The Big Book of Mischief Version 1.

5 (DOS ANSI)
Keywords The Book! in"eri# $e%e&se
D&"e 1' (e) *+ ,+-.15 /MT
Sender dr0ri1co.co#
A2T3O$ D&4id $ich&rds
TIT56 The Big Book Of Mischief
6DITIONIn"eri# re%e&se (1.5) fro# DT7 fi%e
(O$MAT AS8II (MS9DOS)!"&)s &re . s1&ces.
$6ST$I8TIONS This fi%e #&y )e free%y redis"ri):"ed in e%ec"ronic for#
wi"h "hese condi"ions
I" #&y no" )e e;cer1"ed or #odified in AN< =A< o"her
"h&n
ch&r&c"er con4ersion for differen" co#1:"er sys"e#s.
NO (66 MA< B6 83A$/6D (O$ DO=N5OADIN/ T3IS (I56.
T3IS (I56 MA< NOT B6 DIST$IB2T6D IN 7$INT6D (O$M. 2sers
&re
1er#i""ed "o #&ke 19- co1ies for 1erson&% :se.
T36 A2T3O$ $6S6$V6S A55 $I/3TS TO T3IS 72B5I8ATION! IN852DIN/
T36 $I/3T TO 7$INT6D 72B5I8ATION! DIST$IB2TION $I/3TS TO T3IS
AND A55 (2T2$6 6DITIONS! AND A55 OT36$ $I/3TS AS D6TAI56D B<
INT6$NATIONA5 8O7<$I/3T 5A=.
If yo: enco:n"er "his )ook )eing dis"ri):"ed in 1rin"ed or
e%ec"ronic for#! in who%e or in 1&r"! in 4io%&"ion of "he co1yrigh"!
1%e&se
send e%ec"ronic #&i% "o "he &ddress gi4en )e%ow.
T683NI8A5 NOT6S
This is &n in"eri# re%e&se! i" is NOT &nywhere ne&r co#1%e"e.
This
fi%e w&s gener&"ed fro# & desk"o1 1:)%ishing 1rogr&# on &n MS9
DOS
#&chine &nd "herefor #&y inc%:de so#e s1eci&% ch&r&c"ers which
wi%%
no" )e re1rod:ced &cc:r&"e%y on o"her #&chines! &nd which #&y )e
corr:1"ed in "r&ns#ission. This &%so #e&ns "h&" "he "e;" is &
%ow9>:&%i"y AS8II re1resen"&"ion of "he origin&% "e;".
3O= TO 8ONTA8T T36 A2T3O$! AND?O$ /6T T36 BOOK VIA 6568T$ONI8 MAI5
S:gges"ions &re we%co#e! &s &re s:)#issions! co#1%&in"s! &nd @:s" &)o:"
&ny"hing o"her "h&n %&ws:i"s &nd o"her non91rod:c"i4e #&i%.
In"erne" #&i% c&n )e sen" "o dr0ri1co.co#
A co1y of "his fi%e (in fo:r 1&r"s of &ro:nd 5,K e&ch) wi%% )e sen" on
re>:es". A 1rin" 4ersion #&y )e &4&i%&)%e in "he f:":re! &nd & d&"&)&se
)&sed on "he infor#&"ion is :nder de4e%o1#en".
999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
9999
This )ook is dedic&"ed "o Ben! who #&de i" 1ossi)%e! "o Ar"h:r! who
he%1ed
kee1 i" going! &nd "o &%% "he &#&"e:r 1yro"echnici&ns who h&4e %os"
"heir
%i4es! senses! &nd %i#)s in "he se&rch for know%edge.
The 1rocesses &nd "echni>:es herein sho:%d
no" )e c&rried o:" :nder &ny circ:#s"&ncesAA
On "he &d4ice of #y %&wyer!I here)y s"&"e "h&" I &ss:#e no
res1onsi)i%i"ies
for &ny :se of "he infor#&"ion 1resen"ed in "his )ook. The in"en"ion of
"his )ook is "o de#ons"r&"e "he #&ny "echni>:es &nd #e"hods :sed )y
1ersons
in "his &nd o"her co:n"ries "o 1rod:ce & n:#)er of concei4&)%y h&B&rdo:s
de4ices. None of "he s"&"e#en"s herein sho:%d )e "&ken "o indic&"e "he
o1inions or &c"ions of "he &:"hor. The "echni>:es descri)ed here #&y )e
fo:nd in 1:)%ic %i)r&ries &nd &%% "he infor#&"ion gi4en is &4&i%&)%e
fro#
1:)%ic so:rces. Any %oss of %ife! 1ro1er"y! or o"her 1ercei4ed %oss!
in@:ry
or h&r# is "he so%e res1onsi)i%i"y of "he 1:rch&ser.
Any ins"r:c"ions! for#:%&s! &nd o"her s"&"e#en"s herein &re for
infor#&"ion&% 1:r1oses on%y.A%"ho:gh #os" of "he 1roced:res c&n )e
&cco#1%ished wi"h #ini#&% 1re1&r&"ion &nd fro# e&si%y &4&i%&)%e
s:11%ies!
"his is & work of fic"ion &nd no &ss:#1"ion sho:%d )e #&de &)o:" "he
&cc:r&cy or s&fe"y of &ny of "he 1roced:res. This )ook is 4oid where
1rohi)i"ed! &nd sh&%% no" )e so%d "o &ny 1erson who is ine%igi)%e "o
recei4e i". If yo: &re :nder "he &ge of 1.! & con4ic"ed fe%on! #en"&%%y
re"&rded! or & #e#)er of &n org&niB&"ion "h&" h&s &s i"s s"&"ed or
:ns"&"ed
go&%s "he o4er"hrow of "he %egi"i#&"e go4ern#en" of "he 2ni"ed S"&"es of
A#eric&! yo: &re re>:ired "o ":rn yo:rse%f in "o "he ne&res" officer of
"he
%&w wi"ho:" de%&y.
$656AS6 1.5
8O7<$I/3T 1**-
A55 $I/3TS $6S6$V6D
T&)%e of 8on"en"s
SA(6T< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
B&sic S&fe"y $:%es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C
3ow To Mi; Dry Ingredien"s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
B2<IN/ 6D75OSIV6S AND 7$O7655ANTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . +
7ro1e%%&n"s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +
6;1%osi4es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '
7$67A$ATION O( 836MI8A5S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6D75OSIV6 (O$M25AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6;1%osi4e Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
I#1&c" 6;1%osi4es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1C
5ow Order 6;1%osi4es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1E
3igh Order 6;1%osi4es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CC
O"her $e&c"ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -,
8OM7$6SS6D /AS BOMBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --
Bo""%ed /&s 6;1%osi4es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --
Dry Ice Bo#)s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5
2SIN/ 6D75OSIV6S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -E
Igni"ion De4ices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -E
I#1&c" Igni"ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +,
6%ec"ric&% Igni"ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +-
6%ec"ro9#ech&nic&% Igni"ion . . . . . . . . . . . . ++
De%&ys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +'
6D75OSIV6 8ASIN/S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,
7&1er 8on"&iners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,
Me"&% 8on"&iners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,
7ri#ed 6;1%osi4e 8&sings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5C
/%&ss 8on"&iners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-
7%&s"ic 8on"&iners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-
ADVAN86D 2S6S (O$ 6D75OSIV6S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5'
T:)e 6;1%osi4es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5'
A"o#iBed 7&r"ic%e 6;1%osions. . . . . . . . . . . . 5E
S768IA5 AMM2NITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.
7ri#i"i4e =e&1ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.
(ire&r#s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5*
8o#1ressed Air?/&s =e&1ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . '-
$O8K6TS AND 8ANNONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '5
$ocke"s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '5
8&nnon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'E
VIS2A5 7<$OT683NI8S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E,
S#oke Bo#)s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E,
8o%ored (%&#es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1
(ireworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1
MO$6 IN(O$MATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E+
3O2S63O5D 836MI8A5S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.
2S6(25 836MI8A5S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E*
(2659ODIDIF6$ MIDT2$6S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,
2S6(25 7<$O836MIST$< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C
SA(6T<
S&fe"y is &n i#1or"&n" concern in #&ny &c"i4i"ies! ):" i" is e4en
#ore
i#1or"&n" when working wi"h e;1%osi4es &nd re%&"ed co#1o:nds. If yo:
h&4e
&n &cciden" wi"h & 1ower "oo% yo: c&n 1er#&nen"%y #&i# or ki%% yo:rse%f.
An
&:"o#o)i%e &cciden" c&n no" on%y ki%% yo:rse%f! ):" & doBen or #ore
o"hers
who h&4e "he )&d %:ck "o )e on "he s&#e ro&d &s yo:. =hen &n &ir1%&ne
cr&shes! i" of"en ki%%s no" on%y "he 1&ssengers on )o&rd! ):" &ny)ody
who
h&11ens "o h&4e %i4ed ne&r "he cr&sh si"e. An &cciden"&% e;1%osion c&n
)e
#:ch des"r:c"i4e "h&n &ny of "hese. Any &cciden" in4o%4ing e;1%osi4es is
%ike%y "o )e f&"&%! &nd & serio:s &cciden" c&n! :nder so#e circ:#s"&nces
circ:#s"&nces! ki%% h:ndreds of 1eo1%e.
There &re no s:ch "hings &s "r:%y Gs&feG e;1%osi4e de4ices. =hi%e
so#e
e;1%osi4es &re %ess d&ngero:s "h&n o"hers! &%% s:ch co#1osi"ions &re! )y
"heir 4ery n&":re! e;"re#e%y h&B&rdo:s.
B&sic S&fe"y $:%es
1) DonH" s#okeA (donH" %&:gh9 &n err&n" cig&re""e wi1ed o:" "he
=e&"her#en). A4oid o1en f%&#es! es1eci&%%y when working wi"h f%&##&)%e
%i>:ids or 1owdered #e"&%s.
C) /rind &%% ingredien"s se1&r&"e%y. I" is &%&r#ing how fric"ion
sensi"i4e so#e s:11osed%y s&fe co#1osi"ions re&%%y &re. /rinding c&:ses
he&"
&nd 1ossi)%y s1&rks! )o"h of which c&n ini"i&"e &n e;1%osion.
-) S"&r" wi"h 4ery s#&%% >:&n"i"ies. 64en s#&%% >:&n"i"ies of high
e;1%osi4es c&n )e 4ery d&ngero:s. Once yo: h&4e so#e ide& of "he 1ower
of
"he e;1%osi4e! yo: c&n 1rogress "o %&rger &#o:n"s. S"ore high e;1%osi4es
se1&r&"e%y fro# %ow e;1%osi4es! &nd sensi"i4e de4ices! s:ch &s )%&s"ing
c&1s! sho:%d )e s"ored we%% &w&y fro# &%% f%&##&)%e or e;1%osi4e
#&"eri&%.
+) A%%ow for & C,I #&rgin of error. Ne4er %e" yo:r s&fe"y de1end
on
"he e;1ec"ed res:%"s. J:s" )ec&:se "he &4er&ge ):rning r&"e of & f:se is
-,
secs?foo"! donH" de1end on "he ' inches s"icking o:" of yo:r 1i1e )o#)
"o
"&ke e;&c"%y 15 seconds.
5) Ne4er :nderes"i#&"e "he r&nge of yo:r shr&1ne%. The c&1 fro# &
1i1e )o#) c&n of"en "r&4e% & )%ock or #ore &" high 4e%oci"ies )efore
co#ing
"o res"9 If yo: h&4e "o s"&y ne&r)y! re#e#)er "h&" if yo: c&n see i"! i"
c&n
ki%% yo:.
') A" "he %e&s"! "&ke "he &:"horHs 1rec&:"ions. =hen #i;ing
sensi"i4e
co#1o:nds (s:ch &s f%&sh 1owder) &4oid &%% so:rces of s"&"ic
e%ec"rici"y.
=ork in &n &re& wi"h #oder&"e h:#idi"y! good 4en"i%&"ion! &nd w&"ch o:"
for
so:rces of s1&rks &nd f%&#e! which c&n igni"e 1&r"ic%es s:s1ended in "he
&ir. A%w&ys fo%%ow "he direc"ions gi4en &nd ne4er "&ke shor"c:"s.
E) B:y >:&%i"y s&fe"y e>:i1#en"! &nd :se i" &" &%% "i#es. A%w&ys
we&r
& f&ce shie%d! or &" "he #ini#:#! sh&""er1roof %&) g%&sses. I"Hs :s:&%%y
&
good ide& "o we&r g%o4es when h&nd%ing corrosi4e che#ic&%s! &nd & %&)
&1ron
c&n he%1 1re4en" %ife9"hre&"ening ):rns.
3ow To Mi; Dry Ingredien"s
The )es" w&y "o #i; "wo dry che#ic&%s "o for# &n e;1%osi4e is "o
:se
& "echni>:e 1erfec"ed )y s#&%%9sc&%e fireworks #&n:f&c":rers
1) T&ke & %&rge shee" of s#oo"h 1&1er (for e;&#1%e & 1&ge fro# &
news1&1er "h&" does no" :se s"&1%es)
C) Me&s:re o:" "he &11ro1ri&"e &#o:n"s of "he "wo che#ic&%s! &nd
1o:r
"he# in "wo s#&%% he&1s ne&r o11osi"e corners of "he shee".
-) 7ick :1 "he shee" )y "he "wo corners ne&r "he 1i%es! &%%owing
"he
1owders "o ro%% "ow&rds "he cen"er of "he shee".
+) By r&ising one corner &nd "hen "he o"her! rock "he 1owders )&ck
&nd
for"h in "he #idd%e of "he o1en shee"! "&king c&re no" "o %e" "he
#i;":re
s1i%% fro# ei"her of "he %oose ends.
5) 7o:r "he 1owder off fro# "he #idd%e of "he shee"! &nd :se i"
i##edi&"e%y. 2se &ir"igh" con"&iners for s"or&ge! I"Hs )es" "o :se -5##
fi%#
c&nis"ers or o"her @&rs which do no" h&4e screw9on "o1s. If yo: #:s"
kee1
"he #i;":re for %ong 1eriods! 1%&ce & s#&%% 1&cke" of desicc&n" in "he
con"&iner! &nd ne4er s"ore ne&r he&" or 4&%:&)%e i"e#s.
B2<IN/ 6D75OSIV6S AND 7$O7655ANTS
A%#os" &ny ci"y or "own of re&son&)%e siBe h&s & g:n s"ore &nd one
or
#ore dr:gs"ores. These &re "wo of "he 1%&ces "h&" serio:s
1yro"echnici&ns
c&n 4isi" "o 1:rch&se 1o"en"i&%%y e;1%osi4e #&"eri&%. A%% "h&" one h&s
"o
do is know so#e"hing &)o:" "he #:nd&ne :ses of "he s:)s"&nces.
B%&ck 1owder! for e;&#1%e! is nor#&%%y :sed in )%&ck1owder
fire&r#s.
I" co#es in 4&rying gr&des! wi"h e&ch differen" gr&de )eing & s%igh"%y
differen" siBe. The gr&de of )%&ck 1owder de1ends on wh&" "he c&%i)re
of
"he g:n "h&" i" is in"ended forK & fine gr&de of 1owder co:%d ):rn "oo
f&s"
in "he wrong c&%i)er we&1on. The r:%e is "he s#&%%er "he gr&de! "he
f&s"er
"he ):rn r&"e of "he 1owder.
7ro1e%%&n"s
There &re #&ny 4&rie"ies of 1owder :sed &s 1ro1e%%&n"s! &nd #&ny of
"hese c&n )e &d&1"ed for :se in e;1%osi4e de4ices. 7ro1e%%&n"s &re
:s:&%%y
se%ec"ed for s"&)i%i"y &nd high g&s 1rod:c"ion! &nd c&n )e 4ery
effec"i4e
if :sed in & s"rong con"&iner. So#e 1ro1e%%&n"s! s:ch &s ni"roce%%:%ose!
):rn &" & #:ch higher r&"e when :nder 1ress:re! whi%e o"hers ):rn &"
)&sic&%%y "he s&#e r&"e in "he o1en &nd when confined.
B%&ck 7owder
B%&ck 1owder is co##on%y &4&i%&)%e in fo:r gr&des. The s#&%%er!
f&s"er
):rning siBes &re #ore diffic:%" "o find "h&n "he %&rge! s%ow gr&des.
The
1owderHs ):rn r&"e is e;"re#e%y i#1or"&n" when i" is "o )e :sed in
e;1%osi4es. Since &n e;1%osion is & r&1id incre&se of g&s 4o%:#e in &
confined en4iron#en"! >:ick9):rning 1owder is desired. The fo:r co##on
gr&des of )%&ck 1owder &re %is"ed )e%ow! &%ong wi"h "he :s:&% )ore wid"h
(c&%i)re) of "he g:n "hey wo:%d )e :sed in. /ener&%%y! "he f&s"es"
):rning
1owder! "he (((( gr&de is desir&)%e for e;1%osi4es! &nd "he %&rger
gr&des
&re :sed &s 1ro1e%%&n"s.
The (((( gr&de is "he f&s"es" ):rning! )ec&:se "he s#&%%er gr&de
h&s
#ore s:rf&ce &re& e;1osed "o "he f%&#e fron"! &%%owing "he f%&#e "o
1ro1&g&"e "hro:gh "he #&"eri&% #:ch f&s"er "h&n i" co:%d if & %&rger
siBed
1owder w&s :sed. The 1rice r&nge of )%&ck 1owder is &)o:" L..5, 9
L1C.,, 1er
1o:nd. The 1rice 1er 1o:nd is "he s&#e reg&rd%ess of "he gr&de! so yo:
c&n
s&4e "i#e &nd work )y ):ying finer gr&de of 1owder.
There &re se4er&% 1ro)%e#s wi"h :sing )%&ck 1owder. I" c&n )e
&cciden"&%%y igni"ed )y s"&"ic e%ec"rici"y or fric"ion! &nd "h&" i" h&s
&
"endency "o &)sor) #ois":re fro# "he &ir. To s&fe%y cr:sh i"! yo:
sho:%d
:se & 1%&s"ic or wooden s1oon &nd & wooden s&%&d )ow%. T&king & s#&%%
1i%e
&" & "i#e! s%ow%y &11%y 1ress:re "o "he 1owder "hro:gh "he s1oon &nd r:)
i"
in & series of %igh" s"rokes or circ%es. I" is fine eno:gh "o :se when
i"
re&ches "he consis"ency of f%o:r.
The 1&r"ic%e siBe needed is de1enden" on "he "y1e of de4ice i" is
going "o )e :sed in. The siBe of "he gr&ins is %ess i#1or"&n" in %&rge
de4ices! &nd in %&rge s"rong c&sings co&rse gr&ined 1owder wi%% work.
Any
&d:%" c&n 1:rch&se )%&ck 1owder! since &nyone c&n own )%&ck 1owder
fire&r#s
in "he 2ni"ed S"&"es.
7<$OD6DM
7yrode; is & syn"he"ic 1owder "h&" is :sed %ike )%&ck 1owder! &nd
which c&n )e s:)s"i":"ed )y 4o%:#e for s"&nd&rd )%&ck1owder. I" co#es
in
"he #&ny of "he s"&nd&rd gr&des! ):" i" is #ore e;1ensi4e 1er 1o:nd.
3owe4er! & one 1o:nd con"&iner of 1yrode; con"&ins #ore #&"eri&% )y
4o%:#e
"h&n one 1o:nd of )%&ck 1owder. 7yrode; is #:ch e&sier "o cr:sh "o &
4ery
fine 1owder "h&n )%&ck 1owder! &nd i" is consider&)%y s&fer &nd #ore
re%i&)%e. This is )ec&:se 7yrode; is %ess sensi"i4e "o fric"ion &nd
s"&"ic
e%ec"rici"y! &nd i" &)sor)s #ois":re #ore s%ow%y "h&n )%&ck 1owder.
7yrode;
c&n )e cr:shed in "he s&#e #&nner &s )%&ck 1owder! or i" c&n )e
disso%4ed
in )oi%ing w&"er &nd dried in "he s:n.
$if%e?Sho"g:n 7owder
$if%e &nd sho"g:n 1ro1e%%&n"s &re :s:&%%y ni"roce%%:%ose )&sed wi"h
&ddi"i4es "o #odify "he ):rning r&"e. They wi%% )e referred "o &s
s#oke%ess
1owder in &%% f:":re references. S#oke%ess 1owder is #&de )y "he &c"ion
of
concen"r&"ed ni"ric &nd s:%f:ric &cid :1on co""on or so#e o"her
ce%%:%ose
#&"eri&%! & 1rocess "h&" is descri)ed on 1&ge 1*. This #&"eri&% is "hen
disso%4ed )y so%4en"s &nd "hen refor#ed in "he desired gr&in siBe.
=hen de&%ing wi"h s#oke%ess 1owder! "he gr&in siBe is no" ne&r%y &s
i#1or"&n" &s "h&" of )%&ck 1owder. Bo"h %&rge &nd s#&%% gr&ined 1owders
):rn
f&ir%y s%ow%y co#1&red "o )%&ck 1owder when :nconfined! ):" when i" is
confined! s#oke%ess ):rns )o"h ho""er &nd 1rod:ces & gre&"er 4o%:#e of
g&s!
1rod:cing #ore 1ress:re. Therefore! "he grinding 1rocess "h&" is of"en
necess&ry for o"her 1ro1e%%&n"s is no" necess&ry for s#oke%ess.
S#oke%ess 1owder cos"s s%igh"%y #ore "h&n )%&ck 1owder. In #os"
s"&"es
&ny ci"iBen wi"h & 4&%id dri4erHs %icense c&n ):y i"! since "here &re
c:rren"%y few res"ric"ions on rif%es or sho"g:ns in "he 2.S. There &re
now
ID checks in #&ny s"&"es when 1:rch&sing 1owder &" & re"&i% o:"%e"!
howe4er
#&i% order 1:rch&ses fro# &no"her s"&"e &re no" s:)@ec" "o s:ch checks.
=hen
1:rch&sed )y #&i% order 1ro1e%%&n"s #:s" )e shi11ed )y & 1ri4&"e
c&rrier!
since "he 7os"&% Ser4ice wi%% no" c&rry h&B&rdo:s #&"eri&%s. Shi11ing
ch&rges wi%% )e high! d:e "o De1&r"#en" Of Tr&ns1or"&"ion reg:%&"ions on
1&ck&ging f%&##&)%e &nd e;1%osi4e #&"eri&%s.
$ocke" 6ngine 7owder
Mode% rocke"ry is &n 1o1:%&r ho))y in "he 2ni"ed S"&"es &nd #&ny
o"her
co:n"ries. 6s"esM! "he %&rges" 1rod:cer of #ode% rocke" ki"s &nd
engines!
"&kes gre&" 1&ins "o ens:re "h&" "heir engines &re )o"h s&fe &nd
re%i&)%e.
The si#1%e design of "hese engines #&kes i" 4ery e&sy "o e;"r&c" "he
1ro1e%%&n" 1owder.
Mode% rocke" engines con"&in & sing%e %&rge gr&in of 1ro1e%%&n".
This
gr&in is enc&sed in he&4y c&rd)o&rd ":)ing wi"h & c%&y c&1 &" "he "o1
&nd
& c%&y or cer&#ic noBB%e in "he )o""o#. The 1ro1e%%&n" c&n )e re#o4ed )y
s%i""ing "he ":)e %eng"hwise! &nd :nwr&11ing i" %ike yo: wo:%d & ro%% of
1&1er "owe%s. =hen "his is done! "he grey fire c%&y &" ei"her end of
"he
1ro1e%%&n" gr&in sho:%d )e re#o4ed. This c&n )e done )y ei"her cr&cking
i"
off wi"h & sh&r1 )ow! or )y gen"%y 1rying wi"h & 1%&s"ic or )r&ss knife.
The engine #&"eri&% consis"s of "hree s"&ges. (irs" "he %&rge f:e%
s"&ge!
which is &" "he end ne&res" "he noBB%e. A)o4e "his is "he de%&y s"&ge!
which
#&y no" )e fo:nd in so#e engines. This s"&ge ):rns s%ow%y &nd 1rod:ces &
%&rge &#o:n" of s#oke. 5&s" is "he e@ec"ion ch&rge! which nor#&%%y wo:%d
1rod:ce g&ses "o 1:sh "he 1&r&ch:"e o:" "hro:gh "he "o1 of "he rocke".
The 1ro1e%%&n" #&"eri&% con"&ins &n e1o;y which #&kes i"
e;ce1"ion&%%y
h&rd! so i" #:s" )e cr:shed "o & fine 1owder )efore i" c&n )e :sed.)e
:sed.
By do:)%e )&gging "he 1ro1e%%&n" in s#&%% 1%&s"ic )&gs &nd gri11ing i"
in
& 1%iers or s#&%% 4ise! "he 1owder c&n )e c&ref:%%y cr:shed wi"ho:"
sh&""ering &%% o4er. This 1rocess sho:%d )e re1e&"ed :n"i% "here &re no
re#&ining ch:nks! &f"er which i" #&y )e cr:shed in "he s&#e #&nner &s
)%&ck
1owder.
Mode% rocke" engines co#e in 4&rio:s siBes! r&nging fro# NA 9CT "o
"he
incredi)%y 1owerf:% D engines. The %&rger engines &re #:ch #ore
e;1ensi4e!
&nd e&ch %e""er siBe con"&ins &)o:" "wice &s #:ch 1ro1e%%&n" &s "he
1re4io:s
one. The D engines co#e in 1&ck&ges of "hree! &nd con"&in #ore 1owder
"h&n
%esser engines. These engines &re &%so 4ery :sef:% wi"ho:"
#odific&"ion.
5&rge engines c&n )e :sed "o cre&"e 4ery i#1ressi4e skyrocke"s &nd o"her
de4ices.
6;1%osi4es
There &re #&ny co##erci&%%y &4&i%&)%e #&"eri&%s which &re ei"her
:sed
&s e;1%osi4es! or which &re :sed "o 1rod:ce e;1%osi4es. M&"eri&%s which
&re
:sed "o 1rod:ce e;1%osi4es &re known &s G1rec:rsorsG! &nd so#e of "he#
&re
4ery diffic:%" "o o)"&in. 8he#ic&% s:11%iers &re no" s":1id! &nd "hey
wi%%
no"ice if & sing%e 1erson orders & co#)in&"ion of #&"eri&%s which c&n )e
:sed "o 1rod:ce & co##on e;1%osi4e. Mos" che#ic&%s &re &4&i%&)%e in
se4er&%
gr&des! which 4&ry )y "he 1:ri"y of "he che#ic&%! &nd "he "y1es of
i#1:ri"ies 1resen". In #os" c&ses %&) gr&de che#ic&%s &re #ore "h&n
s:fficien". There &re & few 1ri#i"i4e #i;":res which wi%% work e4en wi"h
4ery i#1:re che#ic&%s! &nd & few which re>:ire "echnic&% gr&de
#&"eri&%s.
A##oni:# Ni"r&"e
A##oni:# ni"r&"e is & high e;1%osi4e #&"eri&% "h&" is :sed &s &
co##erci&% Gs&fe"y e;1%osi4eG. I" is 4ery s"&)%e! &nd is diffic:%" "o
igni"e
wi"h & #&"ch! &nd e4en "hen wi%% no" e;1%ode :nder nor#&% circ:#s"&nces.
I"
is &%so diffic:%" "o de"on&"eK ("he 1heno#enon of de"on&"ion wi%% )e
e;1%&ined %&"er) &s i" re>:ires & 1owerf:% shockw&4e "o c&:se i" &c" &s
&
high e;1%osi4e.
8o##erci&%%y! &##oni:# ni"r&"e is so#e"i#es #i;ed wi"h & s#&%%
&#o:n"
of ni"rog%ycerine "o incre&se i"s sensi"i4i"y. A 4ers&"i%e che#ic&%!
&##oni:# ni"r&"e is :sed in "he G8o%d97&ksG or GIns"&n" 8o%dG! &4&i%&)%e
in
#os" dr:g s"ores. The G8o%d 7&ksG consis" of & )&g of w&"er! s:rro:nded
)y
& second 1%&s"ic )&g con"&ining "he &##oni:# ni"r&"e. To ge" "he
&##oni:#
ni"r&"e! si#1%y c:" off "he "o1 of "he o:"side )&g! re#o4e "he 1%&s"ic
)&g
of w&"er! &nd s&4e "he &##oni:# ni"r&"e in & we%% se&%ed! &ir"igh"
con"&iner. I" is hygrosco1ic! (i" "ends "o &)sor) w&"er fro# "he &ir)
&nd
wi%% e4en":&%%y )e ne:"r&%iBed if i" is &%%owed "o re&c" wi"h w&"er! or
:sed
in co#1o:nds con"&ining w&"er. A##oni:# ni"r&"e #&y &%so )e fo:nd in
#&ny
fer"i%iBers.
(%&sh 7owder
(%&sh 1owder is & #i;":re of 1owdered &%:#in:# or #&gnesi:# #e"&%
&nd
one of &ny n:#)er of o;idiBers. I" is e;"re#e%y sensi"i4e "o he&" or
s1&rks!
&nd sho:%d )e "re&"ed wi"h #ore c&re "h&n )%&ck 1owder! &nd :nder no
circ:#s"&nces sho:%d i" )e #i;ed wi"h )%&ck 1owder or &ny o"her
e;1%osi4es.
S#&%% >:&n"i"ies of f%&sh 1owder c&n )e 1:rch&sed fro# #&gic sho1s
&nd
"he&"ric&% s:11%iers in "he for# of "wo s#&%% con"&iners! which #:s" )e
#i;ed )efore :se. 8o##erci&% f%&sh 1owder is no" che&1 ):" i" is :s:&%%y
4ery re%i&)%e. There &re "hree s1eeds of f%&sh 1owder co##on%y :sed in
#&gic! howe4er on%y "he f&s" f%&sh 1owder c&n )e :sed "o cre&"e re%i&)%e
e;1%osi4es.
(%&sh 1owder sho:%d &%w&ys )e #i;ed &ccording "o "he #e"hod gi4en
&"
"he )eginning of "he )ook! &nd :nder no circ:#s"&nces sho:%d i" )e
sh&ken
or s"ored in &ny 1&ck&ging which #igh" c&rry s"&"ic e%ec"rici"y.
7$67A$ATION O( 836MI8A5S
=hi%e #&ny che#ic&%s &re no" e&si%y &4&i%&)%e in "heir 1:re for#!
i"
is so#e"i#es 1ossi)%e for "he ho#e che#is" "o 1&r"i&%%y 1:rify #ore
e&si%y
&4&i%&)%e so:rces of i#1:re for#s of desired che#ic&%s.
Mos" %i>:ids &re di%:"ed wi"h w&"er! which c&n )e re#o4ed )y
dis"i%%&"ion. I" is #ore diffic:%" "o 1:rify so%ids! ):" "here &re & few
#e"hods &4&i%&)%e.If "he i#1:ri"y is inso%:)%e in w&"er ):" "he 1:re
che#ic&% is! "hen "he so%id is #i;ed in"o & %&rge >:&n"i"y of w&r#
w&"er!
&nd "he w&"er (wi"h "he che#ic&% disso%4ed in i") is s&4ed. The
:ndisso%4ed
i#1:ri"ies (dregs) &re disc&rded. =hen "he w&"er is )oi%ed off i" %e&4es
&
1reci1i"&"e of "he desired #&"eri&%. If "he desired che#ic&% is no"
w&"er
so%:)%e &nd "he i#1:ri"y is! "hen "he s&#e )&sic 1roced:re is fo%%owed!
):"
in "his c&se "he dregs &re s&4ed &nd "he %i>:id disc&rded.
Ni"ric &cid (3NO-)
There &re se4er&% w&ys "o #&ke "his #os" essen"i&% of &%% &cids for
e;1%osi4es. I" is of"en 1rod:ced )y "he o;id&"ion of &##oni& 1er "he
fo%%owing for#:%&
+N3- O 5OC +NO O '3COK CNO O OC CNOCK -NOC O 3CO C3NO- O NO
If "he che#is" h&s sodi:# &nd 1o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e &4&i%&)%e! "hey c&n
)e :sed "o con4er" "he #:ch %ess :sef:% s:%f:ric &cid. =hi%e "his #e"hod
c&n
)e :sed "o 1rod:ce ni"ric &cid! "he 1rocess is e;"re#e%y h&B&rdo:s! &nd
i"
sho:%d no" )e c&rried o:" :n%ess "here is no o"her w&y "o o)"&in ni"ric
&cid. Do no" &""e#1" "his on & %&rger sc&%e wi"ho:" "he :se of re#o"e
#&ni1:%&"ion e>:i1#en".
M&"eri&%s
1o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e ice )&"h s"irring rod
conc s:%f:ric &cid dis"i%%ed w&"er re"or"
co%%ec"ing f%&sk wi"h s"o11er re"or" (-,,#%) he&" so:rce
sodi:# ni"r&"e #or"&r &nd 1es"%e
1) 8&ref:%%y 1o:r 1,, #i%%i%i"ers of concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid
in"o
"he re"or".
C) =eigh o:" e;&c"%y 1.5 gr&#s of sodi:# ni"r&"e! or C1, gr&#s of
1o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e. 8r:sh "o & fine 1owder in & c%e&n! dry #or"&r &nd
1es"%e! "hen s%ow%y &dd "his 1owder "o "he re"or" of s:%f:ric &cid. If
&%%
of "he 1owder does no" disso%4e! c&ref:%%y s"ir "he so%:"ion wi"h &
g%&ss
rod :n"i% "he 1owder is co#1%e"e%y disso%4ed.
-) 7%&ce "he o1en end of "he re"or" in"o "he co%%ec"ing f%&sk! &nd
1%&ce "he co%%ec"ing f%&sk in "he ice )&"h.
+) Begin he&"ing "he re"or"! :sing %ow he&". 8on"in:e he&"ing
:n"i%
%i>:id )egins "o co#e o:" of "he end of "he re"or". The %i>:id "h&"
for#s
is ni"ric &cid. 3e&" :n"i% "he 1reci1i"&"e in "he )o""o# of "he re"or"
is
&%#os" dry! or :n"i% no #ore ni"ric &cid for#s.
8A2TION
If "he &cid is he&"ed "oo s"rong%y! "he ni"ric &cid wi%% deco#1ose
&s
soon &s i" is for#ed. This c&n res:%" in "he 1rod:c"ion of high%y
f%&##&)%e
&nd "o;ic g&sses "h&" #&y e;1%ode. I" is & good ide& "o se" "he &)o4e
&11&r&":s :1! &nd "hen ge" &w&y fro# i".
S:%f:ric Acid (3CSO+)
There &re "wo co##on 1rocesses :sed "o #&ke s:%f:ric &cid!
:nfor":n&"e%y nei"her of "he# is s:i"&)%e for s#&%% sc&%e 1rod:c"ion
o:"side
of & %&)or&"ory or ind:s"ri&% 1%&n". The 8on"&c" 7rocess :"i%iBes S:%f:r
Dio;ide (SOC)! &n in"ense%y irri"&"ing g&s.
CSOC O 3CO CSO-K SO- O 3CO 3CSO+
The 8h&#)er 7rocess :ses ni"ric o;ide &nd ni"rogen dio;ide. On
con"&c"
wi"h &ir! ni"ric o;ide for#s ni"rogen dio;ide! & de&d%y reddish )rown
g&s.
The re&c"ion :sed for 1rod:c"ion is &s fo%%ows
CNO O OC CNOCK NOC O SOC O 3CO 3CSO+
S:%f:ric &cid is f&r "oo diffic:%" "o #&ke o:"side of & %&)or&"ory
or
ind:s"ri&% 1%&n". 3owe4er! i" is re&di%y &4&i%&)%e &s i" is & #&@or
co#1onen" of %e&d9&cid )&""eries. The s:%f:ric &cid co:%d )e 1o:red off
fro#
& new )&""ery! or 1:rch&sed fro# & )&""ery sho1 or #o"orcyc%e s"ore. If
"he
&cid is re#o4ed fro# & )&""ery "here wi%% )e 1ieces of %e&d fro# "he
)&""ery
which #:s" )e re#o4ed! ei"her )y )oi%ing &nd fi%"r&"ion. The
concen"r&"ion
of "he s:%f:ric &cid c&n &%so )e incre&sed )y )oi%ing i" or o"herwise
re#o4ing so#e of "he w&"er fro# "he so%:"ion. Very 1:re s:%f:ric &cid
1o:rs
s%igh"%y f&s"er "h&n c%e&n #o"or oi%.
A##oni:# Ni"r&"e
A##oni:# ni"r&"e is & 4ery 1owerf:% ):" insensi"i4e high e;1%osi4e.
I" co:%d )e #&de 4ery e&si%y )y 1o:ring ni"ric &cid in"o & %&rge f%&sk
in
&n ice )&"h. Then! )y si#1%y 1o:r ho:seho%d &##oni& in"o "he f%&sk &nd
kee1
& s&fe dis"&nce &w&y :n"i% "he re&c"ion h&s co#1%e"ed. Af"er "he
#&"eri&%s
h&4e s"o11ed re&c"ing! one si#1%y h&s "o %e&4e "he so%:"ion in & w&r#
dry
1%&ce :n"i% &%% of "he w&"er &nd &ny ne:"r&%iBed &##oni& or &cid h&4e
e4&1or&"ed. (ine%y 1owdered crys"&%s of &##oni:# ni"r&"e wo:%d re#&in.
These
#:s" )e ke1" in &n &ir"igh" con"&iner! )ec&:se of "heir "endency "o 1ick
:1
w&"er fro# "he &ir. The crys"&%s for#ed in "he &)o4e 1rocess wo:%d h&4e
"o
)e he&"ed 4ery gen"%y "o dri4e off "he re#&ining w&"er )efore "hey c&n
)e
:sed.
