Table of Contents

Noun..........................................................................................................................................4
Number......................................................................................................................................4
Proper noun..............................................................................................................................5
Common Noun..........................................................................................................................5
Collective noun.........................................................................................................................6
Abstract noun...........................................................................................................................6
VERB AND AUXILIARY...............................................................................................6
Preposition................................................................................................................................7
Conjunction..............................................................................................................................7
Articles......................................................................................................................................8
SENTENCE STRUCTURE...........................................................................................9
Structure of a simple sentence.................................................................................................9
PRESENT TENSE......................................................................................................10
S A V rules..................................................................................................................11
Possessive case.................................................................................................................11
Universal Auxiliaries............................................................................................................11
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE............................................................................12
When to use.............................................................................................................................12
Rules.................................................................................................................................12
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.......................................................................................13
Rules.................................................................................................................................13
Subject
Auxiliary Verb................................................................................................13
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................13
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE....................................................................................14
Rules.................................................................................................................................14
Subject
Auxiliary verb form.......................................................................................14
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................14

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE..........................................................15

Rules.................................................................................................................................15
Subject
Auxiliary verb form.......................................................................................15
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................15
PAST TENSE..............................................................................................................16
Subject
Auxiliary Verb form......................................................................................16
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................16
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE....................................................................................17
Rules.................................................................................................................................17
Subject
Auxiliary verb form........................................................................................17
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................17
SIMPLE PAST TENSE...............................................................................................18
Rule..................................................................................................................................18
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................18
PAST PERFECT TENSE............................................................................................19
Rule..................................................................................................................................19
Subject
Auxiliary Verb form......................................................................................19
Universal Auxiliary..........................................................................................................19
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE..................................................................20
Rule..................................................................................................................................20
Subject
Auxiliary verb form.......................................................................................20
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................20
FUTURE TENSE........................................................................................................21
Rules.................................................................................................................................21
Subject
Auxiliary Verb form......................................................................................21
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................21
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE...............................................................................22
Rules........................................................................................................................................22
Subject
Auxiliary verb form........................................................................................22
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................22
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE......................................................................................23
Rules........................................................................................................................................23
2

Subject
Auxiliary Verb form.....................................................................................23
Universal Auxiliary..........................................................................................................23
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.............................................................24
Rules.................................................................................................................................24
Subject
Auxiliary Verb form......................................................................................24
Universal Auxiliaries........................................................................................................24
EXERCISES FOR GRAMMAR..................................................................................24

Grammar
Parts of Speech
Every word in the English language belongs to a particular family or group or
category named Part of Speech.
There are in all ten parts of speech in the English language. This means that
every English word would fall under one of these parts of speech. They are:
Noun, Pronoun, Verb, auxiliary, adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction,
Article and Interjection.
Noun
Noun is a word used for person, place or thing. Every noun has number, gender
and kind.
Number
There are singular nouns and plural nouns as shown below:
Singular
Girl
School
Pencil
Box
Watch
Fish
Knife
Wife
Thief
Victory

Plural
girls
Schools
Pencils
Boxes
Watches
Fishes
Knives
Wives
Thieves
Victories

In order to get the plural, we add the letter S to some nouns, letters es to
some, ves to such nouns that end in f and ies to the nouns that end in y.
For some nouns, the plural spelling is altogether different like the following:
Man
Woman
Foot
Oasis

men
women
feet
oases

Kiss
kisses
Some nouns have the same form for singular and also for plural as shown
below:
sheep, deer, series, corps, swine, species, and means.
Some nouns are used only in the plural even if the noun referred and used is in
single quantity as shown below:
Scissors, tongs, pincers, spectacles, drawers, breeches and arrears.
Some are used only in singular form though they sound like plurals in terms of
spelling. The following are the examples:
News, innings, ethics, civics, physics, athletics, economics.
We write the plurals for the compound words in a different way as shown
below:
Son-in-law
Daughter-in-law
Brother-in-law
Man-of-law
Passer-by
Looker-on
Footman

sons-in-law
daughters-in-law
brothers-in-law
men-of-war
passers-by
lookers-on
footmen

Add an apostrophe and the letter s to get the plurals of letters, figures and
symbols.
Nouns are of four kinds as follows:
Proper noun
The name of a particular person or place is called a proper noun, they are unique
and we cannot use that name to any other person or place. Here are the
examples:
Rajendran, Narayanan, Nirmala, Samuel.
Common Noun
A noun used for any person or place. Here are some examples:
Man, Teacher, student, graduate.

