Z_GIS - Centre for Geoinformatics

GIS-based modeling of Solar Radiation

Lab Session
Summer School 2009
Barbara Hochwimmer
Salzburg, 6 July 2009
2 Z_GIS - Centre for Geoinformatics
GIS-based modeling
of Solar Radiation
Subject:
modeling global solar radiation in Salzburg
for a specific geographic area (tool area solar radiation)
for specific points (tool points solar radiation)
Input data:
Digital Elevation Model grid - 50 m
Example points for calculating Points solar radiation
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Solar radiation - general
incoming solar radiation received from the sun, as primary energy source
for several physical and biological processes, is modified by
atmosphere (clouds and dust)
topographic and surface features (slope and aspect)
global solar radiation = sum of direct, diffuse and reflected radiation
direct radiation is the largest component of total radiation
diffuse radiation is the second largest component
reflected radiation constitutes only a small proportion of total radiation (except for
locations surrounded by highly reflective surfaces such as snow cover)
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Solar radiation - general
global solar radiation = sum of direct, diffuse and reflected radiation
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Calculating solar radiation
ArcGIS Solar Radiation in Spatial Analyst Tools
extension does not include reflected radiation
can perform calculations for entire geographic areas (first example) or for point
locations (second example)
First example:
calculate global solar radiation for an area
(city of salzburg) for a year
by calculating for representative days per month
Second example:
calculate global solar radiation for points (four points near Kapuzinerberg) for
one month (August)
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Calculating solar radiation
Calculate global radiation for suggested days per month according to
KLEIN (1977, publication Calculation of monthly average insolation on
tilted surfaces):
month day of the year date
J anuary 17 J anuary, 17
February 47 February, 16
March 75 March, 16
April 105 April, 15
May 135 May, 15
J une 162 J une, 11
J uly 198 J uly, 17
August 228 August, 16
September 258 September, 15
October 288 October, 15
November 318 November, 14
December 344 December, 10
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Calculating solar radiation
Steps:
create File Geodatabase
create Toolbox
create Toolset
create Model
edit Model
run Model to calculate solar radiation
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcCatalog:
1. Create new File Geodatabase
(SolarRadiation)
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcCatalog:
2. Create new Toolbox
(SummerSchool_Toolbox)
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcCatalog:
3. Create new Toolset
(SolarRadiation)
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcCatalog:
4. Create new Model
(monthly_solar_radiation_modelling_day)
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap:
1. Create new Project
2. Show ArcToolbox Window
3. Add Created Toolbox
SummerSchool_Solar_Toolbox
4. Add Data (salzburg50, points_kapuzinerberg)
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation
3.
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap:
Edit model for one of 12 represent days:
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap:
Edit model for one of 12 represent days ModelBuilder window:
Model properties store relative path names !
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap:
Edit model for one of 12 represent days
What do we want to calculate in our Model?
calculate solar radiation for a specific geographic area
calculate solar radiation for specific representative days to get global radiation per year
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation
16 Z_GIS - Centre for Geoinformatics
ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap Edit model for one of 12 represent days
Insert process we want to execute in the ModelBuilder window per Drag &Drop
ArcToolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Solar Radiation Area Solar Radiation
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Area Solar Radiation)
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap ModelBuilder window Solar Radiation:
for easier editing make variables from input parameters (time configuration, transmittivity,
diffuse proportion, latitude, )
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Area Solar Radiation)
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap Open (edit) Area Solar Radiation Area Solar Radiation Window
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Area Solar Radiation)
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap Edit model for one of 12 represent days:
Input parameters:
Digital Elevation Model of Salzburg (raster dataset)
Latitude (filled out automatically when selecting input raster)
Time configuration
Topographic Parameters (slope and aspect input type FROM_DEM)
Radiation Parameters
Diffuse proportion (Default 0.3)
Transmittivity (Default 0.5)
The fraction of radiation that passes through the atmosphere. Values range from 0 (no transmission)
to 1 (all transmission). Default 0.5 clear sky
Diffuse model type (STANDARD_OVERCAST_SKY)
The proportion of global normal radiation flux that is diffuse. This value schould be set
according to atmospheric conditions. Default 0.3 clear sky conditions
Optional Outputs:
Direct, diffuse radiation raster
Direct duration raster
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Area Solar Radiation)
meteorological data necessary for
more detailed value definition !!
