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Numbered Archaeological Locations
1. Demircihyuk, Kalintas, Kutahaya, Dorylaeum;
2. Orman Fidanligi, Eskisehir, Keskaya, Asmainler;
3. Asikli Hyk, Gelveri;
4. Nigde, Ksk Hyk, Bolkardag (Maden Sites); [Istanbuler
Mitteilungen, Band 47, 1997, p.10] The city of Kaysalin (Caesarea)
was near Gurgum.
5. Located in central Turkey, the region of old Pisidia, near
Antioch. West of Iconium are the locations of Eflatun Pinar,
Fasillar, and a little east of these are Konya and Karahyk.
The city of Iconium, #5, is also called Lycaonia in Galatia.
6. This points to Hierapolis near Laodicea.
7. The Roman city of Aphrodisias, the synagogue remains can be
seen in BAR, Sept. 1986, p. 54.
8. Aegea, in the region of Verghina, was the first capital of the
Macedonian King Philip II (359-336 BC), had a mount where his
gold objects were found. [`The Adventure of Archaeology', p.
313ff.] Right close to Aegea was Pella.
9. The islands of Samothrace.
10. Arbil is located just a few miles SEE of Mossul. Visited EA's
Mesos site.
11 Marmaris, the peninsula is Caria; Located from 12 Pinara
to 13 Kemer are Roman period remains at Gemiler Island, Tlos,
Letoum, Xanthus, Patara, Kalkan, Aperiae, Kerova Isld., Myra,
Finike, Olympus & Phaselis; 14 Termessus; South of Termessus
near Perga is Attaleia/Antalya. [Archaeology, July 1995, p.
57.]; 15 Platea - is located above Athens on the Gulf to Thebes.
Continuing numbering starting with number 21:
Adjacent Areas not numbered: East of the Bosporus at Bregli is
Heraclea/Heracles Pontica. To the SE of Sinope at Samsun is
Amisus, near Masat is Amasia and a little south is Zela, east of
which is the Kingdom of Polemon. Near Hattushash is Tavium.
21 (# not shown) Izmit is also Nicomedia, Troy is also Troas.
22 - ancient Perachora on small peninsula of Achaia, area of
Corinth (BAR Nov/2000, p. 80), south of it was Cenchreae; Near
Corinth was also: NW Sicyon; N Lechaeum; E Cromna,
Cenchreae, Isthmia, Schoenus.


1H Tell Fakhariyah (BA, Dep 1990, p. 149); Near Gozan is
Wassukanni (BA, Sep. 1989, p. 78.), also near is Tell Sweyhat
discussed in the issue located here.
Unnumbered locations include: (1) Karatepe and Samal (Sam'al)
west of Zincirli. Kltepe (Kueltepe) is also called Kanes. (2) The

`Bay of Trianda' is located by Ialysos at Rhodes Island off the SW
corner of Turkey.
Andros Island, south of Athens, was were archaeologists found in
1914 a five story high farm fortification tower with cantilavered
stairs to climb up on it.
Thera, also known as Santorini, with its ancient city of Akrotiri, is
a picturesque shell of a blown up volcanic island just north of
Crete. For a full page image from a high point across the sea to the
opposite shore of the horse shoe shaped island see BAR, Vol.
XVII, Jan/Feb 1991, p. 40 and Bernard Knapp, `Bronze Age
Mediterranean Island Cultures and the Ancient Near East' in BA,
Part 1, Vol. 55, June 1992, p. 55-72; Part 2, Vol. 55, Sept 1992, p.
112-128; featuring a B&W aerial image of the Palace at Knossos, a
plan of the excavated area of the city, the beautifully graceful wall
painting of two antelopes, a color photo of large storage jars, the
beautiful `Marseille Ewre', lead weight denominations and the
town of Lindos, Ialysos and (the Bay of) Trianda on Rhodes.
