Coordinated control strategy for

UPQC and its verification

This paper researches profoundly on the coordinated control of UPQC (unified power
quality conditioner). By analyzing the radical reasons of coupling effect
between UPQC series unit and shunt unit, a simple and practical
coordinated control strategy for UPQC series unit and shunt unit is proposed, i.e. by
introducing corresponding voltage corrective link directly to UPQC series unit and shunt
unit respectively, and by suitable mode of PWM in addition, the coupling effect between
its series unit and shunt unit is eliminated fully. Therefore, the complex degree of the
whole UPQC control system is simplified greatly. Combined with a power quality
waveform tracking method based on H
infin
control, the
coordinated control between UPQC series unit and shunt unit is implemented by the
proposedstrategy. The experimental results indicate that the method can eliminate the
steady-state phase shift and amplitude attenuation of the voltage tracking compensation
of series unit and the current tracking compensation of shunt unit for UPQC. Finally, the
unified power quality multi-function control of UPQCis achieved
Wavelet Based Control Strategy for
UPQC Control System Used for
Mitigating Voltage Sag
This paper proposes a new control technique based on wavelet transform
decomposition for unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) control system in order to
compensate voltage sag. The new controltechnique extracts the reference voltages so
fast; therefore, system voltages can be compensated fast and effectively and so, the
injected voltages by series active filter decreases significantly. This controltechnique is
used for estimating phase angle of voltages in a new control strategy which is designed
to eliminate the harmonics and unsymmetrical components as well. Analyzing the
new control technique as well as simulation results for mitigating voltage sag is
presented to validate the control strategy. Comparison the technique with
FFT control technique shows that the proposed control technique estimates the phase
angle and amplitude of the system voltages faster than FFT algorithm and the
compensation limits can be developed specially in the case of large phase angle jump
caused by system faults
Comparative evaluation of
performance of different control
strategies on UPQC connected
distribution system
This paper presents a comparative analysis of steady state behaviour of UPQC with
three differentcontrol techniques, when connected to a distribution system to protect
sensitive loads against power quality problems. The control strategies based only on
hysteresis, SPWM and a combination of both forcontrolling the firing pulses of shunt and
series APFs of UPQC are discussed. In common, PI control is used for maintaining DC
link voltage. PSCAD/EMTDC is used to model the UPQC connected to a RL load. The
simulated model is tested with all the three control strategies and the results are verified
for voltage sag and swell compensation. A comparison is made between
the control schemes, taking in account of the current through shunt APF and current at
the point of common coupling (PCC). The results are appreciable when hysteresis
type control is applied to shunt APF and SPWM control to series APF.
A new control strategy for three-
phase four-wire UPQC when voltage
fluctuating on its DC side
As comprehensive equipment compensating for power quality, when the three-phase
four-wire UPQCworks under unbalance and nonlinear conditions, its supply voltage and
load current would be unbalance and distortion. Such characteristics of the supply
voltage come from the power grid voltage changes, in contrast, that of the load current
are subject to changes in the load, which mean that both of them are uncertainty and
non-relevance, and lead to the voltage fluctuations on DC side. These fluctuations will
directly affect the series and parallel converters of UPQC transforming normally. In this
paper, causes and the inevitability of fluctuation of voltage on DC side are discussed in
detail, considering the three-phase four-wire UPQC are working on its stable state when
the supply voltage and load current are unbalance and distort. In order to eliminate the
affect of voltage fluctuations on DC side on the series and parallel converter, the
concept of DC voltage regulation coefficient was proposed, which then used as a
suppression measures of voltage fluctuation on DC side in the direct
current control strategy with load voltage feedforward for parallel converter and the
double-closed-loopcontrol strategy for serial converter. Experimental results show that
using these control strategy, can inhibit the impact of voltage fluctuations on DC side on
the series and parallel compensator. Compared with the control strategy without the DC
voltage regulation coefficient, UPQC compensation performance has been improved,
indicating that the control strategies are effective.