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ArcMap - ModelBuilder window model for one of 12 represent days
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Area Solar Radiation)
input parameter
2
derived data
3
input data 1
2
2
3
1
model parameter
(for further calculations)
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GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Area Solar Radiation)
ArcMap copy model for all 12 representative days
change time configuration (day of year) in each model
change outputs (file-names) in each model
Calculating global solar radiation per year:
put 12 models together in one model (Drag & Drop) only model parameters
(here direct and diffuse radiation) will be transferred in new model
process Single Output Map Algebra
(Spatial Analyst Tools Map Algebra)
summarize results of 12 input models
RUN entire model
Result - global area solar radiation per year
in city of Salzburg
22 Z_GIS - Centre for Geoinformatics
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Area Solar Radiation)
ArcMap create hillshade from Digital Elevation Model
Spatial Analyst Tool Surface - Hillshade
for visualization - result of solar radiation
Result - Area Solar Radiation / year
extent - city of Salzburg
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ArcGIS Solar radiation in Spatial Analyst Tools :
Second Example Points Solar Radiation
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Points Solar Radiation)
position
sample points
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ArcGIS Solar radiation in Spatial Analyst Tools Steps:
ArcMap create new Model
(Model properties store relative path names !)
What do we want to calculate in our Model?
calculate solar radiation for specific points
calculate solar radiation for one example month (August)
GIS based modelling
of Solar Radiation (Points Solar Radiation)
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap ModelBuilder window
Insert process we want to execute in the ModelBuilder window per Drag &Drop
ArcToolbox SpatialAnalystTools Solar Radiation Points Solar Radiation
GIS based modeling
of Solar Radiation (Points Solar Radiation)
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap Open (edit) Points Solar Radiation Points Solar Radiation Window
GIS based modeling
of Solar Radiation (Points Solar Radiation)
days of year:
213 to 243 August 2009
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap (Non-Standard)-Parameter in Points Solar Radiation-Tool:
Height offset 6 (in meters) (height of constructions)
above the DEM surface for which calculations are to be performed
Day interval 1
time interval through the (here) month used for calculation
Slope and aspect input type FROM_ DEM (Default)
slope and anspect grids are calculated from the input surface raster
Diffuse model type STANDARD_OVERCAST_SKY
standard overcast diffuse model. The incoming diffuse radiation flux varies with zenith angle.
GIS based modeling
of Solar Radiation (Points Solar Radiation)
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap Model Points Solar Radiation
GIS based modeling
of Solar Radiation (Points Solar Radiation)
1b
1a
derived data
2
input data
a example points
b Digital Elevation Model grid 50 m
1
2
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap RUN Model Points Solar Radiation
Result - global solar radiation on 4 example points (August 2009)
point shape
GIS based modeling
of Solar Radiation (Points Solar Radiation)
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ArcGIS solar radiation tools in Spatial Analyst Steps:
ArcMap Result Points Solar Radiation
GIS based modeling
of Solar Radiation (Points Solar Radiation)
attribute table
T0 value of solar radiation
at specific points in Wh/m
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Calculation - area solar radiation per year
by 12 representative days of months according to KLEIN
extent city of Salzburg
Calculation points solar radiation per month (August)
4 points around Kapuzinerberg
GIS based modeling
of Solar Radiation - summary
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GIS-based modeling of Solar Radiation
Lab Session
Summer School 2009
Barbara Hochwimmer
Thank you for your attention!