Collective noun
It is a noun used for a group of persons or animals or things taken together and
considered as one single unit. Here are the examples:
Crowd, mob, herd, family, army.
Abstract noun
It is a noun used for quality or action or state as shown in the following
examples:
Quality honesty, wisdom, truth, bravery
Action theft, movement, hatred
State youth, slavery, boyhood, manhood

Verb and Auxiliary

Verb is a word of action. We can see action in a broad sense, when there is a
movement of any part of the body of a living being, be it a human or animal or
bird or fish. We cannot use a verb in a sentence without supporting it with a
word called auxiliary. The auxiliary will usually be to the left of a verb. In some
cases we may use more than one auxiliary to help a verb. We call such a group
of auxiliaries as auxiliary set. All the auxiliaries that go to form a se will also be
out of the same list of 32. Thus, a very and an auxiliary would form an
inseparable pair. We can never use an auxiliary or a verb singly at all but always
as pairs.
Every verb has three forms, namely, Present, Past and Past Participle forms.
There are only 32 auxiliaries in the English language. The job of an auxiliary is
to help a verb. It has no other function. There are two type of auxiliaries: pure
auxiliaries, (whose sole job is only to help a verb in any of its 3 forms in a
sentence) and auxiliary cum verbs.
The pure auxiliaries are also known as universal auxiliaries because we use
them for more than one tense and for all persons.
Auxiliaries do not have a precise meaning like other English words. Every
auxiliary is used for a particular situation. You need to know that before you
could select an auxiliary to use in a sentence.
Auxiliaries enable us to frame negative answers. There are only two categories
of answers, as we saw a little earlier positive and negative. We write or speak a
negative sentence by making the auxiliary negative i.e. by putting the adverb
NOT after the auxiliary.

Preposition
Preposition is a word that shows the relationship between any two words in a
sentence. The two words may be
A noun/pronoun
A verb
An adjective/adverb

and
Or
and
Or
and

a noun/pronoun
a noun/pronoun
a noun/pronoun

Study the following examples:

We saw a dog inside the house. (Relationship between a noun and a noun)
Will you come to my house this evening? (Between a verb and a noun)
My Father is angry with me. (Between an adverb and a pronoun)
I am traveling in a Car. (Between a verb and a noun)
My brother is behind me always. (Between an aux, verb and a pronoun)
The words underlined are prepositions and show the true relationship between
the word to its left and right. If you remove the preposition, you will not get the
correct meaning out of the sentence or you may get several possible meanings.
Thus if you want to know the accurate meaning of sentence, you must use the
correct preposition.
Simple prepositions are recognizable words. Some of them are: AT, BY FOR,
FROM, IN, OF, TO, DOWN, ON, OUT, THROUGH, TILL, WITH,
WITHOUT, ABOUT, UNDER, ACROSS, ALONG, AMONG, AROUND,
BEFORE, AFTER BEHIND, BETWEEN, BEYOND, INSIDE, OUTSIDE.
Conjunction
Conjunction is a word that joins two or more simple sentences. And is the
only conjunction, which in addition can connect any two words also, except two
verbs.
Conjunctions are used in complex sentences. A complex sentence will consist of
two simple sentences connected by one conjunction.
Conjunctions are also recognizable words. Some of the single word conjuctions
are: AND, SINCE, BECAUSE, IF, THAT, UNLESS, BUT, STILL, YET,
UNTIL, AS, THOUGH, AFTER, BEFORE.

Whether a single word or phrases or pairs, the job of a conjunction is to join two
simple sentences.
Articles
Article is a word we use to refer to the number of a noun. For a singular noun
we use the article A or AN. AN is used for a noun that starts with a vowel or
vowel sound. Examples are:
An umbrella, an egg, an elephant
For all other single nouns, use A. A and AN are also known as indefinite article
because it will refer to any single noun like, a doctor, a book, a pencil, an
instructor, an engineer and so on.
We also use A and AN before an adjective if that adjective describes a single
noun.
Here are some examples:
An intelligent student never has any doubts.
A good boy will always obey his parents.
Ronald is an excellent football player
No one could find an immediate solution to the problem.
Use A or AN for every common noun if it appears in the middle of a sentence as
shown below:
It was an earthquake.
Wont she be a good dancer for our entertainment programme?
Use A or AN as applicable, in expressing quantity or certain numbers as shown
in the examples given below:
A lot of, a dozen, a couple of runs, an occasional cup of coffee, a hundred, a
thousand, a million.
Use A or AN before half when it follows a whole number like this,
One and a half kilo (But, dont use a if only is to be pronounced
k = half kilo. half a kilo is wrong English)
Whereas, with other numbers, a must be used as shown below:
a third, a quarter, a fifth

