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Precast prestressed concrete beam with non-standard section.

Calculations for the stresses at the Serviceability Limit State ( SLS )
to BS5400 : Part 4 : 1990 implemented by D.Tp. Departmental Standard
BD 24/92.

Location 23 metre span I beam


Beam section properties

Depth of beam d=1425 mm
Cross-sectional area A=411675 mm
2
Centroid above soffit Yb=595 mm
Centroid below top Yt=d-Yb=1425-595=830 mm
Section modulus bottom Zb=157.87E6 mm
3
Section modulus top Zt=113.14E6 mm
3
Second moment of area Ixx=Zb*Yb=157.87E6*595=93.933E9 mm
4
Unit weight of beam uwb=24 kN/m
3
Self weight sw=uwb*A/1E6=24*411675/1E6
=9.8802 kN/m
Concrete strengths
Strength at transfer fci= 40 N/mm
2
Characteristic strength fcu= 50 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity at transfer for concrete strength 40 N/mm
2
Modulus Eci=31 kN/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity for concrete strength 50 N/mm
2
Modulus Ecb=34 kN/mm
2
Span of beam span=23 m

Composite section properties

Characteristic strength of in-situ concrete
Strength fcuc=30 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity for concrete strength 30 N/mm
2
Modulus Ecc=28 kN/mm
2
The composite section is not a solid deck.
Concrete strengths of beam and in-situ concrete differ by more than
10 N/mm2. Transformed section properties should be used. Clause 7.4.1.
The analysis will be based on the entire member cross section ignoring
the presence of reinforcement. Clause 4.4.2.1(a).
Modular ratio mr=Ecc/Ecb=28/34=0.82353
Differential shrinkage effects should be considered

Item No. 1

Item weighting iw1=0.82353
Co-ordinates entered anti-clockwise
Co-ordinate 1
X co-ordinate X(1)=445 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(1)=0 mm
Co-ordinate 2
X co-ordinate X(2)=1055 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(2)=0 mm
Co-ordinate 3



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X co-ordinate X(3)=1055 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(3)=200 mm
Co-ordinate 4
X co-ordinate X(4)=825 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(4)=430 mm
Co-ordinate 5
X co-ordinate X(5)=825 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(5)=1120 mm
Co-ordinate 6
X co-ordinate X(6)=930 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(6)=1225 mm
Co-ordinate 7
X co-ordinate X(7)=930 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(7)=1425 mm
Co-ordinate 8
X co-ordinate X(8)=1500 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(8)=1425 mm
Co-ordinate 9
X co-ordinate X(9)=1500 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(9)=1605 mm
Co-ordinate 10
X co-ordinate X(10)=0 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(10)=1605 mm
Co-ordinate 11
X co-ordinate X(11)=0 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(11)=1425 mm
Co-ordinate 12
X co-ordinate X(12)=570 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(12)=1425 mm
Co-ordinate 13
X co-ordinate X(13)=570 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(13)=1225 mm
Co-ordinate 14
X co-ordinate X(14)=675 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(14)=1120 mm
Co-ordinate 15
X co-ordinate X(15)=675 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(15)=430 mm
Co-ordinate 16
X co-ordinate X(16)=445 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(16)=200 mm
Co-ordinate 17
X co-ordinate X(17)=445 mm
Y co-ordinate Y(17)=0 mm

Item No. 2

Section properties input are unweighted values.
Second moment of area about item centroid.
Second moment of area IXX2=93.933E9 mm
4
Area of item A2=411675 mm
2
Centroid from X-X axis YC2=595 mm
First moment of area MB2=A2*YC2=411675*595=244.95E6 mm
3
Item weighting iw2=0.17647
First moment of area of in-situ MBi=MB1-MB2=653.95E6-244.95E6
=409.01E6 mm
3