ADALINE based control strategy for
three-phase three-wire UPQC system
Adaptive linear neuron (ADALINE) is a powerful estimation technique that has been
used in power system applications, such as fault detection and classification, and shunt
active power filter (APF). In this paper, an ADALINE based approach for control of three-
phase three-wire unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is presented. Two ADALINEs
are used in the UPQC control strategy, one for load current fundamental extraction, and
other for supply voltage fundamental extraction. The proposed method is evaluated
through simulation studies in Matlab/Simulink environment. The ADALINE
basedUPQC is validated under several operating conditions. It is found that
the UPQC can compensate for power quality issues, such as supply voltage harmonics,
voltage sag and swell, load current harmonics, and load reactive power.
Design of a Discrete-Time Linear
Control Strategy for a Multicell UPQC
A discrete-time linear control strategy for a multilevel three-phase unified power quality
conditioner (UPQC) based on single-phase power cells is presented. The multi-variable,
nonlinear, and coupled features of these topologies make the control strategy design a
difficult task. Controlling this kind of system with single-variable linear controllers-as
proposed in this work-presents significant advantages compared with other approaches
as simplicity in the design steps due to the large amount of tools developed for this kind
of schemes. Particularly, a classic design method based on the root locus approach is
used to choose the controllers parameters in order to achieve a given dynamical
behavior. Compensation of reactive power and fundamental frequency disturbances is
presented in this paper as part of a general control strategy for multilevel active power
filters. The proposed control strategy is implemented on the TMS320C6713 DSP-based
system for a low-power laboratory prototype, and thus the controllers design is carried
out on the discrete-time and -frequency domain. Also, due to the inherent asymmetries
among the power cells in a modular topology, a dedicated local control strategy is
proposed to ensure a symmetrical distribution of the power among the power cells. This
feature allows the semiconductor devices of each module to operate under the same
voltage and current ratings. Simulated and experimental results showing stationary and
transient conditions demonstrate the feasibility of the control scheme.
A Control Strategy to Eliminate
Interaction between the Series and
Parallel Compensator of UPQC
Firstly, the reasons of the interaction between series and parallel compensator
of UPQC on account of external electric connection were analyzed in detail, based on
that, basic undertakings to cancel the interaction were presented in order to
increase control accuracy and decrease steady-state error. Next, the
indirect control strategy of three-phase wire UPQC in d-q-0 coordinates was discussed
in detail. In order to eliminate the interaction existing in series and parallel side, a two-
closed-loop with voltage feed forward control scheme was presented for series
compensator and a load voltage feed forward with state discoupling control strategy for
shunt compensator. A principle analysis of the proposed controlstrategy was described
in particular. Then the simulation waveforms when source voltage were unbalance and
load current were inductive were gave out. The simulation result shows
that UPQCefficiently carry out its compensation function while adopting the
proposed control strategy.
A novel control strategy for unified
power quality conditioner (UPQC)
This paper presents a novel and easy to implement control strategy for unified power
quality conditioner (UPQC). This control strategy is usable in three-phase three-wire
utilities. The control strategy of parallel active filter (PAF) is based on combination of
extended p-q theory and instantaneous symmetrical components theory while
the control circuit of series active filter (SAF) is based on instantaneous symmetrical
components theory. The problem of generating three phase imbalance reference
currents of extended p-q theory has been solved. Operation of PAF using this method
compensates for reactive power, current harmonics and imbalance currents while
operation of SAF compensates for voltage imbalance and voltage harmonics. The
operation of control circuit is explained using analytical analysis. The validity of operation
of control strategy is studied through simulation results.
A New Control Strategy of UPQC in
Three-phase Four-wire System
This paper introduces the p-q-r instantaneous power theory firstly, and then an improved
p-q-r theory is proposed. Based on this theory, it presents a
composite control strategy of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), which is the
combination of the ordinary direct and indirect control strategy. An algorithm of
calculating the compensation current and the compensation voltage are introduced. A
principle analysis of the proposed control strategy is described in particular. Meanwhile
the controlformulas on the p-q-r coordinate are deduced in detail. The control schematic
diagram based on these formulas is presented. Simulation results show that, when
the UPQC applying such control strategy is used for the compensation of the nonlinear
and unbalance three-phase four-wire system, the harmonic current, reactive power of
loads as well as neutral current are compensated well, load voltage get balanced and
rated, power factor of power source is about unity, which verified the effectiveness of
applying such control strategy in UPQC.