When we want to refer to a particular doctor or a book or an instructor, we use

the definite article THE. Study the following sentences:
The doctor examined susan. (the here refers to a particular doctor, possibly the
family doctor)
The class teacher is sick today.
We use THE also to refer to any large numbers or plural nouns. Here are the
examples:
The boys, the students, the colleges, the people and so on.
The overall meaning of the sentence will make it clear whether the definite
article THE refers to a particular noun or any plural nouns.
We saw that for a single number we use A or AN and for a large number, THW
What then about the intermediate numbers, say 2,3..8..10, 11 or so? For such
small numbers, we use the articles SOME, ANY, A FEW, A LITTLE, MANY,
ALL AND SUCH. Study the following sentences:
Some boys were at the football ground. (A small number of boys, say 7 or 8)
Did any students fail in English?
A few persons only accepted our invitation.
Please give me a little sugar. (Here a little sugar would mean a couple of
spoons of sugar)
Many students failed in mathematics.
All the winners were present at the prize awarding ceremony.
There are many bad boys in your school; dont go near such boys.
If the words in bold describe the noun, we may treat them as adjectives. But if
they refer to the number of the noun concerned, then we treat them as articles.
In all the examples given above, the words in bold refer to the number of the
noun, hence they are articles.

Sentence structure
Structure of a simple sentence
We may divide every simple sentence into two distinct parts the grammar part
and Meaning part. One makes mistakes only in the grammar part and seldom in
the meaning part; or, one cannot make any serious mistakes in the meaning part
at all. The meaning part has nothing to do with the grammar part. We can take
9

the grammar part of one sentence and attach it to the meaning part of another
sentence and vice versa. Here are some examples:
Mani could have beaten up/this poor street dog.
Grammar part
meaning part
Isaac loves/the small children in his colony.
We can swap the meaning part like this,
Mani could have beaten up/ the small children in his colony
Isaac loves/this poor street dog.
The new sentences sound meaningful all right.
The grammar part is different for each tense. And the English language uses in
all 18 tenses. Each of these tenses has its own grammar rules. Once you master
these grammar rules, you could never make any mistake in composing an
English sentence.
The grammar rules themselves are very simple indeed and very simple to
remember too. The grammar part is divided into three sections SUBJECT,
AUXILIARY and VERB. In short, S-A-V.
The meaning part consists of OBJECT AND COMPLEMENT or both in any
combination. We will indicate this part henceforth as, O/C.
Thus the formula for a simple sentence will be like this,
S A V O/C
Do note that an English sentence must have S-A-V or S-A.V. It need not have
O/C at all. But, without O/C you may only get a small meaning out of S-A-V. It
is the O/C parts that give the full meaning of a sentence. A simple sentence is
one that is self-contained in meaning. In other words, there must be the O/C
parts in the sentence.

Present Tense
When to use
We use it to denote the existence of or give information about yourself, another
person or thing that we see before our eyes or hear about, in present time.
We use it to convey information about the things and qualities we and the third
persons possess in present time
10

(This is an important tense because most of what we say about people, things or
about ourselves will always be in the present tense)
S A V rules
Subject

Auxiliary

Verb form

I
He, she, it
We, You, They

AM
IS
ARE

AM
IS
ARE

HAVE
HAS

HAVE
HAS

Possessive case
I, WE, YOU, THEY
HE, SHE, IT

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

am/is/are USED TO

am/is/are act as verbs

And will be to the left
of the Auxiliary.

Here are some examples using universal auxiliaries:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Many students in our class are used to regular homework.

All the young residents in my colony are not used to ragging.
Why are you used to white canvas shoes?
I am not used to a strict tuition teacher.
Your friends arent used to coffee, are they?