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Office: 5266
Area of in-situ concrete Ai=A1-A2=681675-411675=270000 mm
2
Centroid of in-situ concrete Yi=MBi/Ai=409.01E6/270000
=1514.8 mm
Composite section
Centroid of composite Yc=(A1*iw1*YC1+A2*iw2*YC2)/(A1*iw1+A2*iw2)
=(681675*0.82353*959.33+411675*0.17647
*595)/(681675*0.82353+411675*0.17647)
=917.59 mm
Depth of composite section di=1605 mm
Second moment of area
Ic=(IXX1+A1*((Yc-YC1)^2-YC1^2))*iw1+(IXX2+A2*(Yc-YC2)^2)*iw2
=(860.05E9+681675*((917.59-959.33)^2-959.33^2))*0.82353
+(93.933E9+411675*(917.59-595)^2)*0.17647
=216.74E9 mm
4
Strand is 7-wire Standard in accordance with Table 6 BS5896 : 1980
Nominal diameter nomd=TABLE 3 for st=1, column=1
=15.2 mm
Nominal tensile strength nomt=TABLE 3 for st=1, column=2
=1670 N/mm
2
Nominal steel area noma=TABLE 3 for st=1, column=3
=139 mm
2
Characteristic breaking load cbl=TABLE 3 for st=1, column=4
=232 kN
Initial force per strand if=159 kN
Modulus of elasticity of prestressing steel ( Clause 4.3.2.2. )
may be obtained from Figure 3 of BS5400 : Part 4 or Figures 3 and 4
of BD 44/95.
Modulus of elasticity Es=200 kN/mm
2
Cross-section 1

Distance from mid-span of beam csd(1)=0 m
Strand arrangement
Number of layers of strand nls(1)=5
Layer 1
Height above soffit ds(1)=40 mm
Number of strands ns(1)=14
Layer 2
Height above soffit ds(2)=80 mm
Number of strands ns(2)=14
Layer 3
Height above soffit ds(3)=120 mm
Number of strands ns(3)=2
Layer 4
Height above soffit ds(4)=160 mm
Number of strands ns(4)=2
Layer 5
Height above soffit ds(5)=1385 mm
Number of strands ns(5)=4
Total force and centroid of strands.
Total number of strands nostr=nostr=36
Total area of strands Aps=Aps=5004 mm
2
Total initial force P0=P0=5724 kN
Centroid of strands above soffit cf=cf=216.11 mm
Eccentricity of strands e=Yb-cf=595-216.11=378.89 mm
Bending Moment from beam alone.



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Bending moment dlb=sw*(span/2-csd(csn))*(span/2+csd(csn))/2
=9.8802*(23/2-0)*(23/2+0)/2
=653.33 kNm
Short Term Losses
The equations for the loss calculations are simplified versions of
those for exact solutions.
This approach is normally used for manual calculations.
a) Relaxation. Clause 6.7.2.2.
Initial load / Breaking load ilbl=if*100/cbl=159*100/232
=68.534
Relaxation at transfer ( % ) str=1
Loss of force lfrt=str*P0/100=1*5724/100
=57.24 kN
Force after relaxation losses P1=P0-lfrt=5724-57.24=5666.8 kN
b) Elastic deformation of the concrete. Clause 6.7.2.3.
The immediate loss of force in the strands may be based on the values
for the modulus of elasticity of the concrete ( table 3 )31 kN/mm
2
and the modulus of elasticity of the strands ( Clause 4.3.2.2. )
200 kN/mm
2
. The loss of prestress is calculated on a modular ratio
basis using the stress in the concrete adjacent to the centroid
of all the strands.
Multiplication factor sas=1+e*e*A/Ixx
=1+378.89*378.89*411675/93.933E9
=1.6292
Loss of force lfst=P1*Es*Aps*sas/(A*Eci)
=5666.8*200*5004*1.6292/(411675
*31)
=723.99 kN
Force after losses P2=P1-lfst=5666.8-723.99
=4942.8 kN
Elastic deform. losses ( % ) ste=lfst*100/P0=723.99*100/5724
=12.648 %
Summary
Initial force 5724 kN
Force at transfer Pt=P0-loft=5724-781.23=4942.8 kN

