1. The document provides procedures for measuring capacitance and tan δ of various objects in a 400 kV switchyard using a C/Tanδ kit. It describes the measurement process for transformers, reactors, current transformers, CB grading capacitors, and CVTs.
2. For each object, it specifies the connection mode, precautions, and which insulation qualities are normally checked such as between bushing conductors and taps, primary/secondary windings, and objects and tanks.
3. It notes that manual C/Tanδ kits without interference suppressors have limited application in switchyards due to interference, and an interference suppressor would be helpful to cancel currents injected through air from high potential lines
1. The document provides procedures for measuring capacitance and tan δ of various objects in a 400 kV switchyard using a C/Tanδ kit. It describes the measurement process for transformers, reactors, current transformers, CB grading capacitors, and CVTs.
2. For each object, it specifies the connection mode, precautions, and which insulation qualities are normally checked such as between bushing conductors and taps, primary/secondary windings, and objects and tanks.
3. It notes that manual C/Tanδ kits without interference suppressors have limited application in switchyards due to interference, and an interference suppressor would be helpful to cancel currents injected through air from high potential lines
1. The document provides procedures for measuring capacitance and tan δ of various objects in a 400 kV switchyard using a C/Tanδ kit. It describes the measurement process for transformers, reactors, current transformers, CB grading capacitors, and CVTs.
2. For each object, it specifies the connection mode, precautions, and which insulation qualities are normally checked such as between bushing conductors and taps, primary/secondary windings, and objects and tanks.
3. It notes that manual C/Tanδ kits without interference suppressors have limited application in switchyards due to interference, and an interference suppressor would be helpful to cancel currents injected through air from high potential lines
PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING CAPACITANCE & TAN OF DIFFERENT
OBJECTS IN 400 kV SWITCHYARD, USING C/ TANDELTA KIT
Abbreviation
High Voltage Terminal of Power Supply HIGH Low Terminal of Power Supply LOW Ground Terminal of the Power Supply GND High Voltage Terminal of Test object / Primary of Transformer or Reactor HV Intermediate Terminal of the Autotransformer IV Low Voltage Terminal of the Transformer / Secondary winding LV Ungrounded Specimen Test UST Grounded Specimen Test by guarding Test Object Capacitance GSTg Capacitance C Bushing Main Capacitance C1 Capacitance between Bushing Tan tap and Ground C2
I. Measurement on Transformers / Reactors:
Different Types of Transformers, used in Transmission are. 1. 3 Phase, 3 winding Transformers Contains Primary, Secondary Tertiary 2. 3 Phase, 2 Winding Transformers Contains Primary, Secondary 3. 3 Phase, Autotransformers Contains Primary, IV, LV, Tertiary 4. 1 Phase, 3 winding Transformers Contains Primary, Secondary Tertiary 5. 1 Phase, 2 Winding Transformers Contains Primary, Secondary 6. 1 Phase, Autotransformers Contains Primary, IV, LV, Tertiary Different Types of Reactors in Transmission are 1. 3 Phase Reactors 2. Single Phase Reactors
Insulation quality normally to be checked is between
1. Bushing Conductor and tan tap. 2. Primary and Secondary (HV LV) 3. Primary/ IV and Secondary HV+IV- LV 4. Primary and Tank ( HV Tank) 5. Primary to Tertiary (HV Tertiary) ; in case of 3 winding transformers 6. Secondary and Tank ( LV Tank) 7. Secondary to Tertiary ( LV- Tertiary) 8. Tertiary To Tank The tank is at Ground Potential.
Preparation:
1. Remove earth connection to Neutral point of Primary. 2. Short all HV Bushing terminals together with the neutral bushing. (Also I V Bushing terminals incase of Autotransformers) 3. Short all LV bushing terminal together. 4. Short all Tertiary Terminals (in case of 3 winding transformers) Measures C & Tan of Connection Mode Selected in Instrument Precautions / Note Bushing (C1)
1, HIGH to HV; 2. LOW to tan tap of corresponding busing 3. GND to tank UST Keep tan tap closed for the bushings which are not selected for measurement,
Bushing (C2)
1, HIGH to tan tap; 2. LOW not connected. 3. GND to tank GSTg Apply max of 500 V HV - LV 1, HIGH to HV; 2. LOW to LV 3. GND to tank UST Connect Tertiary to Ground HV- Tertiary 1, HIGH to HV; 2. LOW to Tertiary 3. GND to tank UST Remove ground connection to Tertiary and ground LV HV- Tank 1, HIGH to HV; 2. LOW to LV and Tertiary shorted together 3. GND to tank GSTg Remove ground connection to Tertiary and LV LV-Tank 1, HIGH to LV; 2. LOW to HV and Tertiary shorted together 3. GND to tank GSTg Remove ground connection to Tertiary and HV Tertiary Tank 1, HIGH to Tertiary; 2. LOW to HV and LV shorted together 3. GND to tank GSTg Remove ground connection to Tertiary and HV
Measurement on Reactors:
Preparation
1. Remove earth connection to Neutral point of Primary. 2. Short all HV Bushing terminals together with the neutral bushing.