Online Wavelet Transform-Based
Control Strategy for UPQC Control
System
In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to estimate amplitude and phase angle (and
frequency) of load currents and source voltages in the presence of harmonics and
frequency oscillation. Moreover, a comprehensive control strategy is introduced to
extract the compensating signals for the control of series and shunt converters of the
unified power-quality conditioner (UPQC). The basic approach used in this algorithm is
to extract the fundamental component of load current and source voltage by using
wavelet-transform decomposition. Then, the amplitude, phase angle, and frequency of
fundamental component are calculated using the well-known LS algorithm, which is
relatively simple and fast. The voltage and current references of UPQC active power
filters are obtained using the positive sequence of three-phase system voltages and load
currents. The proposed control strategy can extract the reference currents and voltages
of UPQC fast and accurately in the presence of harmonics and/or frequency oscillation.
Simulation results have been presented to show improvement of the UPQCperformance
in the presence of frequency and amplitude variation condition and various forms of
current and voltage distortion
A new control strategy for three-
phase four-wire UPQC with zero
steady-state error
For UPQC, when source voltage or load current are unbalance or distort, conventional
proportional-integral controller on the p-q-r axis can not eliminate steady-state error. To
solve this question, an AC equivalent proportional-integral controller in p-q-r axis was
proposed. Its principle of eliminating steady-state error to zero was analyzed and a
new control strategy by using of it was presented. A principle analysis of the
proposed control strategy is described in particular. Meanwhile the control formulas on
the improved p-q-r coordinate are deduced in detail. The control schematic diagram
based on these formulas is presented. Experiment result shows that UPQC efficiently
carry out its compensation function while adopting the proposed control strategy.
A nonlinear control strategy for
UPQC
This paper presents a nonlinear control strategy for unified power quality
conditioner(UPQC) with better stability and dynamic performance in comparison with
PI control and classical decoupled strategy. The analysis is based on the rotating
reference frame, and the nonlinear property of UPQC mode is partly dealt through the
exact linearization via feedback. The operation of control circuit has been explained
using MATLAB software and simulation. The validity of control strategy is studied
through simulation results.
A Novel Control Strategy for UPQC
UPQC is the powerful tool to settle the power quality problem. This paper presents a
novel controlstrategy of UPQC. It can be used in the system that voltage and current are
unbalanced or/and with harmonics. Only the voltages and the currents measured are
used in the control, it avoids the transformation like Park transformation of dq0 theory
which is based on the instantaneous reactive theory. Simulation results show the validity
and correctness of the control strategy, it is a robust method which can compensate the
voltage, current and reactive power simultaneously
A direct control strategy for UPQC in
three-phase four-wire system
Based on the p-q-r theory, this paper presents a direct control strategy of unified power
quality conditioner (UPQC) used in the nonlinear and unbalance three-phase four-wire
system. A algorithm of calculating the series compensation current and shunt
compensation voltage in the proposed system is introduced. An analysis of the
proposed control strategy and its schematic diagram is described in particular.
Simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK show that the harmonic current, reactive
power of load as well as neutral current are compensated well when unbalance and
nonlinear occur in load current or unbalance and sag in source voltage, load voltage get
balanced and rated and power factor of power source is about unity
Analysis and Research of Control
Strategy and Signal Detection Based
on UPQC
In this paper, the main circuit structure with series dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and
shunt active power filter (APF) of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is taken as
the research object. According to its fundament component of steady-state equivalent
circuit the phasor representation in voltage changing is shown. The optimum angle
voltage injection of DVR is proposed by the principle of main circuit minimum total
capacity. The output compensation voltage of UPQC is given according to optimum
angle voltage injection on minimum total capacity. The initial phase of fundament
component of source phase voltage and phase angle jump are based on the
instantaneous reactive power and soft phase locked loop (SPLL) theory. The harmonic
current is compensated by using self-adaptive fuzzycontrol technology which can
improve harmonic current detection method on the shunt inverter. The experiment
results are provided in order to verify the rationality of this control strategy.