Loss Loss of Force % Loss
kN

Relaxation 57.24 1
Elastic Shortening 723.99 12.648

Transfer Total 781.23 13.648

Losses at Transfer
Stresses at transfer
Prestress
Top of beam ftpt=(P2/A-P2*e*Yt/Ixx)*1000
=(4942.8/411675-4942.8*378.89
*830/93.933E9)*1000
=-4.5415 N/mm
2
Bottom of beam fbpt=(P2/A+P2*e*Yb/Ixx)*1000
=(4942.8/411675+4942.8*378.89
*595/93.933E9)*1000
=23.869 N/mm
2



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Centroid of strands fcpt=fbpt+(ftpt-fbpt)*cf/d
=23.869+(-4.5415-23.869)*216.11
/1425
=19.561 N/mm
2
Self weight
Top of beam ftdt=dlb*1E6*Yt/Ixx
=653.33*1E6*830/93.933E9
=5.7729 N/mm
2
Bottom of beam fbdt=-dlb*1E6*Yb/Ixx
=-653.33*1E6*595/93.933E9
=-4.1384 N/mm
2
Centroid of strands fcdt=fbdt+(ftdt-fbdt)*cf/d
=-4.1384+(5.7729--4.1384)*216.11
/1425
=-2.6353 N/mm
2

Stresses at Transfer N/mm2
Loading
Top of Beam Bottom of Beam Centroid
of Strands

Prestress -4.5415 23.869 19.561
Self weight of Beam 5.7729 -4.1384 -2.6353

Total 1.2314 19.731 16.925

Beam Concrete Stresses at Transfer
Stress Limitations
Top of beam
Compressive stress 1.2314 N/mm
2
is less than allowable stresses
of 0.5*fci=20 N/mm
2
and 0.4*fcu=20 N/mm2.
Bottom of beam
Compressive stress 19.731 N/mm
2
is less than allowable stresses
of 0.5*fci=20 N/mm
2
and 0.4*fcu=20 N/mm2.

Long Term Losses
a) Relaxation. Clause 6.7.2.2.
Initial load / Breaking load ilbl=if*100/cbl=159*100/232
=68.534
Relaxation after transfer( % ) slr(1)=1
Loss of force lfrl=slr(csn)*P0/100=1*5724/100
=57.24 kN
Force after losses P3=P2-lfrl=4942.8-57.24=4885.5 kN
b) Shrinkage. Clause 6.7.2.4.
Shrinkage per unit length sul(1)=0.3E-3
Loss of force lfsl=sul(csn)*Es*Aps=0.3E-3*200*5004
=300.24 kN
Percentage loss lls=lfsl*100/P0=300.24*100/5724
=5.2453 %
Force after losses P4=P3-lfsl=4885.5-300.24
=4585.3 kN
c) Creep of concrete. Clause 6.7.2.5.
For pretensioning at between 3 days and 5 days after concreting and
for humid or dry conditions of exposure when the required cube
strength at transfer is greater than 40 N/mm2 the creep per unit
length should be taken as 48/1E6 per N/mm2. For lower values of cube
strength at transfer the creep per unit length should be taken as

Waterfronmt Way Assessment Page: 6
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Office: 5266
(48/1E6)*(40/fci) where fci is the cube strength at transfer.
Where the maximum stress in the section at transfer exceeds one-third
of the transfer cube strength of the concrete the value for creep
per unit length should be increased by a multiplication factor varying
linearly from 1.25 for a maximum stress of half the cube strength to
1.00 for a maximum stress of one-third the transfer cube strength.
Creep factor crf=48*40/(fci*1E6)=48*40/(40*1E6)
=48E-6 per N/mm2
Maximum stress at transfer 19.731 N/mm
2
Maximum stress is between one half and one third the cube strength.
Multiplication factor cmf=1.5*(max-fci/3)/fci+1
=1.5*(19.731-40/3)/40+1
=1.2399
Loss of force lfcl=cmf*crf*(fcpt+fcdt)*Es*Aps
=1.2399*48E-6*(19.561+-2.6353)
*200*5004
=1008.1 kN
Percentage loss llc=100*lfcl/P0=100*1008.1/5724
=17.612 %
Summary
Initial force 5724 kN
Final force Pf=P0-loftl=5724-2146.8=3577.2 kN

