Professional Documents
Culture Documents
O and noise
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 31
Inlet
Inlet
(back pressure)
(back pressure)
THE PRESSURE AT THE OUTLET
OF A PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE.
Back Pressure
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 32
Discharge
Safety Valve
is Open and
Flowing
In
Built-Up Back Pressure
BP
BU
BP
BU
Built-Up BP is
caused by
pressure drop
in discharge
piping
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 33
Conventional
Spring Valve
Lift vs Built-Up Back Pressure
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Built-Up BP in % of Set Pressure
%
o
f
F
u
l
l
R
a
t
e
d
L
i
f
t
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 34
Conventional
Spring Valve
Balanced
Spring Valve
Lift vs Built-Up Back Pressure
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Correction factor (K
b
, K
w
)
Reduced Capacity
Built-Up BP in % of Set Pressure
%
o
f
F
u
l
l
R
a
t
e
d
L
i
f
t
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 35
Conventional
Spring Valve
Balanced
Spring Valve
Pilot Operated
Safety Valve
Lift vs Built-Up Back Pressure
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Built-Up BP in % of Set Pressure
%
o
f
F
u
l
l
R
a
t
e
d
L
i
f
t
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 36
Protected
Protected
System
System
PRV
(Closed)
Discharge
Header System
To Flare,
Recovery
System, or
Atmosphere
Possible Pressure Source
Possible Pressure Source
Possible Pressure Source
Constant Purge?
BP
S
Superimposed Back Pressure
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 37
Constant Back-Pressure
Constant Back-
Pressure
O valve discharge into a
system at a constant
pressure
O pump suction, steam
tank, ...
Always superimposed
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 38
Variable Superimposed BP
Variable Super-
Imposed
O valve discharge into a
system at a variable
pressure which exists
when valve is closed
O flare system, ...
Opened &
Flowing
Closed
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 39
Superimposed Backpressure
Exists even when the considered valve is
closed
O It can affect the set pressure of this valve
This valve may open at a pressure higher
than the design pressure of the equipment
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 40
Conventional Valve
L
L
Downwards spring
force (constant)
Fd = K / L
A
A
P
P
Upwards fluid force
(variable)
Fu = P x A
Set : Fd = Fu
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 41
Conventional Valve
L
L
Superimposed BP
adds itself to the
spring force:
Fd = K / L + BPxA
A
A
P
P
Actual Set:
Spring set + BP
Set : Fd = Fu
(Fu = P x A)
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 42
Superimposed Variable BP
Effects
O Desired set pressure = 10 barg
Superimposed variable BP = 0.5 to 2.0 barg
Cold Set Pressure = ???
The valve will open between 10.5 to 12.0 barg
O Safety valve shall not open at a pressure higher
than the MAP or PS ( design pressure)
If MAP < Cold Set + BP
Conventional valve cannot be used, even if
superimposed variable BP < 10% set
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 43
Balanced Bellows Safety Valve
The Balanced Bellows
O isolates top side of disc for
Back-P
O isolates spring and guide
from outlet environment
Typically, this type of
valve can be used:
O Any backpressure up to
50% of set
absolute value of BP
Reduced capacity
Check with
manufacturer
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 44
Pilot Operated Safety Valves
Main valve piston
inherently balanced
against backpressure
O Theoretically no limit on
backpressure
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 45
Back-Flow Preventer
If BP > PS
back-flow may occur
O Flare system:
start-up of
installation
valves with different
sets
O vacuum in process
BP
PS
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 46
Back-Flow Preventer
If BP > PS
back-flow may occur
O Flare system:
start-up of
installation
valves with different
sets
O vacuum in process
BP
PS
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 47
Backflow
Preventer
P
P
1 1
P
2
P
2
P
P
2 2
> P
> P
1 1
Back-Flow Preventer (POSV)
Copyright 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved 48