Hittite Korucutepe
The detailed archaeological reports on the excavations and finds
featuring many images of their often artfully designed pottery at
Korucutepe are presented in three large volumes in Maurits N. van
Loon (ed.), `Korucutepe', North Holland Publ., 1980. See also Jan
Bouzek (ed.), `Anatolian Collection of Charles University', Prague,
1974. This book discusses: Megarian, Kyme pottery/fragments;
workshops: i.e. Erotes, Paniscus, Little Eagles, Smyrna, leaf &
petal bowls, palm & acanthus leaves, flowers, moulds, geometric,
braziers, stamped amphora handles and terracottas. The History
and topography of Kyme, according to their reports, was `the most
important and powerful of the Aeolian cities on the seaboard of
Asia Minor'. It talks about Kyme of the 4th century BC; i.e
Pharnabazos and his loss of Kyme in 398 BC, Agesilaos taking
over command of Spartan troops in 396 BC, the murder of
Tissapherens by Tithraustes in 395 BC. Mentions the defeat of
Agesilaos' choice of commander, the brother of his wife
Peisandros, who died in -394 in a naval battle against Konon and
Pharnabazos. Plate 18 shows what is described as a Late Geometric
crater (GP1) among Hellenistic and Roman wares from Kyme.
Just to the west of Korucutepe was Kltepe located, also known as
Kanes.
Cities of Babylonia
`During the early part of 1875, a number of antiquities were
discovered by Arabs on the banks of the river `Shat-el-Hie' in
southern Babylonia/Iraq. These were taken to Baghdad. ... The ca.
40 mile long `Shat-el-Hie', or River of Hie, is/was a stream which
joins the Tigris and Euphrates, and forms a natural boundary
between the marshes of the lower delta. ... It leaves the Tigris at the
village of Kut Amarah, about 241 miles above the junction point of
the Tigris and Euphrates ca. 90 miles above Kurna. It winds its
way through the marshes until it reaches the ruins of Nashayet,
which mark the ruins of some ancient town. The 630 square mile
territory inside this triangle was the province of Bit Dukkari. The
mound of Nashayet was called by the Arabs `Zerghoul', probably
the ancient `Zirgulla'. Zirgulla was one of the more ancient cities of
Babylonia. A few miles to the west, on the east bank of the
Euphrates, lay Uruki or Erech, also known as the ruins of
Warka. On the west bank of the Euphrates, and almost opposite the
mouth of the Shat-el-Hie lay Uru or Ur, now represented by the
mounds of Mughier, Babylon and Nippur [Nat. Geogr., `The
Adventure of Archaeology', (NGAA), 1985, p. 17]. The Calneh of
Genesis were situated a few miles north of this group.' [Adapted in
part from W.C. Boscawen, `On Some Early Babylonian or Akkadian
Inscriptions'in TSBA, Vol. VI, 1878, p. 275-(276)-283]
The location of Eridu is also known as Abu Shahrain. The river
canal connecting the Tigris with the Euphrates, between south of
Jemdet Nasr and Ur is known as the Shatt al Hai. About 12 km
along its eastern bank lies Lagash also known as Tello. Opposite
from it on the western side of the Shatt el-Hai
lies Umma (Djokha), Kissura (Abu-Hatab)
and Shuruppak (Fara).
French excavation teams worked at Tello finding items such as the
so-called Jemdet Nasr period assigned (1) Statue Prsargonique,
which shows a male figure on his knees with hands behind his back
and what looks like snakes wrapped around his arms and
underneath his tightly held arm pits with their heads near his beard;
(2) the statue of the `Adorant de Stamboul', (3) the `Entmna'
figure with its missing head, ceramic pieces and amulets. It may be
that several of these general or even more specific areas or regions
received the name of well known people like Nimrod (Ur-Nammu)
and laterAmraphel (Amar Sin) of the time of Abraham, whose
family migrated from Ur to Haran (Paddan-Aram?) and from there
to Canaan.
From the area of Prsargoniques come the reliefs of Dudu, the
`Stele des Vautours', the inscriptions of `Enhegal' and also Gudea.
Some of the grotesque finds includes clay figure heads, animal and
human, with their tongue out.
The following towns were located close to Babylon and/ or
Borsippa: Sippara (Sura, Pumbedita, Neharde'a according to Talmud II,
118, 281), Kish, Deylam/ Dilbat, Mukhattat, Duwayr, and Rishad.
