Design of Interval Power System Stabilizer

AbstractThis paper presents the performance of an application
of latest development of type1 fuzzy logic which is interval type2

fuzzy logic as a Power System Stabilizer (PSS). Interval Type2 Fuzzy
Logic PSS (IT2FLPSS) is a proportional-derivative type fuzzy logic
PSS consists of interval type2 fuzzy logic controller and adjustable
proportional and derivative gain. IT2FLPSS uses rotor speed
deviation as a main input and armature power as auxiliary input.
Simulations are done with several fault tests at transmission line on
Kundur Test System. As reference Type1 Fuzzy Logic PSS
(T1FLPSS), IEEE PSS4B (Multi Band PSS) and IEEE PSS2B (dw
PSS) from IEEE std 421.5 have been used to be compared to
IT2FLPSS. The result shows that power transfer response using
IT2FLPSS has a settling time 5.36s and overshoot level 126.35 MW
in fault normally cleared simulation. For fault cleared with one line
outage simulation, the system has settling time 8.07s with overshoot
value 68.41 MW. Similarly, for voltage deviation and armature
power deviation responses, application IT2FLPSS shows great
improvement.

KeywordsInterval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic, Power System
Stabilizer.
I. INTRODUCTION
LECTRICAL power system generally consists of some
generating unit, transmission line, and load center. The
fault is always occurred in the electrical power system,
whether it is a permanent one or temporary one. The fault in
electrical power system can caused deviation on systems
variables, such as voltage, frequency and others. This
deviation can affect the stability of system. Stability in
electrical power system is defined as an ability of electrical
power system to maintain synchronization during and after
fault occurred.

Power System Stabilizer (PSS) has function to maintain
electrical power system stability [1, 2, 3]. Most PSS used in
electrical power system is developed from the classical linear
control theory. Linear control theory is based on a linear
model of a fixed power system configuration. In other words, a
fixed-parameters PSS, called a conventional PSS is optimum
for one set of operating conditions and may not be as effective
for drastically different set of operating condition [2].

Imam Robandi, PhD, is with Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111,
Indonesia (e-mail: robandi@ee.its.ac.id).
Bedy Kharisma is senior student of ITS, and he is now under supervised
by Dr. Imam Robandi in his final project.
Nowadays PSS has possibility to be designed and
implemented with a new controller based on a modern and
sophisticated technology such as artificial intelligent. In
artificial intelligent methods, fuzzy logic is really interesting,
because it does not need mathematical approach to give
control solution.
Fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets are fundamental element for
fuzzy systems, where their objective is to model brain
manipulates inexact information. So this method is suitable for
a complex system and non-linear [4, 5]. Fuzzy set is
introduced first time by Zadeh in 1965 to manipulate data and
information which unprobabilistic and uncertain.
Further development on type1 fuzzy set is interval type2
fuzzy set. Interval type2 fuzzy set is used to model uncertainty
and imprecision in a better way. Interval type2 fuzzy set is
introduced at the first time at 1975 by Zadeh and developed by
Mendel with characterizing interval type2 fuzzy set as
Footprint of Uncertainty (FOU). FOU is limited by superior
and inferior type1 membership function [6, 7]. The
development of fuzzy set from type1 to interval type2 in most
cases always shows a better result [8].
In order to obtain the performance improvement of the
electrical power system, Interval Type2 Fuzzy Logic PSS
(IT2FLPSS) is proposed. In the IT2FLPSS application,
Kundur Test System is used as test plant in conditions of fault
normally cleared and fault cleared with one line outage. In this
paper, the application of IT2FLPSS is compared with the Type
1 Fuzzy Logic PSS (T1FLPSS), dw PSS, and Multi Band PSS
(MB PSS). Three parameters are observed, voltage deviation,
power armature deviation and power transfer deviation. A
good PSS is a PSS which can maintain systems
synchronization with minimum overshoot and settling time at
each observed parameters. The result is quite promising that
power transfer response using IT2FLPSS has a settling time
5.36s and overshoot level 126.35 MW in fault normally
cleared simulation. For fault cleared with one line outage
simulation, the system has settling time 8.07s with overshoot
value 68.41 MW. From these result IT2FLPSS can greatly
improve the system stability. Similarly, for voltage deviation
and armature power deviation responses, application
IT2FLPSS shows great improvement.
II. KUNDUR TEST SYSTEM AND POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER
Kundur Test System is a system known worldwide as a
simple system on behalf of a general electricity system.
Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Based
Power System Stabilizer
Imam Robandi, and Bedy Kharisma
E
PROCEEDINGS OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 31 JULY 2008 ISSN 1307-6884
PWASET VOLUME 31 JULY 2008 ISSN 1307-6884 683 2008 WASET.ORG
International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3:10 2009
593