Loss Loss of Force % Loss
kN

Relaxation 57.24 1
Elastic Shortening 723.99 12.648

Transfer Total 781.23 13.648

Relaxation 57.24 1
Shrinkage 300.24 5.2453
Creep 1008.1 17.612

Long-term Total 1365.6 23.857

All Losses 2146.8 37.506

Losses - Long term
In-situ concrete
Unit-weight of in-situ concrete wc=25 kN/m
3
Area of in-situ concrete 270000 mm
2
Bending moment isb=Ai*wc*(span/2-csd(csn))*(span/2+csd(csn))/(2*1E6)
=270000*25*(23/2-0)*(23/2+0)/(2*1E6)
=446.34 kNm
Final stresses
Prestress
Top of beam ftpf=(Pf/A-Pf*e*Yt/Ixx)*1000
=(3577.2/411675-3577.2*378.89
*830/93.933E9)*1000
=-3.2867 N/mm
2
Bottom of beam fbpf=(Pf/A+Pf*e*Yb/Ixx)*1000
=(3577.2/411675+3577.2*378.89
*595/93.933E9)*1000
=17.275 N/mm
2


Waterfronmt Way Assessment Page: 7
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Office: 5266
Centroid of strands fcpf=fbpf+(ftpf-fbpf)*cf/d
=17.275+(-3.2867-17.275)*216.11
/1425
=14.156 N/mm
2
In-situ concrete
Top of beam ftis=(isb*Yt/Ixx)*1E6
=(446.34*830/93.933E9)*1E6
=3.9439 N/mm
2
Bottom of beam fbis=-(isb*Yb/Ixx)*1E6
=-(446.34*595/93.933E9)*1E6
=-2.8273 N/mm
2
Centroid of strands fcis=fbis+(ftis-fbis)*cf/d
=-2.8273+(3.9439--2.8273)*216.11
/1425
=-1.8004 N/mm
2

Final Stresses N/mm2
Loading
Top of Beam Bottom of Beam Centroid
of Strands

Prestress -3.2867 17.275 14.156
Self weight of Beam 5.7729 -4.1384 -2.6353
In-situ concrete 3.9439 -2.8273 -1.8004

Total 6.4301 10.309 9.7206

Beam concrete stresses - Long term

Composite section

The section should be checked as a Class 1 structure for Combination 1
loadings and Class 2 for Combinations 2 to 5. Clause 4.2.2 and Clause
4.3 of BD 24/92.
Height from soffit of beam to bottom of in-situ concrete
Height hsis=1425 mm
Section is not of solid construction.
Differential shrinkage effects should be considered in
accordance with Clause 7.4.3.4.
The calculations are based on C & CA Research Report 15
" An investigation of the behaviour of composite concrete beams ".
The in-situ concrete is cast T months after transfer.
Time T T=6 months
Shrinkage of concrete. Clause 6.7.2.4.
Shrinkage of in-situ concrete sfi=0.3E-3 per unit length
Reduction factor 0.43. Clause 7.4.3.4.
Reduced shrinkage sfir=sfi*0.43=0.3E-3*0.43
=0.129E-3
Shrinkage of precast concrete beam
Using the guidance in Clause 6.7.2.4 25 % of shrinkage remains
after time 6 months.
Perc'age of shrinkage remaining ps=25 %
Shrinkage per unit length of precast beam from Table 29
Shrinkage per unit length sfb=0.3E-3 per unit length
Remaining shrinkage sfbr=sfb*ps/100=0.3E-3*25/100
=75E-6 per unit length
Reduction factor 0.43. Clause 7.4.3.4.

