SOLAR ENERGY FOR DOMESTIC DRINKING WATER

1.
Raju Vishwakarma

.
!rakash Tiwari "

#.
Y$%&'(ra Ni%am
1.
Design Engineer, Crompton Greaves Ltd., LMGP, Mandideep Bhopal
" #.
M.Tech. Student (PT, Department o! Mechanical Engg, B"#T, Bhopal
A)s*ra+*
This paper consists o! a proposed solar $ater pumping s%stem !or a single stor%
house. The proposed s%stem $ill &e used to pump government's suppl% $ater stored in an
under(ground $ater storage tan) to overhead drin)ing $ater storage tan) o! a single stor%
house. The pump $ill get the po$er &% a solar panel. Solar energ% is the &est rene$a&le
source o! energ%. Solar panel converts solar energ% to solar po$er. This solar $ater
pumping s%stem is proposed $ithout &atter% &ac)up that $ill reduce the initial cost. DC
pump is proposed &ecause DC pumps uses one third to one hal! the energ% o! a
conventional *C pump this $ill reduce po$er consumption. The motive o! this stud% is to
reduce the initial cost o! solar pumping s%stem and to utili+e solar energ% to run pump
$hich !urther results in reduction o! electricit% &ills.
,e% $ords- Governments $ater suppl%, solar $ater pumping s%stem
1., I'*r$(u+*i$'
.ater is the most precious thing in the $orld. Ever% living creature re/uires $ater !or
survival. #n #ndia underground $ater level is going do$n rapidl% due to unnecessar% use o!
!resh $ater. #ndia is developing countr% so due to !ast rate o! development in in!rastructure
and industrial sector the consumption o! $ater is heavil% increased. That's $h% in all o! the
ma0or #ndian cities the ma0or part o! the population depends on government's $ater suppl%.
.e )no$ that ground $ater level o! #ndore cit% is not as much as re/uired so 123 o! the
population depends on government's $ater suppl%. Government supplies the $ater !or
appro4imatel% 5( 6 hours in morning or evening or &oth in morning and evening. .e can
connect a centri!ugal pump to ta)e that $ater to our storage tan). * !amil% o! 6 mem&ers
needs appro4imatel% 522 liters o! $ater !or 5 da%s or more da%s depending upon the $ater
consumption ha&its !or drin)ing and coo)ing purposes. #n #ndore cit% sun is availa&le
appro4imatel% !or 723 da%s in a %ear. Solar energ% is the most popular and e!!icient
source o! rene$a&le energ%. Solar energ% is !ar more relia&le than an% other source o!
energ%. This energ% is easil% availa&le across the countr%. This energ% can &e harnessed &%
di!!erent means. 8ne o! the most important $a%s o! harnessing solar energ%
is via solar $ater pump. #ndia receives average solar radiation o! 9.9)$h:s/.m per da%. .e
can utili+e solar energ% to pump the $ater !rom governments suppl% to our overhead
drin)a&le $ater storage tan). * solar panel o! 52 $atts and a ;6.9 $att, ;5< DC
centri!ugal pump can do the re/uired 0o&. 8ne time investment and $e $ill get li!etime
service. This paper descri&es a solar po$ered $ater pumping s%stem. This paper includes a
preliminar% design o! the solar po$ered $ater pump s%stem.
., M&*h$($-$%.
8ur motto is to !ill the 522 litres $ater storage tan) placed at a vertical height o! ;9 !oot
!rom the ground. .e have to drive a centri!ugal pump !or that $e need solar po$er.
Conversion o! solar energ% into electricit% gives us solar po$er. .hen solar cell is e4posed
to light, electron(hole pairs are generated in proportion to the intensit% o! the light. P(t%pe
and n(t%pe semiconductors are used !or ma)ing solar cell. *s the solar cell e4posed to light
the negativel% charged electrons move to the n(t%pe semiconductor $hile the positivel%
charged holes move to the p(t%pe semiconductor. The% then moves to$ards their
respective electrodes. To get electric po$er the electrodes are connected &% a $ire and as a
result current !lo$s. #t ta)es no time to give us the po$er output &ecause solar energ% is
read% source o! energ%. The electric po$er is used to drive a centri!ugal pump.
The $ater !rom the government's $ater suppl% is !irst stored in underground $ater tan).
The pump suc)s the $ater !rom underground $ater storage tan) and delivers the $ater at
the top o! the overhead $ater storage tan). =or this $e have to design the s%stem. The
design must &e simple, relia&le, dura&le and !le4i&le and can &e easil% used.
#., E/0&rim&'*s Fig.3.1 Solar water pump system
#.1 C$m0$'&'*s $1 *h& s.s*&m ar&
;. Solar panel,
5. <oltage controller,
>. Centri!ugal pump.
6. Support structure,
9. Trac)ing s%stem,
7. =oundations,
?. Electrical connections,
1. Earthing )it,
@. .ater piping.
;. Solar Panel- Solar panel is the main component in this s%stem. #t converts solar energ% into
electric po$er. .e are using a CEL's Solar Photovoltaic Modules, t%pe PM>2 a >2 $att solar
panel so that pump can get the re/uired voltage and $e can get ma4imum discharge.
5. <oltage Controller- The &righter the sunlight, the more voltage the solar cells produce, the
e4cessive voltage could damage the centri!ugal pump that's $h% a voltage controller is used
to maintain the proper voltage.
>. Centri!ugal Pump- DC po$er is directl% produced &% solar panels and this po$er is used to
run centri!ugal pumps. T8PS=L8 (TL( B26:S Pump is selected. #t is a DC Centri!ugal
pump. #t gives a ma4imum discharge o! ?litres:minute. This pump is small and compact and
easil% porta&le. Lo$ or no maintenance is to &e done. Pump is placed at the ground level.
6. Support structure- .e need a unshaded roo! so that ma4imum solar energ% can &e
harnessed. The panels $ill &e positioned on the roo! o! the house in such a !ashion that the%
$ill get !ull e4posure to the sun. The panel $ill &e mounted on a support structure. .e have
to tilt the panel at an angle ;9A( 69A
9. Trac)ing s%stem- There ma% &e !luctuation in solar po$er as the sun moves !rom east to
$est .this results in !luctuation in !lo$ rate. To minimi+e this tendenc% $e can install trac)ers
to redirect the solar panel in the direction o! sun $hich $ill result in increase in po$er.
7. =oundations- =oundations are made to support the support structure.
?. Electrical connections- Electrical connections should &e made properl% and the ca&les
must &e o! appropriate si+es.
1. Earthing )it- To protect the solar panel !rom short(circuit in case o! lightening an
earthening )it is used.
@. .ater piping- Piping is re/uired to connect underground $ater storage tan) and pump and
then pump to the overhead drin)ing $ater storage tan). Bo$ a da%s Pol%eth%lene pipe are
$idel% used to transport the $ater. The% are dura&le, !le4i&le and can &ear e4treme $ater
pressures and environmental conditions. .e $ill use pol%eth%lene pipe to transport $ater
!rom underground $ater storage tan) to overhead $ater storage tan).
2., O)s&r3a*i$'
2.1 S$-ar !a'&-
Ma4imum po$er rating >2 $att
Minimum po$er rating 51 $att
Cated current ;.15a
Cated voltage ;7.9v
2. C&'*ri1u%a- !um0