Despite its small size, it mimics very closely the behavior of
typical systems in actual operation. The Kundur Test System is
used as a plant for PSS implementation.
A. Kundur Test System
The Kundur Test System is shown in Fig. 1 that consists of
two fully symmetrical areas linked together by two 230 kV
lines of 220 km length. Each area is equipped with two
identical round rotor synchronous acts as thermal plant
generators rated 20kV/900MVA connected to transformer (T1,
T2, T3, and T4) . The synchronous machines (G1, G2, G3, and
G4) in all area have identical parameters, except for inertia
which is H = 6.5s for all generators in Area 1 and H = 6.175s
for all generators in Area 2. Thermal generating plants having
identical speed regulators and fast static exciters with a 200
gain at all locations. Each generator produces 700 MW. The
loads are assumed everywhere as constant impedance load.
The Area 1 and Area 2 loads are 967 MW (L1) and 1767 MW
(L2) respectively. The load voltage profile was improved by
installing 187 MVAr capacitors (C1 and C2) in each area to
make closer to unity. Area 1 is exporting to Area 2 through
two tie-lines and a single tie-line with power transfer level 413
MW and 353 MW, respectively. [2,3,9].

Fig. 1 Kundur Test System

B. dw PSS
The dw PSS provides an auxiliary signal control to
excitation system based on moderate phase advance at
frequencies in order to compensate inherent lag between the
field excitation and the electrical torque . The dw PSS consists
of Sensor Time Constant, Gain, Wash Out Filter, Lead-Lag
Compensator, and a limiter. The dw PSS model is shown in
Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 dw PSS [9]

The model consists of a low-pass filter, a general gain, a
washout high-pass filter, a phase-compensation system, and an
output limiter. Functions of each block are explained as
follows:
1) Sensor
Sensor block is a first order low-pass filter. Its function is
to filter input signal.
2) Overall Gain
Overall Gains function to regulate amplifying level of
input signal.
3) Wash-out
Washout is a filter works as high pass filter for the input
signal.
4) Lead-Lag Compensator
Lead-lag compensator works as phase-lead and phaselag
compensator of excitation system.
5) Limiter
Limiter works to limit the output of PSS before the output
signal goes to excitation Systems.

Values of dw PSSs parameters are presented in Table I.

TABLE I
DW PSSS PARAMETER
Parameter Value
Sensor time constant (Ts) 15 10
-3
s
Wash-Out time constant (Tw) 10s
Overall Gain (K) 30
Lead-Lag #1Time constant (T1n) 50 10
-3
s

Lead-Lag #1 Time constant (T1d) 20 10
-3
s
Lead-Lag #2 Time constant (T2n) 3s
Lead-Lag #2 Time constant (T2d) 5.4s
Limiter -0.15 to 0.15

C. MB PSS
Multi Band PSS (MB PSS) is designed to damp all the
disturbances occurring in an electrical power system. The
disturbance induces electromechanical oscillations to electrical
generators on system. Electromechanical oscillations can be
classified in four main categories as explained as follows:
1) Local oscillations: it is caused by a fault occurred between
a unit and the rest of the generating station and between the
latter and the rest of the power system. Their frequencies
typically range from 0.8 to 4.0 Hz.
2) Interplant oscillations: it is caused by a fault occurred
between two electrically close generation plants.
Frequencies can vary from 1 to 2 Hz.
3) Inter-area oscillations: it is caused by a fault occurred
between two major groups of generation plants.
Frequencies are typically in a range of 0.2 to 0.8 Hz.
4) Global oscillation: characterized by a common in-phase
oscillation of all generators as found on an isolated system.
The frequency of such a global mode is typically under 0.2
Hz.

