òúø’-í∫’èπ◊
Ç °æ†’©’ ᙫ ïJ-í¬®·/ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√®· ÅE ûÁLÊ° Å™«Íí adjective *´®Ω + est/ st îËJaØ√, ü∆E-´·çü¿’ superlative - tallest. ü∆E-´·çü¿’ 'the' ®√¢√L
´÷ô ADVERB. most îËJaØ√ superlative degree Å´¤-ûª’çC.
a) He walks slowly - verb - walks = †úø’-≤ƒhúø’.
éπü∆.Sumanth is the tallest (boy) in the class.
a) Chandra is the tallest in the class.
ᙫ †úø’-≤ƒhúø’ – Answer - slowly. (Class ™ Chandra Åçü¿-J-éπØ√o §Òúø’í∫’– µ °æèπ~◊-™x ØÁ´’L Åçü¿-¢Á’içC. ÉC Comparative ™
鬕öÀd – slowly, adverb. tall + est - superlative of tall)
-îÁ-•’-ü∆ç. Åçü¿-¢Á’i† - comparative - more beau-
tiful. Comparative ûª®√yûÁ°æ¤púø÷ than, any
b) She sings well - verb: sings = §ƒúø’-ûª’çC. b) Surya is the bravest in the class.
other singular/ all other plural ®√¢√L éπü∆–
ᙫ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC? Answer - well (¶«í¬) – (Class ™ Ææ÷®Ωu Åûªuçûª üµÁj®Ωu-Ææ’húø’ –
(than any other bird/ than all other birds). The
so, well - adverb. brave + st - superlative of brave)
peacock is more beautiful than any other bird
Ñ adjectives ûÁLÊ° í∫’ù-í∫-ù«-©†÷, adverbs c) Kashmir is the most beautiful state in India
(singular)/ than all other birds (plural).
(Kashmir Åûªuçûª Ææ’çü¿-®Ω-¢Á’i† ®√≠æZç.
ûÁLÊ° °æE Nüµ∆-Ø√-©†÷ §Ú©’-Ææ’hçö«ç. µ à Éûª®Ω Dictionary èπÿú≈ Ñ dictionary Åçûª
a) Kumar is taller than Kesav= Í騡¢˛ éπçõ‰ èπ◊´÷®˝ most + beautiful - superlative of beautiful)
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ™‰ü¿’. DEo positive ™ -îÁ-•’-ü∆ç.
§Òúø’í∫’. Ééπ\úø Í騡¢˛, èπ◊´÷®˝© §Òúø’í∫’ ´’†ç ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ §Ú©’-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’/ ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ Å°æ¤púËç îËߪ÷L? No other dictionary ûÓ begin
§Ú©’-Ææ’hØ√oç – ÉC Comparison of an adjective §Ú©’-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø÷ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd äé𠶵«¢√Eo, îËߪ÷L. Positive degree 'useful' ´·çü¿÷,
(í∫’ùç §ÚLéπ). positive, comparative, superlative degree ™x ¢Á†’éπ, so/ as ... as ®√¢√L. Å°æ¤púø’ sentence,
b) He works harder than Karim = éπKç éπçõ‰ ¢√úø’ üËE-™-ØÁjØ√ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. No other dictionary is so/ as useful as this.
áèπ◊\´ éπ≠d-°æ æ-úø-û√úø’ – ÉC ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Ω÷ îËÊÆ °æE Look at these sentences from the conversa- Ææçví∫-£æ«çí¬:
§ÚLéπ – Åçõ‰ comparison of an adverb. tion between Himesh and Mahesh. 1) Superlative degree ´·çü¿’, the.
´’† daily conversation ™ comparison (§ÚLa 1) ... you are the cleverest boy in the class.
2) Comparative degree than any other +
ûª®√yûª
cleverest - adjective.
Ééπ\úÕ est
DE *´®Ω + singular/ than all other + plural.
îª ÷úøôç) î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. 鬕öÀd
degrees of comparison (í∫’ù-í∫-ù«™x, °æ†’©’ ÖçC 鬕öÀd ÉC superlative degree. á°æ¤púø÷ 3) Positive degree: v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç – no other ûÓ.
superlative
Positive degree ´·çü¿’, so/ as, ûª®√yûª as.
ïJÍ í Nüµ¿ç™ ûª®Ω-ûª´’ ¶µ‰ü∆©’) ¢√úøôç ûª°æpü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç – ´·çü¿’,
¢√öÀE correct í¬ ¢√úø-í∫-L-í¬-´’çõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ ´’† the ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈L.
conversation èπ◊ precision (éπ*a-ûªûªyç) ÖçúÕ The Eenadu is the largest circulated Telugu
´’†ç îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊†o ¶µ«´ç correct í¬ îÁ°æp-í∫©ç. Daily. (The + Largest - superlative)

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm