C: max.

0,03
Mn: 2,0
Cr: 16,5 - 18,5
Ni: 10,5 - 12,0
Mo: 2,0 - 2,5

1.4404
X2CrNiMo 17-12-2

1.4404

Stainless austenitic, chromium nickel molyb-
denum steel with low carbon content

Relevant current and obsolete standards:
EN 10088-3 : 1.4404 X2CrNiMo 17-12-2
AISI : 316 L
UNS : S 31603
BS : 316 S 11
JIS : SUS 316 L
AFNOR : Z3CND17-11-02/
Z3CND 17-12-02
DIN 17440 : 1.4404
SIS : 2347 and 2348
Special grades for particular applications
- fine wire grade
- extreme fine wire grade
- cold heading grade: DIN EN 10263-5
- improved machining grade: NIRO-CUT

4404
- drawing grade
General properties
- corrosion resistance : very good
- mechanical properties : average
- forgeability : good
- weldability : excellent
- machinability : average
Special properties
- non-magnetic grade (m
r
1,3)
- suited to cryogenic applications
- Suitable for use up to 700C

Physical Properties
- density (kg/dm
3
) : 7,98
- electrical resistivity
at 20C (W mm
2
/m) : 0,75
- magnetisability : slight
- thermal conductivity
at 20C (W/m K) : 15
- specific heat capacity
at 20C (J/kg K) : 500
- thermal expansion
(10
-6
K
-1
) between
20 and 100C : 16,0
20 and 200C : 16,5
20 and 300C : 17,0
20 and 400C : 17,5
20 and 500C : 18,0


Typical applications
- automotive industry
- construction industry
- chemical industry
- decorative applications and kitchen fittings
- food and beverage industries
- mechanical engineering
- aerospace applications
- medical and pharmaceutical applications

Hint - additional information on the machi
nability of this grade of stainless steel can
be found in the brochure entitled NIRO-
CUT

.
- available from stock
- supplied in accordance with the Z-30.
3-6 building regulation

Processing properties
- automated machining : yes
- machinable : yes
- hammer and die forging : yes
- cold forming : yes
- cold heading : yes
- suited to polishing : yes

Finished product forms and conditions
wire rod
peeled bars 20 - 80
bright bar h9, 2 80
black bar 20 80
bright coils h9, 0,8 - 20
solution annealed and quenched
direct quenched
pickled
drawn
straightened
peeled
ground

Demand tendency







Revision No. 4404-0
Created: 7.04.2000




Properties, applications and processing

Corrosion resistance (PRE = 23.1 to 28.5)
Due to the addition of between 2 and 3% molyb-
denum, the corrosion resistance of 1.4404 is
significantly better than that of 1.4301 and
1.4307, especially in chloride containing envi-
ronments.
1.4404 displays excellent resistance to corrosion
in most natural waters and atmospheres (urban,
rural and industrial), provided the chloride and
salt concentrations are low to moderate. Resis-
tance to reducing acids is restricted to low con-
centrations at low temperatures.

Due to its low carbon content, 1.4404 is resistant
to intergranular corrosion even after welding.
Please note that 1.4404 is not resistant to sea
water.

Heat treatment / mechanical properties
Optimal mechanical and fabrication properties
are realised after solution annealing in the tem-
perature range 1020 - 1120C followed by rapid
cooling in air or water.
In the solution annealed condition, the following
mechanical properties may be attained when
testing in the longitudinal direction:

Property Specification Typical
- yield strength (N/mm
2
) Rp0,2 : 200 360
- tensile strength (N/mm
2
) Rm : 500 700 660
- tensile elongation (%) A5 : 40 48
- hardness HB : 215 200
- impact energy (J) @ 25C ISO-V : 100 220

Elevated temperature properties
The following minimum tensile properties at vari-
ous temperatures are specified in the EN 10088-
3 : 1995 standard.










75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
6
0
0
Test temperature ( C)
M
i
n
i
m
u
m

p
r
o
o
f

s
t
r
e
s
s

(
N
/
m
m
2
)
1% proof stress
0.2% proof stress










Weldability
1.4404 is readily weldable using all welding proc-
esses. Should a filler material be
required, Novonit

4430, can be used. Maxi-

mum interpass temperature during welding is
150C.
Heat treatment after welding is not necessary,
and even large sections are resistant to intercrys-
talline corrosion after welding, due to the low
carbon content.

Forging
Work pieces are usually pre-heated to between
1150 - 1180C with forging taking place between
1180 und 950C. After forging, the forged com-
ponent must be rapidly cooled in either air or
water to avoid the formation of any undesirable
phases which might adversely affect the corro-
sion and/or mechanical properties.

Machining
The machinability of NIRO-CUT

4404 is better
than that of NIRO-CUT

4401 as a result of its

lower carbon content. The absence of titanium
stabilisation also makes 1.4404 far more machi-
nable than the titanium stabilised 1.4571 grade.
The following machining parameters can be used
as a guideline when machining NIRO-CUT

4404
using a coated hard metal cutting tool.

Tensile strengths
Depth of cut (mm)
Feed rate (mm/rev)
Rm in N/mm
2
6 mm
0,5 mm/r
3 mm
0,4 mm/r
1 mm
0,2 mm/r
solution annealed
(550 - 620)


135 m/min


170 m/min


215 m/min


General comments
Due to advances in the production of stainless
steels, namely reduction of the carbon content to
very low levels, 1.4404 has all but replaced the
titanium stabilised 1.4571 grades. 1.4404 is just
as resistant to intercrystalline corrosion as the
titanium grades and does not suffer from knife-
line corrosion. 1.4404 also has a much better
surface finish that the titanium stabilised grade
and can be readily mechanically and electro-
polished. Due to the absence of titanium addi-
tions and the resulting hard precipitates, 1.4307
is much more machinable than 1.4541 which
allows higher cutting speeds and results in longer
tool life.
Revision No. 4404-0
Created: 7.04.2000