These oscillations, also called power swings, must be
effectively damped to maintain the system's stability. Multi
Band PSS (MB PSS) provides damping action using three
separate working bands to damp all oscillation frequency
spectrums that may be occurred at electrical power system.
594

Three separate bands are used, respectively dedicated to the
low-, intermediate-, and high-frequency modes of those
oscillations: the low band is typically associated with the
power system global mode, the intermediate with the inter-area
modes, and the high with the local modes. MB PSS model is
shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 Multi Band PSS

Each of the three bands is made of a differential band pass
filter, a gain, and a limiter. Functions of each block are
explained as follows:
1) Speed Transducers
Speed Transducers function is to change rotor speed
deviation as input signal into frequency.
2) Low Frequency Band [F
L
K
L
]
Low Frequency Band is a high pass filter. Its function is to
filter low frequency oscillation mode.
3) Intermediate Frequency Band [F
I
K
I
]
Intermediate Frequency Band is a high pass filter. Its
function is to filter Intermediate frequency oscillation
mode.
4) High Frequency Band [F
H
K
H
]
High Frequency Band is a high pass filter. Its function is to
filter high frequency oscillation mode.
5) Signal Limiter [VL
MAX-MIN
Vl
MAX-MIN
VH
MAX-MIN
]
Signal Limiters function is to limits the output signal of
each band pass filter and MB PSS final limiter
6) Final Limiter [V
STMAX-STMIN
]
Final Limiters function is to limit total sum of band pass
filter outputs.

Values of MB PSSs parameters are presented in Table II.

TABLE II
MB PSSS PARAMETERS
Parameter Value
F
L
0.2Hz
K
L
30
F
I
1.25Hz
K
I
40
F
H
12.0Hz
K
H
160
VL
MAX-MIN
-0.075 to 0.0175
Vl
MAX-MIN
-0.15 to 0.15
VH
MAX-MIN
0.15 to 0.15
V
STMAX-MIN
0.15 to 0.15
III. PROPOSED INTERVAL TYPE2 FUZZY LOGIC PSS IN
APPLICATION
An Interval Type2 Fuzzy Logic PSS is similar with Type1
Fuzzy Logic PSS, but instead using type1 Fuzzy Logic as a
controller IT2FLPSS uses Interval Type2 Fuzzy Logic as the
controller. The explanation about Interval Type2 Fuzzy Logic
and its application, IT2FLPSS, are explained as follows:
A. Interval Type2 Fuzzy Logic
Membership function in interval type2 fuzzy logic set as an
area called Footprint of Uncertainty (FOU) which limited by
two type1 membership function those are: Upper membership
Function (UMF) and Lower Membership function (LMF)
[6,7]. Interval type2 membership function is shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4 Membership Function Interval Type2 Fuzzy Logic Set

Operation at Interval type-2 fuzzy set is identical with an
operation on type-1 fuzzy set, however on interval type-2
fuzzy system; fuzzy operator is done at two type1 membership
function which limits the FOU, UMF and LMF to produce
firing strenght. Operation on interval type2 fuzzy logic is
shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 Operation on Interval Type2 Membership Function

Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) which used in this paper is
Mamdani method, or used to call Max-Min method. On
Mamdani FIS it needs 5 steps to produce an output:
Fuzzyfication, Membership function operation, Implication
function, Aggregation, and Defuzzyfication. A simple example
of Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System on dinner for two [10]
on interval type2 fuzzy logic system is shown in Fig. 6.
Defuzzyfication is a mapping process from fuzzy logic
control action area to a non-fuzzy (crisp) control action area.
Defuzzyfication on an interval type2 fuzzy logic system that
use centroid method has been proposed by Karnik and
595

Mendel, known as Karnik-Mendel Algorithm [9]. The Karnik-
Mendel Algorithm flow chart is shown at Fig. 7.

Fig. 6 Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System on Interval Type2 Fuzzy
Logic

Fig. 7 Karnik-Mendel Algorithms to locate Centroid on Interval
Type2 Fuzzy Logic System

The Karnik-Mendel Algorithm flow chart at Fig. 7 can be

The c
l
determination
1) Initialization of
i
, through equation (1)

[ ] N 1,..., i , ) (x ) (x
2
1
i i i
= + =
(1)

2) Calculate ' c through equation (2)
=
=
= =
N
1 i
i
N
1 i
i i
N i
x
) ,..., c( c'
(2)
3) Calculate K value, so it fulfills equation (3)

1 k k
x c' x
+

(3)

4) Calculate " c through equation (4)

+ = =
+ = =
+
+
=
N
1 k i
i
A
k
1 i
i A
N
1 k i
i
A
i
k
1 i
i A i
) (x ) (x
) (x x ) (x x
c"
(4)
5) Check, if c' " c
l
= than stop. If not, set " c c'
l
= then return
to step number 2.