Measurement on bushing of reactors is as mentioned in Transformer section. The only other measurement is with respect to tank; The procedure is as mentioned above
II. Current Transformers.
In case of CTs the insulation quality normally to be checked is 1. For CT Bushing 2. CT Primary to tank Measuring tan of CT bushing alone is possible only if tan tap of CT is accessible. If tan tap not accessible, then only Primary to tank measurement is possible. Also this can judge the quality of CT, as Bushing insulation contributes the major part in the total tan value.
Preparation 1. Access the tan tap of the bushing and remove it from ground. 2. Short all secondary terminals and connect to ground. 3. Open the earth switch on CT side as well as bus side
Measures C & Tan of Connection Mode Selected in Instrument Precautions / Note CT Bushing
1, HIGH to Primary; 2. LOW to tan tap. 3. GND to tank UST Primary to Tank 1, HIGH to Primary; 2. LOW not connected 3. GND to tank GSTg Closing the earth switch on Bus side reduces interference. *However Series combination of 2 CB capacitance will get selected parallel. *It is to be noted that in 400 kV transmission systems, normally grading capacitor will also placed beside the CT. That means CT and CB on CT side has common terminal. In such cases a simple connection is enough to make measurement on CT as well as two numbers CBs at once.
III. CB Grading capacitors
Measures C & Tan of Connection Mode Selected in Instrument Precautions / Note CB Grading Capacitor of CT Side
1, HIGH to Primary of CT; 2. LOW to Centre of the double interrupter 3. GND to tank UST Open earth switch on CT side and close earth switch on Bus side. CB Grading Capacitor of Bus Side
1, HIGH to 4 inch IPS of the CT on bus side; 2. LOW to Centre of the double interrupter 3. GND to tank UST Open earth switch on bus side and close earth switch on CT side
IV. Measurement on CVT
In CVT capacitance tan of individual stack can be measured by applying voltage between the corresponding terminals. For measurement on whole CVT it is the required to open the HF point and tan point from ground. Here under is the procedure for measuring C & tan of whole CVT
Preparation 1. Short all secondary terminals and connect to ground. 2. Open HF Point from ground. 3. Open Tan tap of the CVT from ground if accessible
Measures C & Tan of Connection Mode Selected in Instrument Precautions / Note CVT capacitance
1, HIGH to HV; 2. LOW to Tan tap. 3. GND to tank UST If Tan tap is open-able. CVT capacitance
1, HIGH to HV; 2. LOW to not connected 3. GND to tank GSTg If Tan tap and HF point is not open-able.
The procedures of measuring C / Tan on various test objects in energized 400 kV Substation was probably first illustrated in India by earlier Tettex Representatives. This was carried out at Power Grid 400 kV Jabalpur Substation during 1998.
During same demonstration the usage of Manual Tan kit (Tettex / L&T make C & Tan instruments type 2805/ 5281) was also illustrated. It is to be noted that model 2805/ 5281 has highest tan resolution of 0.000002. This resolution is achieved by increased measuring sensitivity. While the modern instruments provide tan resolution of 0.0001, which is also the present required specification. Hence while using manual C, tan kits, it is recommended that, the sensitivity can be kept to the prevailing condition to achieve the resolution, and not to increase the unwanted signals (e.g. Interference Current). The user manual of measuring bridge 2805 mentions the same in its page.
However the observation is that Manual Capacitance and Tan Kit without Interference Suppressor has limited applications in substations. Even, there is a provision (Mains / Commutator modes) for canceling the errors occurred due to interference current; the system is ineffective under high interference prone switchyards. A manual Interference suppressor that cancels the interference current will be handy to use with such manual kits. This Suppressor cancels the current injected to the test object through air capacitor from High Tension (HT) lines and nearby High Penitential points of Switchyard.