7o"&ssi:# Ni"r&"e
7o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e c&n )e o)"&ined fro# )%&ck 1owder. Si#1%y s"ir &
>:&n"i"y of )%&ck 1owder in"o )oi%ing w&"er. The s:%f:r &nd ch&rco&%
wi%%
)e s:s1ended in "he w&"er! ):" "he 1o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e wi%% disso%4e. To
o)"&in '.g of 1o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e! i" wo:%d )e necess&ry "o disso%4e &)o:"
*,g
of )%&ck 1owder in &)o:" one %i"er of )oi%ing w&"er.
(i%"er "he disso%4ed so%:"ion "hro:gh fi%"er 1&1er :n"i% "he %i>:id
"h&" 1o:rs "hro:gh is c%e&r. The ch&rco&% &nd s:%f:r in )%&ck 1owder &re
inso%:)%e in w&"er! &nd so when "he so%:"ion is &%%owed "o e4&1or&"e!
s#&%%
crys"&%s of 1o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e wi%% )e %ef" in "he con"&iner.
6D75OSIV6 (O$M25AS
Once &g&in! 1ersons re&ding "his #&"eri&% sho:%d ne4er &""e#1" "o
1rod:ce &ny of "he e;1%osi4es descri)ed here. I" is i%%eg&% &nd
e;"re#e%y
d&ngero:s "o do so. 5oss of %ife &nd %i#)s co:%d e&si%y res:%" fro# &
f&i%ed
(or s:ccessf:%) &""e#1" "o 1rod:ce &ny e;1%osi4es or h&B&rdo:s
che#ic&%s.
These 1roced:res &re correc"! howe4er #&ny of "he #e"hods gi4en
here
&re :s:&%%y sc&%ed down ind:s"ri&% 1roced:res! &nd "herefore #&y )e
)e""er
s:i"ed "o %&rge sc&%e 1rod:c"ion.
6;1%osi4e Theory
An e;1%osi4e is &ny #&"eri&% "h&"! when igni"ed )y he&"! shock! or
che#ic&% re&c"ion! :ndergoes r&1id deco#1osi"ion or o;id&"ion. This
1rocess
re%e&ses energy "h&" is s"ored in "he #&"eri&%. The energy! in "he for#
of
he&" &nd %igh"! is re%e&sed when "he #&"eri&% )re&ks down in"o g&seo:s
co#1o:nds "h&" occ:1y & #:ch %&rger 4o%:#e "h&" "he e;1%osi4e did
origin&%%y. Bec&:se "his e;1&nsion is 4ery r&1id! "he e;1&nding g&sses
dis1%&ce %&rge 4o%:#es of &ir. This e;1&nsion of"en occ:rs &" & s1eed
gre&"er "h&n "he s1eed of so:nd! cre&"ing & shockw&4e si#i%&r "o "he
sonic
)oo# 1rod:ced )y high9s1eed @e" 1%&nes.
6;1%osi4es occ:r in se4er&% for#s high order e;1%osi4es
(de"on&"ing
e;1%osi4es)!%ow order e;1%osi4es (def%&gr&"ing e;1%osi4es)! 1ri#ers! &nd
so#e e;1%osi4es which c&n 1rogress fro# def%&gr&"ing "o de"on&"ion. A%%
high
order e;1%osi4es &re c&1&)%e of de"on&"ion. So#e high order e;1%osi4es
#&y
s"&r" o:" ):rning (def%&gr&"ion) &nd 1rogress "o de"on&"ion. A
de"on&"ion
c&n on%y occ:r in & high order e;1%osi4e.
De"on&"ion is c&:sed )y & shockw&4e "h&" 1&sses "hro:gh & )%ock of
"he
high e;1%osi4e #&"eri&%. 3igh e;1%osi4es consis" of #o%ec:%es wi"h #&ny
high9energy )onds. The shockw&4e )re&ks &1&r" "he #o%ec:%&r )onds
)e"ween
"he &"o#s of "he #&"eri&%! &" & r&"e &11ro;i#&"e%y e>:&% "o "he s1eed of
so:nd "r&4e%ing "hro:gh "h&" s:)s"&nce. Bec&:se high e;1%osi4es &re
gener&%%y so%ids or %i>:ids! "his s1eed c&n )e #:ch gre&"er "h&n "he
s1eed
of so:nd in &ir.
2n%ike %ow9e;1%osi4es! "he f:e% &nd o;idiBer in & high9e;1%osi4e
&re
che#ic&%%y )onded! &nd "his )ond is :s:&%%y "oo s"rong "o )e e&si%y
)roken.
2s:&%%y & 1ri#er #&de fro# & sensi"i4e high e;1%osi4e is :sed "o
ini"i&"e
"he de"on&"ion. =hen "he 1ri#er de"on&"es i" sends & shockw&4e "hro:gh
"he
high9e;1%osi4e. This shockw&4e )re&ks &1&r" "he )onds! &nd "he che#ic&%s
re%e&sed reco#)ine "o 1rod:ce #os"%y g&sses. So#e e;&#1%es of high
e;1%osi4es &re dyn&#i"e! &##oni:# ni"r&"e! &nd $DD.
5ow order e;1%osi4es do no" de"on&"e. Ins"e&d "hey ):rn (:ndergo
o;id&"ion) &" & 4ery high r&"e. =hen he&"ed! "he f:e% &nd o;idiBer
co#)ine
"o 1rod:ce he&"! %igh"! &nd g&seo:s 1rod:c"s.
So#e %ow order #&"eri&%s ):rn &" &)o:" "he s&#e s1eed :nder
1ress:re
&s "hey do in "he o1en! s:ch &s )%&ck1owder. O"hers! s:ch &s s#oke%ess
g:n1owder (which is 1ri#&ri%y ni"roce%%:%ose) ):rn #:ch f&s"er &nd
ho""er
when "hey &re in & confined s1&ce! s:ch &s "he )&rre% of & fire&r#K "hey
:s:&%%y ):rn #:ch s%ower "h&n )%&ck1owder when "hey &re igni"ed in "he
o1en.
B%&ck1owder! ni"roce%%:%ose! &nd f%&sh 1owder &re co##on e;&#1%es of %ow
order e;1%osi4es.
7ri#ers &re "he #os" d&ngero:s e;1%osi4e co#1o:nds in co##on :se.
So#e
of "he#! s:ch &s #erc:ry f:%#in&"e! wi%% f:nc"ion &s & %ow or high order
e;1%osi4e. They &re chosen )ec&:se "hey &re #ore sensi"i4e "o fric"ion!
he&"! &nd shock! "h&n co##on%y :sed high or %ow e;1%osi4es. Mos"
1ri#ers
1erfor# %ike & d&ngero:s%y sensi"i4e high e;1%osi4e. O"hers #ere%y ):rn!
):"
when "hey &re confined! "hey ):rn &" & 4ery high r&"e &nd wi"h & %&rge
e;1&nsion of g&sses "h&" 1rod:ces & shockw&4e. A s#&%% &#o:n" of &
1ri#ing
#&"eri&% is :sed "o ini"i&"e! or c&:se "o deco#1ose! & %&rge >:&n"i"y of
re%&"i4e%y insensi"i4e high e;1%osi4es. They &re &%so fre>:en"%y :sed &s
&
re%i&)%e #e&ns of igni"ing %ow order e;1%osi4es. The g:n1owder in &
):%%e"
is igni"ed )y "he de"on&"ion of "he 1ri#er.
B%&s"ing c&1s &re si#i%&r "o 1ri#ers! ):" "hey :s:&%%y inc%:de )o"h
& 1ri#er &nd so#e in"er#edi&"e e;1%osi4e. 8o#1o:nds :sed &s 1ri#ers c&n
inc%:de %e&d &Bide! %e&d s"y1hn&"e! di&Bodini"ro1heno% or #i;":res of
"wo
or #ore of "he#. A s#&%% ch&rge of 76TN! $DD! or 1en"o%i"e #&y )e
inc%:ded
in "he #ore 1owerf:% )%&s"ing c&1s! s:ch &s "hose :sed in gren&des. The
s#&%% ch&rge of #oder&"e%y9sensi"i4e high e;1%osi4e ini"i&"es & #:ch
%&rger
ch&rge of insensi"i4e high e;1%osi4e.
I#1&c" 6;1%osi4es
I#1&c" e;1%osi4es &re of"en :sed &s 1ri#ers. Of "he ones disc:ssed
here! on%y #erc:ry f:%#in&"e &nd ni"rog%ycerine &re re&% e;1%osi4esK
A##oni:# "riiodide crys"&%s deco#1ose :1on i#1&c"! ):" "hey re%e&se
%i""%e
he&" &nd no %igh". I#1&c" e;1%osi4es &re &%w&ys "re&"ed wi"h "he
gre&"es"
c&re! &nd no)ody wi"ho:" &n e;"re#e de&"h wish wo:%d s"ore "he# ne&r &ny
high or %ow e;1%osi4es.
A##oni:# "riiodide crys"&%s (ni"rogen "riiodide)
A##oni:# "riiodide crys"&%s &re fo:% s#e%%ing 1:r1%e co%ored
crys"&%s
"h&" deco#1ose :nder "he s%igh"es" &#o:n" of he&"! fric"ion! or shock!
if
"hey &re #&de wi"h "he 1:res" &##oni& (&##oni:# hydro;ide) &nd iodine.
S:ch
crys"&%s &re so sensi"i4e "h&" "hey wi%% deco#1ose when & f%y %&nds on
"he#!
or when &n &n" w&%ks &cross "he#. 3o:seho%d &##oni&! howe4er! h&s eno:gh
i#1:ri"ies! s:ch &s so&1s &nd &)r&si4e &gen"s! so "h&" "he crys"&%s wi%%
de"on&"e on%y when "hrown! cr:shed! or he&"ed.
The &##oni& &4&i%&)%e in s"ores co#es in & 4&rie"y of for#s. The
1ine
&nd c%o:dy &##oni& sho:%d no" )e :sedK on%y "he s"rong c%e&r &##oni& c&n
)e
:sed "o #&ke &##oni:# "riiodide crys"&%s. 21on de"on&"ion! & %o:d re1or"
is
he&rd! &nd & c%o:d of 1:r1%e iodine g&s wi%% &11e&r. =h&"e4er "he
:nfor":n&"e s:rf&ce "h&" "he crys"&% w&s de"on&"ed :1on! i" wi%%
1ro)&)%y
)e r:ined! &s so#e of "he iodine in "he crys"&% is "hrown &)o:" in &
so%id
for#! &nd iodine is corrosi4e. I" %e&4es n&s"y! :g%y! )rownish91:r1%e
s"&ins on wh&"e4er i" con"&c"s. These s"&ins c&n )e re#o4ed wi"h
1ho"ogr&1herHs hy1o so%:"ion! or wi"h "he dech%orin&"ing co#1o:nd so%d
for
:se in fish "&nks.
Iodine f:#es &re &%so )&d news! since "hey c&n d&#&ge yo:r %:ngs!
&nd
"hey wi%% se""%e "o "he gro:nd!%e&4ing s"&ins "here &s we%%. 8on"&c"
wi"h
iodine %e&4es )rown s"&ins on "he skin "h&" %&s" for &)o:" & week!
:n%ess
"hey &re i##edi&"e%y &nd 4igoro:s%y w&shed off.
A##oni:# "riiodide crys"&%s co:%d )e 1rod:ced in "he fo%%owing
#&nner
M&"eri&%s
iodine crys"&%sf:nne% fi%"er 1&1erg%&ss s"irring rod
1&1er "owe%s c%e&r &##oni&"wo g%&ss @&rs1o"&ssi:# iodide
1) 7%&ce 5 gr&#s of iodine in"o one of "he g%&ss @&rs. Bec&:se "he
iodine is 4ery diffic:%" "o re#o4e! :se @&rs "h&" yo: donH" w&n" "o
s&4e.
C) Add eno:gh &##oni& "o co#1%e"e%y co4er "he iodine. S"ir se4er&%
"i#es! "hen &dd 5 gr&#s of 1o"&ssi:# iodide. S"ir for -, seconds.
-) 7%&ce "he f:nne% in"o "he o"her @&r! &nd 1:" "he fi%"er 1&1er in
"he f:nne%. The "echni>:e for 1:""ing fi%"er 1&1er in & f:nne% is "&:gh"
in
e4ery )&sic che#is"ry %&) c%&ss fo%d "he circ:%&r 1&1er in h&%f! so
"h&"
& se#icirc%e is for#ed. Then! fo%d i" in h&%f &g&in "o for# & "ri&ng%e
wi"h
one c:r4ed side. 7:%% one "hickness of 1&1er o:" "o for# & cone! &nd
1%&ce
"he cone in"o "he f:nne%.
+) Af"er &%%owing "he iodine "o so&k in "he &##oni& for & whi%e!
1o:r
"he so%:"ion in"o "he 1&1er in "he f:nne% "hro:gh "he fi%"er 1&1er.
5) =hi%e "he so%:"ion is )eing fi%"ered! 1:" #ore &##oni& in"o "he
firs" @&r "o w&sh &ny re#&ining crys"&%s in"o "he f:nne% &s soon &s i"
dr&ins.
') 8o%%ec" &%% "he crys"&%s wi"ho:" "o:ching "he )rown fi%"er
1&1er!
&nd 1%&ce "he# on "he 1&1er "owe%s "o dry. M&ke s:re "h&" "hey &re no"
"oo
c%ose "o &ny %igh"s or o"her so:rces of he&"! &s "hey co:%d we%%
de"on&"e.
=hi%e "hey &re s"i%% we"! di4ide "he we" #&"eri&% in"o s#&%% 1ieces &s
%&rge
&s yo:r "h:#)n&i%.
To :se "he#! si#1%y "hrow "he# &g&ins" &ny s:rf&ce or 1%&ce "he#
where
"hey wi%% )e s"e11ed on or cr:shed. =hen "he crys"&%s &re dis":r)ed "hey
deco#1ose in"o iodine 4&1or! ni"rogen! &nd &##oni&.
-IC O 5N3+O3 - N3+I O N3-NI- O 53CO
iodine O &##oni:# hydro;ide &##oni:# iodide O &##oni:# ni"rogen
"riiodide O w&"er
The o1"i#&% yie%d fro# 1:re iodine is 5+I of "he origin&% #&ss in
"he
for# of "he e;1%osi4e sedi#en". The re#&inder of "he iodine re#&ins in
"he
so%:"ion of &##oni:# iodide! &nd c&n )e e;"r&c"ed )y e;"r&c"ing "he
w&"er
(4&c::# dis"i%%&"ion is &n efficien" #e"hod) &nd "re&"ing "he re#&ining
1rod:c" wi"h ch%orine.
Merc:ry (:%#in&"e
Merc:ry f:%#in&"e is 1erh&1s one of "he o%des" known ini"i&"ing
co#1o:nds. I" c&n )e de"on&"ed )y ei"her he&" or shock. 64en "he &c"ion
of
dro11ing & crys"&% of "he f:%#in&"e c&n c&:se i" "o e;1%ode. This
#&"eri&%
c&n )e 1rod:ced "hro:gh "he fo%%owing 1roced:re
MAT6$IA5S
5 g #erc:ry g%&ss s"irring rod )%:e %i"#:s
1&1er
-5 #% conc ni"ric &cid fi%"er 1&1er s#&%% f:nne%
1,, #% )e&ker (C) &cid resis"&n" g%o4es he&" so:rce
-, #% e"hy% &%coho% dis"i%%ed w&"er
So%4en" &%coho% #:s" )e &" %e&s" *5I e"hy% &%coho% if i" is :sed "o
#&ke #erc:ry f:%#in&"e. Me"hy% &%coho% #&y 1re4en" #erc:ry f:%#in&"e
fro#
for#ing.
Merc:ry "her#o#e"ers &re )eco#ing & r&ri"y! :nfor":n&"e%y. They #&y
)e h&rd "o find in #os" s"ores &s "hey h&4e )een s:1erseded )y &%coho%
&nd
o"her %ess "o;ic fi%%ings. Merc:ry is &%so :sed in #erc:ry swi"ches!
which
&re &4&i%&)%e &" e%ec"ronics s"ores. Merc:ry is & h&B&rdo:s s:)s"&nce!
&nd
sho:%d )e ke1" in "he "her#o#e"er! #erc:ry swi"ch! or o"her con"&iner
:n"i%
:sed. A" roo# "e#1er&":re #erc:ry 4&1or is e4o%4ed! &nd i" c&n )e
&)sor)ed
"hro:gh "he skin. Once in yo:r )ody #erc:ry wi%% c&:se d&#&ge "o "he
)r&in
&nd o"her org&ns. (or "his re&son! i" is & good ide& no" "o s1i%%
#erc:ry!
&nd "o &%w&ys :se i" o:"doors. A%so! do no" ge" i" in &n o1en c:"K
r:))er
g%o4es wi%% he%1 1re4en" "his.
1) In one )e&ker! #i; 5 g of #erc:ry wi"h -5 #% of concen"r&"ed
ni"ric
&cid! :sing "he g%&ss rod.
C) S%ow%y he&" "he #i;":re :n"i% "he #erc:ry is disso%4ed! which is
when "he so%:"ion ":rns green &nd )oi%s.
-) 7%&ce -, #% of e"hy% &%coho% in"o "he second )e&ker! &nd s%ow%y
&nd
c&ref:%%y &dd &%% of "he con"en"s of "he firs" )e&ker "o i". $ed &nd?or
)rown f:#es sho:%d &11e&r. These f:#es &re "o;ic &nd f%&##&)%e.
+) )e"ween "hir"y &nd for"y #in:"es &f"er "he f:#es firs" &11e&r!
"hey
sho:%d ":rn whi"e! indic&"ing "h&" "he re&c"ion is ne&r co#1%e"ion.
Af"er
"en #ore #in:"es! &dd -, #% dis"i%%ed w&"er "o "he so%:"ion.
5) 8&ref:%%y fi%"er o:" "he crys"&%s of #erc:ry f:%#in&"e fro# "he
%i>:id so%:"ion. Dis1ose of "he so%:"ion in & s&fe 1%&ce! &s i" is
corrosi4e &nd "o;ic.
') =&sh "he crys"&%s se4er&% "i#es in dis"i%%ed w&"er "o re#o4e &s
#:ch e;cess &cid &s 1ossi)%e. Tes" "he crys"&%s wi"h "he %i"#:s 1&1er
:n"i%
"hey &re ne:"r&%. This wi%% )e when "he %i"#:s 1&1er s"&ys )%:e when i"
"o:ches "he we" crys"&%s.
E) A%%ow "he crys"&%s "o dry! &nd s"ore "he# in & s&fe 1%&ce! f&r
&w&y
fro# &ny e;1%osi4e or f%&##&)%e #&"eri&%.
This 1roced:re c&n &%so )e done )y 4o%:#e! if "he &4&i%&)%e #erc:ry
c&nno" )e weighed. Si#1%y :se 1, 4o%:#es of ni"ric &cid &nd 1, 4o%:#es
of
e"h&no% "o e4ery one 4o%:#e of #erc:ry.
Ni"rog%ycerin (8-35N-O*)
Ni"rog%ycerin is one of "he #os" sensi"i4e e;1%osi4es e4er "o )e
co##erci&%%y 1rod:ced. I" is & 4ery dense %i>:id! &nd is sensi"i4e "o
he&"!
i#1&c"! &nd #&ny org&nic #&"eri&%s. A%"ho:gh i" is no" w&"er so%:)%e! i"
wi%% disso%4e in + 1&r"s of 1:re e"hy% &%coho%.
3e&" of 8o#):s"ion 15., c&%?g
7rod:c"s of 6;1%osion 8&r)on Dio;ide! =&"er! Ni"rogen! O;ygen
3:#&n To;ici"y 3igh%y "o;ic 4&sodi%&"or! &4oid skin con"&c"A
A%"ho:gh i" is 1ossi)%e "o #&ke i" s&fe%y! i" is diffic:%" "o do so
in s#&%% >:&n"i"ies. M&ny & yo:ng 1yro"echnici&n h&s )een ki%%ed or
serio:s%y in@:red whi%e "rying "o #&ke "he s":ff. =hen No)e%Hs
f&c"ories
#&ke i"! #&ny 1eo1%e were ki%%ed )y "he &%%9"o9fre>:en" f&c"ory
e;1%osions.
2s:&%%y! &s soon &s ni"rog%ycerin is #&de! i" is con4er"ed in"o & s&fer
s:)s"&nce! s:ch &s dyn&#i"e. A 1erson foo%ish eno:gh "o #&ke
ni"rog%ycerine co:%d :se "he fo%%owing 1roced:re
6P2I7M6NT
dis"i%%ed w&"er eyedro11er "her#o#e"er
1 1,, #% )e&ker C, g sodi:# )ic&r)on&"e g%ycerine
- -,, #% )e&kers 1- #% concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid
)%:e %i"#:s 1&1er -* #% concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid
C ice )&"hs
C s#&%% non9#e"&%%ic con"&iners e&ch fi%%ed h&%fw&y wi"h
cr:shed ice
' "&)%es1oons "&)%e s&%"
The s&%" wi%% %ower "he freeBing 1oin" of "he w&"er! incre&sing "he
coo%ing efficiency of "he
ice )&"h.
1) 7re1&re "he "wo ice )&"hs. =hi%e "he ice )&"hs &re coo%ing! 1o:r
15, #% of dis"i%%ed w&"er in"o e&ch of "he )e&kers.
C) S%ow%y &dd sodi:# )ic&r)on&"e "o "he second )e&ker! s"irring
cons"&n"%y. Do no" &dd "oo #:ch sodi:# )ic&r)on&"e "o "he w&"er. If so#e
re#&ins :ndisso%4ed! 1o:r "he so%:"ion in"o & fresh )e&ker.
-) 7%&ce "he 1,, #% )e&ker in"o "he ice )&"h! &nd 1o:r "he 1- #% of
concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid in"o "he 1,, #% )e&ker. Be s:re "h&" "he
)e&ker
wi%% no" s1i%% in"o "he ice )&"h! &nd "h&" "he ice )&"h wi%% no"
o4erf%ow
in"o "he )e&ker when #ore #&"eri&%s &re &dded "o i". Be s:re "o h&4e &
%&rge eno:gh con"&iner "o &dd #ore ice if i" ge"s "oo w&r#. Bring "he
"e#1er&":re of "he &cid down "o C,, cen"igr&de or %ess.
+) S%ow%y &nd c&ref:%%y &dd -* #% of concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid "o
"he
ni"ric &cid. Mi; we%%! "hen coo% "he #i;":re "o 1,, cen"igr&de. Do no"
)e
&%&r#ed if "he "e#1er&":re rises s%igh"%y when "he &cids &re #i;ed.
5) =i"h "he eyedro11er! s%ow%y dri1 "he g%ycerine on"o "he &cid
#i;":re! one dro1 &" & "i#e. 3o%d "he "her#o#e"er &%ong "he "o1 of "he
#i;":re where "he #i;ed &cids &nd g%ycerine #ee".
The g%ycerine wi%% s"&r" "o ni"r&"e i##edi&"e%y! &nd "he
"e#1er&":re
wi%% i##edi&"e%y )egin "o rise. Do no" &%%ow "he "e#1er&":re "o rise
&)o4e
-,, ce%si:s. If "he "e#1er&":re is &%%owed "o ge" "o high! "he
ni"rog%ycerin
#&y deco#1ose s1on"&neo:s%y &s i" is for#ed. Add g%ycerine :n"i% "here
is
& "hin %&yer of g%ycerine on "o1 of "he #i;ed &cids.
') S"ir "he #i;":re for "he firs" "en #in:"es of ni"r&"ion! if
neccess&ry &dding ice &nd s&%" "o "he ice )&"h "o kee1 "he "e#1er&":re
of
"he so%:"ion in "he 1,, #% )e&ker we%% )e%ow -,,. The ni"rog%ycerine
wi%%
for# on "he "o1 of "he #i;ed &cid so%:"ion! &nd "he concen"r&"ed
s:%f:ric
&cid wi%% &)sor) "he w&"er 1rod:ced )y "he re&c"ion.
E) =hen "he re&c"ion is o4er! "he ni"rog%ycerine sho:%d )e chi%%ed
"o
)e%ow C5,. <o: c&n now s%ow%y &nd c&ref:%%y 1o:r "he so%:"ion of
ni"rog%ycerine &nd #i;ed &cid in"o "he )e&ker of dis"i%%ed w&"er in "he
)e&ker . The ni"rog%ycerine sho:%d se""%e "o "he )o""o# of "he )e&ker!
&nd
"he w&"er9&cid so%:"ion on "o1 c&n )e 1o:red off &nd dis1osed of. Dr&in
&s
#:ch of "he &cid9w&"er so%:"ion &s 1ossi)%e wi"ho:" dis":r)ing "he
ni"rog%ycerine.
.) 8&ref:%%y re#o4e & s#&%% >:&n"i"y of ni"rog%ycerine wi"h & c%e&n
eye9dro11er! &nd 1%&ce i" in"o "he )e&ker fi%%ed in s"e1 C. The sodi:#
)ic&r)on&"e so%:"ion wi%% e%i#in&"e #:ch of "he &cid! which wi%% #&ke
"he
ni"rog%ycerine %ess %ike%y "o s1on"&neo:s%y e;1%ode. Tes" "he
ni"rog%ycerine wi"h "he %i"#:s 1&1er :n"i% "he %i"#:s s"&ys )%:e.
$e1e&"
"his s"e1 if necess&ry! :sing new sodi:# )ic&r)on&"e so%:"ions e&ch
"i#e.
*) =hen "he ni"rog%ycerine is &s &cid9free &s 1ossi)%e! s"ore i" in
& c%e&n con"&iner in & s&fe 1%&ce. The )es" 1%&ce "o s"ore
ni"rog%ycerine
is f&r &w&y &s 1ossi)%e fro# &ny"hing of 4&%:e. Ni"rog%ycerine c&n
e;1%ode
for no &11&ren" re&son! e4en if i" is s"ored in & sec:re coo% 1%&ce.
7icr&"es
A%"ho:gh "he 1roced:re for "he 1rod:c"ion of 1icric &cid! or
"rini"ro1heno% h&s no" ye" )een gi4en! i"s s&%"s &re descri)ed firs"!
since
"hey &re e;"re#e%y sensi"i4e! &nd de"on&"e on i#1&c".
By #i;ing 1icric &cid wi"h & w&r# so%:"ion of & #e"&% hydro;ide!
s:ch
&s sodi:# or 1o"&ssi:# hydro;ide! #e"&% 1icr&"es &re for#ed. These
1icr&"es
&re e&si%y so%:)%e in w&r# w&"er! (1o"&ssi:# 1icr&"e wi%% disso%4e in +
1&r"s w&"er &" 1,,, 8)! ):" re%&"i4e%y inso%:)%e in co%d w&"er
(1o"&ssi:#
1icr&"e wi%% disso%4e in C,, 1&r"s w&"er &" 1,, 8). =hi%e #&ny of "hese
1icr&"es &re d&ngero:s%y i#1&c" sensi"i4e! o"hers &re &%#os" s&fe eno:gh
for
& s:icid&% 1erson "o consider "heir #&n:f&c":re.
To con4er" 1icric &cid in"o 1o"&ssi:# 1icr&"e! yo: firs" need "o
o)"&in 1icric &cid! or 1rod:ce i" )y fo%%owing "he ins"r:c"ions gi4en on
1&ge C'. If "he &cid is in so%id for# i" sho:%d )e #i;ed wi"h 1,I w&"er
()y
weigh").
7re1&re & #oder&"e%y s"rong (' #o%e) so%:"ion of 1o"&ssi:#
hydro;ide!
&nd he&" i" :n"i% i" &%#os" re&ches & s%ow )oi%. 5ower "he "e#1er&":re
1,
degrees! &nd s%ow%y &dd "he 1icric &cid so%:"ion. A" firs" "he #i;":re
sho:%d ):))%e s"rong%y! re%e&sing c&r)on dio;ide. when "he ):))%es ce&se
s"o1 &dding 1icric &cid. 8oo% "he so%:"ion "o 1,, 8. 7o"&ssi:# 1icr&"e
wi%%
crys"&%%iBe o:". The so%:"ion sho:%d )e 1ro1er%y dis1osed of.
These crys"&%s &re i#1&c"9sensi"i4e! &nd c&n )e :sed &s &n
ini"i&"or
for &ny "y1e of high e;1%osi4e. The crys"&%s sho:%d )e s"ored in &
1%&s"ic
or g%&ss con"&iner :nder dis"i%%ed w&"er.
5ow Order 6;1%osi4es
5ow order e;1%osi4es c&n )e defined &s & sing%e co#1o:nd of #i;":re
of co#1o:nds which ):rns &" & high r&"e 1rod:cing & %&rge &#o:n" of g&s!
which is :s:&%%y &cco#1&nied )y he&" &nd %igh". Mos" h&4e "he fo%%owing
co#1onen"s.
An o;idiBer This c&n )e &ny che#ic&% which con"&ins & %&rge
&#o:n" of o;ygen. =hen he&"ed "he o;idiBer gi4es :1 "his o;ygen.
A f:e% The f:e% is of"en c&r)on! or & fine%y 1owdered #e"&%.
I" is "he #&"eri&% "h&" does "he &c":&% ):rning.
A c&"&%ys" The c&"&%ys" #&kes i" e&sier for "he o;idiBer "o
re&c" wi"h "he f:e%! &nd is #&nd&"ory for #&ny of "he %ess 1owerf:%
e;1%osi4es. No" &%% %ow e;1%osi4es need & c&"&%ys"! &nd in #&ny
c&ses
(s:ch &s f%&sh 1owder) &dding & c&"&%ys" c&n #&ke "he e;1%osi4e
d&ngero:s%y sensi"i4e.
There &re #&ny %ow9order e;1%osi4es "h&" c&n )e 1:rch&sed in g:n
s"ores &nd :sed in e;1%osi4e de4ices. 3owe4er! i" is 1ossi)%e "h&" &
wise
s"ore owner wo:%d no" se%% "hese s:)s"&nces "o & s:s1icio:s9%ooking
indi4id:&%. S:ch &n indi4id:&% wo:%d "hen )e forced "o resor" "o #&king
his
own %ow9order e;1%osi4es.
There &re #&ny co##on #&"eri&%s which c&n )e :sed "o 1rod:ce %ow
e;1%osi4es. =i"h & s"rong eno:gh con"&iner! &%#os" &ny #i;":re of &n
o;idiBer &nd & f:e% c&n )e :sed "o #&ke &n e;1%osi4e de4ice.
B%&ck 7owder
(irs" #&de )y "he 8hinese for :se in fireworks! )%&ck 1owder w&s
firs"
:sed in we&1ons &nd e;1%osi4es in "he 1C"h cen":ry. I" is 4ery si#1%e
"o
#&ke! ):" i" is no" 4ery 1owerf:% or s&fe. On%y &)o:" h&%f "he #&ss of
)%&ck 1owder is con4er"ed "o ho" g&sses when i" is ):rnedK "he o"her
h&%f
is re%e&sed &s 4ery fine ):rned 1&r"ic%es. B%&ck 1owder h&s one #&@or
d&nger i" c&n )e igni"ed )y s"&"ic e%ec"rici"y. This is 4ery
h&B&rdo:s!
&nd i" #e&ns "h&" "he #&"eri&% #:s" )e #&de wi"h wooden or c%&y "oo%s "o
&4oid gener&"ing & s"&"ic ch&rge.
MAT6$IA5S
E5 g 1o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e dis"i%%ed w&"er
ch&rco&% wooden s&%&d )ow%
1, g s:%f:r wooden s1oon
he&" so:rce )re&"hing fi%"er
grinding )ow% - 1%&s"ic )&gs
5,, #% )e&ker fine #esh screen
1) 7%&ce & s#&%% &#o:n" of "he 1o"&ssi:# or sodi:# ni"r&"e in "he
grinding )ow% &nd grind i" "o & 4ery fine 1owder. /rind &%% of "he
1o"&ssi:# or sodi:# ni"r&"e! &nd 1&ss i" "hro:gh "he screen "o re#o4e
&ny
%&rge 1&r"ic%es. S"ore "he sif"ed 1owder in one of "he 1%&s"ic )&gs.
C) $e1e&" s"e1 one wi"h "he s:%f:r &nd ch&rco&%! )eing c&ref:% "o
grind e&ch che#ic&% wi"h & c%e&n )ow% &nd "oo%. s"ore e&ch che#ic&% in &
se1&r&"e 1%&s"ic )&g.
-) 7%&ce &%% of "he fine%y gro:nd 1o"&ssi:# or sodi:# ni"r&"e in
"he
)e&ker! &nd &dd @:s" eno:gh )oi%ing w&"er "o "he che#ic&% "o #ois"en i"
:nifor#%y.
+) Add "he con"en"s of "he o"her 1%&s"ic )&gs "o "he we" 1o"&ssi:#
or
sodi:# ni"r&"e! &nd #i; "he# we%% for se4er&% #in:"es. Do "his :n"i%
"here
is no #ore 4isi)%e s:%f:r or ch&rco&%! or :n"i% "he #i;":re is
:ni4ers&%%y
)%&ck.
5) On & w&r# s:nny d&y! 1:" "he )e&ker o:"side in "he direc"
s:n%igh".
S:n%igh" is re&%%y "he )es" w&y "o dry )%&ck 1owder! since i" is se%do#
"oo
ho"! ):" i" is :s:&%%y ho" eno:gh "o e4&1or&"e "he w&"er.
') 2sing & wooden "oo%! scr&1e "he )%&ck 1owder o:" of "he )e&ker!
&nd
s"ore i" in & s&fe con"&iner. S"&"ic 1roof 1%&s"ic is re&%%y "he s&fes"
con"&iner! fo%%owed )y 1&1er. Ne4er s"ore )%&ck 1owder in & 1%&s"ic
)&g!
since 1%&s"ic )&gs &re 1rone "o gener&"e s"&"ic e%ec"rici"y. If & s#&%%
1&cke" of desicc&n" is &dded "he 1owder wi%% re#&in effec"i4e
indefini"e%y.
Ni"roce%%:%ose
Ni"roce%%:%ose is co##on%y c&%%ed Gg:n1owderG or Gg:nco""onG. I"
is
#ore s"&)%e "h&n )%&ck 1owder! &nd i" 1rod:ces & #:ch gre&"er 4o%:#e of
ho"
g&s. I" &%so ):rns #:ch f&s"er "h&n )%&ck 1owder when in & confined
s1&ce.
A%"ho:gh "he &cids :sed c&n )e 4ery d&ngero:s if s&fe"y 1rec&:"ions
&re no" fo%%owed! ni"roce%%:%ose is f&ir%y e&sy "o #&ke! &s o:"%ined )y
"he
fo%%owing 1roced:re
MAT6$IA5S
co""on (ce%%:%ose) (C) -,, #% )e&kers
s#&%% f:nne% )%:e %i"#:s 1&1er
concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid
dis"i%%ed w&"er g%&ss rod
1) 7o:r 1, cc of concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid in"o "he )e&ker. Add
"o
"his 1, cc of concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid.
C) I##edi&"e%y &dd ,.5 g# of co""on! &nd &%%ow i" "o so&k for
e;&c"%y
- #in:"es.
-) $e#o4e "he ni"r&"ed co""on! &nd "r&nsfer i" "o & )e&ker of
dis"i%%ed w&"er "o w&sh i" in.
+) A%%ow "he #&"eri&% "o dry! &nd "hen re9w&sh i".
5) Af"er "he co""on is ne:"r&% when "es"ed wi"h %i"#:s 1&1er! i" is
re&dy "o )e dried &nd s"ored.
One co##on for#:%& s1ecifies - 1&r"s s:%f:ric &cid "o one 1&r"
ni"ric
&cid. This h&s no" )een de#ons"r&"ed "o )e #ore effec"i4e "h&n e>:&%
4o%:#es
of e&ch. $:n&w&y ni"r&"ion is co##on1%&ce! ):" i" is :s:&%%y no"
dis&s"ro:s.
I" h&s )een s:gges"ed "h&" 1re9w&shing "he co""on c%o"h in & so%:"ion of
%ye! &nd rinsing i" we%% in dis"i%%ed w&"er )efore ni"r&"ing c&n he%1
1re4en" r:n&w&y ni"r&"ion. If "he re&c"ion &11e&rs "o )e #ore 4igoro:s
"h&n
e;1ec"ed! w&"er wi%% >:ench "he r:n&w&y re&c"ion of ce%%:%ose.
=A$NIN/S
A%% "he :s:&% w&rnings &)o:" s"rong &cids &11%y. 3CSO+ h&s &
"endency
"o s1&""er. =hen i" f&%%s on "he skin! i" des"roys "iss:e 4ery
1&inf:%%y.
I" disso%4es &%% #&nner of c%o"hing. Ni"ric &%so d&#&ges skin! ":rning
i"
)righ" ye%%ow in "he 1rocess of e&"ing &w&y &" yo:r f%esh. Ni"ric &cid
is
& 1o"en" o;idiBer &nd i" c&n s"&r" fires. Mos" s"rong &cids wi%% h&11i%y
)%ind yo: if yo: ge" "he# in yo:r eyes! &nd "hese &re no e;ce1"ion.
Ni"roce%%:%ose deco#1oses 4ery s%ow%y on s"or&ge if isnH" correc"%y
s"&)i%iBed. The deco#1osi"ion is &:"o9c&"&%yBing! &nd c&n res:%" in
s1on"&neo:s e;1%osion if "he #&"eri&% is ke1" confined o4er "i#e. The
1rocess is #:ch f&s"er if "he #&"eri&% is no" w&shed we%% eno:gh.
Ni"roce%%:%ose 1owders con"&in s"&)i%iBers s:ch &s di1heny% &#ine or
e"hy%
cen"r&%i"e. Do no" &%%ow "hese "o co#e in"o con"&c" wi"h ni"ric &cidA A
s#&%% &#o:n" of ei"her s:)s"&nce &dded "o "he w&shed 1rod:c" wi%%
c&1":re
"he s#&%% &#o:n"s of ni"rogen o;ides "h&" res:%" fro# deco#1osi"ion.