Optimal control strategy of UPQC for
minimum operational losses
The paper deals with a new control technique for a unified power quality conditioner
(UPQC), which is the most comprehensive of FACTS devices. The problems of power
quality continue to gain in significance because of the proliferation of sensitive and
harmonic producing loads in electrical networks. Greater awareness among customers
with regard to supply integrity and a desire by suppliers to be able to guarantee a certain
degree of power quality to customers is being reflected in the development of innovative
power quality solutions. The UPQC, which is a combination of shunt and series
compensation, is designed to cater for multiple power quality problems. The shunt
compensator provides VAr compensation to the load. It also provides harmonic isolation
between the load and the utility supply. The series compensator regulates the incoming
voltage quality from the supply side, and keeps the load end voltage insensitive to the
supply voltage problems like sag/swell or unbalance. All these quality controls are
achieved simultaneously. A comprehensive control technique has been designed based
on the VA loading of the two compensators, such that minimum VA loading of the two
compensators is ensured. This has been achieved by pre-calculating a suitable angle of
injection voltage for the series compensator. This also minimises the operational losses
of the UPQC. The design details are elaborated and verified with appropriate simulation
results.
Complex wavelet based control
strategy for UPQC
This paper discusses the utilization of complex continuous wavelet transform based on
B-spline function for reference voltages and currents extraction which are used for
compensating power quality disturbances by using unified power quality conditioner. The
major advantages of choosing B-spline function are the reduction of computation time
and ease of online implementation. The performance of the proposed wavelet transform
is compared with the discrete Meyer wavelet and complex Morlet wavelet transforms.
Detailed simulation studies are carried out using Matlab/Simulink to prove the ability of
the proposed method. It is inferred from the simulation results that the proposed B-spline
complex wavelet transform based reference signal extraction is as accurate as complex
Morlet wavelet transform but has less computational burden.
Flexible 3P4W system using UPQC
with combination of SRF and P-Q
theory based control strategy
In this paper a three-phase four-wire (3P4W) unified power quality conditioner (UPQC)
under distorted load conditions, the power quality problems are compensate through a
new synchronous reference frame (SRF) and hysteresis controller
based control method. The proposed UPQC system can improve the power quality at
the point of common coupling (PCC). The simulation results based on MATLAB Simulink
are discussed in detail to support the SRF and hysteresis controller
based controlmethod presented in the paper.
A Unified Compensator Design Based
on Instantaneous Energy Equilibrium
Model for the DC Link Voltage Control
of UPQC
uitable model for the analysis and control of the Unified Power Quality Controller
(UPQC) was quite difficult to obtain, which prohibited not only the analysis and
comparison between existing controlstrategies, but also the industrial applications, as no
generalized method to design the control loop for different disturbances. In this paper, a
unified DC voltage compensator design is proposed for UPQCbased on the system
instantaneous energy equilibrium model. The main circuit model of UPQC is derived
firstly, including both the steady state model and the small signal model. Subsequently,
four existing control strategies for the shunt converter control are found and modeled in
detail, which are combined with UPQC main circuit model, and the whole control system
are obtained accordingly. TheUPQC whole system model are compared and evaluated
in different disturbances. And then the unified compensator design method for the DC
link voltage control is proposed, the worst control strategy is then chosen as an example
for the detailed compensator design, based on the newly proposed model. Finally, the
computer simulation and prototype experiment are done to verify the validity all the
analysis and control.