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Reduced shrinkage sfbrr=sfbr*0.43=75E-6*0.43
=32.25E-6
Creep of concrete. Clause 6.7.2.5.
For pretensioning at between 3 days and 5 days after concreting and
for humid or dry conditions of exposure when the required cube
strength at transfer is greater than 40 N/mm2 the creep per unit
length should be taken as 48/1E6 per N/mm2. For lower values of cube
strength at transfer the creep per unit length should be taken as
(48/1E6)*(40/fci) where fci is the cube strength at transfer.
Where the maximum stress in the section at transfer exceeds one-third
of the transfer cube strength of the concrete the value for creep
per unit length should be increased by a multiplication factor varying
linearly from 1.25 for a maximum stress of half the cube strength to
1.00 for a maximum stress of one-third the transfer cube strength.
Creep factor crf=48*40/(fci*1E6)=48*40/(40*1E6)
=48E-6 per N/mm2
Maximum stress at transfer 19.731 N/mm
2
Maximum stress is between one half and one third the cube strength.
Multiplication factor cmf=1.5*(max-fci/3)/fci+1
=1.5*(19.731-40/3)/40+1
=1.2399
The above figures relate to creep after a period of years. It may be
assumed that 50% of the total creep takes place in the first month
after transfer and that 75% of the total creep takes place in the
first six months after transfer.
Using the guidance in Clause 6.7.2.5 25 % of creep remains
after time 6 months.
Percentage pcr=25
Percentage of initial prestress force lost between transfer and
long term state is 23.857 %. A loss of force of 1365.6 kN.
Percentage of this loss at time 6 months.
Percentage stT=50 %
Pre'ss force at time 6 months PT=P0-loft-stT*loPf/100
=5724-781.23-50*1365.6/100
=4260 kN
Stress at top of beam due to prestress
Stress ftpT=ftpf*PT/Pf=-3.2867*4260/3577.2
=-3.9141 N/mm
2
Stress at bottom of beam due to prestress
Stress fbpT=fbpf*PT/Pf=17.275*4260/3577.2
=20.572 N/mm
2
Creep coefficient phi1=0.87
Free creep strain at top of beam
Strain stc=phi1*cmf*crf*(ftpT+ftdt+ftis)*pcr
/100
=0.87*1.2399*48E-6*(-3.9141+5.7729
+3.9439)*25/100
=75.114E-6
Free creep strain at bottom of beam
Strain sbc=phi1*cmf*crf*(fbpT+fbdt+fbis)*pcr
/100
=0.87*1.2399*48E-6*(20.572+-4.1384
+-2.8273)*25/100
=0.17613E-3
Total strain at top of beam sbt=sfbrr+stc=32.25E-6+75.114E-6
=0.10736E-3


Waterfronmt Way Assessment Page: 9
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Office: 5266
Total strain at bottom of beam sbb=sfbrr+sbc=32.25E-6+0.17613E-3
=0.20838E-3
Rotation of beam phi=(sbb-sbt)/d
=(0.20838E-3-0.10736E-3)/1425
=70.886E-9
Shrinkage and creep effects sb=0.5*(sbb+sbt)
=0.5*(0.20838E-3+0.10736E-3)
=0.15787E-3
Differential shrinkage coef. delta=sfir-sb=0.129E-3-0.15787E-3
=-28.87E-6
Apply force to centroid of in-situ such that the elongation equals
the differential shrinkage
Force required F=delta*Ecc*Ai=-28.87E-6*28*270000
=-218.26 kN
Apply moment to beam to straighten it
Moment required Mb=phi*Ecb*Ixx/1E3
=70.886E-9*34*93.933E9/1E3
=226.39 kNm
The two concretes can now be joined together and equal and opposite
forces and moments applied to cancel Mb and F.
The force will be -F and the moment Fe, where e is the distance between
the centroid of the in situ concrete and the centroid of the composite
section. The eccentricity is e=Yi-Yc=1514.8-917.59=597.25 mm
The net moment is Mc=F*e/1E3-Mb
=-218.26*597.25/1E3-226.39
=-356.75 kNm
Stress at top of in-situ concrete
Stress ftisds=-(F/(Ai*mr)-F/(Ai*mr+A)-Mc*1E3*(di-Yc)/Ic)*mr*1E3
=-(-218.26/(270000*0.82353)--218.26/(270000*0.82353
+411675)--356.75*1E3*(1605-917.59)/216.74E9)*0.82353*1E3
=-0.4069 N/mm
2
Stress at bottom of in-situ concrete
Stress fbisds=-(F/(Ai*mr)-F/(Ai*mr+A)-Mc*1E3*(hsis-Yc)/Ic)*mr*1E3
=-(-218.26/(270000*0.82353)--218.26/(270000*0.82353
+411675)--356.75*1E3*(1425-917.59)/216.74E9)*0.82353*1E3
=-0.16291 N/mm
2
Stress at top of precast concrete beam
Stress ftpbds=(F/(Ai*mr+A)+Mc*1E3*(d-Yc)/Ic+Mb*1E3*Yt/Ixx)*1E3
=(-218.26/(270000*0.82353+411675)+-356.75*1E3*(1425
-917.59)/216.74E9+226.39*1E3*830/93.933E9)*1E3
=0.82099 N/mm
2
Stress at bottom of precast concrete beam
Stress fbpbds=(F/(Ai*mr+A)-Mc*1E3*Yc/Ic-Mb*1E3*Yb/Ixx)*1E3
=(-218.26/(270000*0.82353+411675)--356.75*1E3*917.59
/216.74E9-226.39*1E3*595/93.933E9)*1E3
=-0.26798 N/mm
2