They
"herefore inhi)i" "he &:"oc&"&%ysis. N8 e4en":&%%y wi%% deco#1ose in &ny
c&se.
8o##erci&%%y 1rod:ced Ni"roce%%:%ose is s"&)i%iBed )y s1inning i"
in
& %&rge cen"rif:ge "o re#o4e "he re#&ining &cid! which is recyc%ed. I"
is
"hen )oi%ed in &cid:%&"ed w&"er &nd w&shing "horo:gh%y wi"h fresh w&"er.
If
"he N8 is "o )e :sed &s s#oke%ess 1owder i" is )oi%ed in & sod&
so%:"ion!
"hen rinsed in fresh w&"er.
The 1:rer "he &cid :sed (%ower w&"er con"en") "he #ore co#1%e"e "he
ni"r&"ion wi%% )e! &nd "he #ore 1owerf:% "he ni"roce%%:%ose 1rod:ced.
There
&re &c":&%%y "hree for#s of ce%%:%ose ni"r&"e! on%y one of which is
:sef:%
for 1yro"echnic 1:r1oses. The #ononi"r&"e &nd dini"r&"e &re no"
e;1%osi4e!
&nd &re 1rod:ced )y inco#1%e"e ni"r&"ion. The e;1%osi4e "rin&"r&"e is
on%y
for#ed when "he ni"r&"ion is &%%owed "o 1roceed "o co#1%e"ion.
7erch%or&"es
As & r:%e! &ny o;idiB&)%e #&"eri&% "h&" is "re&"ed wi"h 1erch%oric
&cid wi%% )eco#e & %ow order e;1%osi4e. Me"&%s! howe4er! s:ch &s
1o"&ssi:#
or sodi:#! )eco#e e;ce%%en" )&ses for f%&sh "y1e 1owders. So#e
#&"eri&%s
"h&" c&n )e 1erch%or&"ed &re co""on! 1&1er! &nd s&wd:s". To 1rod:ce
1o"&ssi:# or sodi:# 1erch%or&"e! si#1%y &c>:ire "he hydro;ide of "h&"
#e"&%!
e.g. sodi:# or 1o"&ssi:# hydro;ide.
I" is & good ide& "o "es" "he #&"eri&% "o )e "re&"ed wi"h & 4ery
s#&%%
&#o:n" of &cid! since so#e of "he #&"eri&%s "end "o re&c" e;1%osi4e%y
when
con"&c"ed )y 1icric &cid. So%:"ions of sodi:# or 1o"&ssi:# hydro;ide
&re
ide&%. 7erch%or&"es &re #:ch s&fer "h&n si#i%&r ch%or&"es! &nd e>:&%%y
&s
1owerf:%. Mi;":res #&de wi"h 1erch%or&"es &re so#ewh&" #ore diffic:%" "o
igni"e "h&n #i;":res con"&ining ch%or&"es! ):" "he incre&sed s&fe"y
o:"weighs "his #inor incon4enience.
(%&sh 7owder
(%&sh 1owder is & f&s"! 1owerf:% e;1%osi4e! &nd co#es 4ery c%ose "o
#&ny high e;1%osi4es. I" is & 4ery h&B&rdo:s #i;":re "o work wi"h! d:e
"o
"he sensi"i4i"y of "he 1owder. I" is e;"re#e%y sensi"i4e "o he&" or
s1&rks!
&nd sho:%d ne4er )e #i;ed wi"h o"her che#ic&%s or )%&ck 1owder. I" ):rns
4ery r&1id%y wi"h & in"ense whi"e f%&sh! &nd wi%% e;1%ode if confined.
5&rge
>:&n"i"ies #&y e;1%ode e4en when no" confined. This is )ec&:se & %&rge
1i%e
of f%&sh 1owder is se%f9confining! c&:sing "he e;1%osion. (%&sh 1owder
is
co##on%y #&de wi"h &%:#in:# &nd?or #&gnesi:#. O"her #e"&%s c&n )e :sed!
):"
#os" o"hers &re ei"her "wo e;1ensi4e (Birconi:#) or no" re&c"i4e eno:gh
"o
)e effec"i4e (Binc)
3ere &re & few )&sic 1rec&:"ions "o "&ke if yo:Hre cr&By eno:gh "o
1rod:ce yo:r own f%&sh 1owder
1) /rind "he o;idiBer (KNO-! K8%O-! KMnO+! K8%O+ e"c) se1&r&"e%y in
&
c%e&n con"&iner. If & #or"&r &nd 1es"%e is :sed! i" sho:%d )e w&shed o:"
wi"h &%coho% )efore )eing :sed "o grind &ny o"her #&"eri&%s.
C) N6V6$ grind or sif" "he #i;ed co#1osi"ion. /rinding &nd sif"ing
c&n
c&:se fric"ion or s"&"ic e%ec"rici"y.
-) Mi; "he 1owders on & %&rge shee" of 1&1er! )y ro%%ing "he
co#1osi"ion )&ck &nd for"h. This "echni>:e is descri)ed in de"&i% on
1&ge
-
+) Do no" s"ore f%&sh co#1osi"ions for &ny &#o:n" of "i#e. M&ny
co#1o:nds! es1eci&%%y ones con"&ining #&gnesi:#! wi%% deco#1ose o4er
"i#e
&nd #&y igni"e s1on"&neo:s%y.
5) M&ke 4ery s#&%% >:&n"i"ies &" firs"! so yo: c&n &11reci&"e "he
1ower of s:ch #i;":res. P:&n"i"ies gre&"er "h&n 1, gr&#s sho:%d )e
&4oided.
Mos" f%&sh 1owders &re c&1&)%e of e;1%oding if & >:&n"i"y of #ore "h&n
5,
gr&#s is igni"ed :nconfined! &nd &%% f%&sh 1owders wi%% e;1%ode e4en
wi"h
#ini#&% confine#en" (I h&4e seen 1, g of f%&sh wr&11ed in & sing%e %&yer
of
w&;ed 1&1er e;1%ode)
') M&ke s:re "h&" &%% "he co#1onen"s of "he #i;":re &re &s dry &s
1ossi)%e. 8heck "he #e%"ing 1oin" of "he s:)s"&nces! &nd dry "he#
(se1&r&"e%y) in & w&r# o4en. If KNO- is :sed i" #:s" )e 4ery 1:re &nd
dry!
or i" wi%% e4o%4e &##oni& f:#es.
A%#os" &ny 1o"en" o;idiBer c&n )e :sed for f%&sh 1owder. So#e
#&"eri&%s #&y re&c" wi"h "he f:e%! es1eci&%%y if #&gnesi:# is :sed.
K8%O+
wi"h A% is gener&%%y fo:nd in co##erci&% fireworks! "his does no" #e&n
"h&"
i" is s&fe! ):" i" is s&fer "h&n K8%O- if h&nd%ed correc"%y.
The finer "he o;idiBer &nd "he finer "he #e"&% 1owder "he #ore
1owerf:% "he e;1%osi4e! e;ce1" in "he c&se of &%:#in:#. This of co:rse
wi%%
&%so incre&se "he sensi"i4i"y of "he f%&sh 1owder. Beyond & cer"&in
1oin"!
"he finer "he &%:#in:# 1owder "he %ess 1owerf:% "he e;1%osi4e! d:e "o
"he
co&"ing of &%:#in:# o;ide which for#s on "he s:rf&ce of "he &%:#in:#
gr&n:%es.
NOT6 (%&sh 1owder in &ny con"&iner wi%% de"on&"e. This inc%:des
e4en
& co:1%e of %&yers of news1&1er! or o"her for#s of %oose%y confined
f%&sh.
7o"&ssi:# 1erch%or&"e is s&fer "h&n sodi:#?1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e.
3igh Order 6;1%osi4es
3igh order e;1%osi4es c&n )e #&de in "he ho#e wi"ho:" "oo #:ch
diffic:%"y. The #&in 1ro)%e# is &c>:iring "he ni"ric &cid "o 1rod:ce "he
high e;1%osi4e. Mos" high e;1%osi4es de"on&"e )ec&:se "heir #o%ec:%&r
s"r:c":re is #&de :1 of so#e f:e% &nd :s:&%%y "hree or #ore ni"rogen
dio;ide
#o%ec:%es. Trini"ro"o%:ene is &n e;ce%%en" e;&#1%e of s:ch & #&"eri&%.
=hen
& shock w&4e 1&sses "hro:gh &n #o%ec:%e of T.N.T.! "he ni"rogen dio;ide
)ond
is )roken! &nd "he o;ygen co#)ines wi"h "he f:e%! &%% in & #&""er of
#icroseconds. This &cco:n"s for "he gre&" 1ower of ni"rogen9)&sed
e;1%osi4es. $e#e#)ering "h&" "hese 1roced:res &re ne4er "o )e c&rried
o:"!
se4er&% #e"hods of #&n:f&c":ring high9order e;1%osi4es in "he ho#e &re
%is"ed.
$.D.D.
$.D.D.! (&%so c&%%ed cyc%oni"e! or co#1osi"ion 891 when #i;ed wi"h
1%&s"icisers) is one of "he #os" 4&%:&)%e of &%% #i%i"&ry e;1%osi4es.
This
is )ec&:se i" h&s #ore "h&n 15,I of "he 1ower of T.N.T.! &nd is #:ch
e&sier
"o de"on&"e. I" sho:%d no" )e :sed &%one! since i" c&n )e se" off )y &
#oder&"e shock. I" is %ess sensi"i4e "h&n #erc:ry f:%#in&"e or
ni"rog%ycerine! ):" i" is s"i%% "oo sensi"i4e "o )e :sed &%one.
$.D.D. c&n )e 1rod:ced )y "he #e"hod gi4en )e%ow. I" is #:ch
e&sier
"o #&ke in "he ho#e "h&n &%% o"her high e;1%osi4es! wi"h "he 1ossi)%e
e;ce1"ion of &##oni:# ni"r&"e.
MAT6$IA5S
he;&#ine or #e"hen&#ine 1,,, #% )e&ker ice )&"h
g%&ss s"irring rod "her#o#e"er f:nne%
fi%"er 1&1er dis"i%%ed w&"er &##oni:# ni"r&"e
ni"ric &cid (55, #%) )%:e %i"#:s 1&1er s#&%% ice )&"h
1) 7%&ce "he )e&ker in "he ice )&"h! (see 1&ge 15) &nd c&ref:%%y
1o:r
55, #% of concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid in"o "he )e&ker.
C) =hen "he &cid h&s coo%ed "o )e%ow C,,! &dd s#&%% &#o:n"s of "he
cr:shed f:e% "&)%e"s "o "he )e&ker. The "e#1er&":re wi%% rise! &nd i"
#:s"
)e ke1" )e%ow -,,! or dire conse>:ences co:%d res:%". S"ir "he #i;":re.
-) Dro1 "he "e#1er&":re )e%ow Bero degrees ce%si:s! ei"her )y
&dding
#ore ice &nd s&%" "o "he o%d ice )&"h! or )y cre&"ing & new ice )&"h.
8on"in:e s"irring "he #i;":re! kee1ing "he "e#1er&":re )e%ow Bero for
"wen"y
#in:"es.
+) 7o:r "he #i;":re in"o 1 %i"er of cr:shed ice. Sh&ke &nd s"ir
"he
#i;":re! &nd &%%ow i" "o #e%". Once i" h&s #e%"ed! fi%"er o:" "he
crys"&%s!
&nd dis1ose of "he corrosi4e %i>:id.
5) 7%&ce "he crys"&%s in"o one h&%f & %i"er of )oi%ing dis"i%%ed
w&"er. (i%"er "he crys"&%s! &nd "es" "he# wi"h "he )%:e %i"#:s 1&1er.
$e1e&" s"e1s + &nd 5 :n"i% "he %i"#:s 1&1er re#&ins )%:e. This wi%%
#&ke
"he crys"&%s #ore s"&)%e &nd s&fe.
') S"ore "he crys"&%s we" :n"i% re&dy for :se. A%%ow "he# "o dry
co#1%e"e%y )efore :sing "he#. $.D.D. is no" s"&)%e eno:gh "o :se &%one
&s
&n e;1%osi4e.
8o#1osi"ion 891 c&n )e #&de )y #i;ing (#e&s:re )y weigh")
$.D.D. ..I
#iner&% oi%11I
%eci"hin 1I
Kne&d "hese #&"eri&% "oge"her in & 1%&s"ic )&g. This is one w&y "o
desensi"iBe "he e;1%osi4e.
3MD. is & #i;":re of TNT &nd $DDK "he r&"io is 5,?5,! )y weigh". i"
is no" &s sensi"i4e &s :n&d:%"ered $DD &nd i" is &%#os" &s 1owerf:% &s
s"r&igh" $DD.
By &dding &##oni:# ni"r&"e "o "he crys"&%s of $DD 1rod:ced in s"e1
5!
i" is 1ossi)%e "o desensi"iBe "he $.D.D. &nd incre&se i"s 1ower! since
&##oni:# ni"r&"e is 4ery insensi"i4e &nd 1owerf:%. Sodi:# or 1o"&ssi:#
ni"r&"e co:%d &%so )e &ddedK & s#&%% >:&n"i"y is s:fficien" "o s"&)i%iBe
"he
$DD.
$DD. de"on&"es &" & r&"e of .55, #e"ers?second when i" is
co#1ressed
"o & densi"y of 1.55 g?c:)ic c#.
A##oni:# Ni"r&"e (N3+NO-)
A##oni:# ni"r&"e c&n )e #&de )y fo%%owing "he #e"hod gi4en on 1&ge
1,!
or i" co:%d )e o)"&ined fro# & cons"r:c"ion si"e! since i" is co##on%y
:sed
in )%&s"ing! )ec&:se i" is 4ery s"&)%e &nd insensi"i4e "o shock &nd
he&".
A we%%9f:nded rese&rcher co:%d &%so ):y n:#ero:s GIns"&n" 8o%d97&ksG
fro#
& dr:g s"ore or #edic&% s:11%y s"ore. The #&@or dis&d4&n"&ge wi"h
&##oni:#
ni"r&"e! fro# & 1yro"echnic&% 1oin" of 4iew! is de"on&"ing i". A r&"her
1owerf:% 1ri#ing ch&rge #:s" )e :sed! or & )oos"er ch&rge #:s" )e &dded.
Q I552ST$ATIONS AVAI5AB56 ON5< IN 8OMM6$I8IA% 7$INT6D $656AS6 R
The 1ri#er e;1%odes! de"on&"ing "he T.N.T.! which de"on&"es!
sending
& "re#endo:s shockw&4e "hro:gh "he &##oni:# ni"r&"e! de"on&"ing i".
A##oni:# Ni"r&"e 9 (:e% Oi% So%:"ion
A##oni:# Ni"r&"e 9 (:e% Oi% So%:"ion! &%so known &s AN(O! is &
co##on%y :sed high e;1%osi4e. AN(O so%4es one of "he #&@or 1ro)%e# wi"h
&##oni:# ni"r&"e i"s "endency "o 1ick :1 w&"er 4&1or fro# "he &ir.
This
&)sor1"ion res:%"s in "he e;1%osi4e f&i%ing "o de"on&"e when fired. This
is
%ess of & 1ro)%e# wi"h AN(O )ec&:se i" consis"s of *+I ()y weigh")
&##oni:#
ni"r&"e #i;ed wi"h 'I f:e% oi% (kerosene). The kerosene he%1s kee1 "he
&##oni:# ni"r&"e fro# &)sor)ing #ois":re fro# "he &ir.
This #i;":re! %ike s"r&igh" &##oni:# ni"r&"e! is 4ery insensi"i4e
"o
shock. I" re>:ires & 4ery 1owerf:% shockw&4e "o de"on&"e i"! &nd is no"
4ery
effec"i4e in s#&%% >:&n"i"ies. 2s:&%%y & )oos"er ch&rge! consis"ing of
dyn&#i"e or & co##erci&% c&s" ch&rge! is :sed for re%i&)%e de"on&"ion.
So#e
co##erci&% AN(O e;1%osi4es h&4e & s#&%% &#o:n" of &%:#in:# &dded!
incre&sing
"he 1ower &nd sensi"i4i"y. These for#s c&n of"en )e re%i&)%y ini"i&"ed
)y
& No. . )%&s"ing c&1.
These dis&d4&n"&ges &re o:"weighed )y "wo i#1or"&n" &d4&n"&ges of
&##oni:# ni"r&"e e;1%osi4es9 cos"! &nd s&fe"y. In ind:s"ri&% )%&s"ing
"hese
f&c"ors &re #:ch #ore i#1or"&n" "h&n in recre&"ion&% &c"i4i"ies! &nd
"his
h&s con"ri):"ed "o "he 1o1:%&ri"y of "hese e;1%osi4es. If "he e;1%osi4e
is
ini"i&"ed wi"ho:" confine#en" i" no" 1ro1&g&"e we%%! &nd #os" of "he
&##oni:# ni"r&"e wi%% ):rn &nd sc&""er! r&"her "h&n de"on&"ion &s #os"
o"her
high e;1%osi4es wo:%d.
A##oni:# ni"r&"e e;1%osi4es &re #:ch che&1er 1er 1o:nd "h&n #os"
o"her
e;1%osi4es! wi"h "he 1rice 1er 1o:nd &" &)o:" 1?1, "h&" of dyn&#i"e.
S"r&igh" &##oni:# ni"r&"e c&n )e "r&ns1or"ed "o "he )%&s"ing si"e
wi"ho:"
"he e;"r&c" e;1enses inc:rred when "r&ns1or"ing high e;1%osi4es. A" "he
si"e! "he &##oni:# ni"r&"e! in "he for# of s#&%% 1e%%e"s! or 1ri%%s! c&n
)e
#i;ed wi"h "he f:e% oi% @:s" 1rior "o )%&s"ing.
If "oo #:ch oi% is &dded "he 1ower of "he #i;":re wi%% decre&se!
)ec&:se "he e;"r& oi% wi%% &)sor) so#e of "he energy fro# "he &##oni:#
ni"r&"e! &nd i" "ends "o s%ow 1ro1&g&"ion. If co##erci&% fer"i%iBer is
:sed
"o 1ro4ide "he &##oni:# ni"r&"e! i" #:s" )e cr:shed "o )e effec"i4e.
This
is )ec&:se fer"i%iBer gr&de &##oni:# ni"r&"e is co&"ed wi"h & w&"er
SSSSSS 6ND O( 7A$T 1 O( - SSSSSS Send #&i% "o dr0ri1co.co# for & f:%%
co1y
SSSSSS STA$T O( 7A$T C O( - SSSSSS The Big Book Of Mischief 1.5
resis"&n" s:)s"&nce which he%1s kee1 #ois":re fro# deco#1osing "he
#&"eri&%.
This #&"eri&% &%so kee1s "he f:e% oi% fro# so&king in"o "he &##oni:#
ni"r&"e.
If fer"i%iBer gr&de #&"eri&% is 1o:red in"o & 4&" of w&r#!
%i>:ified
w&;! "he co&"ing wi%% )e dis1%&ced )y "he w&;! which c&n &%so ser4e &s
f:e%
for "he &##oni:# ni"r&"e. This for# is #ore sensi"i4e "h&n "he f:e% oi%
#i;":re! &nd does no" re>:ire &s #:ch confine#en" &s AN(O.
Trini"ro"o%:ene
T.N.T.! or C!+!' "rini"ro"o%:ene! is 1erh&1s "he second o%des"
known
high e;1%osi4e. Dyn&#i"e! of co:rse! w&s "he firs". T.N.T. is cer"&in%y
"he
)es" known high e;1%osi4e! since i" h&s )een 1o1:%&riBed )y e&r%y
#orning
c&r"oons! &nd )ec&:se i" is :sed &s & s"&nd&rd for co#1&ring o"her
e;1%osi4es.
In ind:s"ri&% 1rod:c"ion TNT is #&de )y & "hree s"e1 ni"r&"ion
1rocess
"h&" is designed "o conser4e "he ni"ric &nd s:%f:ric &cids! so "h&" "he
on%y
reso:rce cons:#ed in >:&n"i"y is "he "o%:ene. A 1erson wi"h %i#i"ed
f:nds!
howe4er! sho:%d 1ro)&)%y o1" for "he %ess econo#ic&% "wo s"e1 #e"hod.
This
1rocess is 1erfor#ed )y "re&"ing "o%:ene wi"h 4ery s"rong (f:#ing)
s:%f:ric
&cid. Then! "he s:%f&"ed "o%:ene is "re&"ed wi"h 4ery s"rong (f:#ing)
ni"ric
&cid in &n ice )&"h. 8o%d w&"er is &dded "o "he so%:"ion! &nd "he T.N.T.
is
fi%"ered o:".
7o"&ssi:# 8h%or&"e (K8%O-)
7o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e i"se%f c&nno" )e #&de in "he ho#e! ):" i" c&n )e
o)"&ined fro# %&)s &nd che#ic&% s:11%y ho:ses. I" is #oder&"e%y w&"er
so%:)%e! &nd wi%% e;1%ode if )ro:gh" in"o con"&c" wi"h s:%f:ric &cid. I"
is
"o;ic &nd sho:%d no" )e )ro:gh" in"o con"&c" wi"h org&nic #&""er!
inc%:ding
h:#&n skin.
If 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e is #i;ed wi"h & s#&%% &#o:n" of 4&se%ine! or
o"her 1e"ro%e:# @e%%y! &nd & shockw&4e is 1&ssed "hro:gh i"! "he
#&"eri&%
wi%% de"on&"e! howe4er i" is no" 4ery 1owerf:%! &nd i" #:s" )e confined
"o
e;1%ode i" in "his #&nner. The 1roced:re for #&king s:ch &n e;1%osi4e
is
o:"%ined )e%ow
MAT6$IA5S
1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e Bi19%ock 1%&s"ic )&g wooden s1oon
1e"ro%e:# @e%%y grinding )ow% wooden )ow%
1) /rind "he 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e in "he grinding )ow% c&ref:%%y &nd
s%ow%y! :n"i% "he 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e is & 4ery fine 1owder. The finer
"he
1owder! "he f&s"er i" wi%% de"on&"e! ):" i" wi%% &%so deco#1ose #ore
>:ick%y.
C) 7%&ce "he 1owder in"o "he 1%&s"ic )&g. 7:" "he 1e"ro%e:# @e%%y
in"o "he 1%&s"ic )&g! ge""ing &s %i""%e on "he sides of "he )&g &s
1ossi)%e!
i.e. 1:" "he 4&se%ine on "he 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e 1owder.
-) 8%ose "he )&g! &nd kne&d "he #&"eri&%s "oge"her :n"i% none of
"he
1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e is dry 1owder "h&" does no" s"ick "o "he #&in g%o).
If
necess&ry! &dd & )i" #ore 1e"ro%e:# @e%%y "o "he )&g.
O4er "i#e "he "his #&"eri&% wi%% deco#1ose! &nd if no" :sed
i##edi&"e%y "he s"reng"h wi%% )e gre&"%y red:ced.
Dyn&#i"e (4&rio:s co#1osi"ions)
The n&#e dyn&#i"e co#es fro# "he /reek word Gdyn&#isG! #e&ning
1ower.
Dyn&#i"e w&s in4en"ed )y No)e% shor"%y &f"er he #&de ni"rog%ycerine. 3e
"ried so&king "he ni"rog%ycerine in"o #&ny #&"eri&%s! in &n effor" "o
red:ce
i"s sensi"i4i"y. In "he 1rocess! he disco4ered "h&" Ni"roce%%:%ose
wo:%d
e;1%ode if )ro:gh" in"o con"&c" wi"h f&"s or oi%s. A #isg:ided
indi4id:&%
wi"h so#e s&ni"y wo:%d! &f"er #&king ni"rog%ycerine wo:%d i##edi&"e%y
con4er" i" "o dyn&#i"e. This c&n )e done )y &dding one of & n:#)er of
iner"
#&"eri&%s! s:ch &s s&wd:s"! "o "he r&w ni"rog%ycerine. The s&wd:s" ho%ds
&
%&rge weigh" of ni"rog%ycerine. O"her #&"eri&%s! s:ch &s &##oni:#
ni"r&"e
co:%d )e &dded! &nd "hey wo:%d "end "o desensi"iBe "he e;1%osi4e! whi%e
incre&sing "he 1ower. B:" e4en "hese ni"rog%ycerine co#1o:nds &re no"
re&%%y
s&fe.
One w&y "o re%i&)%y s"&)i%iBe ni"rog%ycerin is "o freeBe i". In i"s
froBen s"&"e! ni"rog%ycerine is #:ch %ess sensi"i4e "o shock! &nd c&n
s&fe%y
)e "r&ns1or"ed. The on%y dr&w)&ck "o "his #e"hod is "h&" "he
ni"rog%ycerine
#&y e;1%ode s1on"&neo:s%y whi%e )eing "h&wed.
Ni"ros"&rch 6;1%osi4es
Ni"ros"&rch e;1%osi4es &re si#1%e "o #&ke! &nd &re f&ir%y 1owerf:%.
A%% "h&" need )e done is "re&" &ny of & n:#)er of s"&rches wi"h &
#i;":re
of concen"r&"ed ni"ric &nd s:%f:ric &cids. Ni"ros"&rch e;1%osi4es &re of
s%igh"%y %ower 1ower "h&n T.N.T.! ):" "hey &re #ore re&di%y de"on&"ed.
MAT6$IA5S
fi%"er 1&1er1yre; con"&iner (1,, #%)dis"i%%ed w&"er
g%&ss rod C, #% concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid&cid9resis"&n" g%o4es
1 g s"&rchC, #% concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid
1) Add concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid "o &n e>:&% 4o%:#e of
concen"r&"ed
ni"ric &cid in "he 1yre; con"&iner. =&"ch o:" for s1%&""ering &cid.
C) Add 1 gr&# of s"&rch of s"&rch "o "he #i;":re! s"irring
cons"&n"%y
wi"h "he g%&ss rod.
-) 8&ref:%%y &dd co%d w&"er "o di%:"e "he &cids! "hen 1o:r "he
#i;":re
"hro:gh "he fi%"er 1&1er (see 1&ge 1-). The resid:e consis"s of
ni"ros"&rch
wi"h & s#&%% &#o:n" of &cid! &nd sho:%d )e w&shed :nder co%d dis"i%%ed
w&"er.
7icric Acid (8'3-N-OE)
7icric &cid! or C!+!'9"rini"ro1heno% is & sensi"i4e co#1o:nd "h&"
c&n
)e :sed &s & )oos"er ch&rge for #oder&"e%y insensi"i4e e;1%osi4es! s:ch
&s
T.N.T. I" is se%do# :sed for e;1%osi4es &ny#ore! ):" i" s"i%% h&s
&11%ic&"ions in #&ny ind:s"ries! inc%:ding %e&"her 1rod:c"ion! co11er
e"ching! &nd "e;"i%es. 7icric &cid is :s:&%%y shi11ed #i;ed wi"h C,I
w&"er
for s&fe"y! &nd when dried i" for#s 1&%e ye%%ow crys"&%s.
In s#&%% >:&n"i"ies 1icric &cid def%&gr&"es! ):" %&rge crys"&%s or
#oder&"e >:&n"i"ies of 1owdered 1icric &cid wi%% de"on&"e wi"h
s:fficien"
force "o ini"i&"e high e;1%osi4es (or re#o4e "he e;1eri#en"erHs
fingers).
7icric &cid! &%ong wi"h &%% of i"Hs s&%"s! is 4ery d&ngero:s! &nd sho:%d
ne4er )e s"ored dry or in & #e"&% con"&iner. 8on"&c" wi"h )&re skin
sho:%d
)e &4oided! &nd inges"ion is of"en f&"&%.
7icric &cid is f&ir%y si#1%e "o #&ke! &ss:#ing "h&" one c&n &c>:ire
s:%f:ric &nd ni"ric &cid in "he re>:ired concen"r&"ion. Si#1%e
1roced:res
for i"Hs #&n:f&c":re &re gi4en in #&ny co%%ege che#is"ry %&) #&n:&%s.
The
#&in 1ro)%e# wi"h 1icric &cid is i"s "endency "o for# d&ngero:s%y
sensi"i4e
&nd :ns"&)%e 1icr&"e s&%"s. =hi%e so#e of "hese s&%"s! s:ch &s 1o"&ssi:#
1icr&"e &re s"&)%e eno:gh "o )e :sef:%! s&%"s for#ed wi"h o"her #e"&%s
c&n
)e e;"re#e%y :ns"&)%e. (or "his re&son! i" is :s:&%%y #&de in"o & s&fer
for#! s:ch &s &##oni:# 1icr&"e! &%so c&%%ed e;1%osi4e D. A 1roced:re
for
"he 1rod:c"ion of 1icric &cid is gi4en )e%ow.
MAT6$IA5S
4&ri&)%e he&" so:rce ice )&"hdis"i%%ed w&"er
-. #% concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid fi%"er 1&1er5,, #% f%&skf:nne%
concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid (1C.5 #%) 1 5 1yre; )e&ker1,g 1heno%g%&ss
rod
1) 7%&ce *.5 gr&#s of 1heno% in"o "he 5,, #% f%&sk! &nd c&ref:%%y
&dd
1C.5 #% of concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid &nd s"ir "he #i;":re.
C) 7:" +,, #% of "&1 w&"er in"o "he 1,,, #% )e&ker or )oi%ing
con"&iner &nd )ring "he w&"er "o & gen"%e )oi%.
-) Af"er w&r#ing "he 5,, #% f%&sk :nder ho" "&1 w&"er! 1%&ce i" in
"he
)oi%ing w&"er! &nd con"in:e "o s"ir "he #i;":re of 1heno% &nd &cid for
&)o:"
"hir"y #in:"es. Af"er "hir"y #in:"es! "&ke "he f%&sk o:"! &nd &%%ow i"
"o
coo% for se4en #in:"es.
+) Af"er &%%owing "he f%&sk "o coo% for 1, #in:"es. 7%&ce "he 5,,
#%
f%&sk wi"h "he #i;ed &cid &n 1heno% in "he ice )&"h. Add -. #% of
concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid in s#&%% &#o:n"s! s"irring "he #i;":re
cons"&n"%y.
A 4igoro:s re&c"ion sho:%d occ:r. =hen "he re&c"ion s%ows! "&ke "he
f%&sk
o:" of "he ice )&"h.
5) =&r# "he ice )&"h con"&iner! if i" is g%&ss! &nd "hen )egin
)oi%ing
#ore "&1 w&"er. 7%&ce "he f%&sk con"&ining "he #i;":re in "he )oi%ing
w&"er! &nd he&" i" in "he )oi%ing w&"er for 1.5 "o C ho:rs.
') Add 1,, #% of co%d dis"i%%ed w&"er "o "he so%:"ion! &nd chi%% i"
in &n ice )&"h :n"i% i" is co%d.
E) (i%"er o:" "he ye%%owish9whi"e 1icric &cid crys"&%s )y 1o:ring
"he
so%:"ion "hro:gh "he fi%"er 1&1er in "he f:nne%. 8o%%ec" "he %i>:id &nd
dis1ose of i" in & s&fe 1%&ce! since i" is high%y corrosi4e.
.) =&sh o:" "he 5,, #% f%&sk wi"h dis"i%%ed w&"er! &nd 1:" "he
con"en"s of "he fi%"er 1&1er in "he f%&sk. Add -,, #% of w&"er! &nd
sh&ke
4igoro:s%y.
*) $e9fi%"er "he crys"&%s! &nd &%%ow "he# "o dry.
1,) S"ore "he crys"&%s in & s&fe 1%&ce in & g%&ss con"&iner! since
"hey wi%% re&c" wi"h #e"&% con"&iners "o 1rod:ce 1icr&"es "h&" co:%d
e;1%ode
s1on"&neo:s%y.
A##oni:# 7icr&"e (8'3C.ON3+.(NOC)-)
A##oni:# 1icr&"e! &%so c&%%ed &##oni:# 1iconi"r&"e! 6;1%osi4e D! or
c&r)&Bo&"e! is & co##on s&fe"y e;1%osi4e which c&n )e 1rod:ced fro#
1icric
&cid. I" re>:ires & s:)s"&n"i&% shock "o c&:se i" "o de"on&"e! s%igh"%y
%ess
"h&n "h&" re>:ired "o de"on&"e &##oni:# ni"r&"e. In #&ny w&ys i" is
#:ch
s&fer "h&n 1icric &cid! since i" does no" h&4e "he "endency "o for#
h&B&rdo:s :ns"&)%e s&%"s when 1%&ced in #e"&% con"&iners. I" is si#1%e
"o
#&ke fro# 1icric &cid &nd c%e&r ho:seho%d &##oni&. A%% "h&" need )e done
is
"o disso%4e 1icric &cid crys"&%s )y 1%&cing "he# in & g%&ss con"&iner
&nd
&dding 15 1&r"s ho"! s"e&#ing dis"i%%ed w&"er. Add c%e&r &##oni& in
e;cess!
&nd &%%ow "he e;cess &##oni& "o e4&1or&"e. The 1owder re#&ining sho:%d
)e
&##oni:# 1icr&"e. The w&"er sho:%d no" )e he&"ed! &s &##oni:# 1icr&"e is
sensi"i4e "o he&". V&c::# dis"i%%&"ion &nd o1en e4&1or&"ion &re
re%&"i4e%y
s&fe w&ys "o e;"r&c" "he 1icr&"e.
A##oni:# 1icr&"e #os" co##on%y &11e&rs &s )righ" ye%%ow crys"&%s!
&nd
is so%:)%e in w&"er. These crys"&%s sho:%d )e "re&"ed wi"h "he c&re d:e
"o
&%% shock sensi"i4e #&"eri&%s. So#e i%%eg&% s&%:"es h&4e )een fo:nd "o
con"&in &##oni:# 1icr&"e! which #&kes "he# #:ch #ore h&B&rdo:s.
Ni"rogen 8h%oride (N8%-)
Ni"rogen ch%oride! &%so known &s ni"rogen "rich%oride! ch%orine
ni"ride! or Trich%oride ni"ride! is & "hick! oi%y ye%%ow %i>:id. I"
e;1%odes 4io%en"%y when i" is he&"ed "o *-, 8! e;1osed "o )righ" %igh"
(s:n%igh")! when )ro:gh" in"o con"&c" wi"h org&nic s:)s"&nces! gre&se!
oBone! &nd ni"ric o;ide. Ni"rogen ch%oride wi%% e4&1or&"e if %ef" in &n
o1en
4esse%! &nd wi%% deco#1ose wi"hin C+ ho:rs. I" h&s "he in"eres"ing
>:&%i"y
of e;1%oding 1- seconds &f"er )eing se&%ed in & g%&ss con"&iner &" ',, 8
.
I" c&n 1rod:ce high%y "o;ic )y1rod:c"s! &nd sho:%d no" )e h&nd%ed or
s"ored.
Bec&:se of "he h&B&rds of ch%orine g&s! if "his 1roced:re sho:%d
ne4er
)e c&rried o:" wi"ho:" &n &de>:&"e so:rce of 4en"i%&"ion. If & f:#e hood
is
no" &4&i%&)%e "he 1roced:re sho:%d )e done o:"side! &w&y fro# ):i%dings!
s#&%% chi%dren! &nd 1e"s.
MAT6$IA5S
&##oni:# ni"r&"e C 1yre; )e&kershe&" so:rce g%&ss 1i1e
hydroch%oric &cid one ho%e s"o11er%&rge f%&sk f:#e hood
1o"&ssi:# 1er#&ng&n&"e
1) In & )e&ker! disso%4e 5 "e&s1oons of &##oni:# ni"r&"e in w&"er.
If "oo #:ch &##oni:# ni"r&"e is &dded "o "he so%:"ion &nd so#e of i"
re#&ins
:ndisso%4ed in "he )o""o# of "he )e&ker! "he so%:"ion sho:%d )e 1o:red
off
in"o & fresh )e&ker.
C) 8o%%ec" & >:&n"i"y of ch%orine g&s in & second )e&ker )y #i;ing
hydroch%oric &cid wi"h 1o"&ssi:# 1er#&ng&n&"e in & %&rge f%&sk wi"h &
s"o11er &nd g%&ss 1i1e.
-) 7%&ce "he )e&ker con"&ining "he ch%orine g&s :1side down on "o1
of
"he )e&ker con"&ining "he &##oni:# ni"r&"e so%:"ion! &nd "&1e "he
)e&kers
"oge"her. /en"%y he&" "he )o""o# )e&ker. =hen "his is done! oi%y ye%%ow
dro1%e"s wi%% )egin "o for# on "he s:rf&ce of "he so%:"ion! &nd sink
down
"o "he )o""o#. A" "his "i#e! re#o4e "he he&" so:rce i##edi&"e%y.
+) 8o%%ec" "he ye%%ow dro1%e"s wi"h &n eyedro11er! &nd :se "he# &s
soon &s 1ossi)%e.
A%"ern&"e%y! "he ch%orine c&n )e ):))%ed "hro:gh "he &##oni:#
ni"r&"e
so%:"ion! r&"her "h&n co%%ec"ing "he g&s in & )e&ker! ):" "his re>:ires
"i#ing &nd & s"&nd "o ho%d "he )e&ker &nd "es" ":)e.
The ch%orine g&s c&n &%so )e #i;ed wi"h &nhydro:s &##oni& g&s! )y
gen"%y he&"ing & f%&sk fi%%ed wi"h c%e&r ho:seho%d &##oni&. 7%&ce "he
g%&ss
":)es fro# "he ch%orine9gener&"ing f%&sk &nd "he ":)e fro# "he &##oni&
gener&"ing f%&sk in &no"her f%&sk "h&" con"&ins w&"er.