USED TO Universal auxiliaries have no meaning we use them for particular

situations. And they dont belong to any particular tense either. Here, we use
this auxiliary to show a habit, which becomes pat of our routine activities.
Have you noticed that although the words AM, IS, ARE are A.V s. We have
used them in place of verbs, actually as regular verbs? And the verb so used is
to the left of the auxiliary? Next, we use these verbs in the Question tag as well
instead of an auxiliary? These are the peculiarities of USED TO and exceptional
cases as well.

11

Present Continuous Tense

When to use
We use this tense to describe an action actually in progress or going on at the
time of talking. The person performing the action may be yourself or a second
or third person.
Rules
Subject
I
HE, SHE, IT
WE, YOU, THEY

Auxiliary
AM
IS
ARE

Verb
Present ending in-ing
- do
- do

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

can be
May be
Could be
Would be
Should be
Must be
Shall be
Will be
Need be
Ought to be
Am/is/are going to be
Am/is/are/can be/may be/ could be/
Would be/should be/ must be/
Shall be/will be/ought to be/
USED TO
GETTING/BECOMING

Present verb ending in ING

Here are some examples:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Where are your parents living in the city?

He is giving me tuition daily in the evening time.
We are learning English there.
I am learning in Raman institute.

12

use only GETTING

and BECOMING and
No other verb.

Examples using universal auxiliaries:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Some students may not be coming with us for the picnic.

We shall be getting used to him shortly, shant we?
Hostel students ought not to be loitering about even during holidays.
We should be moving out in the next five minutes.
Wont you be helping me in my studies?
Some students could be watching the T.V. programme, couldnt they?

Simple Present Tense

We use the simple present tense,
1. To talk about the activities we do as a routine daily, weekly, monthly or
at some periodicity.
2. To give an order/command
3. To make a suggestion in Question form
4. To acknowledge an order/command or a suggestion.
Rules
Subject
I, WE, YOU, THEY
HE, SHE, IT

Auxiliary
DO
DOES

Verb
Present form
Present form

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

can
May
Could
Would
Must
Ought to
Will
Shall
Dare
Need
Can/may/would/should/must/ought to/
Will/shall GET/BECOME/BE USED TO
Do/does/can /may/would/should/must/
Ought to/ will/ shall KEEP
13

Present form

use only get, become or be

and no other verb
Continuous Verb

Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense belongs mostly to the past period and partly to the present
time period. We use it for four different activities as described below:
a) To indicate a completed activity in the immediate past, say a short
while back
b) To talk about an action that began sometime in the past and is
continuing at the time of talking into the present time period.
c) To talk about past-completed activity whose time is not known
(The action probably finished some years back)
d) To describe a completed activity in the past period when we think
more about the effect of the activity at the time of talking (present
time) than about the action itself.
Rules
Subject

Auxiliary

verb form

I, WE, YOU, THEY

HE, SHE, IT

HAVE
HAS

P.P form

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

MAY HAVE
P.P. form
Has/have/may have got/
Become/been USED TO

Use only the P.P form of the verb shown in bold.

Here are some example of verbs and their past participle forms
Present form
Learn
Talk
Rest
Wash
Punish
Lock
Improve
Land
Dry

Past form
learned
talked
rested
washed
punished
locked
improved
landed
dried
14

Past Participle
learnt
talked
rested
washed
punished
locked
improved
landed
dried

Here some examples of sentences:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Where have you worked before?

They have written one or two essays before.
We indeed have read this read already
I have met you already, havent I?

Here are some examples with universal auxiliaries:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Dont ever get used to drugs during your college life, ok?
Have you been used to late night during your school days?
Jonathan has got used to bad language, hasnt he?
We may have contacted malaria during our overnight stay in the forest.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We use the Present perfect continuous tense for three out of the four situations
as applicable to the present perfect tense. They are,
a) For an activity that started in some past time period and is
continuing into the present till the time of talking.
b) For an activity completed in the immediate past time (same as in
the present perfect case) but we want to give importance for the
duration of that action than the time of its completion.
c) For an activity already completed but as a statement of explanation
of that action at the time of talking.
Thus, this tense is interchangeable with the Present perfect tense.
Rules
Subject

Auxiliary

verb form

I, WE, YOU, THEY

HE, SHE, IT

HAVE BEEN
HAS BEEN

Present in - ING

May have been

Has/ have kept
Has been/ have been getting/
Becoming USED TO

- do

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

15

use the verbs getting/

Becoming only

Here are some examples:

1.
2.
3.
4.

