The role of urban planning in preventing and addressing slums is a global challenge. Urban planning plays a key role in reducing urban sprawl, Compact Segregation and Integrated Congestion. The u.s. Has one of the highest levels of urban Sprawl in the world.
The role of urban planning in preventing and addressing slums is a global challenge. Urban planning plays a key role in reducing urban sprawl, Compact Segregation and Integrated Congestion. The u.s. Has one of the highest levels of urban Sprawl in the world.
The role of urban planning in preventing and addressing slums is a global challenge. Urban planning plays a key role in reducing urban sprawl, Compact Segregation and Integrated Congestion. The u.s. Has one of the highest levels of urban Sprawl in the world.
PREVENTING SLUMS AND ADDRESSING EXISTING SLUMS MAKING SLUMS HISTORY: A WORLDWIDE CHALLENGE
Business as usual >>> Sustainable Urban Development
Urban Sprawl > Compact
Segregation > Integrated
Congestion > Connected
Plan in advance (several decades) Plan at scale (numbers that make a difference) Plan in phases (of public investment) Plan for social integration (pro-poor policies) Plan for density (incremental) Plan for connectivity (focus on public realm) Plan for energy efficiency and risk reduction
Urban Planning: Back to the Basics Essential components of a National Urban Policy
National Framework and instruments National territory (a-spatial) Structuration of system of cities National/Regional spaces Localised specific interventions Spatially targeted areas 1 2 3 What ? Where ? Criteria for sectorial policy Multi-scale + National Urban Policy 1) Urban trends analysis: Growth in population Differentiation of patterns by type of city (very large cities, large cities, medium sized cities) Sprawl and land consumption (declining densities) Major infrastructure investments (i.e. major demographic shifts) 2) Planning responses: Containment model Infrastructure guided model Expansion planning through various approaches: large super-plots, piecemeal subdivisions, masterplans 3) Imperatives (global and local level): Affordability Economic viability (and revenue creation for municipalities) Ecological footprint, carbon emissions reduction Assessing demand Addressing Urban Growth and Extending Urban Space: 5 approaches Urban extension areas Intermediate cities/Market cities Infill and Densification Large cities with low density (inefficient land uses) Peripheral poles Metroplitan and city- regions with very large population 1 2 3 What ? Where? Connectivity and public spaces All badly planned cities Extension through Planning Individual cities : from 125pha to 150 = +20% pop can be absorbd Metropolitan level decision No new population Supports densification Individual cities or national policy , 60% of urban population growth New towns Non urbanised regions National level decision 4 5 Who decides? Planned City Extension 1 2 3 4 5 Containment + densification and redevelopment Curitiba Transit oriented densification; FAR Portland growth boundaries Holland Randstad Medellin Valley plan
Growth poles and new cities Shanghai Satellite cities Delhi various new cities Cairo New Cairo (2001), 6 th October (1979), Heliopolis (1905)
Extension Site & Services in Nairobi small scale Ouagadougou - large scale extension (lotissement commando) Shanghai Pudong New York Commissioner Plan Extension initiatives - examples Basic Principles Sustainable Urban Planning
1. Adequate street network; street network takes at least 30% of the land, and at least 18km street length per km. 2. High density - at least 15,000 people per km, i.e. 150 people/ha or 61 people/acre. 3. Mixed land-use - at least 40% of the floor space is allocated for economic uses in any neighborhood. 4. Social mix; 20 to 50 % of the residential floor area for low cost housing, each tenure type should be not more than 50 % of the total. 5. Limited land use specialization - single function blocks covering less than 10% in any neighborhood. RESHAPING THE ROLE OF URBAN PLANNING
Shift away from original objectives of control towards inclusive, productive and livable cities Redefine the relationship between the planning system and the market Planning with, and for informality: formalizing the informal Revisiting both directive and regulatory aspects of the planning system Planning processes embedded in good governance principles
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES TO MAKE URBAN PLANNING MORE EFFECTIVE
Review planning legislation Decentralize urban planning functions Institutional integration within municipalities Monitoring and evaluation of urban plans Relevant urban research and data Strengthening city planning networks Output and quality of planning education
Geographical Scope UN-Habitats Urban Planning and Design Branch is working with its UN-Habitat Regional Offices in 37 countries in all major developing regions: Africa (14): Benin, Burkina Faso, Cap Verde, Chad, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, South Africa, Uganda Arab States (5): Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Occupied Palestine Territories, Somalia Asia and Pacific (13): Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe (1): Kosovo (within its context of UN Security Council resolution 1244 of 1999) Latin America and the Caribbean (4): Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador
Ongoing Portfolio Development
DRC Liberia Malawi
Jordan Lebanon
Bangladesh Pakistan
El Salvador etc. Recent UN-Habitat Results: Urban Planning Urban Planning system reviews conducted in Colombia, Philippines and Tanzania Urban Plans developed for 50 small urban centres and strategic development plan for greater Cairo region in Egypt Spatial planning framework prepared and urban planning capacity built in Kosovo Neighbourhood reconstruction and planning supported in Haiti New urban planning principles being applied through focused interventions at different scales in Colombia, Egypt, Mozambique, the Philippines, Rwanda Support to urban planning for city of Kisumu, Kenya through Rapid Urban Planning Studio
Support to GOPP to develop methodology and administer the planning of 50 small towns (up to 30,000 inhab) Methodology development (ToRs and Tools) Selection and Training of consultants teams Supervision and Quality control Follow-up on approval Implementation support Support to National Planning Agency 50 Towns planning in Egypt Case: Rapid Urban Planning Studio (1) Kisumu, Kenya, February 2012 Depressed development; New vision; population may increase from 1 to 2 million in next 20 years Euro 40m support from AFD - France Urban Economy, Urban Planning, Urban Legislation (People, Stones, Rules) Developing Scenarios; Rapid Urban Planning Studio; Support during Structure Planning Process 3 days, 50 participants: Kisumu City, local development actors, Kenyan and international urban planning experts Case: Rapid Urban Planning Studio (2) Kisumu, Kenya, February 2012 Spatial articulation of economic scenarios; legislative challenges Densification and Extension; Connecting City to the Lake; Highlands and Wetlands; Airport and Lake Port Specialized studies to fill gaps on urban planning, urban legislation and urban economy Expansion to 9 other towns in Kenya with SIDA and WB support Essaouira, Morocco Essaouira, Morocco Agenda 21 Local: Medina, Mellah, Parc urbain 20 The Future We Want Rio+20 Outcome Text CITIES PARAGRAPHS (Paragraphs 134-7) Emphasizes urbanization as a key driver of sustainable development and the need to provide affordable housing and infrastructure and prioritize slum upgrading. Commitment to integrated approaches to planning for mixed use, non-motorized mobility and inclusive social services Calls for strengthened cooperation mechanisms, platforms and partnership arrangements Recognizes the need for adequate and predictable financial contributions for the United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation
22 Next Steps Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on Cities Develop UN Guidelines on Urban and Territorial planning Further support National Urban Policies. Expand work on Planned City Extensions in collaboration with Development Banks. Strengthen linkages with Urban and Regional Planning Associations at Global, Regional and National level.