[See BA, J. Armstrong, `West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the
Babylonian city of Dilbat', Dec, 1992, p. 219-225-233. Images
include Kassite period burial pottery, early Dynastic III/ Akkadian
burial wares, copper pin & braclets.]
In the Dur Sharrukin/ Erbil area was also Niniveh, Tepe Gawra,
M'lefaat, Arbela; Near Arapha was Jarmo & Nuzi.
Locations in Asia Minor - Gordion
The Hermus River flows to the aegean Sea by Thyatyra; The
Menderes R. was also called Maeander R.; in Phrygia (between
Lydia and Galatia), in the the old named Lycus River area, near
Laodicea was Colossia, Hierapolis and Beycesultan. The Apostle
Paul's letter to Colossians is the most Christ centered epistle in all
the Bible.; By is the Sangarius R.;
Velikovsky wrote: "The Phrygian kingdom was crossed by the
river Sangarius (modern Sakarya); its eastern frontier was along the
Halys River (modern Kizil Irmak). Gordion's ruins are about 50
miles southwest of Ankara and 85 more miles from Boghazkoi
(Hattusas). It was the seat of King Gordias, the founder of the
dynasty, and of King Midas of legendary fame - everything he
touched turned to gold." [I. Velikovsky, `Ramses II and His Time', p.
153]
In Gordion vases signed by Klitias and Ergotimos were found in a
layer contemporary with the Hittite Empire. In the entire Asia
Minor Phrygian remnants are consistently found in deeper strata
than the Hittite remnants of the Empire period. Also on Greek
sculptures there are Hittite hieroglyphs. Greek authors, Homer
included, do not know about Hittites in Asia Minor.
The city of Antalya (and its well known Kursunlu waterfall) is
located near the ancient town of Perga on the shores of the
Mediterranean Sea.
Smyrna
Near Smyrna is also a place called `Clazomenae', KMT, Spring
2006, p. 26.
Near Smyrna are also the cliffs where a new script was found to
which the philologist A.H. Sayce traveled in 1879 in order to make
impressions of the script. What others called Hittite script, he
called Hamathite script (a town in the area), and at CIAS we would
call it not Hamathite or Hittite, but rather Chaldean script. [Time-
Life Books, `The Empire Builders', 1974, p. 39.]
Therme is also known as Thessalonica of New Testament times.
Archaeologists found on Friday, January 13, 1989 a damaged
cylinder seal at the Mesopotamian site inside Iraq of the once lost
ancient city of Mashkan-shapir which had the name of this city
written in cuneiform in its text. Mashkan-shapir is located just west
of Kish and north of Nippur. [For the image of the cylinder and a map
see BAR, Vol. XV, Jul/Aug 1989, p. 50-52.]
Additional List of Regions and Cities
Amphipolis is locate between Therme and Philippi in Macedonia.
The ostensibly Hittite town of Alisar (as opposed to Alisar in
Lebanon or Syria) is located between the two parallel flowing
Kizilirmak (Halys R.) and the more easternYesilirmak Rivers near
the end of the word Hattushash on our map. The `Pontic
Mountains' stretch between Nicaea in the west to Alaca huyuk in
the east. The site of Gordion (Yassihyk) seems to be not certain
for some maps show it to the west of Ankara.
Around Lake Van is the region of the Urartian locations. Among
them are: The Van Citadel on top of the rocky Bastam mountain,
Adikeraz, Ayanis and Toprakkale. [Paul Zimansky, An Urartian
Ozymandias in BA, Jun 1995, p. 94-100.]
Armenia: Armenian territory has shifted considerably over the
ages. One of its old capitals was Ani in eastern Turkey. Ancient
church structures mark or marked the site. Armenia was the first
official Christian nation keeping the seventh day-Sabbath as a
memorial of Creation since the 2nd century AD. A more recent
capital of Armenia is Echmiadzin, the location of a cathedral and
the seat of the Armenian patriarch. In Soviet Armenia worship
services are held on Sabbaths and Sundays. The Armenian church
in Jerusalem has a plaque over the door reading, `Convent
Armeniens Jacobee'.
Black Sea Region: The eastern Black Sea city of Volni was part of
the kingdom of Colchi, today's Georgia.