Po$er ;6.9 $atts
<oltage ;5v
8perating current ;.5a
Ma4imum discharge 1 litres:min
Minimum discharge ;litre:min
Total head ;9 !eet
Time to !ill 522 litre tan) 522 minutes
4., R&su-*
.e can store 522 litres $ater in an overhead storage tan) $ith a !lo$ rate o! ; litre:minute
in appro4imatel% 522 minutes &% using a solar panel o! >2 $atts and pump o! ;6.9 $atts.
5., Dis+ussi$'
;. .h% onl% 522 litresD
Ceason( Because 522 litres o! $ater are su!!icient !or >(? da%s o! drin)ing and coo)ing
purposes !or a !amil% o! 6 mem&ers.
5. .h% solar panel o! onl% >2 $atts is used.
Ceason( to minimi+e the initial cost o! the s%stem and $e need onl% ;6.9 $att po$er.
>. .h% dc centri!ugal pumpD
Ceason( &ecause it can $or) directl% on the output o! solar panel. .e need inverter i! $e
have to use ac pump that $ill increase the cost o! the s%stem.
6. .h% this s%stem is &atter% lessD
.e have to store onl% 522 litres o! $ater and no need o! &atter% &ac)up !or this.
6., C$'+-usi$'
This paper descri&ed solar po$ered $ater pump s%stem. Components re/uired !or the s%stem
are Solar panel, <oltage controller, Centri!ugal pump, Support structure, Trac)ing s%stem,
=oundation material, Electrical $ires, Earthing )it, .ater piping. The pump selected !or the
stud% is the T8PS=L8 (TL( B26:S DC Centri!ugal pump. This pump can give a ma4imum
!lo$ rate 1litres:min at appro4imatel% ;6.9 $atts o! po$er. #t $ill &e )ept on ground level
and $ill pump the $ater up to a $ater storage tan) appro4imatel% $hich is at a height o! ;9
!eet !rom ground.
7., R&1&r&'+&s8
E;F GTops!lo Pumping S%stem.G Tops!loService #nstructions.
H$$$.topstec.comI
E5F Tops!lo Product Guide.
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E>F Central electronics limited in!ormation &rochure o! solar photovoltaic panels.
E6F =ree solar energ% &oo)
E9F =undamentals 8! Cene$a&le Energ% Sources &% G B Ti$ari Jphotovoltaic s%stemK E7F
Conventional and non(conventional energ% sources &% Lassan and sa%eed
E?F Solar Photovoltaic Devices and S%stems &% D Mu)ar0ee
E1F .e&sites o! Bureau o! Energ% E!!icienc%, Ministr% o! Po$er, Be$ Delhi.