What have your friends been doing all these days?

She has been mending all these old clothes of hers.
Pushpa hasnt been mending too many clothes.
Most of the students have been conducting themselves very well.

Here are some example using universal auxiliaries:

1. Hasnt your younger daughter kept pestering you for more and more
sarees?
2. Indeed she has kept worrying me for more sarees
3. Many students from the final semester have kept asking for more study
leave.
4. Some of us have been getting used to the new canteen contactors food
for our lunch. Havent we?
5. You havent been getting used to late nights, have you?

Past Tense
We use the past tense,
a) To denote the existence of or give information about yourself,
another person or what we saw before eyes in the past time.
b) To give information about the things/qualities a person (s)
possessed in the past time. (Possessive case)
Rules
Subject
I, He, She, It
We, You, They

Auxiliary
was
were

Verb form
was
were

had

had

was/were USED TO

was/were take the

Place of verbs (A
Noun must follow
USED TO)

Possessive case
All persons
Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

16

Here are some examples:

1.
2.
3.
4.

I was at my aunts house.

I was not in my new house yesterday morning
The civil engineers were not keen on a visit to the Zoo.
We were there for 3 hours.

Here are some example using universal auxiliaries:

1.
2.
3.
4.

We were used to this college till last year.

Wasnt this child used to this ayah for quite a few months?
Our children were never used to powder milk during their childhood.
Some of us werent used to harassment inside the class room.

Note: USED TO must be followed always by a Noun (object).

Past continuous Tense

We use the Past continuous tense
a) To talk about an action or activities going on for a certain duration
of time in the past and also finished in the past time.
b) To refer to a point of time in that duration. This use will be only in
complex sentences.
Since this tense deals with a completed activity, it is interchangeable with
simple past. But, if we want to give importance for the duration of the action,
we opt for the past continuous tense.
Rules
Subject

Auxiliary

verb form

I, He, She, It
We, You, They

was
were

Present form ending in ING

did KEEP
Was/were getting/
Becoming USED TO

continuous present verb

Use only getting/
becoming and no other verb

Universal Auxiliaries
All Persons

17

Here are some examples:

1)
2)
3)
4)

Who was talking so loudly inside the auditorium?

Shobana was talking very loudly.
Thangaraj was standing in the sun for an hour.
They were simply wasting time in the basketball court.

Here are some examples using Universal Auxiliaries:

1) You did keep worrying your parents for more and more pocket money
during your college life, didnt you?
2) My friend was getting used to the hostel life very slowly.
3) Didnt you keep writing to your parents during your stay abroad?
4) I did keep writing to them every week.

Simple Past Tense

We use simple past tense to talk about the action/ activities that started in the
past time and also finished in the past time.
If you look back, we gave the same definition for the past continuous tense also.
So, this tense is interchangeable with past continuous since both deal with a
completed activity. But, when we want to give importance for the duration of
the action, we opt for the continuous tense.
Rule
Subject

Auxiliary

Verb form

All persons

DID

present form

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

could
Would
Did USE TO

Here are some examples:

1.
2.
3.
4.

She did leave college at 4 p.m.

He did drop out of our college in April last year
They did pose some difficult questions.
The smart students did didnt pose many question.

18

Examples with would and could:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Why didnt you attend the net practice yesterday?

I could hear some noise all night. It was very faint.
I couldnt do so yesterday for some reasons.
My small brother would have his own way always, wouldnt he?

Sentence with Did Use

1.
2.
3.
4.

I did use to live there till last year.

When did you use to live in London?
Did you use to lend your class notes to Krishnan regularly?
You used to seek my help for every subject last year, didnt you?

Past Perfect Tense

We use the past perfect tense
1) For an action that started and finished in the past period. (Thus, this
tense is interchangeable with the simple past)
2) If two actions took place in the past, we use the past perfect for the
first action and simple past for the second
3) When we refer to an action of the past as a follow up matter.
4) In reported speeches, i.e. when we describe what someone had said
sometime in the past. (This use also comes in complex sentence)
Rule
Subject

Auxiliary

Verb form

All persons

had

P.P form

had become/got/been
USED TO

use only the P.P

verbs shown in bold.