Bulgaria: Ancient or old historic sites of Bulgaria include Plovdiv
itself and Panagyurishte (site of a fabulous treasure [1500] located
20 miles north of the road from Sofia to Plovdiv), ancient
settlements at Stara Zagora and the Thracian Burial Tomb of
Kazanluk/ Kazanlak.
The Location of Catalhoyuk is near Lystra in central Turkey. The
nearby town of Iconium is probably named so according to the
name of `Konya' also located there. For a view of the locations see
Michael Balter & Shahina Farid, Catalhoyuk in Odyssey,
May/June 2005, p. 17-(19)-25 and 26-32. The article shows a bird's
eye view of the 32 acre mound of Catalhoyuk, site color photos and
artists renditions of the walls.
Paros: On the island of Paros archaeologists found an ancient
cemetery of ca. 730 BC soldiers burials, painted vases, etc. [For
images see Foteini Zafeiropopoulou & Anagnostis
Agelarakis, Warriors of Paros in Archaeology, Jan/Feb 2005, p.
30-35.
Aorsi is a name for the low lands bordering the Caspian Sea to its
north to north-western regions.
Lefkandi is located on Euboea/Euboia Island off the coast of
Greece. It is also known as Xeropolis and is an ancient site near
Chalcis/Chalkida, Vasilial/ Vassiliko and Eritria on that Island.
Mt. Lykaion is located between Mycenae and Pylos [See Nicos
Papahatzis, Mycenae-Epidaurus Tiryns-Nauplion, 1978]. The
location of Tripolis is located just south of Mycenae. The river
flowing through Sparta is called Eurotas R. following the Taygetos
Mountains.
Riblah - It was probably located 80 km south of Hamath alongside
the Orontes River. Scriptures are: Numb. 34:11; 2.Kings 23:33;
25:6,20,21; Jer. 39:5,6; 52:9,10,26,27.
Salonika - Located right by Therme in Macedonia.
Samsun - is the old Black Sea town of `Amisos'. Nearby is the
village of Zilleh (ancient Zela) not far from which is, according to
Strabo, the artificial tumulus of Semiramus. [See PSBA, Dec.
1882, p. 41.]
Ekrek is the older name of a place in Turkey also known as
Agarak (See here:
"http://www.virtualani.freeserve.co.uk/magazberd/").
Tyana is located in Turkey near where we read Gurgum.
Calah/Kalak (modern Nimrud) is located just south of Niniveh.
From there seems to have come a statue of Shamsi-Adad V., son of
Shalmaneser III.[Sieh Hartmut Schmkel, `Ur, Assur und Babylon',
Stuttgart, 1958, Tafel 91.]
The Cycladic Islands are located just SE of Athens. Recently on
the Island of Kythnos an `unplundered' temple's adyton (innermost
shrine) was discovered and explored by Alexander Mazarakis and
members of the University of Thessalia. See Archaeology, Mar
2003, p. 12.
The possible meaning of the name or location(s)
of Tarshish or Tharshish. a) The town of Taressus near Gibralta
in southern Spain, if it may be the same as Tartessos (1.Kings
10:22; 2.Chr. 9:21); b) the name refers to a particular type of a well
constructed ship; c) a son of Javan and grandson of Noah (Gen.
10:4l 1.Chr. 1:7); d) one of the seven princes of Persia (Esther
1:14; e) a descendant of Benjamin (1.Chr. 7:10).
The city of Gozan or `Guzana (Tell Halaf)' in Syria, east of
Carchemish, is mentioned in 2.Kings 17:6. [BA, Sept. 1988, p.
172f]
Ashurnasirpal is said to have first brought the eastern Azuma
Valley, the (because of its passes) highly defensible Sulaimania
Valley, under his control in 2 campaigns. In the west he turned
against the Aramean state with its capital of Bit Adni, also known
as `Til-Barsip' (modern TellAhmar), south of Carchemish.
The City of Vizye, ancient Bizye (Turkey), is the site where a 10 x
8 inch 1st century AD Roman soldier's visage with cheeked helmet
was found in a grave tumulus. The artwork is described as follows:
Scylla. the destroyer of Odysseu's ship, adorns the visor, while
Nike, the goddess of victory, graces each of the cheek guards. The
two-piece helmet is held together by a hinge at the forehead. The
City of Bizye was home to the mythological Thracian king Tereus,
one of the sons of Ares, the god of war. It was also one of the last
Thracian capitals before Thrace was annexed by Rome in 44 or 46
BC. [For the image from the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul
see BAR, Vol. 33, No. 5, p. 88.]