5e&d ABide
5e&d ABide is & #&"eri&% "h&" is of"en :sed &s & )oos"er ch&rge for
o"her e;1%osi4e! ):" i" does we%% eno:gh on i"s own &s & f&ir%y
sensi"i4e
e;1%osi4e. I" does no" de"on&"e "oo e&si%y )y 1erc:ssion or i#1&c"! ):"
i"
is e&si%y de"on&"ed )y he&" fro# &n igni"ion wire! or & )%&s"ing c&1.
I"
is si#1%e "o 1rod:ce! &ss:#ing "h&" "he necess&ry che#ic&%s c&n )e
1roc:red.
By disso%4ing sodi:# &Bide &nd %e&d &ce"&"e in w&"er in se1&r&"e
)e&kers! "he "wo #&"eri&%s &re 1:" in"o &n &>:eo:s s"&"e. Mi; "he "wo
)e&kers "oge"her! &nd &11%y & gen"%e he&". Add &n e;cess of "he %e&d
&ce"&"e
so%:"ion! :n"i% no re&c"ion occ:rs! &nd "he 1reci1i"&"e on "he )o""o# of
"he
)e&ker s"o1s for#ing.
(i%"er off "he so%:"ion! &nd w&sh "he 1reci1i"&"e in ho" w&"er.
The
1reci1i"&"e is %e&d &Bide! &nd i" #:s" )e s"ored we" for s&fe"y. If %e&d
&ce"&"e c&nno" )e fo:nd! si#1%y &c>:ire &ce"ic &cid! &nd 1:" %e&d #e"&%
in
i". B%&ck 1owder ):%%e"s work we%% for "his 1:r1ose.
5e&d &Bide c&n &%so )e 1rod:ced )y s:)s"i":"ing %e&d ni"r&"e for "he
&ce"&"e. "he re&c"ion is gi4en )e%ow
%e&d ni"r&"e O sodi:# &Bide %e&d &Bide O sodi:# ni"r&"e
7)(NO-)C O CN&N- 7)(N-)C O CN&NO-
The res:%" is "he s&#e 1reci1i"&"e of %e&d &Bide! %e&4ing )ehind
"he
sodi:# ni"r&"e &nd "r&ces of %e&d. The con"&#in&"ed w&"er sho:%d )e
dis1osed
of in &n en4iron#en"&%%y s&fe #&nner.
O"her $e&c"ions
This sec"ion co4ers "he o"her "y1es of #&"eri&%s "h&" c&n )e :sed
in
1yro"echnic re&c"ions. &%"ho:gh none of "he #&"eri&%s 1resen"ed here &re
e;1%osi4es! "hey &re of"en &s h&B&rdo:s &s e;1%osi4es! &nd sho:%d )e
"re&"ed
wi"h d:e res1ec".
Ther#i"e
Ther#i"e is & f:e%9o;idiBer #i;":re "h&" is :sed "o gener&"e
"re#endo:s &#o:n"s of he&". I" w&s no" 1resen"ed e&r%ier )ec&:se i" does
no"
re&c" ne&r%y &s re&di%y &s #os" #i;":res. The #os" co##on for# of
"her#i"e
is & #i;":re of ferric o;ide &nd &%:#in:#! )o"h co&rse%y 1owdered. =hen
igni"ed! "he &%:#in:# ):rns )y e;"r&c"ing o;ygen fro# "he ferric o;ide.
The
"her#i"e re&c"ion is is re&%%y "wo 4ery e;o"her#ic re&c"ions "h&"
1rod:ce
& co#)ined "e#1er&":re of &)o:" CC,,, 8. I" is diffic:%" "o igni"e!
howe4er!
):" once i" is igni"ed! "her#i"e is one of "he #os" effec"i4e fire
s"&r"ers
&ro:nd.
To 1rod:ce "her#i"e yo: wi%% need one 1&r" 1owdered &%:#in:# &nd
"hree
1&r"s 1owdered iron o;ide (ferric o;ide or (eCO-)! #e&s:red )y weigh".
There
is no s1eci&% 1roced:re or e>:i1#en" re>:ired "o #&ke "her#i"e. Si#1%y
#i;
"he "wo 1owders "oge"her. T&ke eno:gh "i#e "o #&ke "he #i;":re &s
ho#ogeno:s
&s 1ossi)%e. The r&"io of iron o;ide "o &%:#in:# isnH" 4ery i#1or"&n"!
&nd
if no weighing e>:i1"#en" is &4&i%&)%e & 1?1 #i;":re )y 4o%:#e wi%%
work.
If & s#&%% &#o:n" of fine%y 1owdered #&"eri&% is :sed &s & s"&r"er! "he
):%k
of "he "her#i"e #i;":re c&n )e #&de :1 of %&rger siBed #&"eri&%! in "he
s&#e
r&"io.
There &re 4ery few s&fe"y h&B&rds in #&king "her#i"e. The &%:#in:#
d:s" c&n for# &n e;1%osi4e #i;":re in &ir! &nd inh&%ing 1owdered #e"&%s
c&n
)e 4ery )&d for yo:r he&%"h. I" is i#1or"&n" "o "&ke 1rec&:"ions "o
ins:re
"h&" "he 1owdered #e"&%s &re 4ery dry! or "he w&"er 4&1or 1rod:ced
d:ring
"he re&c"ion wi%% c&:se "he "her#i"e "o s1r&y dro1%e"s of #o%"en s"ee%
in
& %&rge r&di:s.
Igni"ion of "her#i"e c&n )e &cco#1%ished )y &dding & s#&%% &#o:n"
of
1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e "o & "e&s1oon of "her#i"e! &nd 1o:ring & few dro1s of
s:%f:ric &cid on i". This #e"hod &nd o"hers &re disc:ssed on 1&ge +*.
Ano"her #e"hod of igni"ing "her#i"e is wi"h & #&gnesi:# s"ri1. The
i#1or"&n"
f&c"or in igni"ing "her#i"e is h&4ing & #&"eri&% "h&" wi%% 1rod:ce
concen"r&"ed he&" in & 4ery s#&%% region. (or "his re&son! #&"ches wi%%
no"
work! ):" s1&rk%ers &nd o"her &%:#in:# )&sed f%&res wi%%.
Mo%o"o4 8ock"&i%s
One of "he si#1%es" incendi&ry de4ices in4en"ed! The Mo%o"o4
cock"&i%
is now e#1%oyed in "he defense of o11ressed 1eo1%e wor%dwide. They
r&nge
in co#1%e;i"y fro# "he si#1%e )o""%e &nd r&g "o co#1%ic&"ed se%f9
igni"ing
fire)o#)s! ):" in &ny for# & #o%o"o4 cock"&i% c&n 1rod:ce de4&s"&"ing
res:%"s.
By "&king &ny high%y f%&##&)%e #&"eri&%! s:ch &s g&so%ine! diese%
f:e%! kerosene! e"hy% or #e"hy% &%coho%! %igh"er f%:id! ":r1en"ine! or
&ny
#i;":re of "he &)o4e! &nd 1:""ing i" in"o & %&rge g%&ss )o""%e! &nyone
c&n
#&ke &n effec"i4e fire)o#). Af"er 1:""ing "he f%&##&)%e %i>:id in "he
)o""%e! si#1%y 1:" & 1iece of c%o"h "h&" is so&ked in "he %i>:id in "he
"o1
of "he )o""%e so "h&" i" fi"s "igh"%y.
Then! wr&1 so#e of "he c%o"h &ro:nd "he neck &nd "ie i"! ):" )e
s:re
"o %e&4e & few inches of %ose c%o"h "o %igh". 5igh" "he e;1osed c%o"h!
&nd
"hrow "he )o""%e. If "he ):rning c%o"h does no" go o:"! &nd if "he
)o""%e
)re&ks on i#1&c"! "he con"en"s of "he )o""%e wi%% s1&""er o4er & %&rge
&re&
ne&r "he si"e of i#1&c"! &nd ):rs" in"o f%&#e.
(%&##&)%e #i;":res s:ch &s kerosene &nd #o"or oi% sho:%d )e #i;ed
wi"h
& #ore 4o%&"i%e &nd f%&##&)%e %i>:id! s:ch &s g&so%ine! "o ins:re
igni"ion.
A #i;":re s:ch &s "&r or gre&se &nd g&so%ine wi%% s"ick "o "he s:rf&ce
"h&"
i" s"rikes! ):rn ho""er &nd %onger! &nd )e #ore diffic:%" "o e;"ing:ish.
A
& )o""%e con"&in & #i;":re of differen" f:e%s #:s" )e sh&ken we%% )efore
i"
is %i" &nd "hrown.
O"her in"eres"ing &ddi"i4es c&n inc%:de &%coho%! &ce"one or o"her
so%4en"s! which wi%% gener&%%y "hin "he con"en"s &nd 1ossi)%y incre&se
"he
siBe of "he fire)&%%. By &dding & ge%%ing &gen" s:ch &s disk so&1!
1o%ys"yrene! or o"her #&"eri&% "he f%&#ing #&"eri&% c&n )e #&de s"icky
eno:gh "h&" i" wi%% &dhere "o & 4er"ic&% s:rf&ce! s:ch &s & w&%% or "he
side
of & 4ehic%e.
8he#ic&% (ire Bo""%e
The che#ic&% fire )o""%e is re&%%y no"hing #ore "h&n &n &d4&nced
#o%o"o4 cock"&i%. $&"her "h&n :sing ):rning c%o"h "o igni"e "he
f%&##&)%e
%i>:id! which h&s &" )es" & f&ir ch&nce of igni"ing "he %i>:id! "he
che#ic&%
fire )o""%e :"i%iBes "he 4ery ho" &nd 4io%en" re&c"ion )e"ween s:%f:ric
&cid
&nd 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e. =hen "he con"&iner )re&ks! "he s:%f:ric &cid in
"he
#i;":re of g&so%ine s1r&ys on"o "he 1&1er so&ked in 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e
&nd
s:g&r. The 1&1er! when s"r:ck )y "he &cid! ins"&n"%y ):rs"s in"o &
whi"e
f%&#e! igni"ing "he g&so%ine. The ch&nce of f&i%:re "o igni"e "he
g&so%ine
is 4ery %ow! &nd c&n )e red:ced f:r"her if "here is eno:gh 1o"&ssi:#
ch%or&"e &nd s:g&r "o s1&re.
MAT6$IA5S
1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e (C "e&s1oons)1C oB.g%&ss )o""%e w?%ined c&11%&s"ic
s1oon
g&so%ine (. o:nces) s:g&r (C "e&s1oons) cooking 1&n
)&king sod& (1 "e&s1oon) s:%f:ric &cid ( + o:nces)1&1er "owe%s
g%&ss c:1 g%&ss or "ef%on co&"ed f:nne%r:))er ce#en"
1) Tes" "he c&1 of "he )o""%e wi"h & few dro1s of s:%f:ric &cid "o
#&ke s:re "h&" "he &cid wi%% no" e&" &w&y "he )o""%e c&1 d:ring s"or&ge.
If "he &cid e&"s "hro:gh i"! & new "o1 #:s" )e fo:nd &nd "es"ed! :n"i% &
c&1
"h&" "he &cid does no" e&" "hro:gh is fo:nd. A g%&ss "o1 is e;ce%%en".
C) 8&ref:%%y #i; "he g&so%ine wi"h "he s:%f:ric &cid. This sho:%d
)e
done in &n o1en &re& &nd 1refer&)%y fro# & dis"&nce. There is & ch&nce
"h&"
"he s:%f:ric &cid co:%d re&c" wi"h &n i#1:ri"y in "he g&so%ine! igni"ing
i".
-) 2sing & g%&ss f:nne%! s%ow%y 1o:r "he #i;":re in"o "he g%&ss
)o""%e. =i1e :1 &ny s1i%%s of &cid on "he sides of "he )o""%e! &nd screw
"he
c&1 on "he )o""%e. =&sh "he o:"side wi"h & so%:"ion of )&king sod& in
co%d
w&"er. Then c&ref:%%y rinse "he o:"side wi"h 1%en"y of co%d w&"er. Se"
i"
&side "o dry.
+) 7:" &)o:" "wo "e&s1oons of 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e &nd &)o:" "wo
"e&s1oons of s:g&r in"o "he g%&ss c:1. Add &)o:" T c:1 of )oi%ing
w&"er!
or eno:gh "o disso%4e &%% of "he 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e &nd s:g&r.
5) 7%&ce & shee" of 1&1er "owe% in "he r&ised edge cooking 1&n.
(o%d
"he 1&1er "owe% in h&%f! &nd 1o:r "he so%:"ion of disso%4ed 1o"&ssi:#
ch%or&"e &nd s:g&r on i" :n"i% i" is we" "hro:gh! ):" no" so&ked. A%%ow
"he
"owe% "o dry.
') =hen i" is dry! 1:" & %ine of ce#en" &)o:" 1G wide down "he
side
of "he g%&ss )o""%e. S"&r"ing h&%fw&y &cross "he %ine of ce#en"! wr&1
"he
1&1er "owe% &ro:nd "he )o""%e! wi"h "he )o""o# edge of "he "owe% %ining
:1
wi"h "he )o""o# edge of "he )o""%e. 8o&" "he inside of "he re#&ining
edge
of "he "owe% wi"h ce#en" )efore 1ressing i" in"o 1%&ce. S"ore "he )o""%e
in
& 1%&ce where i" wi%% no" )e )roken or "i11ed o4er.
E) =hen finished! "he so%:"ion in "he )o""%e sho:%d &11e&r &s "wo
dis"inc" %i>:ids! & d&rk )rownish9red so%:"ion on "he )o""o#! &nd &
c%e&r
so%:"ion on "o1. The "wo so%:"ions wi%% no" #i;. To :se "he che#ic&%
fire
)o""%e! si#1%y "hrow i" &" &ny h&rd s:rf&ce.
.) N6V6$ O76N T36 BOTT56! SIN86 SOM6 S25(2$I8 A8ID MI/3T B6 ON T36
8A7! =3I83 8O25D T$I8K56 DO=N T36 SID6 O( T36 BOTT56 AND I/NIT6 T36
7OTASSI2M 835O$AT6! 8A2SIN/ A (I$6 AND?O$ 6D75OSION.
*) To "es" "he de4ice! "e&r & s#&%% 1iece of "he 1&1er "owe% off
"he
)o""%e! &nd 1:" & few dro1s of s:%f:ric &cid on i". The 1&1er "owe%
sho:%d
i##edi&"e%y ):rs" in"o & whi"e f%&#e.
If yo: in"end "o s:)si":"e o"her f%&##&)%e %i>:ids for "he
g&so%ine!
firs" #&ke s:re "h&" "hey wi%% no" re&c" wi"h "he s:%f:ric &cid. This
c&n
)e done )y #i;ing & s#&%% &#o:n" in & )o""%e! "hen "es"ing "he 7h &f"er
se4er&% d&ys h&4e 1&ssed.
8OM7$6SS6D /AS BOMBS
8o#1ressed g&s )o#)s co#e in se4er&% for#s! ):" &%% of "he# :"i%iBe
"he s>:&re 1ress:re %&w9 &s "he "e#1er&":re of "he g&s incre&ses! "he
1ress:re incre&ses &" & #:ch higher r&"e. 64en":&%%y "he 1ress:re wi%%
e;ceed "he r&"ing of "he con"&iner! &nd i" wi%% ):rs"! re%e&sing "he
g&s.
Bo""%ed /&s 6;1%osi4es
Bo""%ed g&s! s:ch &s ):"&ne for refi%%ing %igh"ers! 1ro1&ne for
1ro1&ne s"o4es or for ):nsen ):rners! c&n )e :sed "o 1rod:ce & 1owerf:%
e;1%osion. To #&ke s:ch & de4ice! &%% "h&" & des"r:c"i4e 1erson wo:%d
h&4e
"o do wo:%d )e "o "&ke his con"&iner of )o""%ed g&s &nd 1%&ce i" &)o4e &
c&n
of S"erno or o"her ge%&"iniBed f:e%! %igh" "he f:e% &nd %e&4e "he &re&
in
& h:rry. De1ending on "he &#o:n" of g&s! "he f:e% :sed! &nd on "he
"hickness
of "he f:e% con"&iner! "he %i>:id g&s wi%% )oi% &nd e;1&nd "o "he 1oin"
of
):rs"ing "he con"&iner in &nywhere fro# & few seconds "o fi4e #in:"es or
#ore.
In "heory! "he g&s wo:%d i##edi&"e%y )e igni"ed )y "he ):rning
ge%&"iniBed f:e%! 1rod:cing & %&rge fire)&%% &nd e;1%osion.
2nfor":n&"e%y!
"he ):rs"ing of "he )o""%ed g&s con"&iner of"en 1:"s o:" "he f:e%! "h:s
1re4en"ing "he e;1&nding g&s fro# igni"ing. By :sing & #e"&% ):cke"
h&%f
fi%%ed wi"h g&so%ine! howe4er! "he ch&nces of igni"ion &re )e""er! since
"he
g&so%ine is %ess %ike%y "o )e e;"ing:ished. 7%&cing & c&nis"er of
)o""%ed
g&s on & )ed of ):rning ch&rco&% so&ked in g&so%ine wo:%d 1ro)&)%y )e
"he
#os" effec"i4e w&y of sec:ring igni"ion of "he e;1&nding g&s! since
&%"ho:gh
"he ):rs"ing of "he g&s con"&iner #&y )%ow o:" "he f%&#e of "he
g&so%ine!
"he ):rning ch&rco&% sho:%d i##edi&"e%y re9igni"e i". Ni"ro:s o;ide!
hydrogen! 1ro1&ne! &ce"y%ene! or &ny o"her f%&##&)%e g&s wi%% do nice%y.
Ano"her in"eres"ing :se of co#1ressed f%&##&)%e g&ses is in "he
1rod:c"ion of e;1%osi4e #i;":res of g&ses. By #i;ing & f%&##&)%e g&s
wi"h
"he &11ro1ri&"e &#o:n" of o;ygen! & 4ery %o:d e;1%osi4e co#):s"ion c&n
)e
&chie4ed.
The si#1%es" for# of g&s de4ice is )&sed on "he co##on o;ygen9
&ce"y%ene c:""ing "orch. (irs" "he "orch is %i" &nd "he #i;":re of g&ses
is
&d@:s"ed for & ho"! )righ" f%&#e.
Ne;"! "he g&s is di4er"ed in"o so#e for# of con"&iner. This c&n )e
&
sof"! e;1&nd&)%e con"&iner! s:ch &s & chi%dHs )&%%oon or & rigid!
inf%e;i)%e
con"&iner! s:ch &s & g&r)&ge c&n or #e"&% 1i1e. I" is #:ch s&fer "o :se
f%e;i)%e con"&iners "h&" wonH" 1rod:ce (#:ch) shr&1ne%! howe4er if &
rigid
con"&iner is :sed! i" c&n )e :sed "o %&:ch &%% sor"s of in"eres"ing
1ro@ec"i%es.
A #&@or d&nger in :sing #i;ed g&ses is "he high ch&nce of s"r&y
s1&rks
igni"ing "he g&ses. A few si#1%e s&fe"y #e&s:res c&n he%1 red:ce "his
d&ngero:s 1ro)%e#
1) A%w&ys s"ore "he g&ses in se1er&"e con"&inersA This is "he #os"
i#1or"&n" r:%e in working wi"h f%&##&)%e g&ses. 7ress:riBing o;ygen wi"h
&
f%&##&)%e g&s is &skng for "ro:)%e! &s :nder 1ress:re "he g&ses #&y
re&c"
s1on"&neo:s%y! &nd co#1ressing #i;ed g&ses gre&"%y incre&ses "he ch&nces
of
f%&sh)&ck.
C) A%w&ys work in "he o1en. (%&##&)%e g&ses sho:%d ne4er )e :sed
indoors. 5&rge >:&n"i"ies of he&4ier or %igh"er "h&n &ir g&ses co:%d
&cc:#:%&"e ne&r "he f%oor or cei%ing.
-) A4oid s"&"ic e%ec"rici"y. S"&"ic is %ess of & 1ro)%e# on h:#id
d&ys! &nd i" c&n )e red:ced )y we&ring c%o"hing #&de of n&":r&% fi)ers!
re#o4ing &%% #e"&% (s:ch &s @ewe%ry! ri4e"ed c%o"hes! e"c) &nd we&ring
shoes
wi"h cre1e so%es.
+) Kee1 yo:r dis"&nce. /&s e;1%osions c&n )e 4ery 1owerf:% &nd
:n1redic"&)%e. A 55 g&%%on "r&sh )&g fi%%ed wi"h "he o1"i#:# #i;":re of
o;ygen &nd &ce"y%ene 1,, fee" &w&y c&n )%ow o:" e&rdr:#s &nd cr&ck )rick
w&%%s.
') S"&r" o:" s#&%%. =ork yo:r w&y :1 fro# s#&%% 1%&s"ic )&gs or
chi%drenHs )&%%oons.
The )es" #e"hod for s&fe igni"ion is "o #o:n" & s1&rk 1%:g in"o &
%eng"h of he&4y s"ee% 1i1e! &nd i#)ed "his 1i1e C9- fee" in"o "he
gro:nd!
wi"h %ess "h&n C fee" &)o4e gro:nd. If desired! & se&%ed ("o 1re4en" &ny
s1&rks) swi"ch c&n )e wired &cross "he wires "o shor" "he c&)%e when
yo:Hre
working &" "he si"e. $:n he&4y c&)%e :ndergro:nd fro# "he 1i1e "o &
di"ch
or ):nker &" & s&fe dis"&nce! &nd "er#in&"e "he c&)%e in & 1&ir of %&rge
&%%ig&"or c%i1s! %ike "he ones :sed on &:"o @:#1er c&)%es. The o:"er
edge
of "hese @:#1ers &nd "he %&s" foo" of wire sho:%d )e 1&in"ed )righ" red.
Now
dri4e & second 1i1e C fee" in"o "he gro:nd! %e&4ing -9+ fee" &)o4e
gro:nd.
=hi%e working &" "he si"e! "he shor"ing swi"ch sho:%d )e "hrown &nd
"he "wo &%%ig&"or c%i1s &""&ched "o "he "o1 of "he 1i1e &" "he ):nker.
Once
"he g&s e>:i1"#en" is se" :1! check "o ens:re "h&" )o"h c%i1s &re on "he
1i1e! "hen ":rn off "he shor"ing swi"ch &nd re"re&" "o "he ):nker.
A" "he ):nker! re#o4e "he c%i1s fro# "he 1i1e &nd "&ke co4er. The
wires c&n now )e &""&ched "o & high94o%"&ge so:rce. The s1&rk 1%:g wi%%
cre&"e & shor" e%ec"ric&% &rc! igni"ing "he g&ses. If "he g&s f&i%s "o
igni"e on "he firs" "ry! w&i" & few seconds "hen 1ower :1 "he s1&rk 1%:g
&
second "i#e. If "his f&i%s do no" &11ro&ch "he si"e :n"i% &%% "he g&ses
h&4e
dis1ersed.
=i"h "he :se of ):ried g&s 1i1ing &nd &n"i9f%&sh)&ck de4ices!
s&fe"y
c&n )e gre&"%y i#1ro4ed. The s&fes" #e"hod is "wo h&4e C ):nkers
e>:idis"&n"
fro# "he si"e! wi"h one :n#&nned ):nker con"&ining "he g&s cy%inders &nd
re#o"e%y con"ro%%ed 4&%4es! &nd "he second ):nker con"&ining "he
con"ro%s
&nd 1ersonne%.
D:ring "he recen" g:%f w&r! f:e%?&ir )o#)s were "o:"ed &s )eing
second
on%y "o n:c%e&r we&1ons in "heir de4&s"&"ing effec"s. These &re
)&sic&%%y
si#i%&r "o "he &)o4e de4ices! e;ce1" "h&" &n e;1%osi4e ch&rge is :sed "o
r:1":re "he f:e% con"&iner &nd dis1erse i"s con"en"s o4er & wide &re&. &
de%&yed second ch&rge is :sed "o igni"e "he f:e%. The re&c"ion is s&id
"o
1rod:ce & #&ssi4e shockw&4e &nd "o ):rn &%% "he o;ygen in & %&rge &re&!
c&:sing s:ffoc&"ion.
Ano"her )enefi" of f:e%9&ir e;1%osi4es is "h&" "he 4&1oriBed g&s
wi%%
see1 in"o for"ified ):nkers or o"her 1&r"i&%%y9se&%ed s1&ces! so & %&rge
)o#) 1%&ced in & ):i%ding wo:%d res:%" in "he des"r:c"ion of "he
#&@ori"y
of s:rro:nding roo#s.
Dry Ice Bo#)s
(Or 3ow "o recyc%e e#1"y sod& )o""%es)
Dry ice )o#)s h&4e )een disco4ered &nd redisco4ered )y #&ny
differen"
1eo1%e! &nd "here is no s:re w&y "o know who firs" c&#e :1 wi"h "he ide&
of
1:""ing dry ice (so%id c&r)on dio;ide) in"o &n e#1"y 1%&s"ic sod&
)o""%e.
There is no s"&nd&rd for#:%& for & dry ice )o#)! howe4er & generic for#
is
&s fo%%ows
T&ke & C9%i"er sod& )o""%e! e#1"y i" co#1%e"e%y! "hen &dd &)o:" -?+
5) of dry ice (cr:shed works )es") &nd (o1"ion&%) & >:&n"i"y of w&"er.
"wis"
c&1 on "igh"%y! &nd ge" &s f&r &w&y fro# i" &s 1ossi)%e.
De1ending on "he condi"ion of "he )o""%e! "he we&"her! &nd "he
&#o:n"
&nd "e#1er&":re of "he w&"er &dded! "he )o""%e #&y go off &nywhere fro#
-,
seconds "o 5 #in:"es fro# when i" w&s c&11ed. =i"ho:" &ny w&"er &dded!
"he
C9%i"er )o""%es gener&%%y "&ke fro# - "o E #in:"es if dro11ed in"o &
w&r#
ri4er! &nd +5 #in:"es "o 1T ho:rs in o1en &ir. I" is 1ossi)%e for "he
)o""%e "o re&ch &n e;"re#e 1ress:re wi"ho:" re&ching "he ):rs"ing 1oin"!
in
which c&se &ny con"&c" wi"h "he )o""%e wo:%d c&:se i" "o e;1%ode. This
effec" h&s res:%"ed in se4er&% in@:ries! &nd is diffic:%" "o re%i&)%y
re1rod:ce.
The e;1%osion so:nds e>:i4&%en" "o &n M91,,! &nd :s:&%%y res:%"s in
"he )o""%e )re&king in"o se4er&% %&rge! sh&r1 1ieces of froBen 1%&s"ic!
wi"h
"he #os" d&ngero:s 1ro@ec"i%e )eing "he "o1 sec"ion wi"h "he screw9on
c&1.
7%&s"ic 1' oB. sod& )o""%es &nd 1 %i"er )o""%es work &%#os" &s we%% &s
do
"he C9%i"ers! howe4er g%&ss )o""%es &renH" ne&r%y &s %o:d! &nd c&n
1rod:ce
d&ngero:s shr&1ne%.
$e#e#)er! "hese &re 5O2DA Dori&n! & c%&ss#&"e of #ine! se" :1 1,
)o""%es in & ne&r)y 1&rk wi"ho:" &dding w&"er. Af"er "he firs" "wo wen"
off
("here w&s &)o:" 1, #in:"es )e"ween e;1%osions) "he 7o%ice &rri4ed &nd
s1en"
"he ne;" ho:r "rying "o find "he g:y who "hey "ho:gh" w&s se""ing off
M91,,Hs &%% &ro:nd "he#...
2sing &ny"hing o"her "h&n 1%&s"ic "o con"&in dry ice )o#)s is
s:icid&%. 64en 1%&s"ic C9%i"er )o""%es c&n 1rod:ce so#e n&s"y shr&1ne%
One
so:rce "e%%s #e "h&" he c&:sed &n e;1%osion wi"h & C9%i"er )o""%e "h&"
des"royed & #e"&% g&r)&ge c&n. Bec&:se of "he freeBing "e#1er&":res!
"he
1%&s"ic c&n )eco#e 4ery h&rd &nd )ri""%e! &nd when "he )o""%e r:1":res
i"
#&y s1r&y sh&rds of sh&r1! froBen 1%&s"ic. =hi%e 1%&s"ic )o""%es c&n )e
d&ngero:s! g%&ss )o""%es #&y )e de&d%y. I" is r:#ored "h&" se4er&% kids
h&4e
)een ki%%ed )y sh&rds of g%&ss res:%"ing fro# "he :se of & g%&ss )o""%e.
(or so#e re&son! dry ice )o#)s h&4e )eco#e 4ery 1o1:%&r in "he
s"&"e
of 2"&h. As & res:%"! dry ice )o#)s h&4e )een c%&ssified &s infern&%
de4ices! &nd in :"&h 1ossession of & co#1%e"ed )o#) is & cri#in&%
offense.
Mos" o"her s"&"es do no" h&4e s1ecific %&ws on "he )ooks o:"%&wing "hese
de4ices. There &re se4er&% generic offenses which yo: co:%d )e ch&rged
wi"h!
inc%:ding dis":r)ing "he 1e&ce! reck%ess end&nger#en"! des"r:c"ion of
1ro1er"y! &nd cons"r:c"ion of & nef&rio:s de4ice.
I" is in"eres"ing "o no"e "h&" dry ice )o#)s &re no" re&%%y
1yro"echnic de4ices. As "he c&r)on dio;ide s:)%i#es in"o i"Hs g&seo:s
s"&"e!
"he 1ress:re inside "he )o""%e incre&ses. =hen "he )o""%e r:1":res! "he
g&s
is re%e&sed. This s:dden re%e&se of 1ress:re c&:ses "he "e#1er&":re of
"he
g&ses "o dro1. I" is no"iced "h&" righ" &f"er de"on&"ion! & c%o:d of
whi"e
4&1or &11e&rs. This #&y )e "he w&"er 4&1or in "he s:rro:nding &ir
s:dden%y
condensing when i" con"&c"s "he freeBing co%d g&s.
A%#os" &ny re&c"ion "h&" 1rod:ces %&rge &#o:n"s of g&s fro# & #:ch
s#&%%er 4o%:#e c&n )e :sed. One co##on 4&ri&"ion is "he :se of Dr&noM
crys"&%s &nd shredded &%:#in:# foi%. =hen w&"er is &dded "he Dr&no!
which
is #&in%y %ye (&n e;"re#e%y c&:s"ic s:)s"&nce)! disso%4es in "he w&"er
&nd
re&c"s wi"h "he &%:#in:#! 1rod:cing he&" &nd hydrogen g&s. If "he he&"
doesnH" #e%" "he )o""%e "he 1ress:re wi%% e4en":&%%y c&:se i" "o
r:1":re!
s1r&ying c&:s"ic %i>:id &nd re%e&sing & %&rge >:&n"i"y of (f%&##&)%e)
hydrogen g&s! &s we%% &s so#e w&"er 4&1or.
Ano"her in"eres"ing re&c"ion is &dding #&n&g&nese dio;ide "o
hydrogen
1ero;ide. The #&ng&nese dio;ide is & c&"&%ys" "h&" &%%ows "he hydrogen
1ero;ide "o re%e&se "he e;"r& o;ygen &"o#! yie%ding free o;ygen &nd
w&"er
C3COC O MgOC C3CO OOC O MgOC
I" #&y )e 1ossi)%e "o co#)ine "he dr&in o1ener re&c"ion wi"h "he
hydrogen 1ero;ide re&c"ion! yie%ding he&"! o;ygen! &nd hydrogen. =hen
#i;ed
in "he 1ro1er 1ro1or"ion "hese "hree co#1onen"s c&n yie%d & 4ery
1owerf:%
e;1%osion fro# "he 4io%en"%y e;o"her#ic re&c"ion of "he hydrogen &nd
o;ygen.
7re%i#in&ry e;1eri#en"s h&4e shown "h&" "he dr&in o1ener re&c"ion "ends
"o
1roceed #:ch #ore >:ick%y "h&n "he 1ero;ide re&c"ion! &nd i" of"en
1rod:ces
eno:gh e;cess he&" "o c&:se "he )o""%e "o r:1":re 1re#&":re%y.
Ano"her 1ossi)%e re&c"ion is 1oo% ch%orine "&)%e"s (:s:&%%y c&%ci:#
hy1och%ori"e) &nd ho:seho%d &##oni&. This re&c"ion 1rod:ces 1oisono:s
ch%orine g&s. B&king sod& &nd 4ineg&r h&4e )een "ried! ):" "he re&c"ion
see#s
"o )eco#e inhi)i"ed )y "he rising 1ress:re.
There &re &%so #&ny 4&ri&"ions 1ossi)%e when :sing dry ice. If &
)o""%e "h&" is no" disso%4ed )y &ce"one (s:ch &s #os" C95 sod& )o""%es)
is
:sed! "he c:rshed dry ice c&n )e #i;ed wi"h &ce"one. This wi%% gre&"%y
s1eed
:1 "he re&c"ion! since :n%ike w&"er! &ce"one re#&ins & %i>:id &" 4ery
%ow
"e#1er&":res. One h&B&rd ()enefi"U) of &dding &ce"one is "h&" "he
r:1":ring
)o""%e wi%% s1r&y co%d &ce"one &ro:nd in %i>:id for#. This c&n )e 4ery
h&B&rdo:s! since &ce"one is & 4ery 1owerf:% so%4en"! &nd is e;"re#e%y
f%&##&)%e.
2SIN/ 6D75OSIV6S
Once & 1erson h&s 1rod:ced his e;1%osi4es! "he ne;" %ogic&% s"e1 is
"o &11%y "he#. 6;1%osi4es h&4e & wide r&nge of :ses! fro# en"er"&in#en"
"o
e;"re#e des"r:c"ion.
NON6 O( T36 ID6AS 7$6S6NT6D 36$6 A$6 6V6$ TO B6 8A$$I6D O2T! 6IT36$
IN 7A$T O$ IN (255. 75ANNIN/ O$ 6D682TIN/ AN< O( T36S6 ID6AS 8AN 56AD TO
7$OS682TION! (IN6S! AND IM7$ISONM6NTA
The firs" s"e1 & 1erson "h&" wo:%d :se e;1%osi4e wo:%d "&ke wo:%d
)e
"o de"er#ine how )ig &n e;1%osi4e de4ice wo:%d )e needed "o &chie4e "he
desired effec". Then! he wo:%d h&4e "o decide wh&" #&"eri&%s "o :se!
)&sed
on wh&" is c:rren"%y &4&i%&)%e. 3e wo:%d &%so h&4e "o decide on how he
w&n"ed "o ini"i&"e "he de4ice! &nd de"er#ine where "he )es" 1%&ce#en"
for
i" wo:%d )e. (in&%%y! one #:s" 1rod:ce "he de4ice wi"ho:" :n&cce1"&)%e
risk
"o ones own %ife.
Igni"ion De4ices
There &re #&ny w&ys "o igni"e e;1%osi4e de4ices. There is "he
c%&ssic
G1%&ce on gro:nd! %igh" f:se &nd ge" &w&yG &11ro&ch! &nd "here &re
1osi"ion
or #o4e#en" sensi"i4e swi"ches! &nd #&ny "hings in )e"ween. /ener&%%y!
e%ec"ric&% de"on&"ion sys"e#s &re s&fer "h&n f:ses! ):" "here &re "i#es
when
f:ses &re #ore &11ro1ri&"e "h&n e%ec"ric&% sys"e#sK i" is diffic:%" "o
c&rry
& so1his"ic&"ed e%ec"ric&% de"on&"ion sys"e# in"o & s"&di:#! for
ins"&nce!
wi"ho:" )eing c&:gh". A de4ice wi"h & f:se or i#1&c" de"on&"ing f:Be
wo:%d
)e e&sier "o hide.
(:se Igni"ion
The o%des" for# of e;1%osi4e igni"ion! f:ses &re 1erh&1s "he
f&4ori"e
"y1e of igni"ion sys"e#. By si#1%y 1%&cing & 1iece of w&"er1roof f:se
in
& de4ice! one c&n h&4e &%#os" g:&r&n"eed igni"ion. (:ses &re cer"&in%y
"he
"he #os" econo#ic&% &nd co##ony% &4&i%&)%e #e&ns of igni"ion.
Modern w&"er1roof f:se is e;"re#e%y re%i&)%e! ):rning &" & r&"e of
&)o:" C.5 seconds "o "he inch. I" is &4&i%&)%e &s #ode% rocke"ry f:se
in
#os" ho))y sho1s! &nd cos"s &)o:" L-.,, for & 1&ck&ge of "en fee".
8&nnon
f:se is & 1o1:%&r igni"ion sys"e# for :se in 1i1e )o#)s )ec&:se of i"s
si#1%ici"y &nd re%i&)i%i"y. A%% "h&" need )e done is %igh" i" wi"h &
#&"ch
or %igh"er. Of co:rse! if "he Ar#y h&d on%y f:ses %ike "his! "hen "he
gren&de! which :ses & for# of f:se igni"ion! wo:%d )e 4ery i#1r&c"ic&%.
If
& gren&de igni"ion sys"e# c&n )e &c>:ired! )y &%% #e&ns :se i"! i" is
"he
#os" effec"i4e. There &re se4er&% 4&rie"ies of 1:%%9ring igni"ers
&4&i%&)%e!
so:rces for so#e &re %is"ed in "he &11endices. The ne;" )es" "hing "o &
1:%%9ring sys"e# is "o 1re1&re & f:se sys"e# which does no" re>:ire "he
:se
of & #&"ch or %igh"er! ):" s"i%% re"&ins & %e4e% of si#1%ici"y. One s:ch
#e"hod is descri)ed )e%ow
MAT6$IA5S
s"rike9on9co4er "y1e #&"ches
e%ec"ric&% "&1e
w&"er1roof f:se
1) To de"er#ine "he ):rn r&"e of & 1&r"ic:%&r "y1e of f:se! si#1%y
#e&s:re & ' inch or %onger 1iece of f:se &nd igni"e i". =i"h &
s"o1w&"ch!