Universal Auxiliary
All persons

Here are some examples with HAD:

1.
2.
3.
4.

When had Sasikaran obtained his science degree?

Had Reshmi continued her studies for 2 more years?
I had met him once before
You had already abandoned this idea, hadnt you?
19

Here are some examples with Universal auxiliaries:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Hadnt your children got used to your new house?

My classmates had been used to this location already as a picnic site
When had you become used to your new motorbike?
I hadnt been used to it as yet.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

We use the past perfect continuous tense for the same 4 situations as given for
the past perfect tense. When we want to give importance for the duration of the
action concerned we choose the continuous tense. Thus. The continuous tense is
interchangeable with the past perfect tense.
Rule
Subject

Auxiliary

verb form

All persons

Had Been

Present in ING

had kept
Had been getting/
Becoming USED TO

- do
use only the verbs
shown in bold.

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

Here are some examples:

1.
2.
3.
4.

What had our principal been planning about the sports programme?
He had been planning it on a grand scale.
The children had been driving the parents crazy actually.
He hadnt been distributing these notices to all students

With Universal Auxiliaries:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Your wards had kept guessing about their future, hadnt they?
They had kept driving you mad surely during holidays.
Had you been getting used to the rowdy students in this school?
Some of us hadnt been becoming used to their hostile attitude.

20

Future Tense
We use future tense to talk about an action we propose to do in some future
time. The action is only in your mind as an intention. This action will take
shape only at a later time. Thus, in a future tense sentence, we cannot see any
action whatever though it uses auxiliaries and verbs separately.
We make a future tense statement only in present time.
Rules
Subject

Auxiliary

Verb form

All persons

will, shall

Present form

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

could
present form
Would
Might
Will/shall/might/would/could Use only get/
GET/BECOME/BE USED TO become/be as verbs.

I
We, You, They
He, she, it

am going to
are going to
is going to

Present form

7 Auxiliaries/ Auxiliary sets are used in this tense.

Here are some examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.

I will go by walk to college tomorrow.

I shall stay at home
He shall go with you to the play ground
Raphel shant go with you to the play ground

Here are some examples using Universal Auxiliaries:

1.
2.
3.
4.

When could you meet me in my house?

I could meet you any time before your dinner time , sir.
I could come on time, sir.
I shall be used to tea very shortly.

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Future Continuous Tense

We use this for an action we propose to do sometime in the future. This
definition is the same as for the Future Tense. Thus, the continuous tense is
interchangeable with the future tense. But when we want to give importance for
the duration of the intended action we choose the continuous tense in preference
to the Future tense.
Rules
Subject

Auxiliary

verb form

All Persons

Will be
Shall be

Present form + ING

Universal Auxiliaries
All Persons

could be
Present form + ING
would be
Might be
Shall/will/could/would/
might KEEP
Will be/shall be/could be/
Would be/ might be getting/
Becoming USED TO
use only the verbs
Getting and Becoming

This tense uses 7 Auxiliary sets.

Be is an Auxiliary here. Do recall that BE is a 3-in-1 word. We have used it as a
verb already.
Here are some examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.

She will be seeing you at 3 p.m.

Shall we be meeting our parents this Saturday?
We shall be meeting them certainly this Saturday
I will be changing trains at Delhi, wont you?

Sentences with Universal auxiliaries:

1. When might you be taking leave for your sisters wedding?
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2. I could be taking part in it.

3. You wont be becoming used to modern dancing, will you?
4. You could be getting used to a new coach, couldnt you?

Future Perfect Tense

We use the future perfect tense to indicate the completion/termination of an
activity by a specified time in the future time period. (What about the action
itself? It could be in progress at the time of talking and positively continuing
into the future period or the activity could start at some time in the future period
but well before the completion time. Thus, this tense could link up all the three
time periods.)
If the time of termination of the activity is not shown, it will not be a future
perfect tense at all but some other.
Rules
Subject

Auxiliary

Verb form

All persons

will have
Shall have

P.P form

will/shall have got/

Become/been USED TO

use only the P.P

verbs shown in
bold.

Universal Auxiliary
All persons

Here are some examples:

1.
2.
3.
4.

When will you have obtained your science degree?

I will have obtained my degree in the year 2005
We shall have reached Frankfurt positively by 6 p.m. local time.
He will have obtained it by May next year.