Nicea/Nicias is a suburb of Piraeus, the harbor town of Athens,
Greece.

The city of Urkesh (Tell Mozan), west of Tell Leilan, has been
identified as the `first Hurrian capital'. See NEA, Vol. 60, 1997, p.
77-96.
The Tower of Babel
Leaving the area where the ark came to rest, the people headed
west toward the land of Shinear. There they began to construct the
famous Tower of Babel. Coming from the east, a likely spot for it
may have been in a beautiful valley north of the bend of the
Euphrates River and the city of Urfa (near Sultantepe), and near
`Nimrud Da'.
Volcanoes in Turkey
In excavations of early settlements in the region of eastern and
central Turkey, and western Iran and the USSR (the area which
once was called "Ararat, or Urartu"), many tools and other objects
have been found which were made out of obsidian which is found
in and by volcanoes. Because of the unique trace elements found in
obsidian it is possible to match specimens found in settlements
with sources whose obsidian exhibits the same trace elements. And
these analyses show that the earliest settlements in this region
obtained their obsidian from Nemrut Da , the volcano on the north
side of Lake Van, about 70 miles south of Mt.
Ararat.[http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/statue/86/babel1.htm]
Locations in Iraq
The ancient city of `Erech' was located on the east side of the
Euphrates near Larsa. It is considered to be one of the cities of
Nimrod's kingdom in the land of Shinar, and thought to be the
same as Orcho, 82 miles south and 43 east of Babylon, and
thought also to be called Warka, Irke and Irak. It was the
necropolis of the Assyrian kings, the whole neighborhood being
covered with mounds, and strewed with bricks and coffins.
The Zagros Mountains
The Zagros Mountain chains run NW to SE between Baghdad and
Teheran. These mountains form a natural barrier between Iran and
Iraq and have been from ages ago traveled by caravans. On the
Iranian/Persian side the city of Hamadan served as a destination
point. It is the city in which the supposed tomb of Esther and
Mordechai is located. The `Zagros Mountain Gate' was a natural
mountain pass near which is found the `Rock of Behistan' with the
relief inscriptions of Darius, King of Persia. He is shown
accompanied by two of his officials, Gobarwa, holding a spear, and
Aspatshina, holding a bow and quiver. Before him are
representatives of his conquest. Underneath his foot lies the dead
Gomata, standing before him are: 1st Asina, 2nd Riditbera, 3rd
Farwartish, 4th Martija, 5th Tchitrantachma, 6th Wahisdata, 7th
Aracha, 8th Irada & 9th Skunka (from the German).
Lycia
This region is the rounded projection of southern Turkey around
the town of Xanthus. We provide here for the record the names of
ancient locations from a German map, most of them probably
unimportant, situated in this region starting from the upper West of
Xanthus to the East and first are the coastal towns (in
italics): Telmessos, Carmylessos, Pydnai, Patara, Megisto,
Antiphellos, Sura, Aperlae, Andriake, Myra, Tagai, Olympos,
Phaselis, Asar Bay; going more inland now again from West to
East: Kadyanda, Oinoanda, Tlos, Xanthos, Phellos, Kandyba,
Kyanai, Arneai, Limyra, Rhodiapolis, Kordylla & Idebessos. Ca.
40 km East of Asar Bay is Cape Gelidonya. [Theodor Kluge, `Die
Lykier' in Der Alte Orient, Leipzig 1910, p. 3.] Myra is located on
the Mediterranean coast and the site where numerous tombs are
located of the Lycian culture which indicate ancestor
worship.[BAR, Mar 2008, p. 88]
Cilicia
Cilicia was located between Lystra in the west and Tarsus in the
east. A well known location is the Amanus range, a spur from the
Taurus Mountains of Turkey which extends toward the southwest
and is located to the east of the Ceyhan River which itself flows
parallel and east of the Seyhan River [2000]. When the Amanus
meets the Mediterranean Sea the deep Bay of Iskenderun is formed
along it's western frontline. A
narrow coastline between the
foothills of the Amanus
range and the sea, leads to
the south, through the
villages of Iskenderun
(Ugarit) and then
Myriandrus. These were little
fishing villages although they
had good deepwater harbors.