1ress "he s"&r" ):""on "he &" "he ins"&n" when "he f:se %igh"s! &nd s"o1
"he
w&"ch when "he f:se re&ches i"s end. Di4ide "he "i#e of ):rn )y "he
%eng"h
of f:se! &nd yo: h&4e "he ):rn r&"e of "he f:se! in seconds 1er inch.
This
wi%% )e shown )e%ow
S:11ose &n eigh" inch 1iece of f:se is ):rned! &nd i"s co#1%e"e
"i#e
of co#):s"ion is C, seconds.
C, seconds ? . inches T C.5 seconds 1er inch.
If & de%&y of 1, seconds w&s desired wi"h "his f:se! di4ide "he
desired "i#e )y "he n:#)er of seconds 1er inch
1, seconds ? C.5 seconds 1er inch T + inches
No"e The %eng"h of f:se here #e&ns %eng"h of f:se "o "he 1owder.
So#e
f:se! &" %e&s" &n inch! sho:%d e;"end inside "he de4ice. &%w&ys &dd "his
e;"r& inch! &nd &%w&ys 1:" i" inside "he de4ice.
C) Af"er deciding how %ong & de%&y is desired )efore "he e;1%osi4e
de4ice is "o go off! &dd &)o:" T inch "o "he 1re9#e&s:red &#o:n" of
f:se!
&nd c:" i" off.
-) 8&ref:%%y re#o4e "he c&rd)o&rd #&"ches fro# "he 1&1er #&"ch
c&se.
Do no" 1:%% off indi4id:&% #&"chesK kee1 &%% "he #&"ches &""&ched "o "he
c&rd)o&rd )&se. T&ke one of "he c&rd)o&rd #&"ch sec"ions! &nd %e&4e "he
o"her one "o #&ke & second igni"er.
+) =r&1 "he #&"ches &ro:nd "he end of "he f:se! wi"h "he he&ds of
"he
#&"ches "o:ching "he 4ery end of "he f:se. T&1e "he# "here sec:re%y!
#&king
s:re no" "o 1:" "&1e o4er "he #&"ch he&ds. M&ke s:re "hey &re 4ery
sec:re
)y 1:%%ing on "he# &" "he )&se of "he &sse#)%y. They sho:%d no" )e &)%e
"o
#o4e.
5) =r&1 "he co4er of "he #&"ches &ro:nd "he #&"ches &""&ched "o "he
f:se! #&king s:re "h&" "he s"riker 1&1er is )e%ow "he #&"ch he&ds &nd
"he
s"riker f&ces "he #&"ch he&ds. T&1e "he 1&1er so "h&" is f&ir%y "igh"
&ro:nd
"he #&"ches. Do no" "&1e "he co4er of "he s"riker "o "he f:se or "o "he
#&"ches. 5e&4e eno:gh of "he #&"ch )ook "o 1:%% on for igni"ion.
The #&"ch )ook is wr&11ed &ro:nd "he #&"ches! &nd is "&1ed "o
i"se%f.
The #&"ches &re "&1ed "o "he f:se. The s"riker wi%% r:) &g&ins" "he
#&"ch
he&ds when "he #&"ch )ook is 1:%%ed.
') =hen re&dy "o :se! si#1%y 1:%% on "he #&"ch 1&1er. I" sho:%d
1:%%
"he s"riking 1&1er &cross "he #&"ch he&ds wi"h eno:gh fric"ion "o %igh"
"he#. In ":rn! "he ):rning #&"ch he&ds wi%% %igh" "he f:se! since i"
&d@&cen" "o "he ):rning #&"ch he&ds.
M&king B%&ck#&"ch (:se
T&ke & f%&" 1iece of 1%&s"ic or #e"&% ()r&ss or &%:#in:# &re e&sy
"o
work wi"h &nd wonH" r:s"). Dri%% & 1?1'"h inch ho%e "hro:gh i". This
is
yo:r die for siBing "he f:se. <o: c&n #&ke f:ses &s )ig &s yo: w&n"!
):"
"his is "he righ" siBe for 1i1e )o#)s &nd o"her rigid c&sings.
To &)o:" T c:1 of )%&ck 1owder &dd w&"er "o #&ke & "hin 1&s"e. Add
T "e&s1oon of corn s"&rch. 8:" so#e one foo" %eng"hs of co""on "hre&d.
2se
co""on! no" si%k or "hre&d #&de fro# syn"he"ic fi)ers. 7:" "hese
"oge"her
:n"i% yo: h&4e & "hickness "h&" fi%%s "he ho%e in "he die ):" c&n )e
dr&wn
"hro:gh 4ery e&si%y.
Tie yo:r ):nd%e of "hre&ds "oge"her &" one end. Se1&r&"e "he
"hre&ds
&nd ho%d "he ):nd%e o4er "he )%&ck 1owder #i;":re. 5ower "he "hre&ds
wi"h
& circ:%&r #o"ion so "hey s"&r" c:r%ing on"o "he #i;":re. 7ress "he#
:nder
wi"h "he )&ck of & "e&s1oon &nd con"in:e %owering "he# so "hey coi% in"o
"he
1&s"e. T&ke "he end yo: &re ho%ding &nd "hre&d i" "hro:gh "he die. 7:%%
i"
"hro:gh s#oo"h%y in one %ong #o"ion.
To dry yo:r f:se! %&y i" on & 1iece of &%:#in:# foi% &nd )&ke i" in
yo:r C5,, o4en or "ie i" "o & gri%% in "he o4en &nd %e" i" h&ng down.
The
f:se #:s" )e )&ked "o #&ke i" s"iff eno:gh for "he :ses i" wi%% )e 1:"
"o
%&"er. Air drying wi%% no" do "he @o). If yo: :sed Sodi:# Ni"r&"e! i"
wi%%
no" dry co#1%e"e%y &" roo# "e#1er&":res.
8:" "he dry f:se wi"h scissors in"o C inch %eng"hs &nd s"ore in &n
&ir
"igh" con"&iner. 3&nd%e "his f:se c&ref:% "o &4oid )re&king i". <o:
c&n
&%so :se & firecr&cker f:se if yo: h&4e &ny &4&i%&)%e. The f:ses c&n
:s:&%%y )e 1:%%ed o:" wi"ho:" )re&king. To gi4e yo:rse%f so#e r:nning
"i#e!
yo: wi%% )e e;"ending "hese f:ses ()%&ck#&"ch or firecr&cker f:se) wi"h
s:%f:red wick.
(in&%%y! i" is 1ossi)%e "o #&ke & re%&"i4e%y s%ow9):rning f:se in
"he
ho#e. By disso%4ing &)o:" one "e&s1oon of )%&ck 1owder in &)o:" N c:1 of
)oi%ing w&"er! &nd! whi%e i" is s"i%% ho"! so&king in i" & %ong 1iece of
&%%
co""on s"ring! & s%ow9):rning f:se c&n )e #&de. Af"er "he so&ked s"ring
dries! i" #:s" "hen )e "ied "o "he f:se of &n e;1%osi4e de4ice.
So#e"i#es!
"he end of "he s%ow ):rning f:se "h&" #ee"s "he nor#&% f:se h&s & ch&rge
of
)%&ck 1owder or g:n1owder &" "he in"ersec"ion 1oin" "o ins:re igni"ion!
since "he s%ow9):rning f:se does no" ):rn &" & 4ery high "e#1er&":re.
A si#i%&r "y1e of s%ow f:se c&n )e #&de )y "&king "he &)o4e #i;":re
of )oi%ing w&"er &nd )%&ck 1owder &nd 1o:ring i" on & %ong 1iece of
"oi%e"
1&1er. The we" "oi%e" 1&1er is "hen gen"%y "wis"ed :1 so "h&" i"
rese#)%es
& firecr&cker f:se! &nd is &%%owed "o dry.
M&king S:%f:red =ick
There &re se4er&% w&ys "o #&ke s:%f:red wick! One #e"hod is "o :se
he&4y
co""on s"ring &)o:" 1?."h inch in di&#e"er. <o: c&n find i" &" & g&rden
s:11%y or h&rdw&re s"ore! i" is of"en :sed for "ieing :1 "o#&"oes. Be
s:re
"he s"ring is co""on! &nd no" so#e for# of syn"he"ic f&)ric. <o: c&n
"es"
i" )y %igh"ing one end. I" sho:%d con"in:e "o ):rn &f"er "he #&"ch is
re#o4ed &nd when )%own o:" wi%% h&4e & s#o%dering co&% on "he end. 7:"
&
s#&%% >:&ni"i"y of s:%f:r in & s#&%% con"&iner (& s#&%% 1ie 1&n works
we%%)
&nd #e%" i" in "he o4en &" C5, degrees (&hrenhei".
The s:%f:r wi%% #e%" in"o & "r&ns1&ren" ye%%ow %i>:id. If i"
s"&r"s
":rning )rown! i" is "oo ho". 8oi% &)o:" & one foo" %eng"h of s"ring
in"o
i". The #e%"ed s:%f:r wi%% so&k in >:ick%y. =hen s&":r&"ed! 1:%% i"
o:"
&nd "ie i" :1 "o coo% &nd h&rden.
I" c&n )e c:" "o desired %eng"hs wi"h scissors. C inches is &)o:"
righ". These wicks wi%% ):rn s%ow%y wi"h & )%:e f%&#e &nd do no" )%ow
o:"
e&si%y in & #oder&"e wind. They wi%% no" ):rn "hro:gh & ho%e in & #e"&%
1i1e! ):" &re gre&" for e;"ending yo:r o"her f:se. They wi%% no" "hrow
off
#&ny s1&rks. This is >:i"e :n%ike )%&ck#&"ch! which gener&"es s1&rks
which
c&n igni"e i" &%ong i"s %eng"h c&:sing #:ch %ess 1redic"&)%e ):rning
"i#es.
M&king P:ick#&"ch (:se
So#e"i#es i" is desir&)%e "o h&4e & re%i&)%e! f&s" ):rning f:se!
r&"her "h&n "o :se s%ow f:se. P:ick#&"ch f:se ):rns &%#os"
ins"&n"&neo:s%y!
&nd is :sef:% when "wo i"e#s! %oc&"ed so#e dis"&nce &1&r"! need "o )e
igni"ed &" "he s&#e "i#e.
The si#1%es" w&y "o #&ke >:ick#&"ch is "o enc%ose & %eng"h of
)%&ck#&"ch f:se in & ":)e wi"h &n inside di&#e"er &)o:" "wice "he
di&#e"er
of "he f:se. =hen one end is %i"! "he f:se wi%% ):rn "hro:gh "he ":)e
wi"hin
& co:1%e seconds. This is )ec&:se "he ":)e he%1s "he s1&rks fro# "he
)%&ck#&"ch "o 1ro1&g&"e down "he %eng"h of "he f:se.
Ano"her si#1%e #e"hod of #&king >:ick#&"ch is "o 1:rch&se & ro%% of
e;"r&9wide #&sking "&1e (1T9C inches works we%%). 2nwind & few fee" of
"&1e!
"hen 1o:r & "r&i% of )%&ck1owder or 1yrode; down "he #idd%e! #&king s:re
"o
%e&4e TG of "he "&1e on "he righ" side c%e&n of 1owder. =hen "he res" of
"he
"&1e is co#1%e"e%y co4ered wi"h 1owder! fo%d "he %ef" side o4er "o
wi"hin
NG of "he righ" edge! "hen fo%d "he (c%e&n) righ" side o4er "he %ef" &nd
1ress i" in 1%&ce. The finished >:ick#&"ch sho:%d now )e he%d )y one end
"o
&%%ow "he e;cess 1owder "o dr&in o:". If #:%"i1%e de4ices &re "o )e
&""&ched
"o "he >:ick#&"ch! & s#&%% ho%e c&n )e 1oked &" "he &11ro1ri&"e s1o" &nd
&n
inch of )%&ck#&"ch f:se sho:%d )e inser"ed &" "h&" 1oin".
P:ick#&"ch is e&si%y d&#&ged )y w&"er! &nd sho:%d no" )e f%&""ened
o:"
&s "h&" wi%% %i#i" i"s effec"i4eness. If "he f:se h&s & "endency "o go
o:"!
co&rser gr&ined 1owder sho:%d )e :sed.
I#1&c" Igni"ion
I#1&c" igni"ion is &n e;ce%%en" #e"hod of igni"ion for &ny de4ice
"h&"
is in"ended "o )e e#1%oyed &s & 1ro@ec"i%e. The 1ro)%e# wi"h &n i#1&c"
igni"ing de4ice is "h&" i" #:s" )e ke1" in & 4ery s&fe con"&iner so "h&"
i"
wi%% no" e;1%ode whi%e )eing "r&ns1or"ed "o "he 1%&ce where i" is "o )e
:sed. This c&n )e done )y h&4ing & re#o4&)%e i#1&c" ini"i&"or.
The )es" &nd #os" re%i&)%e i#1&c" ini"i&"or is one "h&" :ses
f&c"ory
#&de ini"i&"ors or 1ri#ers. A no. 11 c&1 for )%&ck 1owder fire&r#s is
one
s:ch 1ri#er. They :s:&%%y co#e in )o;es of 1,,! &nd cos" &)o:" LC.5,.
To :se s:ch & c&1! howe4er! one needs & ni11%e "h&" i" wi%% fi" on.
B%&ck 1owder ni11%es &re &%so &4&i%&)%e in g:n s"ores. A%% "h&" & 1erson
h&s
"o do is &sk for & 1&ck&ge of ni11%es &nd "he c&1s "h&" fi" "he#.
Ni11%es
h&4e & ho%e "h&" goes &%% "he w&y "hro:gh "he#! one of "he ends is
"hre&ded!
&nd "he o"her end h&s & f%&" &re& "o 1:" "he c&1 on. A c:"&w&y of &
ni11%e
is shown )e%ow
Q I552ST$ATIONS AVAI5AB56 ON5< IN 8OMM6$I8IA% 7$INT6D $656AS6 R
=hen #&king :sing "his "y1e of ini"i&"or! & ho%e #:s" )e dri%%ed
in"o
wh&"e4er con"&iner is :sed "o #&ke "he )o#) o:" of. The ni11%e is "hen
screwed in"o "he ho%e so "h&" i" fi"s "igh"%y. Then! "he c&1 c&n )e
c&rried
&nd 1%&ced on "he )o#) when i" is "o )e "hrown. The c&1 sho:%d )e )en" &
s#&%% &#o:n" )efore i" is 1%&ced on "he ni11%e! "o #&ke s:re "h&" i"
s"&ys
in 1%&ce. The on%y o"her 1ro)%e# in4o%4ed wi"h &n i#1&c" de"on&"ing
)o#)
is "h&" i" #:s" s"rike & h&rd s:rf&ce on "he ni11%e "o se" i" off. By
&""&ching fins or & s#&%% 1&r&ch:"e on "he end of "he )o#) o11osi"e "he
1ri#er! "he )o#)! when "hrown! sho:%d s"rike "he gro:nd on "he 1ri#er!
&nd
e;1%ode. Of co:rse! & )o#) wi"h #erc:ry f:%#in&"e in e&ch end wi%% go
off
on i#1&c" reg&rd%ess of which end i" s"rikes on! ):" #erc:ry f:%#in&"e
is
&%so %ike%y "o go off if "he 1erson c&rrying "he )o#) is ):#1ed h&rd.
MA/I82B6M Igni"or
A 4ery sensi"i4e &nd re%i&)%e i#1&c" ini"i&"or c&n )e 1rod:ced fro#
"he co##on MA/I82B6 "y1e c&#er& f%&sh):%)s. Si#1%y cr&ck "he 1%&s"ic
co4er
off! re#o4e "he ref%ec"or! &nd yo: wi%% see + ):%)s! e&ch of which h&s &
s#&%% #e"&% rod ho%ding i" in 1%&ce.
8&ref:%%y gr&s1 "his rod wi"h & 1&ir of need%e9nose 1%iers! &nd 1ry
gen"%y :1w&rds! #&king s:re "h&" no force is &11%ied "o "he g%&ss ):%).
6&ch ):%) is co&"ed wi"h 1%&s"ic! which #:s" )e re#o4ed for "he# "o
)e effec"i4e in o:r &11%ic&"ion. This co&"ing c&n )e re#o4ed )y so&king
"he
):%)s in & s#&%% g%&ss of &ce"one for -,9+5 #in:"es! &" which 1oin" "he
1%&s"ic c&n )e e&si%y 1ee%ed &w&y.
The )es" #e"hod of :sing "hese is "o disso%4e so#e ni"roce%%:%ose
)&sed s#oke%ess 1owder (or #&ke yo:r own ni"roce%%:%ose see 1&ge 1*)in &
s#&%% >:&n"i"y of &ce"one &nd?or e"her! for#ing & "hick g%:e9%ike 1&s"e.
8o&" "he end of "he f:se wi"h "his 1&s"e! "hen s"ick "he ):%) (wi"h "he
#e"&% rod f&cing o:") in"o "he 1&s"e. A)o:" h&%f "he ):%) sho:%d )e
co#1%e"e%y co4ered! &nd if & V6$< T3IN %&yer of ni"roce%%:%ose is co&"ed
o4er "he re#&inder of "he ):%) "hen igni"ion sho:%d )e 4ery re%i&)%e.
To ins:re "h&" "he de4ice %&nds wi"h "he ):%) down! & s#&%%
s"re&#er
c&n )e &""&ched "o "he o11osi"e side! so when i" is "ossed high in"o "he
&ir
"he &11ro1ri&"e end wi%% hi" "he gro:nd firs".
6%ec"ric&% Igni"ion
6%ec"ric&% igni"ion sys"e#s for de"on&"ion &re :s:&%%y "he s&fes"
&nd
#os" re%i&)%e for# of igni"ion. 6%ec"ric&% sys"e#s &re ide&% for
de#o%i"ion
work! if one doesnH" h&4e "o worry so #:ch &)o:" )eing c&:gh". =i"h "wo
s1oo%s of 5,, f" of wire &nd & c&r )&""ery! one c&n de"on&"e e;1%osi4es
fro#
& co#for"&)%e &nd re%&"i4e%y s&fe dis"&nce! &nd )e s:re "h&" "here is
no)ody
&ro:nd "h&" co:%d ge" h:r". =i"h &n e%ec"ric&% sys"e#! one c&n con"ro%
e;&c"%y wh&" "i#e & de4ice wi%% e;1%ode! wi"hin fr&c"ions of & second.
De"on&"ion c&n )e &)or"ed in %ess "h&n & secondHs w&rning! if & 1erson
s:dden%y w&%ks )y "he de"on&"ion sigh"! or if & 1o%ice c&r chooses "o
ro%%
)y &" "he "i#e. The "wo )es" e%ec"ric&% igni"ers &re #i%i"&ry s>:i)s &nd
#ode% rocke"ry igni"ers. B%&s"ing c&1s for cons"r:c"ion &%so work we%%.
Mode% rocke"ry igni"ers &re so%d in 1&ck&ges of si;! &nd cos" &)o:"
L1.,,
1er 1&ck. A%% "h&" need )e done "o :se "he# is connec" i" "o "wo wires
&nd
r:n & c:rren" "hro:gh "he#. Mi%i"&ry s>:i)s &re diffic:%" "o ge"! ):"
"hey
&re & %i""%e )i" )e""er! since "hey e;1%ode when & c:rren" is r:n
"hro:gh
"he#! where&s rocke"ry igni"ers on%y ):rs" in"o f%&#e. Mos" s>:i)s wi%%
NOT
de"on&"e K8%O-?1e"ro%e:# @e%%y or $DD. These re%&"i4e%y insensi"i4e
e;1%osi4es re>:ire & )%&s"ing c&1 "y1e de"on&"ion in #os" c&ses. There
&re!
howe4er! #i%i"&ry e;1%osi4e s>:i)s which wi%% do "he @o).
Igni"ers c&n )e :sed "o se" off )%&ck 1owder! #erc:ry f:%#in&"e!
3MDT!
or g:nco""on! which in ":rn! c&n se" of & high order e;1%osi4e.
A Si#1%e 6%ec"ric (:Be
T&ke & f%&sh%igh" ):%) &nd 1%&ce i" g%&ss "i1 down on & fi%e.
/rind
i" down on "he fi%e :n"i% "here is & ho%e in "he end. So%der one wire
"o
"he c&se of "he ):%) &nd &no"her "o "he cen"er cond:c"or &" "he end.
(i%%
"he ):%) wi"h )%&ck 1owder or 1owdered #&"ch he&d. One or "wo f%&sh%igh"
)&""eries wi%% he&" "he fi%&#en" in "he ):%) c&:sing "he 1owder "o
igni"e.
Ano"her 6%ec"ric (:Be
T&ke & #edi:# gr&de of s"ee% woo% &nd 1:%% & s"r&nd o:" of i".
A""&ch
i" "o "he ends of "wo 1ieces of co11er wire )y wr&11ing i" &ro:nd & few
":rns &nd "hen 1inch on & s#&%% 1iece of so%der "o )ind "he s"r&nd "o
"he
wire. <o: w&n" &)o:" T inch of s"ee% s"r&nd )e"ween "he wires. N:#)er
1.
or C, is & good siBe wire "o :se.
8:" & T )y 1 inch 1iece of "hin c&rd)o&rd of ("he "y1e :sed in
#&"ch
co4ers is ide&%). 7%&ce & s#&%% 1i%e of 1owdered #&"ch he&d in "he
cen"er
&nd 1ress i" f%&". 1%&ce "he wires so "he s"ee% s"r&nd is on "o1 of &nd
in
con"&c" wi"h "he 1owder. S1rink%e on #ore 1owder "o co4er "he s"r&nd.
The s"r&nd sho:%d )e s:rro:nded wi"h 1owder &nd no" "o:ching
&ny"hing
e%se e;ce1" "he wires &" i"s ends. 7%&ce & 1iece of )%&ck#&"ch in
con"&c"
wi"h "he 1owder. Now 1:" & 1iece of #&sking "&1e on "o1 of "he %o"! &nd
fo%d i" :nder on "he "wo ends. 7ress i" down so i" s"icks &%% &ro:nd
"he
1owder. The wires &re s"icking o:" on one side &nd "he )%&ck#&"ch on "he
o"her. A sing%e f%&sh%igh" )&""ery wi%% se" "his off.
6%ec"ro9#ech&nic&% Igni"ion
6%ec"ro9#ech&nic&% igni"ion sys"e#s &re sys"e#s "h&" :se so#e "y1e
of
#ech&nic&% swi"ch "o se" off &n e;1%osi4e ch&rge e%ec"ric&%%y. This
"y1e
of swi"ch is "y1ic&%%y :sed in )oo)y "r&1s or o"her de4ices in which "he
1erson who 1%&ces "he )o#) does no" wish "o )e &nywhere ne&r "he de4ice
when
i" e;1%odes. Se4er&% "y1es of e%ec"ro9#ech&nic&% de"on&"ors wi%% )e
disc:ssed.
Merc:ry Swi"ches
Merc:ry swi"ches &re & swi"ch "h&" :ses "he f&c" "h&" #erc:ry #e"&%
cond:c"s e%ec"rici"y! &s do &%% #e"&%s! ):" #erc:ry #e"&% is & %i>:id &"
roo# "e#1er&":res. A "y1ic&% #erc:ry swi"ch is & se&%ed g%&ss ":)e wi"h
"wo
e%ec"rodes &nd & )e&d of #erc:ry #e"&%. I" is se&%ed )ec&:se of
#erc:ryHs
n&s"y h&)i" of gi4ing off )r&in9d&#&ging 4&1ors. The di&gr&# )e%ow #&y
he%1
"o e;1%&in & #erc:ry swi"ch.
=hen "he dro1 of #erc:ry (G3gG is #erc:ryHs &"o#ic sy#)o%) "o:ches
)o"h con"&c"s! c:rren" f%ows "hro:gh "he swi"ch. If "his 1&r"ic:%&r
swi"ch
w&s in i"s 1resen" 1osi"ion! A999B! c:rren" wo:%d no" )e f%owing. If "he
swi"ch w&s ro"&"ed *, degrees so "he wires were 1oin"ed down! "he
#erc:ry
wo:%d "o:ch )o"h con"&c"s in "h&" 4er"ic&% 1osi"ion.
If! howe4er! i" w&s in "he 4er"ic&% 1osi"ion! "he dro1 of #erc:ry
wo:%d on%y "o:ch "he O con"&c" on "he A side. 8:rren"! "hen co:%dnH"
f%ow!
since #erc:ry does no" re&ch )o"h con"&c"s when "he swi"ch is in "he
4er"ic&% 1osi"ion. This "y1e of swi"ch is ide&% "o 1%&ce )y & door. If
i"
were 1%&ced in "he 1&"h of & swinging door in "he 4ersic%e 1osi"ion! "he
#o"ion of "he door wo:%d knock "he swi"ch down! if i" w&s he%d "o "he
gro:nd
)y & 1iece if "&1e. This wo:%d "i%" "he swi"ch in"o "he 4ersic%e
1osi"ion!
c&:sing "he #erc:ry "o "o:ch )o"h con"&c"s! &%%owing c:rren" "o f%ow
"hro:gh
"he #erc:ry! &nd "o "he igni"er or s>:i) in &n e;1%osi4e de4ice.
Tri1 wire Swi"ches
A "ri1 wire is &n e%e#en" of "he c%&ssic )oo)y "r&1. By 1%&cing &
ne&r%y in4isi)%e %ine of s"ring or fishing %ine in "he 1ro)&)%e 1&"h of
&
4ic"i#! &nd )y 1:""ing so#e "y1e of "r&1 "here &%so! n&s"y "hings c&n )e
c&:sed "o occ:r. If "his #ode of "ho:gh" is &11%ied "o e;1%osi4es! how
wo:%d
one :se s:ch & "ri1 wire "o de"on&"e & )o#). The "echni>:e is si#1%e.
By
wr&11ing "he "i1s of & s"&nd&rd c%o"hes1in wi"h &%:#in:# foi%! &nd
1%&cing
so#e"hing )e"ween "he#! &nd connec"ing wires "o e&ch &%:#in:# foi%
con"&c"!
&n e%ec"ric "ri1 wire c&n )e #&de! If & 1iece of wood &""&ched "o "he
"ri1
wire w&s 1%&ced )e"ween "he con"&c"s on "he c%o"hes1in! "he c%o"hes1in
wo:%d
ser4e &s & swi"ch. =hen "he "ri1 wire w&s 1:%%ed! "he c%o"hes1in wo:%d
sn&1
"oge"her! &%%owing c:rren" "o f%ow )e"ween "he "wo 1ieces of &%:#in:#
foi%!
"here)y co#1%e"ing & circ:i"! which wo:%d h&4e "he igni"er or s>:i) in
i".
8:rren" wo:%d f%ow )e"ween "he con"&c"s "o "he igni"er or s>:i)! he&"ing
"he
igni"er or s>:i) &nd c&:sing i" "o e;1%ode. M&ke s:re "h&" "he &%:#in:#
foi%
con"&c"s do no" "o:ch "he s1ring! since "he s1ring &%so cond:c"s
e%ec"rici"y.
Q I552ST$ATIONS AVAI5AB56 ON5< IN 8OMM6$I8IA% 7$INT6D $656AS6 R
$&dio 8on"ro% De"on&"ors
In "he #o4ies! e4ery &ss&ssin &nd cri#in&% :ses & r&dio con"ro%%ed
de"on&"or "o se" off e;1%osi4es. =i"h & good r&dio de"on&"or! one c&n
)e
se4er&% #i%es &w&y fro# "he de4ice! &nd s"i%% con"ro% e;&c"%y when i"
e;1%odes! in #:ch "he s&#e w&y &s &n e%ec"ric&% swi"ch. The 1ro)%e#
wi"h
r&dio de"on&"ors is "h&" "hey &re r&"her cos"%y. 3owe4er! "here co:%d
1ossi)%y )e & re&son "h&" one wo:%d )e wi%%ing "o s1end "he &#o:n"s of
#oney
in4o%4ed wi"h & r&dio con"ro% sys"e# &nd :se i" &s & de"on&"or. If s:ch
&n
indi4id:&% w&n"ed "o de4ise &n r&dio con"ro%%ed de"on&"or! &%% he wo:%d
need
"o do is 4isi" "he %oc&% ho))y s"ore or "oy s"ore! &nd ):y & r&dio
con"ro%%ed "oy. T&king i" )&ck "o his?her &)ode! &%% "h&" he?she wo:%d
h&4e
"o do is de"&ch "he so%enoid?#o"or "h&" con"ro%s "he #o"ion of "he fron"
whee%s of & c&r! or de"&ch "he so%enoid?#o"or of "he e%e4&"ors?r:dder of
&
r&dio con"ro%%ed &ir1%&ne! or "he r:dder of & )o&"! &nd re9connec" "he
s>:i)
or rocke" engine igni"er "o "he con"&c"s for "he so%enoid?#o"or. The
de4ice
sho:%d )e "es"ed se4er&% "i#es wi"h s>:i)s or igni"ers! &nd f:%%y
ch&rged
)&""eries sho:%d )e in )o"h he con"ro%%er &nd "he recei4er ("he 1&r"
"h&"
:sed "o #o4e 1&r"s )efore "he de4ice )ec&#e & de"on&"or).
One in"eres"ing 4&ri&"ion on "his #e"hod is "o &d&1" & #:nd&ne
de4ice
"o ser4e &s & re#o"e de"on&"or. $&dio 1&gers &re ide&% for "his 1:r1ose.
A%1h&9n:#eric dis1%&y 1&gers c&n )e ren"ed for &ro:nd LC, 1er #on"h! &nd
"he
dis1%&y c&n e&si%y )e wired "o & de"on&"ion de4ice. The 1&ger n:#)er c&n
)e
c&%%ed fro# &nywhere in "he wor%d! &nd when "he &11ro1ri&"e #ess&ge is
en"ered "he de4ice is "riggered. Si#i%&r%y! & ce%%:%&r "e%e1hone co:%d
)e
&d&1"ed "o res1ond in "he s&#e #&nner.
De%&ys
A de%&y is & de4ice which c&:ses "i#e "o 1&ss fro# when & de4ice is
se" :1 "o "he "i#e "h&" i" e;1%odes. A reg:%&r f:se is & de%&y! ):" i"
wo:%d cos" >:i"e & )i" "o h&4e & C+ ho:r de%&y wi"h & f:se. This
sec"ion
de&%s wi"h "he differen" "y1es of de%&ys "h&" c&n )e e#1%oyed )y &n
&n"isoci&% 1erson who wishes "o )e s:re "h&" his )o#) wi%% go off! ):"
w&n"s
"o )e o:" of "he co:n"ry when i" does.
(:se De%&ys
I" is e;"re#e%y si#1%e "o de%&y e;1%osi4e de4ices "h&" e#1%oy f:ses
for igni"ion. 7erh&1s "he si#1%es" w&y "o do so is wi"h & cig&re""e.
An
&4er&ge cig&re""e ):rns for )e"ween .911 #in:"es. The higher "he "&r
&nd
nico"ine r&"ing! "he s%ower "he cig&re""e ):rns. 5ow "&r &nd nico"ine
cig&re""es ):rn >:icker "h&n "he higher "&r &nd nico"ine cig&re""es! ):"
"hey &re &%so %ess %ike%y "o go o:" if %ef" :n&""ended! i.e. no" s#oked.
De1ending on "he wind or dr&f" in & gi4en 1%&ce! & high "&r cig&re""e is
)e""er for de%&ying "he igni"ion of & f:se! ):" "here #:s" )e eno:gh
wind
or dr&f" "o gi4e "he cig&re""e eno:gh o;ygen "o ):rn. 7eo1%e who :se
cig&re""es for "he 1:r1ose of de%&ying f:ses wi%% of"en "es" "he
cig&re""es
"h&" "hey 1%&n "o :se in &d4&nce "o #&ke s:re "hey s"&y %i" &nd "o see
how
%ong i" wi%% ):rn. Once "he ):rning r&"e of & )r&nd of cig&re""e is
de"er#ined! i" is & si#1%e #&""er of c&ref:%%y 1:""ing & ho%e &%% "he
w&y
"hro:gh & cig&re""e wi"h & "oo"h1ick &" "he 1oin" desired! &nd 1:shing
"he
f:se for & de4ice in "he ho%e for#ed.
I#1ro4ed 8ig&re""e De%&y
A 4&ri&"ion on "he s"&nd&rd cig&re""e dis1%&y w&s in4en"ed )y #y
good
friend John A. (T36 7yro#&ni&c). $&"her "h&n inser"ing "he f:se in"o "he
SID6 of "he cig&re""e (&nd risk s1%i""ing i") h&%f of "he fi%"er is c:"
off!
&nd & s#&%% ho%e is 1:nched T3$O2/3 "he re#&inder of "he fi%"er &nd in"o
"he
"o)&cco.
The f:se is inser"ed &s f&r &s 1ossi)%e in"o "his ho%e! "hen "&1ed
or
g%:ed in 1%&ce! or "he cig&re""e c&n )e c:" &nd 1:nched &he&d of "i#e
&nd
%i" &s if yo: in"ended "o s#oke i"! "hen &""&ched "o "he f:se &" "he
scene.
T&king & few 1:ffs c&n he%1 1re4en" "he cig&re""e fro# going o:"! &s
we%%
&s i#1ro4ing yo:r ch&nces of dying fro# %:ng c&ncer.
A si#i%&r "y1e of de4ice c&n )e #&ke fro# 1owdered ch&rco&% &nd &
shee" of 1&1er. Si#1%y ro%% "he shee" of 1&1er in"o & "hin ":)e! &nd
fi%%
i" wi"h 1owdered ch&rco&%. 7:nch & ho%e in i" &" "he desired %oc&"ion!
&nd
inser" & f:se. Bo"h ends #:s" )e g%:ed c%osed! &nd one end of "he de%&y
#:s"
)e do:sed wi"h %igh"er f%:id )efore i" is %i". Or! & s#&%% ch&rge of
g:n1owder #i;ed wi"h 1owdered ch&rco&% co:%d concei4&)%y :sed for
igni"ing
s:ch & de%&y. A ch&in of ch&rco&% )ri>:e""es c&n )e :sed &s & de%&y )y
#ere%y %ining :1 & few )ricks of ch&rco&% so "h&" "hey "o:ch e&ch o"her!
end
on end! &nd %igh"ing "he firs" )rick. Incense! which c&n )e 1:rch&sed &"
&%#os" &ny no4e%"y or 1&r"y s:11%y s"ore! c&n &%so )e :sed &s & f&ir%y
re%i&)%e de%&y. By wr&11ing "he f:se &)o:" "he end of &n incense s"ick!
de%&ys of :1 "o &n ho:r &re 1ossi)%e.
$&ndo# 6%ec"ronic De%&y
An in"eres"ing de%&y #ech&nis# "h&" 1ro4ides &n r&ndo# de%&y c&n )e
1rod:ced fro# "he fo%%owing i"e#s
$e%&y (C) *V )&""eries =ire
So%dering Iron(C) *V )&""ery connec"ors(C) S7ST swi"ches
1) So%der C wires "o "he re%&y. The firs" wire sho:%d )e so%dered
"o
one side of "he coi% (or "he &11ro1ri&"e con"&c") &nd "he o"her wire
sho:%d
)e so%dered "o "he cen"er con"&c" of "he r&%&y swi"ch.
C) So%der & S7ST swi"ch "o e&ch of "he wires! &nd so%der "he red
wire
fro# e&ch of "he *V )&""ery connec"ors "o "he o"her 1o%e of e&ch swi"ch.
-) So%der "he o"her wire fro# "he *V connec"or "h&" is &""&ched "o
"he
swi"ch for "he re%&y coi% "o "he o"her side of "he re%&y coi%.
+) so%der "he o"her wire fro# "he second *V connec"or "o one wire
fro#
&n e%ec"ric s>:i) or de"on&"or. The o"her wire fro# "he s>:i) is
so%dered
"o "he nor#&%%y c%osed con"&c" of "he re%&y.
5) M&king s:re "h&" )o"h swi"ches &re o1en! &""&ch )o"h )&""eries
"o
"heir res1ec"i4e connec"or.
=hen yo:Hre re&dy "o :se "he de4ice! c%ose "he firs" swi"ch ("he
one
"h&" energiBes "he re%&yHs coi%). M&ke s:re "h&" yo: he&r & 85I8KA The
c%ick
signifies "h&" i" is s&fe "o "hrow "he second swi"ch.
The s>:i) wi%% )%ow when "he *V )&""ery "h&" is 1owering "he
re%&yHs
coi%s r:ns o:" of 1ower! or if "he firs" swi"ch ("he one 1owering "he
re%&y)
is "hrown )efore "he second swi"ch.
Q I552ST$ATIONS AVAI5AB56 ON5< IN 8OMM6$I8IA% 7$INT6D $656AS6 R
Ti#er De%&ys
Ti#er de%&ys! or G"i#e )o#)sG &re :s:&%%y e#1%oyed )y &n indi4id:&%
who wishes "o 1rese" "he e;&c" #o#en" of de"on&"ion. There &re se4er&%
w&ys
"o ):i%d & "i#er de%&y. By si#1%y :sing & screw &s one con"&c" &" "he
"i#e
"h&" de"on&"ion is desired! &nd :sing "he ho:r h&nd of & c%ock &s "he
o"her
con"&c"! & si#1%e "i#er c&n )e #&de. The #in:"e h&nd of & c%ock sho:%d
)e
re#o4ed! :n%ess & de%&y of %ess "h&n &n ho:r is desired. One 1ro)%e#
wi"h
"his #e"hod is "h&" #&ny new &%&r# c%ocks do no" h&4e s:fficen" "or>:e
"o
#&ke & good con"&c" )e"ween "he ho:r h&nd &nd "he screw or #e"&% 1in.