A 12-kVA DSP-Controlled Laboratory
Prototype UPQC Capable of
Mitigating Unbalance in Source
Voltage and Load Current
This paper reports the development of a laboratory prototype of a fully digital DSP-
controlled 12-kVA unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), capable of compensating
for both the supply voltage and the load current imperfections. A fully digital controller
based on the TMS320F2812 DSP platform is implemented for the reference generation
as well as control purposes. The delay problem in the digital controller is overcome by
application of a fast DSP, a compact control technique and proper flow ofcontrol steps in
the DSP software. A phase-locked loop-less software grid synchronization method has
been implemented for the effective operation of the UPQC under conditions of grid
frequency variation. A sequence-based compensation strategy has been developed to
compensate for balanced and unbalanced sags while accommodating the fact that the
voltage injection capability of the UPQC is limited. The prototype UPQC power
circuit, control features, and control algorithm along with experimental results are
presented in this paper.
Different control strategies for
Unified Power Quality Conditioner at
load side
This paper presents the compensation principle using PI, fuzzy &
ANN control strategies of the UPQCin detail. The UPQC is an active filter (AF) and it
compensates the reactive power, harmonics in both the voltage and current caused by
loads. The UPQC makes use of two back to back connected IGBT based voltage source
inverters (VSIs) with a common dc bus. One inverter is connected in series and the other
one is placed in shunt with the load. The shunt inverter works as a current source and it
compensates the current harmonics. The series inverter works as a voltage source and
it helps in compensating the voltage harmonics. Previous works presented
a control strategy for shunt active filter with PI control. Then, this control strategy was
extended to develop the three different controllers for shunt and series active filters. The
simulation results of these control strategies are listed for comparison and verification of
results
A comparison of single-phase p-q
theory and UVT based control
algorithms for single-phase UPQC
This paper employs a single-phase unified quality conditioner (UPQC), an integration of
shunt and series active filters (APF), to perform voltage and supply current harmonics
mitigation and power factor correction. Both the shunt and series APFs are realized
using a single-phase, two leg voltage source inverter (VSI). For the series APF
the control strategy is based on Unit Vector Template (UVT), while a comparison is
made for the two control strategies namely UVT and single-phase p-q theory for shunt
APF. In both of the control strategies the control is made over the fundamental supply
current and fundamental supply voltage instead of the fast changing AFs current and
voltage, thereby reducing the computational delay and number of required sensors. A
dynamic model of the UPQC is developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and
the simulation results demonstrating the power quality improvement in the system are
presented for distorted supply and a combination of linear and non-linear load.
Wind Farm to Weak-Grid Connection
using UPQC custom power device
Wind Farms (WF) employing squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) directly
connected to the grid, represent a large percentage of the wind energy conversion
systems around the world. In facilities with moderated power generation, the WF are
connected through medium voltage (MV) distribution headlines. A situation commonly
found in such scheme is that the power generated is comparable to the transport
capacity of the grid. This case is known as Wind Farm to Weak Grid Connection, and its
main problem is the poor voltage regulation at the point of common coupling (PCC).
Thus, the combination of weak grids, wind power fluctuation and system load changes
produce disturbances in the PCC voltage, worsening the Power Quality and WF stability.
This situation can be improved usingcontrol methods at generator level, or
compensation techniques at PCC. In case of wind farms based on SCIG directly
connected to the grid, is necessary to employ the last alternative. Custom power devices
technology (CUPS) result very usefull for this kind of application. In this paper is
proposed a compensation strategy based on a particular CUPS device, the Unified
Power Quality Compensator (UPQC). A customized internal control scheme of
the UPQC device was developed to regulate the voltage in the WF terminals, and to
mitigate voltage fluctuations at grid side. The internal controlstrategy is based on the
management of active and reactive power in the series and shunt converters of
the UPQC, and the exchange of power between converters through UPQC DC-Link.
This approach increase the compensation capability of the UPQC with respect to other
custom strategies that use reactive power only. Simulations results show the
effectiveness of the proposed compensation strategyfor the enhancement of Power
Quality and Wind Farm stability.
Unified power quality conditioner for
power quality improvement with
advanced control strategy
An advanced control approach for power quality compensation using Unified Power
Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is presented in this paper. This approach has capability of
voltage distortion mitigation as well as current harmonics compensation. In
the UPQC control, Series Active Filter (SAF) is controlled by d-q-o approach for voltage
harmonic compensation. Voltage signal calculated at SAF is used for calculation of
required reference signals using P-Q theory for Parallel Active Filter (PAF) control for
current harmonic compensation. This control strategy requires reduced number of
measurements (source voltage & load current). Simulation results show the validation of
proposed method.