The area was just out of the
way for the usual trade route.
Behind Iskenderun to the
east the Amanus range rises
to as much as 5000 feet above sea level, and rather quickly at that,
and drops abruptly into the sea in the west. There is, however, a
pass through the range which separates the Amanus from the
Casius range (Mount al-Aqra') farther south. This pass, the
celebrated Syrian Gates, leads to the Orontes gorge, and the
Orontes river. Access to Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia was
through these gates. Royal names from Cilicia included:
Tarkondemos (as found embossed on coins bearing the numerals ||
2 and ||-100) and his son by the same name. [PSBA, Nov. 2, 1880,
p. 6.]
`Midian' or `Media' seems to describe (1) the vast desert like
territory from today's Persia, Iraq in an arch to Transjordan (east of
the Jordan River) down the Wadi el-Sirhan and east of the Red Sea
into Saudi Arabia, Mt. Sinai, Jebel el Lawz.
(2) A citadel called Midea in the NE Peloponnese, connected with
old Greek history as discovered by Gisela Wahlberg. See picture of
the citadel (pile of rocks) in `Archaeology', May/Jun 1995, p. 22.
She found there in a niche in the wall of the megaron a necklace
with colorful glazed beads and 3 large sword pommels decorated
with carved ivory or stone.
Moab concentrated especially on the plateau east of the Dead Sea
between the wadis Arnon and Zared (probably Wadi el Hesa),
though during certain periods extending to the north of the Arnon
River (Deut. 1:5; Num. 22-25).
Locations of Theaters
1. A theater seems to have been located in Jerusalem on the basis
of an anciently inscribed, round bone `ticket' found by Nahman
Avigad in Jerusalem whose Greek inscription reading: "XIII, ptera,
`id", was also found on a stone written very close to that on the
bone. The stone was found as part of an `Ummayad period wall
dismantled by Ronny Reich and Y. Billig. Some of the stones
discovered had unusual channels and niches and some were
inscribed stones bearing signs indicating the row and seat and
whom it may have belonged to. See R.Reich & Y.Billig, `Triple
Play - The Many Lives of Jerusalem's Building Blocks' in BAR,
Vol. 28, Sep/Oct 2002, p. 40-(46)-47.
2. The theaters of a) Myra in Lycia, b) of Patara, c) of Aspendus
(Turkey), d) of Side can be seen in D.G. Hogarth, `Accident's of the
Antiquary's Life', London 1910, p. 49, 54, 121, 118.
Locations on Crete: Near Knossos we find Heraklion, Amnisos,
Nirou Khani, Mt. Juktas, Isopata, Eilythyia, Mallia; Near Phaistos
we find Hagia Galene, Hagia Triada, the Plain of Messara; On the
western northern shore we find Khania and Zakros; On the eastern
shore we find Palaikastro and Zakros. Site names, location
unknown at this time, Pseira.[H.E.L.Mellersh, `Minoan Crete', N.Y.,
1967.; BA, Dec 88. p. 198.]
Ancient Median locations in Persia/Iran include: from Mannae
(biblical Minni, Jer. 51:27) in the north to Elippi in the southern
Zagros Mountains. The eastern border has been associated with a
Mount Bikni ("the lapis lazuli mountain"), a site on the road to
Badakshan. This has usually been identified with the towering
`Mount Demavand' east of Teheran or with `Mount Elvend' near
Hamdan. [Edwin M. Yamauchi, `Persia and the Bible', 1990, p.
41.]


Syrian Locations
The location of Arpad/ Arphad ("strong") from the records of
Sargon is understood to be located 13 miles (20 km) north of
Aleppo (Isaiah 26:19; Jer. 42:23).
The location of Samerina in the annals of Tiglath-Pileser III
is Simurrum and not Samaria.