The c
r
determination
1) Initialization
i
, through equation (1)
2) Calculate ' c through equation (2)
3) Calculate k value, so it fulfills equation (3)
4) Calculate " c through equation (5)

+ = =
+ = =
+
+
=
N
1 k i
i A
k
1 i
i
A
N
1 k i
i A i
k
1 i
i
A
i
) (x ) (x
) (x x ) (x x
c"
(5)
5) Check, if c' " c
r
= than stop. If not, set " c c'
r
= then
return to step number 2.

Centroid Calculation
The c
l
and c
r
are important in centroid calculation. The
centroid can be obtained through equation (6).

Centroid = (c
l
+c
r
)/2 (6)

Even though centroid calculation is an iteration process, the
number of iteration will not exceeds N, where N equals the
number of sampled values of the primary variable [11].
B. Interval Type2 Fuzzy Logic PSS
The model of IT2FLPSS refers [2] with a type development
on fuzzy logic controller block, and to simplify model
integrator block is also removed. IT2FLPSS model is as shown
in Fig. 8.

Fig. 8 IT2FLPSS Model

Fig. 8 shows that IT2FLPSS consists of blocks, those are
wash-out, gain (Kw, Kp, Ks1), and limiter. Each part is
596

1) Wash Out
This block consists of two wash-out filter with time
constant 10 second.
2) Gain [Kw Kp Ks1]
Gain is needed to normalize the input and output of fuzzy
logic controller.
3) Fuzzy Logic Controller
Fuzzy Logic Controller has a function to produce control
signal as an output appropriate with the input.
4) Limiter [Vsmin Vsmax]
Limiter gives limitation of the PSS output.

In order to set fuzzy logic controller, input membership
function, output membership function, rules, and gain tuning
are definitive. Detail of input membership function, output
membership function, rules, and gain tuning are as follows:

Input Membership Function
Each of input variables are classified by Input membership
function consists of trapezoidal membership function and
triangular membership function, described in Fig. 9.

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
0
0.5
1

Fig. 9 Input Membership Function

The linguistic variable of input membership shown in Fig. 9
can be described as follows:

IBN_UMF =[-5-0.25 -1 -0.2 0.1+0.25 ];
IBN_LMF =[-5+0.25 -1 -0.2 0.1-0.25 ];
IMN_UMF =[-1-0.25 -0.15 0.2+0.25 ];
IMN_LMF =[-1+0.25 -0.15 0.2-0.25 ];
ILN_UMF =[-1-0.25 -0.065 1+0.25 ];
ILN_LMF =[-1+0.25 -0.065 1-0.25 ];
IZ_UMF =[-1-0.25 0 1+0.25 ];
IZ_LMF =[-1+0.25 0 1-0.25 ];
ILP_UMF =[-1-0.25 0.065 1+0.25 ];
ILP_LMF =[-1+0.25 0.065 1-0.25 ];
IMP_UMF =[-0.2-0.25 0.15 1+0.25 ];
IMP_LMF =[-0.2+0.25 0.15 1-0.25 ];
IBP_UMF =[-0.1-0.25 0.2 1 5+0.25 ];
IBP_LMF =[-0.1+0.25 0.2 1 5-0.25 ];

Output Membership Function
Output membership function also consists of triangular
membership function, described in Fig. 10.
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fig. 10 Output Membership Function

The linguistic variable of output membership shown in Fig.
10 can be described as follows:

OBN_UMF =[-1-0.005 -0.51 -0.439+0.005 ];
OBN_LMF =[-1+0.005 -0.51 -0.439-0.005 ];
OMN_UMF =[-0.515-0.005 -0.439 -0.302+0.005];
OMN_LMF =[-0.515+0.005 -0.439 -0.302-0.005];
OLN_UMF =[-0.439-0.005 -0.302 0+0.005 ];
OLN_LMF =[-0.439+0.005 -0.302 0-0.005 ];
OBZ_UMF =[-0.302-0.005 0 0.302+0.005 ];
OBZ_LMF =[-0.302+0.005 0 0.302-0.005 ];
OLZ_UMF =[-0.0015-0.0005 0 0.0015+0.0005 ];
OLZ_LMF =[-0.0015+0.0005 0 0.0015-0.0005 ];
OLP_UMF =[0-0.005 0.302 0.439+0.005 ];
OLP_LMF =[0+0.005 0.302 0.439-0.005 ];
OMP_UMF =[0.302-0.005 0.439 0.515+0.005 ];
OMP_LMF =[0.302+0.005 0.439 0.515-0.005 ];
OBP_UMF =[0.439-0.005 0.515 1+0.005 ];
OBP_LMF =[0.439+0.005 0.515 1-0.005 ];

Rules
Rules used by IT2FLPSS are identical with T1FLPSS [2].
The Rules are shown in Table III.