A%so!
#&ny c%ocks h&4e 1%s"ic h&nds! or "he #e"&% h&nds #&y )e co&"ed wi"h &n
ins:%&"ing s:)s"&nce. Any "i#er #&de in "his #&nner sho:%d )e "es"ed
se4er&%
"i#es "o ens:re "h&" "he circ:i" c%oses consis"en"%y.
The #&in dis&d4&n"&ge wi"h "his "y1e of "i#er is "h&" i" c&n on%y
)e
se" for & #&;i#:# "i#e of 1C ho:rs. If &n e%ec"ronic "i#er is :sed!
s:ch
&s "h&" in &n e%ec"ronic c%ock! "hen de%&ys of :1 "o C+ ho:rs &re
1ossi)%e.
(irs" "he s1e&ker sho:%d )e re#o4ed &nd & #e"er &""&ched "o "he wires!
"o
check if "here is &ny c:rren" f%owing when "he &%&r# is no" &c"i4e. <o:
sho:%d &%so check "o see how #:ch c:rren" is 1ro4ided when "he &%&r#
goes
off.The wires sho:%d )e &""&ched "o & s#&%% swi"ch! &nd "hen "o & s>:i)
or
igni"er. In "his #&nner & "i#er wi"h & de%&y of o4er C- ho:rs c&n )e
#&de.
A%% "h&" one h&s "o do is se" "he &%&r# "i#e of "he c%ock "o "he desired
"i#e! connec" "he %e&ds! &nd %e&4e "he &re&. This co:%d &%so )e done
wi"h
&n e%ec"ronic w&"ch! if & %&rger )&""ery were :sed! &nd "he c:rren" "o
"he
s1e&ker of "he w&"ch w&s s"e11ed :1 4i& & "r&nsfor#er. This co:%d )e
4ery
effec"i4e! since s:ch & "i#er co:%d )e e;"re#e%y s#&%%.
There &re & few d&ngers inheren" in "his #e"hod of #&king "i#ers.
S4er&% 1eo1%e h&4e )%own "he#se%4es :1 )y no" "&king in"o &cco:n" so#e
of
"he f&c"ors. So#e c%ocks wi%% &c"i4&"e "he s1e&ker when "he "i#e is se"!
or
when "he 1ower is ":rned on or off.
The "i#er in & V8$ (Video 8&sse""e $ecorder) is ide&%. V8$Hs c&n
:s:&%%y )e se" for "i#es of :1 "o & week. The %e&ds fro# "he "i#er "o
"he
recording e>:i1#en" wo:%d )e "he ones "h&" &n igni"er or s>:i) wo:%d )e
connec"ed "o. A%so! one c&n ):y "i#ers fro# e%ec"ronics s"ores "h&"
wo:%d
)e work we%%. (in&%%y! one co:%d e#1%oy & digi"&% w&"ch! &nd :se &
re%&y!
or e%ec"ro9#&gne"ic swi"ch "o fire "he igni"er! &nd "he c:rren" of "he
w&"ch
wo:%d no" h&4e "o )e s"e11ed :1.
8he#ic&% De%&ys
8he#ic&% de%&ys &re :nco##on! ):" "hey c&n )e e;"re#e%y effec"i4e
in
so#e c&ses. These were of"en :sed in "he )o#)s "he /er#&ns dro11ed on
6ng%&nd. The de%&y wo:%d ens:re "h&" & )o#) wo:%d de"on&"e ho:rs or e4en
d&ys &f"er "he ini"i&% )o#)ing r&id! "here)y incre&sing "he "errifying
effec" on "he Bri"ish ci"iBenry.
If & g%&ss con"&iner is fi%%ed wi"h concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid! &nd
c&11ed wi"h se4er&% "hicknesses of &%:#in:# foi%! or & c&1 "h&" i" wi%%
e&"
"hro:gh! "hen i" c&n )e :sed &s & de%&y. S:%f:ric &cid wi%% re&c" wi"h
&%:#in:# foi% "o 1rod:ce &%:#in:# s:%f&"e &nd hydrogen g&s! &nd so "he
con"&iner #:s" )e o1en "o "he &ir on one end so "h&" "he 1ress:re of "he
hydrogen g&s "h&" is for#ing does no" )re&k "he con"&iner.
The &%:#in:# foi% is 1%&ced o4er "he )o""o# of "he con"&iner &nd
sec:red "here wi"h "&1e. =hen "he &cid e&"s "hro:gh "he &%:#in:# foi%!
i"
c&n )e :sed "o igni"e &n e;1%osi4e de4ice in se4er&% w&ys.
S:%f:ric &cid is & good cond:c"or of e%ec"rici"y. If "he &cid "h&"
e&"s "hro:gh "he foi% is co%%ec"ed in & g%&ss con"&iner 1%&ced
:nderne&"h
"he foi%! &nd "wo wires &re 1%&ced in "he g%&ss con"&iner! & c:rren"
wi%%
)e &)%e "o f%ow "hro:gh "he &cid when )o"h of "he wires &re i##ersed in
"he
&cid. The &cid wi%% &%so re&c" wi"h 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e or 1o"&ssi:#
1er#&ng&n&"e! see )e%ow.
S1on"&neo:s 8o#):s"ion
So#e of "he ingredien"s for "hese c&n on%y )e h&d fro# & che#ic&%
s:11%y whi%e o"hers c&n )e o)"&ined wi"h & %i""%e effor".
Sc&""er o:" &11ro;. 5 g of chro#ic &nhydride. &dd C dro1s of e"hy%
&%coho%. I" wi%% ):rs" in"o f%&#e i##edi&"e%y.
Me&s:re )y weigh"! fo:r 1&r"s &##oni:# ch%oride! one 1&r" &##oni:#
ni"r&"e! fo:r 1&r"s 1owered Binc. M&ke s:re "h&" &%% "he 1owders &re
4ery
dry! &nd #i; in & c%e&n dry 4esse%. 7o:r o:" & s#&%% 1i%e of "his &nd
#&ke
& de1ression on "o1. 7:" one or "wo dro1s of w&"er in "he de1ression.
S"&y
we%% )&ck fro# "his.
S1oon o:" & s#&%% 1i%e of 1owdered &%:#in:#. 7%&ce & s#&%% &#o:n"
of
sodi:# 1ero;ide on "o1 of "his. A 4o%:#e "he siBe of & s#&%% 1e& is
&)o:"
righ". One dro1 of w&"er wi%% c&:se "his "o igni"e in & )%inding f%&re.
Me&s:re )y 4o%:#e - 1&r"s concen"r&"ed s:%f:ric &cid wi"h C 1&r"s
concen"r&"ed ni"ric &cid. Mi; "he "wo &cids in & %&rge 1yre; )e&ker.
3o%d
& dro11er of ":r1en"ine &)o:" C fee" &)o4e "he #i;":re. =hen dro1s
s"rike
"he &cid "hey wi%% ):rs" in"o f%&#e.
S:%f:ric &cid re&c"s 4ery 4io%en"%y wi"h 1o"&ssi:# ch%or&"e &nd
1o"&ssi:# 1er#&ng&n&"e. If & few dro1s of s:%f:ric &cid &re &dded "o &
1i%e
of ei"her of "hese o;idiBers! "he 1i%e wi%% ):rs" in"o f%&#e wi"hin
seconds.
Mos" of "he &)o4e #i;":res c&n h&4e o"her che#ic&%s &dded "o "he#
(o;idiBers! 1owdered #e"&%s) &nd c&n )e 1%&ced on "he "o1 of & 1i%e of &
f%&##&)%e s:)s"&nce! or :sed "o s"&r" & f:se.
6D75OSIV6 8ASIN/S
This sec"ion wi%% co4er e4ery"hing fro# #&king & si#1%e firecr&cker
"o & co#1%ic&"ed sche#e for de"on&"ing &n insensi"i4e high e;1%osi4e!
)o"h
of which &re #e"hods "h&" co:%d )e :"i%iBed )y 1ro"ec"ors of "he righ"s
of
"he co##on #&n.
7&1er 8on"&iners
7&1er w&s "he firs" con"&iner e4er :sed for e;1%osi4es! since i"
w&s
firs" :sed )y "he 8hinese "o #&ke fireworks. 7&1er con"&iners &re
:s:&%%y
4ery si#1%e "o #&ke! &nd &re cer"&in%y "he che&1es". There &re #&ny
1ossi)%e
:ses for 1&1er in con"&ining e;1%osi4es! &nd "he "wo #os" o)4io:s &re in
firecr&ckers &nd rocke" engines. Si#1%y )y ro%%ing :1 & %ong shee" of
1&1er!
&nd g%:ing i" "oge"her! one c&n #&ke & si#1%e rocke" engine. 7erh&1s &
#ore
in"eres"ing &nd d&ngero:s :se is in "he firecr&cker. The firecr&cker
shown
here is one of Me;ic&n design. I" is c&%%ed & G1o%:#n&G! #e&ning Gdo4eG.
The
1rocess of "heir #&n:f&c":re is no" :n%ike "h&" of #&king & 1&1er
foo")&%%.
If one "&kes & shee" of 1&1er &)o:" 1' inches in %eng"h )y 1.5 inches
wide!
&nd fo%ds one corner in"o & "ri&ng%e which %ines :1 on "he "o1 of "he
shee"!
"hen fo%ds "h&" end of "he 1&1er o4er in &no"her "ri&ng%e! & 1ocke" is
for#ed. This 1ocke" c&n )e fi%%ed wi"h )%&ck 1owder! 1yrode;! f%&sh
1owder!
g:n1owder! or &ny of "he >:ick9):rning f:e%9o;idiBer #i;":res "h&" occ:r
in
"he for# of & fine 1owder. A f:se is "hen inser"ed! &nd one con"in:es
"he
"ri&ng:%&r fo%ds! )eing c&ref:% no" "o s1i%% o:" &ny of "he e;1%osi4e.
=hen
SSSSSS 6ND O( 7A$T C O( - SSSSSS Send #&i% "o dr0ri1co.co# for & f:%%
co1y
SSSSSS STA$T O( 7A$T - O( - SSSSSS The Big Book Of Mischief 1.5
"he 1o%:#n& is finished! i" sho:%d )e "&1ed "oge"her 4ery "igh"%y! since
"his wi%% incre&se "he s"reng"h of "he con"&iner! &nd 1rod:ce & %o:der
&nd
#ore 1owerf:% e;1%osion when i" is %i". The finished 1o%:#n& sho:%d
%ook
%ike & "hin "ri&ng%e of 1&1er! %ess "h&n T inch "hick.
Me"&% 8on"&iners
The c%&ssic 1i1e )o#) is "he )es" known e;&#1%e of & #e"&%9
con"&ined
e;1%osi4e. 5ess for":n&"e 1yro"echnici&ns "&ke whi"e "i11ed #&"ches &nd
c:"
off "he he&ds. They 1o:nd one end of & 1i1e c%osed wi"h & h&##er! 1o:r
in
"he whi"e "i11ed #&"ches! &nd "hen 1o:nd "he o"her end c%osed. This
1rocess
of"en ki%%s "he foo%! since when he 1o:nds "he 1i1e c%osed! he co:%d
4ery
e&si%y c&:se eno:gh fric"ion )e"ween "he #&"ch he&ds "o c&:se "he# "o
igni"e
&nd e;1%ode "he :nfinished )o#). By :sing 1i1e c&1s! "he 1rocess is
so#ewh&" s&fer! &nd &ny 1erson who desires "o re"&in of "heir %i#)s
wo:%d
ne4er :se whi"e "i11ed #&"ches in & )o#). $eg:%&r #&"ches #&y s"i%% )e
igni"ed )y fric"ion! ):" i" is f&r %ess %ike%y "h&n wi"h Gs"rike9
&nywhereG
#&"ches.
(irs"! one needs "o o)"&in & %eng"h of w&"er 1i1e &nd "wo c&1s. (or
o)4io:s re&sons! i" is )es" no" "o ):y &%% "hree i"e#s fro# "he s&#e
s"ore.
The 1i1e sho:%d no" )e #ore "h&n si; "i#es &s %ong &s i"s di&#e"er.
Ne;"! "he 1i1es &nd c&1s &re c%e&ned wi"h r:))ing &%coho%! &nd
r:))er
g%o4es &re 1:" on. The 1i1e is &%%owed "o dry! &nd ne4er h&nd%ed wi"h
)&re
h&nds. If "he o:"side of & g%o4e i" "o:ched! &nd "hen "he 1i1e is
h&nd%ed
wi"h "h&" g%o4e! i" is 1ossi)%e "o "r&nsfer & finger1rin" on"o "he 1i1e.
A ho%e is dri%%ed one 1i1e c&1! &nd & f:se is 1%&ced "hro:gh "he
ho%e.
If & )i" of "iss:e 1&1er is 1&cked &ro:nd "he f:se on "he inside of "he
c&1! "he f:se wi%% no" co#e o:" d:ring h&nd%ing! &nd 1owder wi%% )e
:n&)%e
"o esc&1e if "he 1i1e is in4er"ed. The f:se wo:%d e;"end &" %e&s" &n
inch
inside "he 1i1e. There &re se4er&% 1ossi)%e 4&ri&"ions in f:sing 1i1es.
One )o#)er in New <ork 8i"y :sed - inch di&#e"er 1i1es! e&ch & foo"
%ong. 3e wo:%d so%der & si; inch 1iece of co11er ":)ing "o "he inside of
"he
1i1e c&1! &nd e;"end "he f:se down "his ":)e. The end of "he f:se w&s
"ied
in"o & kno"! @:s" )ig eno:gh "o )%ock "he co11er 1i1e so 1owder wo:%d
no"
en"er. This &dded so#e de%&y once "he f:se ):rned down in"o "he 1i1e!
&nd
i" &%so c&:sed "he 1owder "o s"&r" ):rning fro# "he cen"er o:"w&rd!
cre&"ing
& #ore :nifor# )%&s" effec".
One f&#o:s 1i1e )o#)er :sed %&rge di&#e"er 1i1es wi"h fo:r ho%es
dri%%ed in"o e&ch of "he end c&1s. 6&ch ho%e h&d & %eng"h of "hre&ded
s"ee%
rod r:n "hro:gh i"! &nd e;"ending &)o:" T inch fro# )o"h end c&1s. These
rods were he%d in 1%&ce )y he&4y n:"s on )o"h ends of &%% fo:r rods. The
in"en"ion of "his w&s "o he%1 "he 1i1e s"&y in"&c" :n"i% &%% "he 1owder
h&d
):rned! "o incre&se "he effec"i4e 1ower of "he )o#).
Once "he f:sed end c&1 is 1re1&red! "he c&1 wo:%d )e screwed on
"igh"%y. To he%1 sec:re i"! & dro1 of 5oc"i"eM co:%d )e &dded "o "he
"hre&ds. The 1i1e co:%d now )e fi%%ed wi"h &ny f&s" ):rning 1owder.
7&cking
"he 1owder down is 4ery d&ngero:s! &nd does no" incre&se "he force of
"he
e;1%osion. I" wi%% incre&se "he &#o:n" of s#oke &nd f%&#es 1rod:ced )y
"he
)o#).
The 1i1e is :s:&%%y fi%%ed "o wi"hin &n inch of "he end! &nd &
%&rge
w&d of "iss:e 1&1er ( M&ny )r&nds of "iss:e 1&1er! inc%:ding K%eene;M!
&re
#ois":riBed &nd sho:%d no" )e :sed) is 1&cked in"o "he 1i1e "o kee1 &ny
1owder fro# ge""ing on"o "he "hre&ds.
(in&%%y! "he o"her 1i1e c&1 wo:%d )e screwed in 1%&ce. If "he
"iss:e
1&1er is no" :sed! so#e of "he 1owder co:%d )e c&:gh" in "he "hre&ds of
"he
1i1e or 1i1e c&1. This 1owder wo:%d )e cr:shed! &nd "he fric"ion c&n
igni"e
"he 1owder! which co:%d )e 4ery de"ri#en"&% "o "he he&%"h of "he
):i%der.
NOT6 The #e"&% c&1s &re 4ery diffic:%" "o dri%% ho%es in! i" is #:ch
e&sier
"o dri%% & ho%e in"o "he #idd%e of "he 1i1e ()efore i" is fi%%edA) &nd
"hre&d "he f:se "hro:gh "his o1ening.
M&ny 1eo1%e h&4e h&d gre&" s:ccess wi"h "his design. According "o
&n
o%d ger#&n )y "he n&#e of 5ione%. Af"er de"on&"ing one of "hese inside &
cookie "in! fo:nd "he %id &)o:" 1?C )%ock &w&y! "he sides of "he "in
)%own
o:"! &nd &n i#1ression of "he 1i1e! (which w&s %&"er fo:nd )%own f%&")
"hre&ds &nd &%% on "he )o""o# of "he "in... i" see#s "h&" "he we%ded
se&#
gi4es o:" on #os" #odern ro%%ed 1i1es! howe4er & c&s" 1i1e (no se&#)
wo:%d
1rod:ce #ore shr&1ne% (which #&y or #&y no" )e desir&)%e).
This is one 1ossi)%e design. If! howe4er! one does no" h&4e &ccess
"o
"hre&ded 1i1e wi"h end c&1s! yo: co:%d &%w&ys :se & 1iece of co11er or
&%:#in:# 1i1e! since i" is e&si%y )en" in"o & s:i"&)%e config:r&"ion. A
#&@or 1ro)%e# wi"h co11er 1i1ing! howe4er! is )ending &nd fo%ding i"
wi"ho:"
"e&ring i"K if "oo #:ch force is :sed when fo%ding &nd )ending co11er
1i1e!
i" wi%% s1%i" &%ong "he fo%d. The s&fes" #e"hod for #&king & 1i1e )o#)
o:"
of co11er or &%:#in:# 1i1e is si#i%&r "o "he #e"hod wi"h 1i1e &nd end
c&1s.
7i1e Bo#)s (ro# Sof" Me"&% 7i1es
(irs"! one f%&""ens one end of & co11er or &%:#in:# 1i1e c&ref:%%y!
#&king s:re no" "o "e&r or ri1 "he 1i1ing. Then! "he f%&" end of "he
1i1e
sho:%d )e fo%ded o4er &" %e&s" once! c&ref:%%y so &s no" "o ri1 "he
1i1e.
A f:se ho%e sho:%d )e dri%%ed in "he 1i1e ne&r "he now c%osed end! &nd
"he
f:se sho:%d )e inser"ed.
Ne;"! "he )o#)9):i%der wo:%d 1&r"i&%%y fi%% "he c&sing wi"h & %ow
order e;1%osi4e! &nd 1&ck "he re#&ining s1&ce wi"h & %&rge w&d of "iss:e
1&1er. 3e wo:%d "hen f%&""en &nd fo%d "he o"her end of "he 1i1e wi"h &
1&ir
of 1%iers. If he w&s no" "oo d:#)! he wo:%d do "his s%ow%y! since "he
1rocess of fo%ding &nd )ending #e"&% gi4es off he&"! which co:%d se" off
"he
e;1%osi4e.
8&r)on Dio;ide G7e%%e" /:nG or Se%"Ber c&r"ridges.
A 8OC c&r"ridge fro# & B.B g:n is &no"her e;ce%%en" con"&iner for &
%ow9 order e;1%osi4e. I" h&s one #inor dis&d4&n"&ge i" is "i#e
cons:#ing
"o fi%%. B:" "his c&n )e rec"ified )y widening "he o1ening of "he
c&r"ridge
wi"h & 1oin"ed "oo%. Then! &%% "h&" wo:%d h&4e "o )e done is "o fi%%
"he
8OC c&r"ridge wi"h &ny %ow9order e;1%osi4e! or &ny of "he f&s" ):rning
f:e%9
o;idiBer #i;":res! &nd inser" & f:se. These de4ices &re co##on%y c&%%ed
Gcr&"er #&kersG.
A c&r"ridge is e&sies" "o fi%% if yo: "&ke & 1iece of 1&1er &nd
"&1e
i" &ro:nd "he o1ening "o for# & sor" of f:nne%. A new!f:%% c&r"ridge
#:s"
)e e#1"ied )efore i" c&n )e :sed. Once "he g&s is re%e&sed! so#e
condens&"ion #&y for# on "he inside. 2se & 1:nch or sh&r1 1hi%%i1s (O)
screwdri4er "o en%&rge "he 1in9ho%e o1ening on & :sed c&r"ridge. <o: c&n
1%&ce "he e#1"y c&r"ridge in & w&r# o4en "o dri4e o:" &ny #ois":re.I"
#&y
no" )e necess&ry "o se&% "he ho%e! ):" if yo: #:s" do so! e1o;y &nd
e%ec"ric&% "&1e sho:%d work >:i"e we%%.
These c&r"ridges &%so work we%% &s & con"&iner for & "her#i"e
incendi&ry de4ice! ):" "hey #:s" )e #odified. The o1ening in "he end
#:s"
)e widened! so "h&" "he igni"ion #i;":re! s:ch &s 1owdered #&gnesi:#!
does
no" e;1%ode. The f:se wi%% igni"e "he 1owdered #&gnesi:#! which! in
":rn!
wo:%d igni"e "he "her#i"e. The ):rning "her#i"e wi%% #e%" "he con"&iner
&nd
re%e&se %i>:id iron.
7ri#ed 6;1%osi4e 8&sings
The 1re4io:s%y #en"ioned designs for e;1%osi4e de4ices &re fine for
%ow order e;1%osi4es! ):" &re :ns:i"&)%e for high order e;1%osi4es!
since
"he %&""er re>:ires & shockw&4e "o )e de"on&"ed. A design e#1%oying &
s#&%%er %ow order e;1%osi4e de4ice inside & %&rger de4ice con"&ining &
high
order e;1%osi4e wo:%d 1ro)&)%y )e :sed.
If "he %&rge high e;1%osi4e con"&iner is re%&"i4e%y s#&%%! s:ch &s
&
8OC c&r"ridge! "hen & seg#en" of & ho%%ow r&dio &n"enn& c&n )e #&de in"o
&
de"on&"or &nd fi""ed wi"h & f:se. T3is "iny de"on&"or c&n )e inser"ed
in"o
"he c&r"ridge.
/%&ss 8on"&iners
/%&ss con"&iners c&n )e s:i"&)%e for %ow order e;1%osi4es! ):"
"here
&re 1ro)%e#s wi"h "he#. (irs"! & g%&ss con"&iner c&n )e )roken
re%&"i4e%y
e&si%y co#1&red "o #e"&% or 1%&s"ic con"&iners. Second%y! in "he no"
"oo
:n%ike%y e4en" of &n G&cciden"G! "he 1erson #&king "he de4ice wo:%d
1ro)&)%y
)e serio:s%y in@:red! e4en if "he de4ice w&s s#&%%. A )o#) #&de o:" of
&
s&#1%e 1erf:#e )o""%e9siBed con"&iner e;1%oded in "he h&nds of one )oy!
&nd
he s"i%% h&s 1ieces of g%&ss in his h&nd. 3e is &%so #issing "he fin&%
seg#en" of his ring finger! which w&s c:" off )y & sh&r1 1iece of f%ying
g%&ss.
None"he%ess! g%&ss con"&iners s:ch &s 1erf:#e )o""%es c&n )e :sed
)y
& de#en"ed indi4id:&%! since s:ch & de4ice wo:%d no" )e de"ec"ed )y
#e"&%
de"ec"ors in &n &ir1or" or o"her 1:)%ic 1%&ce. A%% "h&" need )e done is
fi%% "he con"&iner! &nd dri%% & ho%e in "he 1%&s"ic c&1 "h&" "he f:se
fi"s
"igh"%y in! &nd screw "he c&19f:se &sse#)%y on.
5&rge e;1%osi4e de4ices #&de fro# g%&ss con"&iners &re no"
1r&c"ic&%!
since g%&ss is no" &n e;ce1"ion&%%y s"rong con"&iner. M:ch of "he
e;1%osi4e
"h&" is :sed "o fi%% "he con"&iner is w&s"ed if "he con"&iner is #:ch
%&rger
"h&n & 1' oB. sod& )o""%e. A%so! g%&ss con"&iners &re :s:&%%y
:ns:i"&)%e
for high e;1%osi4e de4ices! since & g%&ss con"&iner wo:%d 1ro)&)%y no"
wi"hs"&nd "he e;1%osion of "he ini"i&"orK i" wo:%d sh&""er )efore "he
high
e;1%osi4e w&s &)%e "o de"on&"e.
7%&s"ic 8on"&iners
7%&s"ic con"&iners &re 1erh&1s "he )es" con"&iners for e;1%osi4es!
since "hey c&n )e &ny siBe or sh&1e! &nd &re no" fr&gi%e %ike g%&ss.
7%&s"ic 1i1ing c&n )e )o:gh" &" h&rdw&re or 1%:#)ing s"ores! &nd &
de4ice
#:ch %ike "he ones :sed for #e"&% con"&iners c&n )e #&de. The high9order
4ersion works we%% wi"h 1%&s"ic 1i1ing. If "he en"ire de4ice is #&de o:"
of
1%&s"ic! i" is no" de"ec"&)%e )y #e"&% de"ec"ors. 7%&s"ic con"&iners c&n
:s:&%%y )e sh&1ed )y he&"ing "he con"&iner! &nd )ending i" &" "he
&11ro1ri&"e 1%&ce. They c&n )e g%:ed c%osed wi"h e1o;y or o"her ce#en"
for
1%&s"ics. 61o;y &%one c&n )e :sed &s &n end c&1! if & w&d of "iss:e
1&1er
is 1%&ced in "he 1i1ing. 61o;y wi"h & drying &gen" works )es" in "his
"y1e
of de4ice.
One end #:s" )e #&de firs"! &nd )e &%%owed "o dry co#1%e"e%y )efore
"he de4ice c&n )e fi%%ed wi"h 1owder &nd f:sed. Then! wi"h &no"her
1iece
of "iss:e 1&1er! 1&ck "he 1owder "igh"%y! &nd co4er i" wi"h 1%en"y of
e1o;y.
7V8 1i1e works we%% for "his "y1e of de4ice! ):" i" c&nno" )e :sed if
"he
1i1e h&d &n inside di&#e"er gre&"er "h&n -?+ of &n inch. O"her 1%&s"ic
1:""ies c&n )e :sed in "his "y1e of de4ice! ):" e1o;y wi"h & drying
&gen"
works )es".
In #y e;1erience! e1o;y 1%:gs work we%%! ):" e1o;y is so#ewh&"
e;1ensi4e. One &%"ern&"i4e is &:"o )ody fi%%er! & grey 1&s"e which! when
#i;ed wi"h h&rdener! for#s in"o & rock9%ike #&ss which is s"ronger "h&n
#os"
e1o;y. The on%y dr&w)&ck is "he )ody fi%%er gener&"es >:i"e & )i" of
he&"
&s i" h&rdens! which #igh" )e eno:gh "o se" of & o4er%y sensi"i4e
e;1%osi4e.
One )enefi" of )ody fi%%er is "h&" i" wi%% ho%d i"Hs sh&1e >:i"e we%%!
&nd
is ide&% for for#ing rocke" noBB%es &nd en"ire )o#) c&sings.
(i%# 8&nis"ers
(or & re%&"i4e%y %ow shr&1ne% e;1%osion! yo: co:%d "ry 1o:ring i"
in"o &n
e#1"y -5## fi%# c&nis"er. 7oke & ho%e in "he 1%&s"ic %id for & f:se.
These
goodies #&ke &n e;1%osion "h&" is e&si%y &:di)%e & #i%e &w&y! ):"
cre&"es
&%#os" no shr&1ne%. One & d&y wi"h no wind! &dding e;"r& f:e% (%ike
fine ch&rco&%) c&n 1rod:ce "he c%&ssic #:shroo# c%o:d.
There &re se4er&% i#1or"&n" s&fe"y r:%es "o fo%%ow! in &ddi"ion "o
"he
:s:&% r:%es for working wi"h f%&sh 1owder.
1) M&ke & ho%e &nd inser" "he f:se )efore 1:""ing &ny 1owder in"o
"he c&nis"er.
C) DonH" ge" &ny 1owder on "he %i1 of "he c&nis"er.
-) On%y :se & 4ery s#&%% >:&n"i"y "o s"&r" wi"h! &nd work yo:r w&y
:1 "o "he desired
effec".
+) Do no" 1&ck "he 1owder! i" works )es" %oose &nd firc"ion c&n
c&:se igni"ion.
5) 2se & %ong f:se! "hese &re 4ery d&ngero:s c%ose :1.
Book Bo#)s
One &11ro&ch "o disg:ising & )o#) is "o ):i%d wh&" is c&%%ed & )ook
)o#)K &n e;1%osi4e de4ice "h&" is en"ire%y con"&ined inside of & )ook.
2s:&%%y! & re%&"i4e%y %&rge )ook is re>:ired! &nd "he )ook #:s" )e of
"he
h&rd)&ck 4&rie"y "o hide &ny 1ro"r:sions of & )o#). Dic"ion&ries! %&w
)ooks! %&rge "e;")ooks! &nd o"her s:ch )ooks work we%%. =hen &n
indi4id:&%
#&kes & )ook in"o & )o#)! he?she #:s" choose & "y1e of )ook "h&" is
&11ro1ri&"e for "he 1%&ce where "he )ook )o#) wi%% )e 1%&ced. The
&c":&%
cons"r:c"ion of & )ook )o#) c&n )e done )y &nyone who 1ossesses &n
e%ec"ric
dri%% &nd & co1ing s&w. (irs"! &%% of "he 1&ges of "he )ook #:s" )e
g%:ed
"oge"her. By 1o:ring &n en"ire con"&iner of w&"er9so%:)%e g%:e in"o &
%&rge
):cke"! &nd fi%%ing "he ):cke" wi"h )oi%ing w&"er! & g%:e9w&"er so%:"ion
c&n
)e #&de "h&" wi%% ho%d &%% of "he )ookHs 1&ges "oge"her "igh"%y. Af"er
"he
g%:e9w&"er so%:"ion h&s coo%ed "o & )e&r&)%e "e#1er&":re! &nd "he
so%:"ion
h&s )een s"irred we%%! "he 1&ges of "he )ook #:s" )e i##ersed in "he
g%:e9
w&"er so%:"ion! &nd e&ch 1&ge #:s" )e "horo:gh%y so&ked.
I" is e;"re#e%y i#1or"&n" "h&" "he co4ers of "he )ook do no" ge"
s":ck
"o "he 1&ges of "he )ook whi%e "he 1&ges &re drying. S:s1ending "he
)ook
)y )o"h co4ers &nd c%&#1ing "he 1&ges "oge"her in & 4ise works )es".
=hen
"he 1&ges dry! &f"er &)o:" "hree d&ys "o & week! & ho%e #:s" )e dri%%ed
in"o
"he now rigid 1&ges! &nd "hey sho:%d dri%% o:" #:ch %ike wood. Then! )y
inser"ing "he co1ing s&w )%&de "hro:gh "he 1&ges &nd s&wing o:" &
rec"&ng%e
fro# "he #idd%e of "he )ook! "he indi4id:&% wi%% )e %ef" wi"h & she%% of
"he
)ookHs 1&ges.
The rec"&ng%e #:s" )e sec:re%y g%:ed "o "he )&ck co4er of "he )ook.
Af"er ):i%ding his?her )o#)! which :s:&%%y is of "he "i#er or r&dio
con"ro%%ed 4&rie"y! "he )o#)er 1%&ces i" inside "he )ook. The )o#)
i"se%f!
&nd wh&"e4er "i#er or de"on&"or is :sed! sho:%d )e 1&cked in fo&# "o
1re4en"
i" fro# ro%%ing or shif"ing &)o:". (in&%%y! &f"er "he "i#er is se"! or
"he
r&dio con"ro% h&s )een ":rned on! "he fron" co4er is g%:ed c%osed! &nd
"he
)o#) is "&ken "o i"s des"in&"ion.
ADVAN86D 2S6S (O$ 6D75OSIV6S
The "echni>:es 1resen"ed here &re "hose "h&" co:%d )e :sed )y &
1erson
who h&d so#e degree of know%edge of "he :se of e;1%osi4es. Ad4&nced :ses
for
e;1%osi4es :s:&%%y in4o%4ed sh&1ed ch&rges! or :"i%iBe & #ini#:# &#o:n"
of
e;1%osi4e "o do & #&;i#:# &#o:n" of d&#&ge. They &%#os" &%w&ys in4o%4e
high9 order e;1%osi4es.
Sh&1ed 8h&rges
A sh&1ed ch&rge is &n e;1%osi4e de4ice "h&"! :1on de"on&"ion!
direc"s
"he e;1%osi4e force of de"on&"ion &" & s#&%% "&rge" &re&. This 1rocess
c&n
)e :sed "o )re&ch "he s"ronges" &r#or! since forces of %i"er&%%y
#i%%ions
of 1o:nds of 1ress:re 1er s>:&re inch c&n )e gener&"ed. Sh&1ed ch&rges
e#1%oy high9order e;1%osi4es! &nd :s:&%%y e%ec"ric igni"ion sys"e#s.
Kee1
in #ind "h&" &%% e;1%osi4es &re d&ngero:s! &nd sho:%d ne4er )e #&de or
:sedAA &%% "he 1roced:res descri)ed in "his )ook &re for infor#&"ion&%
1:r1oses on%y.
If & de4ice s:ch &s "his is screwed "o & s&fe! for e;&#1%e! i"
wo:%d
direc" #os" of "he e;1%osi4e force &" & 1oin" &)o:" 1 inch &w&y fro# "he
o1ening of "he 1i1e. The )&sis for sh&1ed ch&rges is & cone9sh&1ed
o1ening
in "he e;1%osi4e #&"eri&%. This cone sho:%d )e for#ed wi"h & +5, &ng%e.
A
de4ice s:ch &s "his one co:%d &%so )e &""&ched "o & #e"&% s:rf&ce wi"h &
1owerf:% e%ec"ro#&gne".
T:)e 6;1%osi4es
A 4&ri&"ion on sh&1ed ch&rges! ":)e e;1%osi4es c&n )e :sed in w&ys
"h&" sh&1ed ch&rges c&nno". If & 1iece of T inch di&#e"er 1%&s"ic ":)ing
w&s
fi%%ed wi"h & sensi"i4e high e;1%osi4e %ike $.D.D.! &nd 1re1&red &s "he
1%&s"ic e;1%osi4e con"&iner on 1&ge 5-! & differen" sor" of sh&1ed
ch&rge
co:%d )e 1rod:cedK & ch&rge "h&" direc"s e;1%osi4e force in & circ:%&r
#&nner. This "y1e of e;1%osi4e co:%d )e wr&11ed &ro:nd & co%:#n! or &
doorkno)! or & "e%e1hone 1o%e. The e;1%osion wo:%d )e direc"ed in &nd
o:"!
&nd #os" %ike%y des"roy wh&"e4er i" w&s wr&11ed &ro:nd.
=hen "he :ser wishes "o :se & ":)e )o#)! i" #:s" firs" )e wr&11ed
&ro:nd "he o)@ec" "o )e de#o%ished! &f"er which "he ends &re connec"ed
"oge"her. The :ser c&n connec" wires "o "he s>:i) wires! &nd de"on&"e
"he
)o#) wi"h &ny #e"hod of e%ec"ric de"on&"ion.
A"o#iBed 7&r"ic%e 6;1%osions
If & high%y f%&##&)%e s:)s"&nce is &"o#iBed! or! di4ided in"o 4ery
s#&%% 1&r"ic%es! &nd %&rge &#o:n"s of i" is ):rned in & confined &re&!
&n
e;1%osion si#i%&r "o "h&" occ:rring in "he cy%inder of &n &:"o#o)i%e is
1rod:ced. The 4&1oriBed g&so%ine?&ir #i;":re ):rns e;1%osi4e%y! &nd "he
ho"
g&sses e;1&nd r&1id%y! 1:shing "he cy%inder :1. Si#i%&r%y! if & g&%%on
of
g&so%ine w&s &"o#iBed &nd igni"ed in & ):i%ding! i" is 4ery 1ossi)%e
"h&"
"he e;1&nding g&ssed co:%d 1:sh "he w&%%s of "he ):i%ding down. This
1heno#enon is c&%%ed &n &"o#iBed 1&r"ic%e e;1%osion if & so%id is :sed!
or
& f:e%?&ir e;1%osi4e if "he #&"eri&% is & g&s or %i>:id.
If & 1erson c&n effec"i4e%y &"o#iBe & %&rge &#o:n" of & high%y
f%&##&)%e s:)s"&nce &nd igni"e i"! he co:%d )ring down & %&rge ):i%ding!
)ridge! or o"her s"r:c":re. A"o#iBing & %&rge &#o:n" of g&so%ine! for
e;&#1%e! c&n )e e;"re#e%y diffic:%"! :n%ess one h&s "he &id of & high
e;1%osi4e. If & g&%%on @:g of g&so%ine w&s 1%&ced direc"%y o4er & high
e;1%osi4e ch&rge! &nd "he ch&rge w&s de"on&"ed! "he g&so%ine wo:%d
ins"&n"%y
)e &"o#iBed &nd igni"ed.
If "his occ:rred in & ):i%ding! for e;&#1%e! &n &"o#iBed 1&r"ic%e
e;1%osion wo:%d s:re%y occ:r. On%y & s#&%% &#o:n" of high e;1%osi4e
wo:%d
)e necess&ry "o &cco#1%ish "his! E o:nces of T.N.T. or - o:nces of $.D.D
sho:%d )e s:fficien" "o &"o#iBe "he con"en"s of & g&%%on con"&iner.
A%so!
ins"e&d of g&so%ine! 1owdered &%:#in:#! co&% d:s" or e4en f%o:r co:%d )e
:sed for & si#i%&r effec".