Arslan Tash/Hadatu is located near Aleppo and Carablus at
36.825447 N latitude and 38.018112 E longitude.
Sidon & Tyre were known in antiquity as Keftiu, in that we agree
with that identification by Wilhelm Doerpfeld.
Hamoukar. An ancient city, said to be located at the upper edges
of the Tigris and Euphrates Valley, has been discovered and
thought to be Hamoukar. Unfortunately wild date gestimates throw
a palor of scholarly extravagance on the affair. [Fox News, 11-4-
09.]
Pethor (means `southsayer' and also `petros' stone), was the
hometown of the false prophet `Balaam', Numb. 22:4,5; Deut. 23:4,
a forunner of Simon Magus. It was located near the Euphrates
River and the mountains of Aram in Mesopotamia. It was a few
kilometers south of Carchemish, perhaps near `Til-Barsip'.


Jordanian Locations
The Islamic period location of Umer-Rases (Ancient Kastron
Mefaa) about 30 km SE of Madaba (near Hesban) situated on high
plateau and visible for 20 km covers 3 hectares (7.5 acres). In a
church numerous mosaics were found dating to the time of Bishop
Sergius (ca. 587 AD), a mosaic of the Palestinian city `Neapolis'
was found, also artwork from 756 and 785. The mosaocist
Staurachios of Hesban was attested. The Church of St. Stephen
(next to Umer R.) yielded the location names of Charachmoba,
Areopolis, Belemounta, Esbounta, Madaba, Philadelphia
(Amman), Limbon, Diblaton and the Nile cities of Pilousin and
Anticiaou. Other mosaics show the name of Jerusalem, Neapolis,
Sebastis, Caesarea and the Nile cities of Panau, Kynopolis,
Alexandria, Tamiathis and Pseudostomon.


The Land of Marmarica
The best known locality of the district of Marmarica is Marsa
Matruh between Egypt and Lybia on the Mediterranean coast. See
Oric Bates, Semitic Traces in Marmarica in PSBA, Nov. 1915, p.
201-207; Includes several plates of semitic sherds.


The Archaeology of Iran
61. This points to the Kerah, Kerkah (Kercha) River, anciently
known as the Ulai River flowing past the city of Susa, Daniel
8:2,16.; Luckenbill, ARA, ch. ix, par. 862, p. 333; mentions "With
corpses I blocked the Ulai."
The city of Hasanlu has emerged as of some significance because
some of the artifacts found there are known from the time or area
of Ashurnasirpal (II) or Shalmaneser (III). The ivory artifacts
discovered bring `Hasanlu' right close up to the 9th century BC
`Ivory Age'. Among these are the following small items:
1. a fragmented, well carved relief plaque.
2. a woman next to a tower apparently under siege.
In the vicinity of Hamadan/Iran/Persia were also the `Trilingual
Tablets' discovered on the rocks of a mountain. Some say Hamadan
was Ecbatana. The tombs of the Persian kings are at Naqsh-i-
Rustan, the location of which we have not yet determined, but it
may have been closer to Susa or Persepolis.
We learn that in `Assyrian' relief art horses are commonly
represented as galloping, in `North Syria' they are commonly
represented with all four feet planted on the ground.
Illustrations shown include:
01. A B&W aerial photo of Hasanlu from 1962 showing a)
`Burned Building II' not completely excavated, b) BBI, c) BB III
and d) the perimeter of the Period IV fortifications.
02. a floor plan of BBII.
03. thefragments of an Assyrian type relief.
04. a handle incised with lotu flowers.
05. fragment of an Assyrian style plaque showing the legs of an
ostrich and on of its wings,
06. a 3 inch square silver with gold overlay ornament from Zincirli,
North Syria,
07. fragments of two sphinx pyxides,
08. a fragmentary ivory pedestal with a lions head,
09. two fragments of a head of a man,
10. a drawing of a silver beaker showing in stylized fashion a team
of horses spanned to a chariot with a warrior and a charioteer, men
walking and leading a horse, man with a bow and a confrontation
between a horned long tail creature and a lion like creature.