A fault protection scheme for unified
power quality conditioners
A protection scheme for a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is presented and
analyzed in this paper. The proposed UPQC has the series active power filter operated
as a high impedance "k()" to the fundamentals when short-circuit faults occur in the
power distribution system, and three controlstrategies are proposed in this paper. The
first is the method for detecting the fundamental source current through the p-q theory,
the second is the method for detecting the fundamental component of load current in
synchronous reference frame (SRF) and the third is the method for detecting the input
voltage. When the short-circuit fault occurs in the power distribution system, the
proposed scheme protects the UPQC without additional protection circuits. The validity
of proposed protection scheme is investigated through experimental results for the
prototype UPQC systems.
OPEN unified power quality
conditioner with control based on
enhanced phase locked loop
OPEN unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) offers different power quality levels with
different electricity bill to their users. OPEN UPQC has more flexible modularity than
traditional UPQC for field applications. OPEN UPQC consists of two controlled pulse-
width modulated shunt and series inverters that have no common DC link. Shunt inverter
eliminates current harmonics originating from non-linear load side and series inverter
mitigates voltage sag/swell at the point of common coupling caused from faults on
transmission system. In this study, controllers for both shunt and series inverters are
based on enhanced phase locked loop (E-PLL) and non-linear adaptive filter. For the
controller of shunt inverter, proportional integrator controller-based DC-
link control strategy is adapted to E-PLL. A fast sag/swell detection method is also
presented. Functionalities of OPEN-UPQC system is deeply analysed and tested
through simulation studies with power system computer aided design/electromagnetic
transients DC analysis program. The test results verify that OPEN UPQC achieves good
performance for mitigating the effects of voltage sag/swell and suppressing the load
current harmonics.
A control strategy for unified power
quality conditioner
This paper presents a control strategy for a unified power quality conditioner.
This control strategy is used in three-phase three-wire systems. The UPQC device
combines a shunt-active filter together with a series-active filter in a back-to-back
configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current.
Previous works presented a control strategy for shunt-active filter that guarantees
sinusoidal, balanced and minimized source currents even if under unbalanced and/or
distorted system voltages, also known as "sinusoidal fryze currents". Then,
this control strategy was extended to develop a dual control strategy for series-active
filter. Now, this paper develops the integration principles of shunt current compensation
and series voltages compensation, both based on instantaneous active and non-active
powers, directly calculated from a-b-c phase voltages and line currents. Simulation
results are presented to validate the proposed UPQC control strategy.
Discrete Nonlinear Control based on
a double dq Transform of a Multi-Cell
UPQC
A Discrete Nonlinear Control with a double dq Transform of a Multi-Cell Unified Power
Quality Conditioner (UPQC) based on Single-Phase Power Cells is presented.
The UPQC is a back-to-back connection of active filters; combining a shunt and a series
topology but maintaining the features of both units, where the main objective is to
improve the power quality. The multivariable, nonlinear and coupled nature of
the UPQC makes the control a difficult task. In this work, a discrete nonlinear control of a
multilevel UPQC based on Single-Phase power cells is proposed, where
the controlled variables are decoupled to improve both dynamic and static system
responses. In this scheme, two different Park Transforms are used to conveniently
synchronize each compensator allowing a dedicated controlregulator for every output
variable. This paper shows that the DC link voltage of every power cell can
becontrolled in a wider range as compared to a traditional control strategy, thus
improving robustness for several types of loads.
The Research of United Power
Quality Conditioner's control strategy
of Distribution System
The paper discusses the working principle and architecture of UPQC. It described
two control schemes for UPQC, for enhancing power quality of sensitive non-linear
loads. Based on the different characteristics of series part and shunt part,
two control schemes have been designed. Extensive results of digital computer
simulation studies are presented to validate the proposed control strategies. The results
indicates the control strategies has good applicated prospects.