I" is necess&ry "h&" & high e;1%osi4e )e :sed "o &"o#iBe &
f%&##&)%e
#&"eri&%! since & %ow9order e;1%osion does no" occ:r >:ick%y eno:gh "o
&"o#iBe &nd wi%% si#1%y igni"e "he f%&##&)%e #&"eri&%.
S768IA5 AMM2NITION (O$ 7$OJ68TI56 =6A7ONS
6;1%osi4e &nd?or 1oisoned &##:ni"ion is &n i#1or"&n" 1&r" of &
soci&%
de4i&n"Hs &rsen&%. S:ch &##:ni"ion gi4es "he :ser & dis"inc" &d4&n"&ge
o4er
indi4id:&% who :se nor#&% &##:ni"ion! since & gr&Bing hi" c&n c&:se
e;"re#e
d&#&ge. S1eci&% &##:ni"ion c&n )e #&de for #&ny "y1es of we&1ons! fro#
cross)ows "o sho"g:ns.
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion (or 7ri#i"i4e =e&1ons
(or "he 1:r1oses of "his 1:)%ic&"ion! we wi%% c&%% &ny we&1on
1ri#i"i4e "h&" does no" e#1%oy ):rning g:n1owder "o 1ro1e% & 1ro@ec"i%e
forw&rd. This #e&ns )%owg:ns! )ows &nd cross)ows! &nd s%ingsho"s.
7ri#i"i4e
we&1ons c&n )e #&de fro# co##on%y &4&i%&)%e #&"eri&%s! &nd & we%% #&de
we&1on wi%% %&s" for ye&rs.
Bow &nd 8ross)ow A##:ni"ion
Bows &nd cross)ows )o"h fire &rrows or )o%"s &s &##:ni"ion. I" is
e;"re#e%y si#1%e "o 1oison &n &rrow or )o%"! ):" i" is & #ore diffic:%"
#&""er "o 1rod:ce e;1%osi4e &rrows or )o%"s. If! howe4er! one c&n
&c>:ire
&%:#in:# 1i1ing "h&" is "he s&#e di&#e"er of &n &rrow or cross)ow )o%"!
"he
en"ire seg#en" of 1i1ing c&n )e con4er"ed in"o &n e;1%osi4e de4ice "h&"
de"on&"es :1on i#1&c"! or wi"h & f:se.
A%% "h&" need )e done is find &n &%:#in:# ":)e of "he righ" %eng"h
&nd
di&#e"er! &nd 1%:g "he )&ck end wi"h "iss:e 1&1er &nd e1o;y. (i%% "he
":)e
wi"h &ny "y1e of %ow9order e;1%osi4e or sensi"i4e high9order e;1%osi4e
:1
"o &)o:" T inch fro# "he "o1.
8:" & s%o" in "he 1iece of ":)ing! &nd c&ref:%%y s>:eeBe "he "o1 of
"he ":)e in"o & ro:nd 1oin"! #&king s:re "o %e&4e & s#&%% ho%e. 7%&ce &
no.
11 1erc:ssion c&1 o4er "he ho%e! &nd sec:re i" wi"h s:1er g%:e or e1o;y.
(in&%%y! wr&1 "he end of "he de4ice wi"h e%ec"ric&% or d:c" "&1e!
&nd
#&ke fins o:" of "&1e. Or! fins c&n )e )o:gh" &" & s1or"ing goods
s"ore!
&nd g%:ed "o "he sh&f".
=hen "he &rrow or )o%" s"rikes & h&rd s:rf&ce! "he 1erc:ssion c&1
e;1%odes! igni"ing or de"on&"ing "he e;1%osi4e.
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion for B%owg:ns
The )%owg:n is &n in"eres"ing we&1on which h&s se4er&% &d4&n"&ges.
A )%owg:n c&n )e e;"re#e%y &cc:r&"e! conce&%&)%e! &nd de%i4er &n
e;1%osi4e
or 1oisoned 1ro@ec"i%e. The #&n:f&c":re of &n e;1%osi4e d&r" or
1ro@ec"i%e
is no" diffic:%".
7erh&1s "he #os" si#1%e design for s:ch in4o%4es "he :se of & 1i%%
c&1s:%e! s:ch &s "he kind "h&" &re "&ken for he&d&ches or &%%ergies.
6#1"y
ge%&"in 1i%% c&1s:%es c&n )e 1:rch&sed fro# #os" he&%"h9food s"ores.
Ne;"!
"he c&1s:%e wo:%d )e fi%%ed wi"h &n i#1&c"9sensi"i4e e;1%osi4e! s:ch &s
#erc:ry f:%#in&"e. An &ddi"ion&% high e;1%osi4e ch&rge co:%d )e 1%&ced
)ehind "he i#1&c" sensi"i4e e;1%osi4e! if one of "he %&rger c&1s:%es
were
:sed.
(in&%%y! "he e;1%osi4e c&1s:%e wo:%d )e reg%:ed )&ck "oge"her! &nd
&
"&sse% or co""on wo:%d )e g%:ed "o "he end con"&ining "he high
e;1%osi4e!
"o ins:re "h&" "he i#1&c"9de"on&"ing e;1%osi4e s"r:ck "he "&rge" firs".
8&re #:s" )e "&ken9 if & 1owerf:% d&r" wen" off in "he )%owg:n! yo:
co:%d e&si%y )%ow "he )&ck of yo:r he&d off.
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion for S%ingsho"s
A #odern s%ingsho" is & for#id&)%e we&1on. I" c&n "hrow & shoo"er
#&r)%e &)o:" 5,, f". wi"h re&son&)%e &cc:r&cy. Inside of C,, f".! i"
co:%d
we%% )e %e"h&% "o & #&n or &ni#&%! if i" s"r:ck in & 4i"&% &re&.
Bec&:se
of "he re%&"i4e%y %&rge siBed 1ro@ec"i%e "h&" c&n )e :sed in &
s%ingsho"!
"he s%ing c&n )e &d&1"ed "o "hrow re%&"i4e%y 1owerf:% e;1%osi4e
1ro@ec"i%es.
A s#&%% seg#en" of &%:#in:# 1i1e co:%d )e #&de in"o &n i#1&c"9
de"on&"ing de4ice )y fi%%ing i" wi"h &n i#1&c" sensi"i4e e;1%osi4e
#&"eri&%.
A%so! s:ch & 1i1e co:%d )e fi%%ed wi"h & %ow order e;1%osi4e! &nd
fi""ed wi"h & f:se! which wo:%d )e %i" )efore "he de4ice w&s sho". One
wo:%d h&4e "o #&ke s:re "h&" "he f:se w&s of s:fficien" %eng"h "o ins:re
"h&" "he de4ice did no" e;1%ode )efore i" re&ched i"s in"ended "&rge".
(in&%%y! .CC c&%i)er c&1s! s:ch &s "he kind "h&" &re :sed in .CC
c&%i)er )%&nk g:ns! #&ke e;ce%%en" e;1%oding &##:ni"ion for s%ingsho"s!
):"
"hey #:s" )e :sed &" & re%&"i4e%y c%ose r&nge! )ec&:se of "heir %igh"
weigh".
One co#1&ny! Bee#&n! #&kes &n e;"re#e%y 1owerf:% s%ingsho" which
c&n
fire shor" &rrows! &s we%% &s "he :s:&% &rr&y of )&%% &##o. These
s%ingsho"s c&n )e :sed wi"h "he #odified cross)ow &##:ni"ion.
Q I552ST$ATIONS A$6 AVAI5AB56 =IT3 T36 8OMM6$I8IA5 7$INT6D $656AS6 R
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion (or (ire&r#s
(ire&r#s were firs" in4en"ed )y "he &ncien" chinese. They soon
re&%iBed "h&" "hese we&1ons! e4en in & 1ri#i"i4e for#! were one of "he
#os"
1o"en" "o o4er"hrow & go4ern#en". The &:"hori"ies enco:r&ged "he
#e"&%workers "o &11%y "heir ski%%s "o %ess soci&%%y "hre&"ening we&1ons!
:1on 1&in of de&"h.
=hen s1eci&% &##:ni"ion is :sed in co#)in&"ion wi"h "he 1ower &nd
r&1idi"y of #odern fire&r#s! i" )eco#es 4ery e&sy "o "&ke on & s#&%%
&r#y
wi"h & sing%e we&1on. I" is 1ossi)%e "o ):y e;1%osi4e &##:ni"ion! ):"
"h&"
c&n )e diffic:%" "o do. S:ch &##:ni"ion c&n &%so )e #&n:f&c":red in "he
ho#e. There is! howe4er! & risk in4o%4ed wi"h #odifying &ny &##:ni"ion.
If "he &##:ni"ion is #odified incorrec"%y! in s:ch & w&y "h&" i" #&kes
"he
):%%e" e4en "he s%igh"es" )i" wider! &n e;1%osion in "he )&rre% of "he
we&1on wi%% occ:r. (or "his re&son! no)ody sho:%d e4er &""e#1" "o
#&n:f&c":re s:ch &##:ni"ion.
7i1e /:ns (Bi1 g:ns)
8o##on%y known &s GBi1G g:ns! g:ns #&de fro# 1i1e h&4e )een :sed
for
ye&rs )y @:4eni%e 1:nks. Tod&yHs #i%i"&n"s #&ke "he# @:s" for "he he%%
of
i" or "o shoo" once in &n &ss&ssin&"ion or rio" &nd "hrow &w&y if "here
is
&ny d&nger of &11rehension.
They c&n of"en )e :sed #&ny "i#es )efore e;1%oding in "he :serHs
f&ce.
=i"h so#e designs! & %eng"h of dowe% is needed "o force o:" "he s1en"
she%%.
There &re #&ny 4&ri&"ions ):" "he i%%:s"r&"ion shows "he )&sic design.
(irs"! & wooden s"ock is #&de &nd & groo4e is c:" for "he )&rre% "o
res" in. The )&rre% is "hen "&1ed sec:re%y "o "he s"ock wi"h & good!
s"rong
"&1e.
The "rigger is #&de fro# g&%4&niBed "in. A s%o" is 1:nched in "he
"rigger f%&1 "o ho%d & roofing n&i%! which is wired or so%dered on"o "he
f%&1. The "rigger is )en" &nd n&i%ed "o "he s"ock on )o"h sides.
The 1i1e is & shor" %eng"h of one9>:&r"er inch s"ee% g&s or w&"er
1i1e
wi"h & )ore "h&" fi"s in & c&r"ridge! ye" kee1s "he c&r"ridge ri# fro#
1&ssing "hro:gh "he 1i1e.
The c&r"ridge is 1:" in "he 1i1e &nd "he c&1! wi"h & ho%e )ored
"hro:gh i"! is screwed on. Then "he "rigger is s%ow%y re%e&sed "o %e"
"he
n&i% 1&ss "hro:gh "he ho%e &nd res" on "he 1ri#er.
To fire! "he "rigger is 1:%%ed )&ck wi"h "he %ef" h&nd &nd he%d
)&ck
wi"h "he "h:#) of "he righ" h&nd. The g:n is "hen &i#ed &nd "he "h:#)
re%e&ses "he "rigger &nd "he "hing &c":&%%y fires.
7i1es of differen" %eng"hs &nd di&#e"ers &re fo:nd in &ny h&rdw&re
s"ore. A%% c&%i)er ):%%e"s! fro# "he .CC "o "he .+5 &re :sed in s:ch
g:ns.
So#e Bi1 g:ns &re #&de fro# "wo or "hree 1i1es nes"ed wi"hin e&ch
o"her. (or ins"&nce! & .CC she%% wi%% fi" sn:g%y in"o & %eng"h of &
c&rHs
co11er g&s %ine. 2nfor":n&"e%y! "he co11er is "oo we&k "o wi"hs"&nd "he
1ress:re of "he firing. So "he %eng"h of g&s %ine is s1re&d wi"h g%:e
&nd
1:shed in"o & wider %eng"h of 1i1e. This is s1re&d wi"h g%:e &nd 1:shed
in"o & %eng"h of s"ee% 1i1e wi"h "hre&ds &nd & c&1.
2sing "his #e"hod! yo: c&n &cco##od&"e &ny c&r"ridge! e4en & rif%e
she%%. The firs" (inner#os") siBe of 1i1e for & rif%e she%% &cco##od&"es
"he
):%%e". The second or o:"er#os" %&yer &cco##od&"es i"s wider 1owder
ch&#)er.
A si#1%e &nd 4ery d&ngero:s ("o "he :ser &nd "o "he "&rge") 1C9
g&:ge
sho"g:n c&n )e #&de fro# & -?+ inch s"ee% 1i1e. If yo: w&n" "o red:ce
"he
n:#)er of g:n %&w 4io%&"ions! "he )&rre% sho:%d )e &" %e&s" eigh"een
inches
%ong.
The sho"g:nHs firing #ech&nis# is "he s&#e &s "h&" for "he 1is"o%.
I" n&":r&%%y h&s & %onger s"ock &nd i"s h&nd%e is %eng"hened in"o &
rif%e
):"". A%so! & s#&%% n&i% is dri4en h&%f w&y in"o e&ch side of "he s"ock
&)o:" fo:r inches in "he fron" of "he "rigger. The r:))er )&nd is 1:"
o4er
one n&i% &nd )ro:gh" &ro:nd "he "rigger &nd sn&gged o4er "he o"her n&i%.
In c&se & 1erson &c":&%%y #&de & Bi1 g:n! he wo:%d "es" i" )efore
firing i" )y h&nd. This is done )y sec:re%y #o:n"ing g:n "o & "ree or
1os"!
1oin"ed "o where i" wi%% do no d&#&ge. Then & %ong s"ring is "ied "o
"he
"rigger &nd "he #&ni&c ho%ds i" fro# se4er&% y&rds &w&y. The s"ring is
"hen
1:%%ed )&ck &nd %e" go. If "he )&rre% does no" )%ow :1! "he g:n #igh" )e
s&fe "o fire )y h&nd. $e1e&" firings #&y we&ken "he )&rre%! so NO Bi1
g:n
c&n )e considered Gs&feG "o :se.
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion for 3&ndg:ns
If &n indi4id:&% wished "o 1rod:ce e;1%osi4e &##:ni"ion for his?her
h&ndg:n! he?she co:%d do i"! 1ro4ided "h&" "he 1erson h&d &n i#1&c"9
sensi"i4e e;1%osi4e &nd & few si#1%e "oo%s. One wo:%d firs" 1:rch&se
&%%
%e&d ):%%e"s! &nd "hen #&ke or &c>:ire &n i#1&c"9de"on&"ing e;1%osi4e.
By
dri%%ing & ho%e in & %e&d ):%%e" wi"h & dri%%! & s1&ce co:%d )e cre&"ed
for
"he 1%&ce#en" of &n e;1%osi4e. Af"er fi%%ing "he ho%e wi"h &n
e;1%osi4e!
i" wo:%d )e se&%ed in "he ):%%e" wi"h & dro1 of ho" w&; fro# & c&nd%e.
This ho%%ow s1&ce design &%so works for 1:""ing 1oison in ):%%e"s.
In #&ny s1y "hri%%ers! &n &ss&ssin is de1ic"ed &s #&n:f&c":ring
Ge;1%oding
):%%e"sG )y 1%&cing & dro1 of #erc:ry in "he nose of & ):%%e". Thro:gh
e;1eri#en"&"ion i" h&s )een fo:nd "h&" "his wi%% no" work. Merc:ry
re&c"s
wi"h %e&d "o for# & iner" si%4ery co#1o:nd! which #&y )e 1oisono:s! ):"
wi%%
no" &ffec" "he "er#in&% )&%%is"ics of "he ):%%e".
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion for Sho"g:ns
Bec&:se of "heir %&rge )ore &nd high 1ower! i" is 1ossi)%e "o
cre&"e
so#e e;"re#e%y 1owerf:% s1eci&% &##:ni"ion for :se in sho"g:ns. If &
sho"g:n she%% is o1ened &" "he "o1! &nd "he sho" re#o4ed! "he she%% c&n
)e
re9c%osed. S1eci&% gren&de9%&:nching )%&nks c&n &%so )e 1:rch&sed. Then!
if
one c&n find & 4ery s#oo"h! %igh"weigh" wooden dowe% "h&" is c%ose "o
"he
)ore wid"h of "he sho"g:n! & 1erson c&n #&ke se4er&% "y1es of sho"g:n9
%&:nched we&1ons.
=i"h "he #odified she%% in "he firing ch&#)er! %igh"%y inser" "he
dowe% in"o "he )&rre% of "he sho"g:n. M&rk "he dowe% &)o:" si; inches
&)o4e
"he #:BB%e! &nd re#o4e i" fro# "he )&rre%. The dowe% sho:%d )e c:" &"
"his
1oin"! &nd "he %eng"h recorded. Se4er&% rods c&n )e c:" fro# & sing%e
%eng"h
of dowe% rod.
Ne;"! & de4ice sho:%d )e chosen. Moder&"e%y i#1&c"9sensi"i4e
igni"ers
&re ide&%! or & %ong f:se c&n )e :sed. This de4ice c&n )e & che#ic&%
fire
)o""%e (see 1&ge -1)! & 1i1e )o#) (1&ge 5C)! or & "her#i"e )o#) (1&ge
-,).
Af"er "he de4ice is #&de! i" #:s" )e sec:re%y &""&ched "o "he dowe%.
=hen
"his is done! 1%&ce "he dowe% )&ck in "he sho"g:n when re&dy "o fire.
Af"er checking "h&" "he de4ice h&s & %ong eno:gh f:se! or "h&" "he
i#1&c" igni"er is &r#ed! %igh" "he f:se (if necess&ry)! &nd fire "he
sho"g:n &" &n &ng%e of +5 degrees or gre&"er. If "he 1ro@ec"i%e is no"
"oo
he&4y! r&nges of :1 "o -,, f" &re 1ossi)%e if s1eci&% Ggren&de9%&:ncher
)%&nksG &re :sed9 :se of reg:%&r )%&nk &##:ni"ion #&y c&:se "he de4ice
"o
%&nd 1eri%o:s%y c%ose "o "he :ser.
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion for 8o#1ressed Air?/&s =e&1ons
This sec"ion de&%s wi"h "he #&n:f&c":re of s1eci&% &##:ni"ion for
co#1ressed &ir or co#1ressed g&s we&1ons! s:ch &s 1:#1 B.B g:ns! g&s
1owered
B.B g:ns! &nd .CC c&% 1e%%e" g:ns. These we&1ons! &%"ho:gh :s:&%%y
"ho:gh"
of &s kids "oys! c&n )e #&de in"o r&"her d&ngero:s we&1ons.
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion for BB /:ns
A BB g:n! for "his #&n:scri1"! wi%% )e considered &ny "y1e of rif%e
or 1is"o% "h&" :ses co#1ressed &ir or g&s "o fire & 1ro@ec"i%e wi"h &
c&%i)er of .1EE! ei"her B.B! or %e&d 1e%%e". S:ch g:ns c&n h&4e &%#os"
&s
high & #:BB%e 4e%oci"y &s & #odern fire&r# rif%e. Bec&:se of "he s1eed
&"
which & .1EE c&%i)er 1ro@ec"i%e f%ies! &n i#1&c" de"on&"ing 1ro@ec"i%e
c&n
e&si%y )e #&de "h&" h&s & c&%i)er of .1EE.
Mos" &##:ni"ion for g:ns of gre&"er "h&n .CC c&%i)er :se 1ri#ers "o
igni"e "he 1owder in "he ):%%e". These 1ri#ers c&n )e )o:gh" &" g:n
s"ores!
since #&ny 1eo1%e %ike "o re%o&d "heir own ):%%e"s. S:ch 1ri#ers
de"on&"e
when s"r:ck )y "he firing 1in of & g:n. They wi%% &%so de"on&"e if "hey
i#1&c" &ny & h&rd s:rf&ce &" high s1eed.
2s:&%%y! "hey wi%% &%so fi" in "he )&rre% of & .1EE c&%i)er g:n.
If
"hey &re inser"ed f%&" end firs"! "hey wi%% de"on&"e when "he g:n is
fired
&" & h&rd s:rf&ce. If s:ch & 1ri#er is &""&ched "o & 1iece of "hin #e"&%
":)ing! s:ch &s "h&" :sed in &n &n"enn&! "he ":)e c&n )e fi%%ed wi"h &n
e;1%osi4e! )e se&%ed! &nd fired fro# & B.B g:n. A di&gr&# of s:ch &
1ro@ec"i%e &11e&rs )e%ow
(I%%. 5.-1)
Q I552ST$ATIONS AVAI5AB56 ON5< IN 8OMM6$I8IA% 7$INT6D $656AS6 R
The fron" 1ri#er is &""&ched "o "he ":)ing wi"h & dro1 of s:1er
g%:e.
The ":)ing is "hen fi%%ed wi"h &n e;1%osi4e! &nd "he re&r 1ri#er is
g%:ed
on. (in&%%y! & "&sse%! or & s#&%% 1iece of co""on is g%:ed "o "he re&r
1ri#er! "o ins:re "h&" "he 1ro@ec"i%e s"rikes on "he fron" 1ri#er. The
en"ire 1ro@ec"i%e sho:%d )e &)o:" -?+ of &n inch %ong.
S1eci&% A##:ni"ion for .CC 8&%i)er 7e%%e" /:ns
A .CC c&%i)er 1e%%e" g:n :s:&%%y is e>:i4&%en" "o & .CC c&% rif%e!
&"
c%ose r&nges. Bec&:se of "his! re%&"i4e%y %&rge e;1%osi4e 1ro@ec"i%es
c&n
)e &d&1"ed for :se wi"h .CC c&%i)er &ir rif%es.
A design )&sed on g%ycerine #edicne c&1s:%es is s:i"&)%e! since
so#e
c&1s:%es &re &)o:" .CC c&%i)er or s#&%%er. Or! & design si#i%&r "o "h&"
in
sec"ion 5.-1 co:%d )e :sed! on%y one wo:%d h&4e "o 1:rch&se )%&ck 1owder
1erc:ssion c&1s! ins"e&d of &##:ni"ion 1ri#ers! since "here &re
1erc:ssion
c&1s "h&" &re &)o:" .CC c&%i)er. A S11 c&1 is "oo s#&%%! ):" &ny"hing
%&rger wi%% do nice%y.
$O8K6TS AND 8ANNONS
$ocke"s &nd c&nnon &re gener&%%y "ho:gh" of &s he&4y &r"i%%ery.
7ri4&"e ci"iBens do no" :s:&%%y e#1%oy s:ch de4ices! )ec&:se "hey &re
diffic:%" or i#1ossi)%e "o &c>:ire. They &re no"! howe4er! i#1ossi)%e
"o
#&ke. Any indi4id:&% who c&n #&ke or ):y )%&ck 1owder or 1yrode; c&n
1rod:ce
&nd fire %ong r&nge c&nnons &nd rocke"s.
$ocke"s
$ocke"s were firs" de4e%o1ed )y "he 8hinese se4er&% h:ndred ye&rs
)efore "he #y"h of chris" )eg&n. They were :sed for en"er"&in#en"! in
"he
for# of fireworks. They were no" :s:&%%y :sed for #i%i"&ry 1:r1oses
)ec&:se
"hey were in&cc:r&"e! e;1ensi4e! &nd :n1redic"&)%e. In #odern "i#es!
howe4er! rocke"s &re :sed cons"&n"%y )y "he #i%i"&ry! since "hey &re
che&1!
re%i&)%e! &nd h&4e no recoi%. 7er1e"r&"ors of 4io%ence! for":n&"e%y!
c&nno"
o)"&in #i%i"&ry rocke"s! ):" "hey c&n #&ke or ):y rocke" engines. Mode%
rocke"ry is & 1o1:%&r ho))y of "he s1&ce &ge! &nd "o %&:nch & rocke"! &n
engine is re>:ired.
6s"es! & s:)sidi&ry of D&#on! is "he %e&ding #&n:f&c":rer of #ode%
rocke"s &nd rocke" engines. Their #os" 1owerf:% engine! "he GDG engine!
c&n
de4e%o1 &%#os" 1C %)s. of "hr:s"K eno:gh "o send & re%&"i4e%y %&rge
e;1%osi4e ch&rge & signific&n" dis"&nce. O"her co#1&nies! s:ch &s
8en":ri!
1rod:ce e4en %&rger rocke" engines! which de4e%o1 :1 "o -, f" %)s. of
"hr:s". These #ode% rocke" engines &re >:i"e re%i&)%e! &nd &re designed
"o
)e fired e%ec"ric&%%y. Mos" #ode% rocke" engines h&4e "hree )&sic
sec"ions.
Q I552ST$ATIONS AVAI5AB56 ON5< IN 8OMM6$I8IA% 7$INT6D $656AS6 R
The c%&y noBB%e &" "he )o""o# is where "he igni"er is inser"ed.
=hen
"he &re& %&)e%%ed G"hr:s"G is igni"ed! "he G"hr:s"G #&"eri&%! :s:&%%y &
%&rge
sing%e gr&in of & 1ro1e%%&n" s:ch &s )%&ck 1owder or 1yrode;! ):rns!
forcing
%&rge 4o%:#es of ho"! r&1id%y e;1&nding g&sses o:" "he n&rrow noBB%e!
1:shing "he rocke" forw&rd.
Af"er "he #&"eri&% h&s )een cons:#ed! "he s#oke sec"ion of "he
engine
is igni"ed. I" is :s:&%%y & s%ow ):rning #&"eri&%! si#i%&r "o )%&ck
1owder
"h&" h&s h&d 4&rio:s co#1o:nds &dded "o i" "o 1rod:ce 4isi)%e s#oke!
:s:&%%y
)%&ck! whi"e! or ye%%ow in co%or. This sec"ion e;is"s so "h&" "he
rocke"
wi%% )e seen when i" re&ches i"s #&;i#:# &%"i":de! or &1ogee.
=hen i" is ):rned :1! i" igni"es "he e@ec"ion ch&rge. The e@ec"ion
ch&rge consis"s of fine%y 1owdered )%&ck 1owder. I" ):rns 4ery r&1id%y!
&nd
1rod:ce & %&rge 4o%:#e of ho" g&ses. The e;1%osion of "he e@ec"ion
ch&rge
1:shes o:" "he 1&r&ch:"e of "he #ode% rocke". I" co:%d &%so )e :sed "o
igni"e & second s"&ge! or "o s"&r" & f:se.
$ocke" engines h&4e "heir own 1ec:%i&r %&)e%ing sys"e#. Ty1ic&%
engine
%&)e%s &re NA9CT! TA9-T! A.9-! B'9+! 8'9E! &nd D1C95. The %e""er is &n
indic&"or of "he 1ower of &n engine. GBG engines &re "wice &s 1owerf:%
&s
GAG engines! &nd G8G engines &re "wice &s 1owerf:% &s GBG engines! &nd
so
on. The n:#)er fo%%owing "he %e""er is "he &11ro;i#&"e "hr:s" of "he
engine!
in 1o:nds. "he fin&% n:#)er &nd %e""er is "he "i#e de%&y! fro# "he "i#e
"h&"
"he "hr:s" 1eriod of engine ):rn ends :n"i% "he e@ec"ion ch&rge firesK
G-TG
indic&"es & - second de%&y.
NOT6 &n e;"re#e%y effec"i4e rocke" 1ro1e%%&n" c&n )e #&de )y #i;ing
&%:#in:# d:s" wi"h &##oni:# 1erch%or&"e &nd & 4ery s#&%% &#o:n" of iron
o;ide. The #i;":re is :s:&%%y )o:nd "oge"her )y &n e1o;y.
B&sic $ocke" Bo#)
A rocke" )o#) is si#1%y wh&" "he n&#e i#1%ies & )o#) "h&" is
de%i4ered "o i"s "&rge" )y #e&ns of & rocke". Mos" 1eo1%e who wo:%d
#&ke
s:ch & de4ice wo:%d :se & #ode% rocke" engine "o 1ower "he de4ice. By
c:""ing fins fro# )&%s& wood &nd g%:ing "he# "o & %&rge rocke" engine!
s:ch
&s "he 6s"es G8G engine! & )&sic rocke" co:%d )e cons"r:c"ed. Then! &
s#&%%
e;1%osi4e de4ice wo:%d )e &dded. To ins:re "h&" "he f:se of "he de4ice
is
igni"ed! "he c%&y o4er "he e@ec"ion ch&rge of "he engine sho:%d )e
scr&1ed
off wi"h & 1%&s"ic "oo%.
D:c" "&1e is "he )es" w&y "o &""&ch &n e;1%osi4e ch&rge "o "he
rocke"
engine. No"e in "he di&gr&# "he &)sence of "he c%&y o4er "he e@ec"ion
ch&rge
M&ny differen" "y1es of e;1%osi4e 1&y%o&ds c&n )e &""&ched "o "he
rocke"!
s:ch &s & high e;1%osi4e! &n incendi&ry de4ice! or & che#ic&% fire
)o""%e.
6i"her fo:r or "hree fins #:s" )e g%:ed "o "he rocke" engine "o
ins:re
"h&" "he rocke" f%ies s"r&igh". The fins sho:%d )e sy##e"ric&%%y
s1&ced.The
%e&ding edge &nd "r&i%ing edge sho:%d )e s&nded wi"h s&nd1&1er so "h&"
"hey
&re ro:nded. This wi%% he%1 #&ke "he rocke" f%y s"r&igh". A "wo inch
%ong
sec"ion of & 1%&s"ic s"r&w c&n )e &""&ched "o "he rocke" "o %&:nch i"
fro#.
A c%o"hes h&nger c&n )e c:" &nd #&de in"o & %&:nch rod. The seg#en" of
&
1%&s"ic s"r&w sho:%d )e g%:ed "o "he rocke" engine &d@&cen" "o one of
"he
fins of "he rocke".
By c:""ing & co&" h&nger &nd s"r&igh"ening i"! & %&:nch rod c&n )e
#&de. Af"er & f:se is inser"ed in "he engine! "he rocke" is si#1%y s%id
down "he %&:nch rod! which is 1:" "hro:gh "he seg#en" of 1%&s"ic s"r&w.
The
rocke" sho:%d s%ide e&si%y &%ong & co&" h&nger.
5ong $&nge $ocke" Bo#)
5ong r&nge rocke"s c&n )e #&de )y :sing #:%"i s"&ge rocke"s. Mode%
rocke" engines wi"h &n G,G for & "i#e de%&y &re designed for :se in
#:%"i9
s"&ge rocke"s. An engine s:ch &s "he D1C9, is &n e;ce%%en" e;&#1%e of
s:ch
&n engine. I##edi&"e%y &f"er "he "hr:s" 1eriod is o4er! "he e@ec"ion
ch&rge
e;1%odes. If &no"her engine is 1%&ced direc"%y &g&ins" "he )&ck of &n
G,G
engine! "he e;1%osion of "he e@ec"ion ch&rge wi%% send ho" g&sses &nd
):rning 1&r"ic%es in"o "he noBB%e of "he engine &)o4e i"! &nd igni"e "he
"hr:s" sec"ion. This wi%% 1:sh "he :sed G,G engine off of "he rocke"!
c&:sing &n o4er&%% %oss of weigh".
The #&in &d4&n"&ge of & #:%"i9s"&ge rocke" is "h&" i" %oses weigh"
&s
"r&4e%s! &nd i" g&ins 4e%oci"y. A #:%"i9s"&ge rocke" #:s" )e designed
so#ewh&" differen"%y "h&n & sing%e s"&ge rocke"! since! in order for &
rocke" "o f%y s"r&igh"! i"s cen"er of gr&4i"y #:s" )e &he&d of i"s
cen"er
of dr&g. This is &cco#1%ished )y &dding weigh" "o "he fron" of "he
rocke"!
or )y #o4ing "he cen"er of dr&g )&ck )y 1:""ing fins on "he rocke" "h&"
&re
we%% )ehind "he rocke". The f:se is 1:" in "he )o""o# engine.
Two! "hree! or e4en fo:r s"&ges c&n )e &dded "o & rocke" )o#) "o
gi4e
i" & %onger r&nge. I" is i#1or"&n"! howe4er! "h&" for e&ch &ddi"ion&%
s"&ge! "he fin &re& ge"s %&rger.
8&nnon
The c&nnon is & 1iece of &r"i%%ery "h&" h&s )een in :se since "he
11"h
cen":ry. I" is no" :n%ike & #:ske"! in "h&" i" is fi%%ed wi"h 1owder!
%o&ded! &nd fired. 8&nnons of "his sor" #:s" &%so )e c%e&ned &f"er e&ch
sho"! o"herwise! "he 1ro@ec"i%e #&y @&# in "he )&rre% when i" is fired!
c&:sing "he )&rre% "o e;1%ode.
B&sic 7i1e 8&nnon
A%#os" &nyone c&n #&ke & si#1%e c&nnon c&n )e #&de fro# & "hick
1i1e.
The on%y diffic:%" 1&r" is finding & 1i1e "h&" is e;"re#e%y s#oo"h on
i"s
in"erior. This is &)so%:"e%y necess&ryK o"herwise! "he 1ro@ec"i%e #&y
@&#.
8o11er or &%:#in:# 1i1ing is :s:&%%y s#oo"h eno:gh! ):" i" #:s" &%so )e
e;"re#e%y "hick "o wi"hs"&nd "he 1ress:re de4e%o1ed )y "he e;1&nding ho"
g&sses in & c&nnon.
If one :ses & 1ro@ec"i%e! s:ch &s & #odified M91,, or si#i%&r
de4ice!
& 1i1e "h&" is &)o:" 1.5 9 C fee" %ong is ide&%. S:ch & 1i1e #:s" h&4e
w&%%s "h&" &re &" %e&s" T inch "hick! &nd )e 4ery s#oo"h on "he
in"erior.
If 1ossi)%e! screw &n end 1%:g in"o "he 1i1e. O"herwise! "he 1i1e #:s"
)e
cri#1ed &nd fo%ded c%osed! wi"ho:" cr&cking or "e&ring "he 1i1e. A s#&%%
ho%e is dri%%ed in "he )&ck of "he 1i1e ne&r "he cri#1 or end 1%:g.
Then!
&%% "h&" need )e done is fi%% "he 1i1e wi"h &)o:" "wo "e&s1oons of gr&de
)%&ck1owder or 1yrode;! inser" & f:se! 1&ck i" %igh"%y )y r&##ing & w&d
of
"iss:e 1&1er down "he )&rre%! &nd dro1 in & 8OC c&r"ridge. Br&ce "he
c&nnon
sec:re%y &g&ins" & s"rong s"r:c":re! %igh" "he f:se! &nd r:n. If "he
1erson
is %:cky! he wi%% no" h&4e o4erch&rged "he c&nnon! &nd he wi%% no" )e
hi"
)y 1ieces of e;1%oding )&rre%.
An e;1%oding 1ro@ec"i%e c&n )e #&de for "his "y1e of c&nnon wi"h &
8OC
c&r"ridge. I" is re%&"i4e%y si#1%e "o do. J:s" #&ke & cr&"er #&ker! &nd
cons"r:c" i" s:ch "h&" "he f:se 1ro@ec"s &)o:" &n inch fro# "he end of
"he
c&r"ridge. Then! wr&1 "he f:se wi"h d:c" "&1e! co4ering i" en"ire%y!
e;ce1"
for & s#&%% &#o:n" &" "he end. 7:" "his in "he 1i1e c&nnon wi"ho:" :sing
&
"iss:e 1&1er 1&cking w&d.
=hen "he c&nnon is fired! i" wi%% igni"e "he end of "he f:se! &nd
%&:nch "he c&r"ridge. The e;1%osi4e9fi%%ed c&r"ridge wi%% e;1%ode in
&)o:"
"hree seconds! if &%% goes we%%.
$ocke" (iring 8&nnon
A rocke" firing c&nnon c&n )e #&de e;&c"%y %ike & nor#&% c&nnonK
"he
on%y difference is "he &##:ni"ion. A rocke" fired fro# & c&nnon wi%%
f%y
f:r"her "h&n & rocke" %&:nched &%one! since "he &c"ion of shoo"ing i"
o4erco#es "he ini"i&% iner"i&. A rocke" "h&" is %&:nched when i" is
#o4ing
wi%% go f:r"her "h&n one "h&" is %&:nched when i" is s"&"ion&ry. S:ch &
rocke" wo:%d rese#)%e & nor#&% rocke" )o#)! e;ce1" i" wo:%d h&4e no
fins.
The f:se on s:ch & de4ice wo:%d! o)4io:s%y! )e shor"! ):" i" wo:%d
no"
)e igni"ed :n"i% "he rocke"Hs e@ec"ion ch&rge e;1%oded. Th:s! "he de%&y
)efore "he e@ec"ion ch&rge! in effec"! )eco#es "he de%&y )efore "he )o#)
e;1%odes. No"e "h&" no f:se need )e 1:" in "he rocke"K "he ):rning
1owder
in "he c&nnon wi%% igni"e i"! &nd si#:%"&neo:s%y 1:sh "he rocke" o:" of
"he
c&nnon &" & high 4e%oci"y.
$einforced 7i1e 8&nnon
In high schoo%! & friend of #ine ):i%" c&nnons &nd %&:nched 8OC
c&r"ridges! e"c. 3owe4er! "he design of "he c&nnon is of in"eres" here.
I" w&s #&de fro# "wo sec"ions of 1%&in s"ee% w&"er 1i1e reinforced
wi"h s"ee% wire! &nd %e&d. The firs" sec"ion h&d in inside di&#"er of
one
inch! &nd &n o:"side di&#e"er of &n inch %ess "h&n "he inside di&#"er of
"he
second %eng"h of 1i1e. The s#&%%er 1i1e w&s wr&11ed wi"h s"ee% wire &nd
1%&ced inside "he %&rger sec"ion.