11. two ivory fragments of a chariot battle scene,
12. horseman with a spear riding over an enemy,
13. ivory fragments of bowmen, 14. a woman next to a tower,
15. two confronting lions (paws not touching),
16. the impression of a Mitannian seal from Tepe Giyan, Iran,
17. two fragments of an ivory lion griffin,
18. a 1 5/8 inches heigh fragment of a womans face from just
below the eyes to the bottom of the neck,
19. two different goblets with a nipple base, a terracotta glazed cup,
a cosmetic stand, a limestone mace head with gold inlays, a
different type of a mace head, a vessel of Jasper conglomerate,
pendants, fibulae.
[See Oscar White Muscarella, `Hasanlu 1964' in The
Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Nov 1966, p. 120-135.]
Mt. Nisir, Iran, is located a few miles east of Hasanlu. The town of
Nuzi was located about between Arrapha and Kirkuk, Assyria.
Patino: The small island in the Greek archipelago named Patino
had the name `Patmos' in the days of the New Testament writers.
Here is where the apostle John was under arrest by Roman
authorities in 96 A.D.

Notes & References
[1500] The golden treasures of Panagyurishte include 9 gold
masterpieces of 8 vases and a cup or phiala weighing together 13
pounds. Seven of the vases were rhytons and one was both, a
rhyton and an amphora. A phiala is a shallow cup or bowl used
almost exclusively for pagan libations. Examples were found in
Egypt, Assyria (Khorsabad palace) and in Phoenicia. Also
numerous examples were found not used for religious rites. It was
the right thing to do for rich pilgrims to leave a silver or gold
phiala at the sanctuary they visited. The temples of Apollo at Delos
possessed no less than 1600 at the beginning of the 2. century AD.
Sadly paganism produced things which tended to glorify man, they
had forgotten that man invented deities could not explain life, the
world or salvation and, therefore, were given over to their own
imaginations, not infrequently, probably regularly, resulting in
perversions and human sacrifices as they did at Carthage and other
Phoenician sites. Phoenicia, the birth place of Jezebel/ Nefertiti,
had colonies around the Mediterranean Sea. At Carthage was were
Ba'al Hammon was idolized in fear, with no hope in sight. [See
Eydoux, Henry Paul, The Buried Past, 1966.]
[2000] Between 1945-1947 in the neighborhood of Oaratepe on the
Ceyhan River (classical Pyramos), in the easternmost part of
Cilicia, near its border with classical Syria, a long bilingual
inscription (ca. 725 BC) in Phoenician and Hittite-Hieroglyphic
was found. This represents the solemn declaration by Azitawadd,
King of the Danunians, on the founding of a new city
at Karatepe named after the founder (Asitawandas). A century
later King Kilamuwa of Sam'al also made an inscription. These
kingdoms had more than one name, Azitawadd called his people
Danunians (Dnnym), the same name used by Kilamuwa. The
country he called, Plain of Adana (`mq 'dn), after the old city of
Adana which still exists under that name. As his royal residence he
mentions P`r - a city known to the Assyrian king Shlamaneser III
as Pahri, a royal city of the kingdom of Qaua (Ass. Que), which
lay precisely in eastern Cilicia, beyond Mt. Amanus, and is
therefore identical with the state of the `Plain of Adana'. Bossert
identified P'r-Pahri with the modern town of Misis, Mopsuhestia
of Hellenistic times, lower down on the Ceyhan River (just east of
the Seyhan River), and connected by the Greeks with a hero of
their mythology, the seer Mopsos. Azitawadd mentions 3 times in
his inscription "the house of M ps", apparently in the sense of the
royal dynasty to which he belonged. [Astour, M., Hellenosemitica,
Leiden, 1965, p. 1-2.]
[3000] George M.A. Hanfmann, Excavations at Sardis in BASOR,
Apr 1959, p. 5-35. Tombs like the Mausoleum grave (grave 61.14)
and the `peacock-tomb', which was decorated with colorful images
of birds, flowers and garlands, resembles that of the Christian
barrel-vaulted tombs east of the muasoleum of Claudia Antonia
Sabina. Items of the burial were disperesed over the earth floor.
Human skeletal remains showed the adult was under sixty years of
age. Coins found ranged from Honorius (393-423 AD) to Phocas
(602-610 AD), see BASOR, Apr 1962, No. 166, p. 33.

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