Combination 1 loading

Flexural tensile stress limitations in beams and in-situ concrete.
Use Combination 1 bending moments from HA loading except that live
loading may be ignored for lightly trafficked highway bridges.
Clauses 4.2.2 and 4.1.1.1(b) as modified by Clauses 2.7 and amendment
to Clause 4.2.2 in BD 24/92.




Waterfronmt Way Assessment Page: 10
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Office: 5266
Applied bending moment c1b(1)=2300 kNm

Compressive stress limitations. Use maximum bending moment from full
Combination 1 loading. Clause 4.1.1.3.

Applied bending moment c1c(1)=2400 kNm

Top of in-situ concrete ftsic1=(c1c(csn)*(di-Yc)/Ic)*1E6*mr
=(2400*(1605-917.59)/216.74E9)
*1E6*0.82353
=6.2685 N/mm
2
Bottom of in-situ concrete fbsic1=-(c1c(csn)*(Yc-hsis)/Ic)*1E6*mr
=-(2400*(917.59-1425)
/216.74E9)*1E6*0.82353
=4.6271 N/mm
2
Bottom of beam fbic1=-(c1b(csn)*Yc/Ic)*1E6
=-(2300*917.59/216.74E9)*1E6
=-9.7371 N/mm
2
Top of beam ftic1=(c1c(csn)*(d-Yc)/Ic)*1E6
=(2400*(1425-917.59)/216.74E9)
*1E6
=5.6186 N/mm
2
Stresses
Top of in-situ concrete ftsc1f=ftisds+ftsic1=-0.4069+6.2685
=5.8616 N/mm
2
Bottom of in-situ concrete fbsc1f=fbisds+fbsic1=-0.16291+4.6271
=4.4642 N/mm
2
Top of beam ftc1f=ftf+ftpbds+ftic1
=6.4301+0.82099+5.6186
=12.87 N/mm
2
Bottom of beam fbc1f=fbf+fbpbds+fbic1
=10.309+-0.26798+-9.7371
=0.30381 N/mm
2
Permissible concrete stresses for Class 1 member
See Table 2 for compressive stress limitations.
Clause 6.3.2.4(a)(1) for tensile stress limitations in precast beam.
In-situ concrete is not in direct contact with prestressed beam
Tensile stresses in in-situ concrete should be limited by cracking
considerations. Clause 7.4.3.3. and 5.8.8.2.
Precast beam - compression fpbcc1=0.4*fcu=0.4*50=20 N/mm
2
- tension fpbtc1=0 N/mm
2
In-situ concrete - compression fpicc1=0.5*fcuc=0.5*30=15 N/mm
2
- tension cracking considerations















Waterfronmt Way Assessment Page: 11
Made by: SS
Date: 18.12.06
Ref No: xxxxxx

Office: 5266

Combination 1 Stresses N/mm2
Loading
Top of Top of Beam Bottom of Bottom of
in-situ in-situ Beam

Prestress,beam 0 6.4301 0 10.309
and in-situ
Dif. shrinkage -0.4069 0.82099 -0.16291 -0.26798
Combination 1 6.2685 5.6186 4.6271 -9.7371

Total 5.8616 12.87 4.4642 0.30381


Combination 1 Loading - Stresses
Top of in-situ concrete
Compressive stress 5.8616 N/mm
2
is less than the maximum allowable
stress of 0.5*fcuc=15 N/mm2.
Top of beam
Compressive stress 12.87 N/mm
2
is less than the maximum allowable
stress of 0.4*fcu=20 N/mm2.
Bottom of in-situ concrete
Compressive stress 4.4642 N/mm
2
is less than the maximum allowable
stress of 0.5*fcuc=15 N/mm2.
Bottom of beam
Compressive stress 0.30381 N/mm
2
is less than the maximum allowable
stress of 0.4*fcu=20 N/mm2.