TABLE III
FUZZY LOGIC RULES
dw\dPa BP MP LP Z LN MN BN
BN BZ LN MN MN BN BN BN
MN LP BZ LN MN MN BN BN
LN MP LP BZ LN LN MN BN
Z BP MP LP LZ LN MN BN
LP BP MP LP LP BZ LN MN
MP BP BP MP MP LP BZ LN
BP BP BP BP MP MP LP BZ

Gain Tuning
The gains of the proportional and derivative actions of the
IT2FLPSS are given by the following relations:

K
PR
= Ks1
(F{Kp} + F{Kw})
K
DER
= Ks
1
F{K
P
}

With K
PR
, K
DER
, and F{} are proportional gain, derivative
gain, and fuzzy operation, respectively. To obtain the gains
Kw, Kp, and Ks1 a two steps method has been used. These
two steps consist of adjusting Kp and Kw in order to normalize
input and then tuning Ks1 to obtain best result. The value of
Kw, Kp, and Ks1 are 0.55, 50 x Kp, and 3, respectively.
597

IV. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
To see the performance of PSS on electrical power system,
fault simulation is demonstrated with connecting a 3 phase-
ground fault block at the middle of transmission line (Fault
Point A) for 8 cycles, in normally cleared condition and
cleared with one line outage condition.
A. Fault Normally Cleared
In this simulation, Kundur Test System is demonstrated
under a fault simulation and then cleared without any line
outage. While fault occurred in electrical power system, it can
deviates power armature that can cause swing on generator,
affect generator voltage output and area power transfer level
until the fault is cleared [1]. When fault is cleared, system will
oscillate to return on its stable point. Electrical power transfer
level from Area1 to Area2, voltage deviation response at G1,
and power armature deviation response at G1 are shown in
Fig. 11 until Fig. 13.

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
time (1/100 s)
M
e
g
a

W
a
t
t

(
M
W
)
Electrical Power Transfer Level

dw PSS
MB PSS
T1FLPSS
IT2FLPSS

Fig. 11 Electrical Power Transfer Response on Fault Normally
Cleared Simulation

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
time (1/100 s)
p
e
r

u
n
i
t

(
p
u
)
Voltage Output at G1

dw PSS
MB PSS
T1FLPSS
IT2FLPSS

Fig. 12 Voltage Output Response on Fault Normally Cleared
Simulation

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
time(1/100 s)
p
e
r

u
n
i
t

(
p
u
)
Power Armature at G1

dw PSS
MB PSS
T1FLPSS
IT2FLPSS

Fig. 13 Power Armature Response on Fault Normally Cleared
Simulation

B. Fault Cleared with One Line Outage
In this simulation, Kundur Test System is demonstrated
under a fault simulation and then cleared with opening breaker
on line which fault occurred. Disconnecting one of two tie-line
transmission lines can change the area power transfer level
into single-line power transfer level [1]. System will oscillate
to its new stable point, during that time system parameters will
deviate. Power transfer from Area1 to Area2, voltage deviation
response at G1, and power armature deviation response at G1
are observed and shown in Fig. 14 until Fig. 16.

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
time(1/100 s)
M
e
g
a

W
a
t
t

(
M
W
)
Electrical Power Transfer Level

dw PSS
MultiBand PSS
T1FLPSS
IT2FLPSS

Fig. 14 Electrical Power Transfer Response on Fault Cleared With
One Line Outage Simulation

598

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
time(1/100 s)
p
e
r

u
n
i
t

(
p
u
)
Voltage Output at G1

dw PSS
MB PSS
T1FLPSS
IT2FLPSS

Fig. 15 Voltage Output Response on Fault Cleared With One Line
Outage Simulation

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
time (1/100 s)
p
e
r

u
n
i
t

(
p
u
)
Power Armature at G1

dw PSS
MB PSS
T1FLPSS
IT2FLPSS

Fig. 16 Power Armature Response on Fault Cleared With One Line
Outage Simulation

To evaluate the overshoot value and settling time clearly,
the data of PSS performances are shown on Table IV and
Table V.