They d:g in"o "he side of & s&nd 1i%e &nd ):i%" & chi#ney o:" of
fire)rick. Then "hey s"ood "he &sse#)%ed 1i1e &nd wire on end in "he
chi#ney! si""ing on so#e )ricks. By :sing & )%ow"orch "o he&" :1 "he
chi#ney! "he 1i1e w&s he&"ed :n"i% i" w&s red ho". Then #o%"en %e&d w&s
1o:red in"o "he s1&ce )e"ween "he 1i1es.
If "he c&1s &renH" screwed on "igh"! so#e of "he %e&d wi%% %e&k
o:".
If "h&" h&11ens! ":rn off "he )%ow"orch &nd "he 1i1e wi%% coo% eno:gh
&nd
"he %e&d wi%% s"iffen &nd s"o1 "he %e&k.
They :sed )o"h ho#e#&de &nd co##erci&% )%&ck 1owder! &nd s%ow
s#oke%ess sho"g:n 1owder in "he c&nnon. (&s" s#oke%ess 1owder is no"
recco#ended! &s i" c&n gener&"e 1ress:res which wi%% "r&nsfor# yo:r
c&nnon
in"o & %&rge )o#).
Af"er h:ndreds of sho"s "hey c:" "he c&nnon in"o se4er&% sec"ions!
&nd
c:" "wo of "hese "he %ong w&y &nd se1er&"ed "he co#1onen"s. There w&s no
4isi)%e e4idence of cr&cking or swe%%ing of "he inner 1i1e.
VIS2A5 7<$OT683NI8S
There &re #&ny o"her "y1es of 1yro"echnics "h&" c&n )e :sed. S#oke
)o#)s c&n )e 1:rch&sed in #&gic s"ores! &nd %&rge #i%i"&ry s#oke )o#)s
c&n
)e )o:gh" "hro:gh &d4er"ise#en"s in g:n &nd #i%i"&ry #&g&Bines. 64en "he
Gh&r#%essG 1:%%9s"ring fireworks! which consis"s of & sor" of
firecr&cker
"h&" e;1%odes when "he s"rings r:nning "hro:gh i" &re 1:%%ed! co:%d )e
1%&ced inside & %&rge ch&rge of & sensi"i4e e;1%osi4e.
S#oke Bo#)s
One "y1e of 1yro"echnic de4ice "h&" #igh" )e de1%oyed in #&ny w&y
wo:%d )e & s#oke )o#). S:ch & de4ice co:%d conce&% "he ge"&w&y ro:"e!
or
c&:se & di4ersion! or si#1%y 1ro4ide co4er. S:ch & de4ice! were i" "o
1rod:ce eno:gh s#oke "h&" s#e%%ed )&d eno:gh! co:%d force "he e4&c:&"ion
of
& ):i%ding! for e;&#1%e. S#oke )o#)s &re no" diffic:%" "o #&ke.
A%"ho:gh
"he #i%i"&ry s#oke )o#)s e#1%oy 1owdered whi"e 1hos1hor:s or "i"&ni:#
co#1o:nds! "hese r&w #&"eri&%s &re diffic:%" "o o)"&in. Ins"e&d! "hese
de4ices c&n of"en )e 1:rch&sed "hro:gh s:r1%:s s"ores! or one #igh" #&ke
"he
s#oke )o#) fro# scr&"ch.
Mos" ho#e#&de s#oke )o#)s :s:&%%y e#1%oy so#e "y1e of )&se 1owder!
s:ch &s )%&ck 1owder or 1yrode;! "o s:11or" co#):s"ion. The )&se
#&"eri&%
wi%% ):rn we%%! &nd 1ro4ide he&" "o c&:se "he o"her #&"eri&%s in "he
de4ice
"o ):rn! ):" no" co#1%e"e%y or c%e&n%y. T&)%e s:g&r! #i;ed wi"h s:%f:r
&nd
& )&se #&"eri&%! 1rod:ces %&rge &#o:n"s of s#oke. S&wd:s"! es1eci&%%y
if
i" h&s & s#&%% &#o:n" of oi% in i"! &nd & )&se 1owder works we%% &%so.
O"her
e;ce%%en" s#oke ingredien"s &re s#&%% 1ieces of r:))er! fine%y gro:nd
1%&s"ics! &nd #&ny che#ic&% #i;":res. The #&"eri&% in ro&d f%&res c&n
)e
#i;ed wi"h s:g&r &nd s:%f:r &nd & )&se 1owder 1rod:ces #:ch s#oke. Mos"
of
"he f:e%9o;idiBer #i;":res! if "he r&"io is no" correc"! 1rod:ce #:ch
s#oke
when &dded "o & )&se 1owder. The %is" of 1ossi)i%i"ies goes on &nd on.
The
"rick "o & s:ccessf:% s#oke )o#) &%so %ies in "he con"&iner :sed. A
1%&s"ic
cy%inder works we%%! &nd con"ri):"es "o "he s#oke 1rod:ced. The ho%e in
"he
s#oke )o#) where "he f:se en"ers #:s" )e %&rge eno:gh "o &%%ow "he
#&"eri&%
"o ):rn wi"ho:" c&:sing &n e;1%osion. This is &no"her 1%:s for 1%&s"ic
con"&iners! since "hey wi%% #e%" &nd ):rn when "he s#oke #&"eri&%
igni"es!
1rod:cing &n o1ening %&rge eno:gh "o 1re4en" &n e;1%osion.
Si#1%e S#oke
There &re #&ny w&ys "o 1rod:ce #oder&"e >:&n"i"ies of dense s#oke
fro#
si#1%e #&"eri&%s. Mo"or oi% works we%%! ):" is no" good for "he
en4iron#en".
<o: c&n &%so #i; si; 1&r"s 1owdered Binc wi"h one 1&r" 1owdered s:%f:r.
This
#i;":re c&n )e igni"ed )y s&fe"y f:se or & red ho" wire."his for#:%& is
4ery
si#i%&r "o "he Binc &nd s:%f:r rocke" 1ro1e%%&n"s :sed in so#e &#&"e:r
rocke"ry! &nd wi%% 1rod:ce 1ress:re &nd #:ch %ess s#oke if confined.
8o%ored (%&#es
8o%ored f%&#es c&n of"en )e :sed &s & sign&%ing de4ice. )y 1:""ing
&
)&%% of co%ored f%&#e #&"eri&% in & rocke"K "he rocke"! when "he
e@ec"ion
ch&rge fires! wi%% send o:" & ):rning co%ored )&%%. The #&"eri&%s "h&"
1rod:ce "he differen" co%ors of f%&#es &11e&r )e%ow.
8O5O$ MAT6$IA5 2S6D IN
red s"ron"i:# ni"r&"e ro&d f%&res
green )&ri:# ni"r&"e green s1&rk%ers
ye%%ow Sodi:# ni"r&"e s&%"
)%:e co11er (O 7V8) o%d 1ennies
whi"e #&gnesi:# (:se &%oneA) fire s"&r"ers! ":)ing
1:r1%e 1o"&ssi:# 1er#&ng&n&"e "re&"ing sew&ge
(ireworks
=hi%e fireworks &re )eco#ing #:ch #ore diffic:%" "o o)"&in! i"
isnH"
4ery diffic:%" "o 1rod:ce >:&%i"y h&nd9#&de 1ieces. The #os" i#1or"&n"
f&c"or in &chie4ing & re%i&)%e firework is 1r&c"ice. =hi%e yo:r firs"
few
&""e#1"s &re %ike%y "o )e s1ec"&c:%&r f&i%:res! yo: c&n %e&rn fro# yo:r
#is"&kes. There is no f&s" w&y "o )eco#e 1roficien" &" h&nd 1rod:c"ion9
1&"ien" 1r&c"ice is "he key "o consis"en"! re%i&)%e dis1%&ys.
(irecr&ckers
A si#1%e firecr&cker c&n )e #&de fro# c&rd)o&rd ":)ing &nd e1o;y.
The
co##on s1ir&% wo:nd ":)es &re no" 4ery effec"i4e for firecr&ckers #&de
fro#
s%ower ):rning 1owders! "ho:gh "hey wi%% work wi"h f%&sh 1owder. The
":)ing
:sed sho:%d )e re&son&)%y "hick9w&%%ed! &nd c&n )e 1rod:ced )y winding
kr&f"
1&1er on & s"ee% core. &f"er winding "wo %&yers on "he core "he 1&1er
sho:%d
)e co&"ed wi"h & "hin %&yer of g%:e (&ny %igh" g%:e wi%% work) for "he
re#&ining %&yers. The core sho:%d )e re#o4ed &f"er winding! &s "he ":)e
wi%%
shrink s%igh"%y &s i" dries.
1) 8:" & s#&%% 1iece of c&rd)o&rd ":)ing fro# "he ":)e yo: &re
:sing.
GS#&%%G #e&ns &ny"hing %ess "h&n + "i#es "he di&#e"er of "he ":)e.
C) Se" "he sec"ion of ":)ing down on & 1iece of w&; 1&1er! &nd fi%%
i" wi"h e1o;y &nd "he drying &gen" "o & heigh" of -?+ "he di&#e"er of
"he
":)ing. A%%ow "he e1o;y "o dry "o #&;i#:# h&rdness! &s s1ecified on "he
1&ck&ge.
-) =hen i" is dry! 1:" & s#&%% ho%e in "he #idd%e of "he ":)e! &nd
inser" & desired %eng"h of f:se.
+) (i%% "he ":)e wi"h &ny "y1e of f%&#e sensi"i4e e;1%osi4e. (%&sh
1owder! 1yrode;! )%&ck 1owder! ni"roce%%:%ose! or &ny of "he f&s"
):rning
f:e%9o;idiBer #i;":res wi%% do nice%y. (i%% "he ":)e &%#os" "o "he "o1.
5) (i%% "he re#&inder of "he ":)e wi"h "he e1o;y &nd h&rdener! &nd
&%%ow i" "o dry.
') (or "hose who wish "o #&ke s1ec"&c:%&r firecr&ckers! :se f%&sh
1owder! #i;ed wi"h & s#&%% &#o:n" of o"her #&"eri&% for co%ors. By
&dding
1owdered iron! or&nge s1&rks wi%% )e 1rod:ced. =hi"e s1&rks c&n )e
1rod:ced
fro# #&gnesi:# sh&4ings! or fro# s#&%%! 5I/3T5< cr:#1%ed )&%%s of
&%:#in:#
foi%.
Skyrocke"s
I#1ressi4e skyrocke"s c&n )e e&si%y 1rod:ced fro# #ode% rocke"
engines! wi"h & few #inor #odific&"ions. =hi%e rocke" engines for
rocke"s
c&n )e #&de fro# scr&"ch! i" is diffic:%" "o 1rod:ce & re%i&)%e 1rod:c".
MAT6$IA5S
Mode% $ocke" engine (see )e%ow) 7&1er ":)ing f%&sh 1owder
B&#)oo s"ick g%:e 1%&s"ic scr&1er
8o##erci&%%y 1rod:ced #ode% rocke" engines &re &4&i%&)%e fro# #os" ho))y
s"ores. They &re disc:ssed in de"&i% on 1&ge '5. If )&#)oo rods &re no"
&4&i%&)%e! &ny "hin dowe% rod c&n )e :sed. The rod ser4es &s &
s"&)i%iBer
"o he%1 #&in"&in "he skyrocke"Hs 1&"h. If "he rod is "oo he&4y i" wi%%
c&:se
"he rocke" "o s1ir&%! or e4en "o do:)%e )&ck.
6i"her ):y & sec"ion of )ody ":)e for #ode% rocke"s "h&" e;&c"%y
fi"s
"he engine! or #&ke & ":)e fro# se4er&% "hicknesses of 1&1er &nd g%:e.
Scr&1e o:" "he c%&y )&cking on "he )&ck of "he engine! so "h&" "he
1owder is e;1osed. /%:e "he ":)e "o "he engine! so "h&" "he ":)e co4ers
&"
%e&s" h&%f "he engine. 7o:r & s#&%% ch&rge of f%&sh 1owder in "he ":)e!
&)o:" T &n inch.
By &dding #&"eri&%s &s de"&i%ed in "he sec"ion on firecr&ckers!
4&rio:s "y1es of effec"s c&n )e 1rod:ced. By 1:""ing J:#1ing J&cks or
)o""%e
rocke"s wi"h "he s"ick re#o4ed in "he ":)e! s1ec"&c:%&r dis1%&ys wi"h
#o4ing
fire)&%%s c&n )e 1rod:ced. (in&%%y! )y #o:n"ing #&ny ho#e #&de
firecr&ckers
on "he ":)e wi"h "he f:ses in "he ":)e! #:%"i1%e co%ored ):rs"s c&n )e
#&de.
$o#&n 8&nd%es
$o#&n c&nd%es &re i#1ressi4e "o w&"ch. They &re re%&"i4e%y
diffic:%"
"o #&ke! co#1&red "o "he o"her "y1es of ho#e9#&de fireworks! ):" "hey
&re
we%% wor"h "he "ro:)%e.
1) B:y & T inch "hick #ode% rocke" )ody ":)e! &nd reinforce i" wi"h
se4er&% %&yers of 1&1er &nd?or #&sking "&1e. This #:s" )e done "o
1re4en"
"he ":)e fro# e;1%oding. 8:" "he ":)e in"o &)o:" 1, inch %eng"hs.
C) 7:" "he ":)e on & shee" of w&; 1&1er! &nd se&% one end wi"h
e1o;y
&nd "he drying &gen". 3&%f &n inch is s:fficien".
-) 7:" & ho%e in "he ":)e @:s" &)o4e "he )o""o# %&yer of e1o;y! &nd
inser" & desired %eng"h of w&"er 1roof f:se. M&ke s:re "h&" "he f:se
fi"s
"igh"%y.
+) 7o:r &n inch of 1yrode; or g:n1owder down "he o1en end of "he
":)e.
5) M&ke & )&%% )y 1owdering &)o:" "wo ' inch s1&rk%ers of "he
desired
co%or. Mi; "his 1owder wi"h & s#&%% &#o:n" of f%&sh 1owder &nd & s#&%%
&#o:n" of 1yrode;! "o h&4e & fin&% r&"io ()y 4o%:#e) of
',I s1&rk%er #&"eri&%
C,I f%&sh 1owder
C,I 1yrode;.
Af"er #i;ing "he 1owders we%%! &dd w&"er! one dro1 &" & "i#e! &nd
#i;ing con"in:o:s%y! :n"i% & d&#1 1&s"e is for#ed.
This 1&s"e sho:%d )e #o%d&)%e )y h&nd! &nd sho:%d re"&in i"s sh&1e
when %ef" &%one. M&ke & )&%% o:" of "he 1&s"e "h&" @:s" fi"s in"o "he
":)e.
A%%ow "he )&%% "o dry.
') =hen i" is dry! dro1 "he )&%% down "he ":)e. I" sho:%d s%ide
down
f&ir%y e&si%y. 7:" & s#&%% w&d of "iss:e 1&1er in "he ":)e! &nd 1&ck i"
gen"%y &g&ins" "he )&%% wi"h & 1enci%.
E) $e1e&" s"e1s + "hro:gh ' for e&ch Gsho"G "he c&nd%e wi%% h&4e.
.) =hen re&dy "o :se! 1:" "he c&nd%e in & ho%e in "he gro:nd!
1oin"ed
in & s&fe direc"ion! %igh" "he f:se! &nd r:n. If "he de4ice works! &
co%ored
fire)&%% sho:%d shoo" o:" of "he ":)e. The heigh" c&n )e incre&sed )y
&dding & s%igh"%y %&rger 1owder ch&rge in s"e1 +! or )y :sing & s%igh"%y
%onger ":)e.
If "he )&%% does no" igni"e! &dd s%igh"%y #ore 1yrode; "o "he1&s"e
#&de in s"e1 5.
The )&%%s #&de for ro#&n c&nd%es &%so f:nc"ion 4ery we%% in
rocke"s!
1rod:cing &n effec" of co%ored f&%%ing fire)&%%s.
5ISTS O( S2775I6$S AND MO$6 IN(O$MATION
Mos"! if no" &%%! of "he infor#&"ion in "his 1:)%ic&"ion c&n )e
o)"&ined "hro:gh & 1:)%ic or :ni4ersi"y %i)r&ry. There &re &%so #&ny
1:)%ic&"ions "h&" &re 1:" o:" )y 1eo1%e who w&n" "o #&ke #oney )y
"e%%ing
o"her 1eo1%e how "o #&ke e;1%osi4es &" ho#e.
Ad4er"ise#en"s for s:ch &11e&r fre>:en"%y in 1&r&#i%i"&ry #&g&Bines
&nd news1&1ers. This %is" is 1resen"ed "o show "he %&rge n:#)er of
1%&ces
"h&" infor#&"ion &nd #&"eri&%s c&n )e 1:rch&sed fro#. This %is"ing &%so
inc%:des fireworks co#1&nies. The f&c" "h&" & co#1&ny is %is"ed here
does
no" i#1%y &ny endorse#en" or re%&"ionshi1 wi"h "he#.
8OM7AN< NAM6 AND ADD$6SS =3AT 8OM7AN< S655S
(:%% A:"o 8o. Inc. 6;1%osi4e (or#:%&s
7.O. Bo; 1..1 1&1er ":)ing!1%:gs
M2$($66SBO$O! TN -E1--
MJ Dis"ri):"ing (ireworks (or#:%&s
7.O. Bo; 1,5.5
<AKIMA!=A *.*,*
A#eric&n (ireworks News (ireworks News M&g&Bine.
S$ Bo; -, so:rces &nd "echni>:es
DIN/MANHS (6$$<! &cc:r&"e so:rce of info
76NNS<5VANIA 1.-C.
B&rne"" In"H% Inc. Bows! 8ross)ows! &rchery
1C5 $:nne%s S". e>:i1#en"! so#e &ir rif%es
7.O. Bo; CC' >:&%i"y 4&ries )y 1rice
7O$T 32$ON!
MI83I/AN +.,',
8ross#&n Air /:ns 5&rge &ssor"#en" of &ir
7.O. Bo; CC*CE g:ns! >:&%i"y 4&ries.
$O836ST6$!
N6= <O$K 1+'*C
$. A%%en 7rofession&% 8ons"r:c"ion
7.O. BOD 1+' )ooks &nd for#:%&s
=I55O= /$OV6! 7A 1*,*,
6;ec:"i4e 7ro"ec"ion g&s gren&des! c:"%ery
7rod:c"s &nd 1ro"ec"ion de4ices
-1' 8&%iforni& A4e.
$6NO! N6VADA .*5,*
2n%i#i"ed 8he#ic&%s
Bo; 1-E.9SN 8&nnon (:se
36$MISTON! O$6/ON *E.-.
B&dger (ireworks 8o. 8%&ss GBG &nd G8G (ireworks
Bo; 1+51 J&nes4i%%e!
=IS8ONSIN 5-5+E
New 6ng%&nd (ireworks 8%&ss G8G (ireworks
7.O. Bo; -5,+
STAN(O$D! 8ONN68TI82T ,',*5
$&in)ow Tr&i% 8%&ss G8G (ireworks
Bo; 5.1
6D/6MONT! 76NNS<5VANIA 1*,C.
S"oning"on (ireworks Inc. 8%&ss G8G &nd GBG (ireworks
+,1, New =i%sey B&y 2.C5 $o&d
$A7ID $IV6$! MI83I/AN +*.E.
=indy 8i"y (ireworks 8%&ss G8G &nd GBG (ireworks
7.O. BOD 11
$O836ST6$! INDIANA +'*E5
5oo#1&nics Books on 6;1%osi4es!
7.O. Bo; 11*E S:r4i4&%! e"c
7or" Townsend! =A *.-'..
Sierr& S:11%y Ar#y S:r1%:s!
7O Bo; 1-*, Technic&% M&n:&%s
D:rr&ngo! 8O .1-,C
(-,-)9C5*91.CC.
7&%&din 7ress The #os" we%% known
7.O. Bo; 1-,E de&%er of )ooks on
Bo:%der! 8O .,-,' e;1%osi4es! e"c
De%"& 7ress 5"d Books
7.O. Bo; 1'C5 De1". .*-
6% Dor&do! A$ E1E-1
7hoeni; Sys"e#s 8&nnon (:se! Mi% s:r1%:s
7.O. Bo; ---* &nd #&ny )ooks
64ergreen 8O .,+-* =ide se%ec"ion
2.S. 8&4&%ry Mi%i"&ry &nd &d4en":re
C.55 8en"enni&% A4e. e>:i1#en"
$&dc%iff! K< +,1',9*,,,
(5,C)-51911'+
BOOKS
The An&rchis"Hs 8ook)ook (high%y in&cc:r&"e)
B%&s"erHs 3&nd)ook QDyn&#i"e :serHs #&n:&%R D:1on" (e;1%osi4es
#&n:f&c":rer)
This #&n:&% is re&son&)%y 1riced &" &ro:nd LC,! &nd h&s & %o"
of
#&"eri&% on rock re#o4&% &nd o"her co##on )%&s"ing o1er&"ions. Inc%:des
infor#&"ion on 1ro1&g&"ion )%&s"ing &nd ch&rge c&%c:%&"ion.
M&n:&% Of $ock B%&s"ing QDyn&#i"e :serHs #&n:&%R
This #&n:&% fro# A"%&s is & )i" e;1ensi4e &" L',! ):" i"
co4ers
e4ery"hing fo:nd in "he B%&s"erHs 3&nd)ook! &s we%% &s de#o%i"ion &nd
o"her
o1er&"ions.
The An&rchis" Arsen&% Incendi&ry &nd 6;1%osi4e Techni>:es Q6rroneo:sR
11C1. 1**,! ISBN ,95.59-.C1E9'! 7&%&din 7ress
$&gn&rHs /:ide "o 3o#e &nd $ecre&"ion&% 2se of 3igh 6;1%osi4es
Benson! $&gn&r. 1C,1. 1*..! ISBN ,9.E-'+9+E.9'! 7&%&din 7ress
7&r" of & series of 4ery in&cc:r&"e )ooks! &ny"hing wi"h
Benson
$&gnerHs n&#e on i" sho:%d )e "&ken wi"h & gr&in of s&%".
De&d%y Brew Ad4&nced I#1ro4ised 6;1%osi4es Qhigh%y :ns&feR
5ecker! Sey#o:r. '+1. 1*.E! ISBN ,9.E-'+9+1.9C! 7&%&din 7ress
6;1%osi4e D:s" Ad4&nced I#1ro4ised 6;1%osi4es Qde&"h "r&1R
5ecker! Sey#o:r. ',1. 1**1 ISBN ,9.E-'+95.E91! 7&%&din 7ress
I#1ro4ised 6;1%osi4es 3ow "o M&ke <o:r Own Q&%#os" correc"R
5ecker! Sey#o:r. .,1. 1*.5 ISBN ,9.E-'+9-C,9.! 7&%&din 7ress
The 7oor M&nHs J&#es Bond 3o#e#&de 7oisons! 6;1%osi4es! I#1ro4ised
(ire&r#s!
7yro"echnics... Q8ri#ino%ogy seriesR
S&;on! K. 1*.' ISBN ,9.+*,9-'E595 A"%&n (or#:%&ries
The New I#1ro4ed 7oor M&nsHs J&#es Bond! No. 1 ('"h ed.) Q%&) #&n:&%R
S&;on! K:r" +EE1. 1*.. ISBN ,9-1.9+1,E,9C A"%&n
This 4o%:#e inc%:des #&"eri&% fro# =eing&r"s 7yro"echnics &s
we%% &s
so#e origin&% #&"eri&%. This is one of "he #os" we%% known )ooks in "he
fie%d.
The 7oor M&nHs J&#es Bond! Vo% C Q%&) #&n:&%! re1rin"s fro# &ss"d.
so:rcesR
S&;on! K. +.+1. 1*.E ISBN ,9-1.9+1,E19, A"%&n
6;1%osi4es &nd De#o%i"ions
2.S. Ar#y S"&ff. 1..1. 1*'E ISBN ,9.E-'+9,EE9C 7&%&din 7ress.
This #&n:&% is 2S Ar#y! &nd is 4ery co#1%e"e &nd &cc:r&"e!
&%"ho:gh
i" is so#ewh&" o:"d&"ed. 7rices r&nge fro# L5.,, "o L15.,, .
I#1ro4ised M:ni"ions 3&nd)ook
2.S. Ar#y S"&ff! Technic&% M&n:&% -19C1,
The 1roced:res gi4en &re fe&si)%e! ):" "hey wri""en &re wi"h
"he
1res:#1"ion "h&" "he #&ker is wi%%ing "o &cce1" & high degree of risk.
7yro"echnics
/eorge =. =eing&r".
/i4es ingredien"s! 1ro1er h&nd%ing "echni>:es! &nd se4er&%
for#:%&s
for "he 1rod:c"ion of & n:#)eer of 1rofession&% 1yro"echnic de4ices.
6;1%osi4es
Ar"h:r M&rsh&%% 9 8he#ic&% Ins1ec"or! Ordn&nce De1". 6ng%&nd
7:)%ished )y 7. B%&kis"onHs Son V 8o. in C 4o%:#es
Vo%:#e one co4ers 1rod:c"ion &nd 4o%:#e "wo co4ers 1ro1er"ies
&nd
"es"s. Bo"h &re i%%:s"r&"ed! 4ery co#1rehensi4e &nd we%% wri""en.
3&B&rdo:s 8he#ic&% Desk $eference
N. Ir4ing S&; &nd $.J. 5ewis! S$. $einho%d 7ress 1,*'11
A >:ick reference g:ide "o +!E,, of "he #os" co##on%y :sed
h&B&rdo:s
che#ic&%s &nd co#1o:nds! inc%:des inco#1&"i)i%i"ies &nd h&B&rds.
The Merck Inde; Q11"h 6di"ionR
S. B:d&4&ri e" &% 6ds Merck! $&hw&y! N@ C-'.11
8o4ers #ore "h&n 1,!,,, che#ic&%s wi"h infor#&"ion on
1ro1er"ies!
1rod:c"ion! :ses! &nd o"her essen"i&% f&c"s. The :%"i#&"e desk reference
for &%%
che#is"s! "his 4o%:#e is &4&i%&)%e for L++ fro# & n:#)er of so:rces.
8$8 3&nd)ook of 5&)or&"ory S&fe"y QCnd 6di"ionR
6d. N.2. S"eere! 8$8 7ress .'+11
The 8$8 3&nd)ook is & 4&%:&)%e reso:rce! &nd inc%:des s"&nd&rd
%&)or&"ory s&fe"y #e&s:res &s we%% &s 1roced:res for :sing &nd dis1osing
of #&ny
co##on%y enco:n"ered #&"eri&%s. =e%% wor"h "he L*, %is" 1rice.
6;1%osi4es
$. Meyer. -rd 6di"ion 283 7:)%isher! =einhei#! ($/ 1*.E +5C11
8o4ers "he en"ire fie%d! wi"h ne&r%y 5,, en"ries inc%:ding
for#:%&s
&nd descri1"ions for 1C, e;1%osi4e che#ic&%s &s we%% &s ', f:e%s &nd
o;idiBing
&gen"s. This sof"co4er #&n:&% is &4&i%&)%e fro# A%drich 8he#ic&% for
L1C.

5IST O( 2S6(25 3O2S63O5D 836MI8A5S
Anyone c&n ge" #&ny che#ic&%s fro# h&rdw&re s"ores! s:1er#&rke"s!
&nd
dr:g s"ores "o ge" "he #&"eri&%s needed "o 1rod:ce e;1%osi4es or o"her
d&ngero:s co#1o:nds. 3o:seho%d so:rces of"en con"&in i#1:ri"ies which
c&n
h&4e &n &d4erse effec" when :sed in 1yro"echnic re&c"ions. The 1resence
of
i#1:ri"ies wi%% of"en ch&nge "he sensi"i4i"y of &n e;1%osi4e. =hene4er
1ossi)%e! i" is )es" "o :se 1:re "echnic&% gr&de s:11%ies.
8he#ic&% 2sed In A4&i%&)%e &"
&ce"one n&i% 1o%ish r#4r!1&in" "hnr 3&rdw&re!Dr:g
&%coho%! e"hy% &%coho%ic drinks! so%4en"s %i>:or!h&rdw&re
&%:#in:# (foi%) 1&ck&ging! )&king grocery
&%:#in:# (1wdr?d:s") )ronBing 1owder 1&in" s"ore
&##oni:# hydro;ide 856A$ ho:seho%d &##oni& s:1er#&rke"s
&##oni:# ni"r&"e co%d 1&cks!fer"i%iBer dr:g s"ores
):"&ne 8ig. %igh"er refi%%s dr:g s"ore
c&%ci:# ch%oride sidew&%k de9icer h&rdw&re
c&r)on c&r)on )&""er h&rdw&re
e"h&no% den&":red &%coho% dr:g s"ore
e"hy% e"her &:"o >:ick s"&r" f%:id &:"o s:11%y
f:e% oi% diese% 4ehic%es g&s s"&"ions
g%ycerine dr:g s"ores
he;&#ine 3e;&#ine c&#1 s"o4es c&#1ing! s:r1%:s
hydroch%oric &cid #:ri&"ic &cid (c%e&ning) h&rdw&re
hydrogen 1ero;ide h&ir )%e&ching so%:"ion s&%on
iodine disinfec"&n"(so%n in &%coho%)dr:g s"ore
#&gnesi:# fire s"&r"ers! he&"er &nodes c&#1ing!1%:#)ing
#e"hen&#ine he;&#ine c&#1 s"o4es c&#1ing!s:r1%:s
ni"ro:s o;ide whi11ed cre&# c&ns!1o11ers /&s s:11%iers! he&d
sho1s
1o"&ssi:# 1er#&ng&n&"e w&"er 1:rific&"ion 1:rific&"ion
s:11%ier
1ro1&ne )o""%ed s"o4e g&s c&#1ing!h&rdw&re
s:%f:ric &cid 8&r )&""ery (refi%%s) &:"o#o"i4e
s:%f:ric &cid $oo" des"royer (wi"h so%ids) h&rdw&re!g&rden
s:%f:r g&rdening (#&ny i#1:ri"ies) h&rdw&re
sodi:# hydro;ide 5ye! o4en c%e&ners h&rdw&re!grocery
sodi:# ni"r&"e fer"i%iBer Gni"reG g&rdening
sodi:# 1erch%or&"e so%ido; ("orch 1e%%e"s) h&rdw&re
"o%:ene %&c>:er "hinner 1&in" s:11%y
8368K5IST O( 2S6(25 836MI8A5S
The serio:s e;1%osi4es rese&rcher soon re&%iBes "h&" if he wishes
"o #&ke
& "r:%y :sef:% e;1%osi4e! he wi%% h&4e "o o)"&in "he che#ic&%s "hro:gh
&ny of &
n:#)er of ch&nne%s. M&ny che#ic&%s c&n )e ordered "hro:gh che#ic&%
s:11%y
co#1&nies. To &4oid e#)&r&ss#en"! 1%&ce &n order for %&rge >:&n"i"ies of
& few
:nre%&"ed che#ic&%s &" e&ch of se4er&% co#1&nies! &nd if 1ossi)%e! :se
se1er&"e
&ddresses for e&ch order. A %is" of :sef:% che#ic&%s in order of
1riori"y wo:%d
1ro)&)%y rese#)%e "he fo%%owing
5IP2IDS SO5IDS
Ni"ric Acid 7o"&ssi:# 7erch%or&"e
S:%f:ric Acid 7o"&ssi:# 8h%or&"e
*5I 6"h&no% 7icric Acid (1owder)
To%:ene A##oni:# Ni"r&"e
7erch%oric Acid 7owdered M&gnesi:#
3ydroch%oric Acid 7owdered A%:#in:#
7o"&ssi:# 7er#&ng&n&"e
/AS6S S:%f:r (f%owers of)
Merc:ry
7o"&ssi:# Ni"r&"e
3ydrogen 7o"&ssi:# 3ydro;ide
O;ygen 7hos1hor:s
8h%orine Sodi:# ABide
8&r)on Dio;ide 5e&d Ace"&"e
Ni"rogen B&ri:# Ni"r&"e
3e%i:#
(2659ODIDIF6$ MIDT2$6S
There &re ne&r%y &n infini"e n:#)er of f:e%9o;idiBer #i;":res "h&"
c&n )e
1rod:ced in "he ho#e. So#e &re 4ery effec"i4e &nd d&ngero:s! whi%e
o"hers &re
s&fer &nd (:s:&%%y) %ess effec"i4e. A %is" of working f:e%9 o;idiBer
#i;":res
is 1resen"ed! ):" "he e;&c" #e&s:re#en"s of e&ch co#1o:nd &re no" se" in
s"one.
A ro:gh es"i#&"e is gi4en of "he 1ercen"&ges of e&ch f:e% &nd o;idiBer.
NOT6 Mi;":res "h&" :ses s:)s"i":"ions of sodi:# 1erch%or&"e for
1o"&ssi:#
1erch%or&"e )eco#e #ois":re9&)sor)en" &nd %ess s"&)%e. In gener&%!
sodi:#
co#1o:nds &re #:ch #ore hygrosco1ic "h&n "heir 1o"&ssi:# e>:i4&%en"s.
M&gnesi:# c&n :s:&%%y )e s:)s"i":"ed for &%:#in:#. 2sing #&gnesi:#
#&kes
"he #i;":re #ore 1owerf:%! ):" i" &%so incre&ses ins"&)i%i"y &nd #&kes
i" #ore
shock sensi"i4e. There &re so#e che#ic&%s wi"h which #&gnesi:# wi%%
re&c"
s1on"&neo:s%y! &nd i" deco#1oses in "he 1resence of &ny #ois":re.
7erch%or&"es c&n :s:&%%y )e s:)s"i":"ed for ch%or&"es. The
1erch%or&"e is
#:ch #ore s"&)%e! &nd h&s & %ower s&fe"y risk "h&n ch%or&"es. If
ch%or&"es #:s"
)e :sed "hey sho:%d ne4er )e #i;ed wi"h s:%f:r or g:n1owder. I" is &
good ide&
"o &dd & s#&%% &#o:n" of c&%ci:# c&r)on&"e "o &ny #i;":re con"&ining
ch%or&"es.
The higher "he s1eed n:#)er! "he f&s"er "he f:e%9o;idiBer #i;":re
):rns
&f"er igni"ion. A%so! &s & r:%e! "he finer "he 1owder! "he f&s"er "he
):rn r&"e.
6;"re#e%y fine &%:#in:# 1owder is de"ri#en"&% )ec&:se "he %&yer of
&%:#in:# o;ide
)eco#es & signific&n" fr&c"ion of "he weigh" when 1&r"ic%e siBe is 4ery
s#&%%.
As one c&n e&si%y see! "here is & wide 4&rie"y of f:e%9o;idiBer
#i;":res
"h&" c&n )e #&de &" ho#e. By &%"ering "he &#o:n"s of f:e% &nd
o;idiBer(s)!
differen" ):rn r&"es c&n )e &chie4ed! ):" "his &%so c&n ch&nge "he
sensi"i4i"y
of "he #i;":re.
2S6(25 7<$O836MIST$<
In gener&%! i" is 1ossi)%e "o #&ke #&ny che#ic&%s fro# @:s" & few
)&sic
ones. A %is" of :sef:% che#ic&% re&c"ions is 1resen"ed. I" &ss:#es
know%edge
of gener&% che#is"ryK &ny indi4id:&% who does no" :nders"&nd "he
fo%%owing
re&c"ions wo:%d #ere%y h&4e "o re&d "he firs" few ch&1"ers of & high
schoo%
che#is"ry )ook.
1o"&ssi:# 1erch%or&"e fro# 1erch%oric &cid &nd 1o"&ssi:# hydro;ide
K(O3) O 38%O+ K8%O+O 3CO
1o"&ssi:# ni"r&"e fro# ni"ric &cid &nd 1o"&ssi:# hydro;ide
K(O3) O 3NO- KNO-O 3CO
&##oni:# 1erch%or&"e fro# 1erch%oric &cid &nd &##oni:# hydro;ide
N3-O3 O 38%O+ N3-8%O+O 3CO
&##oni:# ni"r&"e fro# ni"ric &cid &nd &##oni:# hydro;ide
N3-O3 O 3NO- N3-NO- O 3CO
1owdered &%:#in:# fro# &cids! &%:#in:# foi%! &nd #&gnesi:#
&%:#in:# foi% O '38%- CA%8% O -3CK
CA%8%-(&>) O -Mg -Mg8%C (&>) O CA%
The A% wi%% )e & 4ery fine si%4ery 1owder &" "he )o""o# of "he
con"&iner which #:s" )e fi%"ered &nd dried. This s&#e #e"hod
works wi"h ni"ric &nd s:%f:ric &cids! ):" "hese &cids &re "oo 4&%:&)%e
in "he 1rod:c"ion of high e;1%osi4es "o :se for s:ch & 1:r1ose!
:n%ess "hey &re &4&i%&)%e in gre&" e;cess.
$e&c"ions of &ssor"ed f:e%9o;idiBer #i;":res
B&%&nced e>:&"ions of so#e o;idiBer?#e"&% re&c"ions. On%y #&@or
1rod:c"s
&re considered. 6;cess #e"&% 1owders &re gener&%%y :sed. This e;cess
):rns wi"h
&"#os1heric o;ygen.
CKNO- O 5Mg KCO O NC O 5MgO O energy
K8%O- O CA% K8% O A%CO- O energy
-K8%O+ O .A% -K8% O +A%CO- O energy
'KMnO+ O 1+A% -KCO O EA%CO- O 'Mn O energy
999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
9999
9 6ND O( T36 BOOK. T3IS IS A77$ODIMAT65< 5IN6 N2MB6$ -!'E, O( T36
TOTA5 9
999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
9999
99
D&4id $ich&rds $i1co 8o##:nic&"ions
Inc.
My o1inions &re #y own! 7:)%ic Access in
8hic&go
B:" "hey &re &4&i%&)%e for ren"&% ($66 2sene" &nd 6#&i%
dr0ri1co.co# (-1C) ''59,,'5