Combination 2 to 5 loading

Flexural tensile stress limitations in prestressed beams and in-situ
concrete. Design as Class 2 member using maximum bending moment from
full Combination 2 to 5 loading. BD 24/92 Clause 2.7.
Compressive stress limitations. Use maximum bending moment from full
Combination 2 to 5 loading. Clause 4.1.1.3.

Applied bending moment c2b(1)=2600 kNm

Top of in-situ concrete ftsic2=(c2b(csn)*(di-Yc)/Ic)*1E6*mr
=(2600*(1605-917.59)/216.74E9)
*1E6*0.82353
=6.7909 N/mm
2
Bottom of in-situ concrete fbsic2=-(c2b(csn)*(Yc-hsis)/Ic)*1E6*mr
=-(2600*(917.59-1425)/216.74E9)
*1E6*0.82353
=5.0127 N/mm
2
Top of beam ftic2=(c2b(csn)*(d-Yc)/Ic)*1E6
=(2600*(1425-917.59)/216.74E9)*1E6
=6.0868 N/mm
2
Bottom of beam fbic2=-(c2b(csn)*Yc/Ic)*1E6
=-(2600*917.59/216.74E9)*1E6
=-11.007 N/mm
2
Stresses
Top of in-situ concrete ftsc2f=ftisds+ftsic2=-0.4069+6.7909
=6.384 N/mm
2



Waterfronmt Way Assessment Page: 12
Made by: SS
Date: 18.12.06
Ref No: xxxxxx

Office: 5266
Bottom of in-situ concrete fbsc2f=fbisds+fbsic2=-0.16291+5.0127
=4.8498 N/mm
2
Top of beam ftc2f=ftf+ftpbds+ftic2
=6.4301+0.82099+6.0868
=13.338 N/mm
2
Bottom of beam fbc2f=fbf+fbpbds+fbic2
=10.309+-0.26798+-11.007
=-0.96624 N/mm
2
Permissible concrete stresses for Class 2 member
See Table 2 for compressive stress limitations.
Clause 6.3.2.4(a)(2) for tensile stress limitations in precast beam.
Table 32 for tensile stresses in in-situ concrete.
Precast beam - compression fpbcc2=0.4*fcu=0.4*50=20 N/mm
2
- tension fpbtc2=-0.45*SQR(fcu)=-0.45*SQR(50)
=-3.182 N/mm
2
In-situ concrete - compression fpicc2=0.5*fcuc=0.5*30=15 N/mm
2
- tension cracking considerations

Combination 2 to 5 Stresses N/mm2
Loading
Top of Top of Beam Bottom of Bottom of
in-situ in-situ Beam

Prestress, beam 0 6.4301 0 10.309
and in-situ
Dif. shrinkage -0.4069 0.82099 -0.16291 -0.26798
Combination 2-5 6.7909 6.0868 5.0127 -11.007

Total 6.384 13.338 4.8498 -0.96624

Combination 2 to 5 Loading - Stresses
Combination 3 loading. The stresses from the Proforma for temperature
differences should be added to the total stresses.
Top of in-situ concrete
Compressive stress 6.384 N/mm
2
is less than the maximum allowable
stress of 0.5*fcuc=15 N/mm2.
Top of beam
Compressive stress 13.338 N/mm
2
is less than the maximum allowable
stress of 0.4*fcu=20 N/mm2.
Bottom of in-situ
Compressive stress 4.8498 N/mm
2
is less than the maximum allowable
stress of 0.5*fcuc=15 N/mm2.
Bottom of beam
Tensile stress 0.96624 N/mm
2
is less than the maximum allowable
stress of -3.182 N/mm2.
No148