TABLE IV
FAULT NORMALLY CLEARED
Power
Transfer Level
Voltage
Output at G1
Armature Power
at G1
PSS
Type
overshoot Settling
time
overshoot Settling
time
overshoot Settling
time
dw PSS
137.27 3.54 0.1112 2.68 0.3322 2.98
MB PSS
158.6083 14.34 0.1360 2.40 0.3321 3.26
T1FLPSS
143.0345 5.88 0.1197 2.56 0.3257 3.14
T2FLPSS
126.3580 5.36 0.1056 2.31 0.3257 2.81

TABLE V
FAULT CLEARED WITH ONE LINE OUTAGE
Power Transfer
Level
Voltage
Output at G1
Armature Power
at G1
PSS
Type
overshoot Settling
time
overshoot Settling
time
overshoot Settling
time
dw PSS
74.7314 >20 0.1222 >20 0.3322 3.61
MB PSS
63.7735 10.42 0.1511 6.53 0.3321 3.20
T1FLPSS
71.2886 10.87 0.1346 9.29 0.3257 2.92
T2FLPSS
68.4138 8.07 0.1246 6.39 0.3257 2.75
V. CONCLUSION
The IT2FLPSS proposed in this paper has been verified by
means of digital simulations of a Kundur Test System in two
fault simulations. From the simulations IT2FLPSS shows
better performance than dw PSS, Multi Band PSS and
T1FLPSS. For power transfer response IT2FLPSS able to
return system to its stable points at 5.36 second with overshoot
value 126.35 MW in fault normally cleared simulation and it
achieves its new stable point at 8.07 second with overshoot
value 68.41 MW in fault cleared with one line outage.
For voltage output at G1 response IT2FLPSS able to return
system to its stable points at 2.31 second with overshoot value
0.1056 pu in fault normally cleared simulation and it achieves
its new stable point at 6.39 second with overshoot value
0.1246 in fault cleared with one line outage.
For armature power at G1 response IT2FLPSS able to
return system to its stable points at 2.81 second with overshoot
value 0.3257 pu in fault normally cleared simulation and it
achieves its new stable point at 2.75 second with overshoot
value 0.3257 in fault cleared with one line outage.

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599

LIST OF ABREVIATION
Abbreviation Contraction
IBN_UMF Input Big Negative Upper Membership Function
IBN_LMF Input Big Negative Lower Membership Function
IMN_UMF Input Medium Negative Upper Membership Function
IMN_LMF Input Medium Negative Lower Membership Function
ILN_UMF Input Low Negative Upper Membership Function
ILN_LMF Input Low Negative Lower Membership Function
IZ_UMF Input Zero Upper Membership Function
IZ_LMF Input Zero Lower Membership Function
ILP_UMF Input Low Positive Upper Membership Function
ILP_LMF Input Low Positive Lower Membership Function
IMP_UMF Input Medium Positive Upper Membership Function
IMP_LMF Input Medium Positive Lower Membership Function
IBP_UMF Input Big Positive Upper Membership Function
IBP_LMF Input Big Positive Lower Membership Function
OBN_UMF Output Big Negative Upper Membership Function
OBN_LMF Output Big Negative Lower Membership Function
OMN_UMF Output Medium Negative Upper Membership Function
OMN_LMF Output Medium Negative Lower Membership Function
OLN_UMF Output Low Negative Upper Membership Function
OLN_LMF Output Low Negative Lower Membership Function
OBZ_UMF Output Big Zero Upper Membership Function
OBZ_LMF Output Big Zero Lower Membership Function
OLZ_UMF Output Low Zero Upper Membership Function
OLZ_LMF Output Low Zero Lower Membership Function
OLP_UMF Output Low Positive Upper Membership Function
OLP_LMF Output Low Positive Lower Membership Function
OMP_UMF Output Medium Positive Upper Membership Function
OMP_LMF Output Medium Positive Lower Membership Function
OBP_UMF Output Big Positive Upper Membership Function
OBP_LMF Output Big Positive Lower Membership Function
BN Big Negative
MN Medium Negative
LN Low Negative
Z Zero
LP Low Positive
MP Medium Positive
BP Big Positive
BZ Big Zero
LZ Low Zero

600

Design of Interval Power System Stabilizer

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Design of Interval Power System Stabilizer

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AbstractThis paper presents the performance of an application

of latest development of type1 fuzzy logic which is interval type2

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