Here are some examples with USED TO:

1. How will you have become used to a new country within 2 days?
2. Will you have got used to your lady lecturer by next week?
3. My baby sometimes will cry continuously for some 10 minutes before I
fetch the milk for her. (A complex sentence)
4. When will you invite me for a game of bridge in your house?

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Future Perfect Continuous Tense

We us the future perfect continuous tense to indicate an activity as being in
progress over a period of time and will end by a particular time in the future
time period.
Thus, for the concerned situation we may use either the future perfect or future
perfect continuous tense but the latter will give prominence for the duration of
the activity.
Rules
Subject

Auxiliary

Verb form

All persons

will have been

Shall have been

Present form + ING

will/shall have KEPT

Will/shall have been getting/
Becoming USED TO

Present form + ING

Use only the verbs
shown in Bold.

Universal Auxiliaries
All persons

Here are some examples:

1. He will have been living in the official residence for 4 years.
2. They will have been fighting their property case for 3 years.
3. Will these three sisters have been fighting their property case for 3 years
by next February?
4. Peter will have been changing room three times by next year, wont he?
Here are some examples with universal auxiliaries:
1. We shall have kept visiting him till the end of this college studies.
2. You shall have been getting used to this tennis court by end of next
month.
3. Will you have been becoming used to your new moped by next week?
4. They would/might be used to jogging in this college.

Exercises for Grammar

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition:
1. Isnt your small child hiding .. the door?
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2. My deskmate quarreled me .. a small point.

3. We should be always loyal .. our country.
4. A circle may not be equivalent a rectangle; it all depends the
area.
5. May I go out . My raincoat since the rain has stopped.
Fill in the Blanks with the suitable simple conjunctions:
1. I came running . I couldnt catch the last city bus for
Tambaram.
2. .. you work hard, you will not succeed in life.
3. Take a lamp with you .. it is dark outside.
4. Some students had already left .. we arrived at the gate.
5. I am positive . he said so.
Fill up the blanks with a suitable Article:
1. Copper isuseful metal.
2. He is nothonorable man
3. You are..fool to say that.
4. French is..easy language.
5. Sanskrit isdifficult language.
6. He returned after..hour.
7. reindeer is a native of Norway.
8. Do you seeblue sky?
9. Benares is.holy city.
10.John gotbest present.
Fill up the blank with a suitable Auxiliary Verb:
1. I your brothers friend?
2. .we good neighbours?
3. We no friends in this area. We.. a lot of friends in
our own colony.
4. These street children .. any decent dress at all.
5. My friend not all that clever.
6. How many night dresses .. there in the cupboard?
7. Where your shoulder bag?
8. Your college ..very big.
9. .you any bread for sale now?
10. We..used to heavy rains in our city during summer months.

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Correct the mistake in the following statements:

1. This girl arent in her room now.
2. Susan have only two sisters.
3. Where is all your classmates?
4. They arent a good volley ball players
5. Women and children is not welcome in this meeting.
6. Clever children, not necessarily, has clever parents.
7. I am not revise my lessons now
8. I am feel like a little frog from this morning
9. Mohanrao isnt a good monitor, are he?
10.I am sitting here till the professors arrival. Is you satisfied?
11.Mohan do not talk to you
12.The sun do rise in the east.
13.Meena and Mumtaz does love us very much.
14.How were the breakfast?
15.Johnny and I was good friends.
16.Whose bicycle were this?
17.The football coach was explain the tactics very well.
18.Wasnt it rain very heavily last night?
19.Where did the police caught up with the fleeing thieves?
20.You forget his name, didnt you?
21.When did your small brother joined this school?
22.All my classmates will never oppose this idea, wont he?
23.Will you go to the toilet straightway?
24.They shant traveling together on the same train
25.I shant walking on the sand.
Fill up the blanks with a suitable word:
1. ..all college students above the age of 17?
2. Suresh Koshiattending hockey coaching class these days.
3. Prataps sisterquite tall, isnt she?
4. not the carpenter repariring the chairs now?
5. Whatyou purchasing from this shop?
6. Meenakshi and Kalyani..fighting for 10 minutes yesterday.
7. Iconcentrating on something.
8. Our guests..arrived by 10 p.m. tonight.
9. Some of my classmates.going for a long car drive next week
10.Two and Five.make Eight.

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